内容正文:
第04讲 沪外版选择性必修一词汇
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一 Learning for life 4
知识点1 读单词、识词义 4
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 7
考向2 单元话题选词填空 8
考点二 Unit 2 Volunteering 13
知识点1 读单词、识词义 13
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 16
考向2 单元话题选词填空 18
考点三 Unit 3 Adventuring 21
知识点1 读单词、识词义 21
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 24
考向2 单元话题选词填空 26
考点四 Unit 4 Future Living 30
知识点1 读单词、识词义 31
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 32
考向2 单元话题选词填空 35
考点要求
考题统计
考情分析
教材词汇
课标词汇
近几年出现超纲词(含熟词生义;派生词;转化词)
perception
strategic
methodology
eradicate
alleviate
mitigate
一:新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流;检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力,要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。
二:学术词汇(AWL)考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表(Academic Word List)在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多,且呈现:生物领域:culture=细胞培养(非文化)
经济文本:fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力,要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中,应当注重掌握课标,扩充课外阅读量。
1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。
2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。
3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。
4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力,如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。
复习目标:以新课标词汇+考纲词汇为依据,上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本,以近年新高考真题为导向,在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础,并反复积累,运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力,大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。
Unit1 Learning for Life 词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
英文
音标
中文
frequently
/'frɪ:kwəntlɪ/
adv. 频繁地;经常
recite
/rɪ'saɪt/
v. (尤指对听众) 背诵
trial
/'traɪəl/
n. 令人伤脑筋的事;惹麻烦的人;考验;(法院的) 审讯,审理,审判
educator
/'edjukeɪtə/
n. 教育工作者;教师
Polish
/pɒlɪʃ/
adj. 波兰的;波兰人的;波兰语的△
poetry
/'pəʊɪtrɪ/
n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作
compose
/kəm'pəʊz/
v. 撰写 (信函、讲稿、诗歌等);组成,构成 (一个整体)
prose
/prəʊz/
n. 散文△
patriotic
/ˌpætrɪ'ɒtɪk/
adj. 爱国的△
acquire
/ə'kwaɪə/
v. (通过努力、能力、行为表现) 获得,得到
willingly
/'wɪlɪŋlɪ/
adv. 愿意;乐意△
poet
/'pəʊɪt/
n. 诗人
aid
/eɪd/
v. 帮助;援助
n. 援助;救援物资;援助款项
experiment
/ɪk'sperɪmənt/
n. 实验;试验
gas
/gæs/
n. 气体;气体燃料;煤气;天然气
compound
/'kɒmpaʊnd/
n. 化合物;复合物;混合物△
practically
/'præktɪklɪ/
adv. 实事求是地;实际地;几乎;差不多;很接近△
experimental
/ɪkˌsperɪ'mentl/
adj. 科学实验的;科学试验的;以实验 (或试验) 为基础的;实验性的;试验性的
somehow
/'sʌmhaʊ/
adv. 由于某种未知的原因;不知为什么;不知怎么地
nickname
/'nɪkneɪm/
v. 给… 起绰号
n. 绰号;诨名;外号△
herd-boy
/hɜːd-bɔɪ/
n. 牧童△
calf
/kɑːf/
n. 小牛;牛犊;腓;小腿肚△
slingshot
/'slɪŋʃɒt/
n. (NAmE) 弹弓△
gather
/'gæðə/
v. 采集 (植物、水果等)
honey
/'hʌnɪ/
n. 蜂蜜
stream
/strɪ:m/
n. 小河;溪
twine
/twaɪn/
n. (两股或多股的) 线,绳;合股线;麻绳△
wire
/waɪə/
n. 金属丝;金属线;一段金属丝 (或线)
unruly
/ʌn'ru:lɪ/
adj. 难以控制 (或管理) 的;难以驾驭的△
donkey
/'dɒŋkɪ/
n. 驴△
bush
/buʃ/
n. 灌木△
unseat
/ʌn'sɪ:t/
v. 使掉下马 (或自行车);罢免;解除职务;赶下台△
embarrass
/ɪm'bærəs/
v. (尤指在社交场合) 使窘迫,使尴尬
dignity
/'dɪgnɪtɪ/
n. 自尊;庄重;庄严;尊严
suffer
/'sʌfə/
v. 遭受;蒙受
fate
/feɪt/
n. 命中注定的事 (尤指坏事);命运的安排△
defeat
/dɪ'fɪ:t/
v. 击败;战胜
n. 失败;战败
opponent
/ə'pəʊnənt/
n. 对手;竞争者
dishonour
/dɪs'ɒnə(r)/
v. 使丧失名誉;使蒙受耻辱;使丢脸
n. 不名誉;耻辱;丢脸
run away
——
突然离开,逃离
by heart
——
单凭记忆,能背诵
take turns / take it in turns
——
依次;轮流
lose face
——
丢脸;失面子
Marie Curie
/mə'rɪ 'kjuərɪ/
玛丽・居里 (1867-1934,生于波兰的法国物理学家、化学家)
Charles Darwin
/'tʃɑːlz 'dɑːwɪn/
查尔斯・达尔文 (1809-1882,英国博物学家、进化论的创始者、进化生物学的奠基人)
Nelson Mandela
/'nelsn mæn'delə/
纳尔逊・曼德拉 (1918-2013,南非政治家)
B 部分
英文
音标
中文
cease
/sɪ:s/
v. (使) 停止,终止
indigo
/'ɪndɪgəʊ/
n. 蓝草 (可制取靛青的植物);靛青△
plumb line
——
(测水深或垂直面用的) 重锤线,铅垂线△
compass
/'kʌmpəs/
n. 圆规;指南针△
process
/'prəʊses/
n. 做事方法;工艺流程;工序
thus
/ðʌs/
adv. 以此方式;如此;这样;因此,从而
press
/pres/
v. (被) 压,挤,推,施加压力
n. 报章杂志;报刊;印刷媒体
metal
/'metl/
n. 金属
grindstone
/'graɪndstəʊn/
n. 磨石;砂轮△
wisdom
/'wɪzdəm/
n. 智慧;才智
conduct
/ˈkɒndʌkt/(n.);/kənˈdʌkt/(v.)
n. (人在某地或某种情况下的) 行为,举止
v. 组织;安排;实施;执行
distance
/'dɪstəns/
n. 远方;远处;距离;间距
wave
/weɪv/
v. 挥手;招手;摆手;挥臂
n. 海浪;波浪;波涛
carriage
/'kærɪdʒ/
n. (旧时载客的) 四轮马车;(BrE) (NAmE Car) (火车的) 客车厢
pile
/paɪl/
v. 堆放;摞起;叠放△
dragon
/'drægən/
n. (中国传说中的) 龙
deed
/dɪ:d/
n. 行为;行动△
virtue
/'vɜːtʃu:/
n. 高尚的道德;正直的品性;德行
profound
/prə'faʊnd/
adj. 知识渊博的;理解深刻的;深邃的;巨大的;深切的;深远的△
sage
/seɪdʒ/
n. 智者;圣人△
thoroughbred
/'θʌrəbred/
n. 纯种动物,良种动物 (尤指马)△
pace
/peɪs/
n. (走或跑时) 迈出的一步;步幅;(移动的) 速度;步速
leap
/lɪ:p/
n. 跳跃;跳高△
nag
/næg/
n. (老) 马;驽马△
achievement
/ə'tʃɪ:vmənt/
n. 成就;成绩;功绩
carve
/kɑːv/
v. 雕刻
rotten
/'rɒtn/
adj. (食物、树木等) 腐烂的;腐朽的△
persist
/pə'sɪst/
v. 顽强地坚持;执著地做△
inlay
/'ɪnleɪ/
v. 镶嵌;把 (图案等) 嵌入△
on tiptoe
——
踮着脚
in / into the distance
——
在远处;在远方
make use of
——
使用;利用
come of / from
——
是… 的结果
consist in
——
存在于;在于
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1) frequently adv. 频繁地;经常→frequent adj. 频繁的;时常发生的
2) recite v. (尤指对听众) 背诵→recitation n. 背诵;朗诵
3) educator n. 教育工作者;教师→educate v. 教育;培养→education n. 教育;培养
4) compose v. 撰写;组成→composition n. 作文;构成→composer n. 作曲家
5) acquire v. 获得,得到→acquisition n. 获得;习得
6) poet n. 诗人→poetry n. 诗集;诗歌→poetic adj. 诗的;诗意的
7) experiment n. 实验;试验→experimental adj. 实验性的;试验性的→experimenter n. 实验者
8) embarrass v. 使窘迫,使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 尴尬;难堪
9) suffer v. 遭受;蒙受→suffering n. 痛苦;苦难→sufferer n. 受害者;患者
10) defeat v. 击败;战胜 n. 失败;战败→defeated adj. 被击败的;受挫的
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
run away
突然离开,逃离
by heart
单凭记忆,能背诵
take turns/take it in turns
依次;轮流
lose face
丢脸;失面子
on tiptoe
踮着脚
in/into the distance
在远处;在远方
make use of
使用;利用
come of/from
是… 的结果
consist in
存在于;在于
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
A. frequently B. acquire C. compose D. embarrass E. suffer F. defeat
G. dignity H. wisdom I. conduct J. profound K. persist
(1)She ______ visits her grandparents on weekends.(她周末经常去看望祖父母。)
(2)It takes time to ______ the skills needed for this job.(掌握这份工作所需的技能需要时间。)
(3)The poet spent three months ______ this long poem.(这位诗人花了三个月时间创作这首长诗。)
(4)Don’t ask such personal questions—it might ______ her.(别问这种私人问题,可能会让她尴尬。)
(5)Many people ______ from colds during the winter.(冬天很多人会感冒。)
(6)Our team was ______ in the final match last year.(我们队在去年的决赛中失利了。)
(7)Everyone should stand up for their ______ and rights.(每个人都应该维护自己的尊严和权利。)
(8)His advice is full of ______ and experience.(他的建议充满智慧和经验。)
(9)The company will ______ a survey about customer satisfaction next month.(公司下个月将开展一项客户满意度调查。)
(10)The book has a ______ influence on my view of life.(这本书对我的人生观有深远的影响。)
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.crucial B.collapse C. passion D.lengthening E. depend
F. refreshed G. alternative H. devoted I. regularly J. varying K. delivery
Three Ways for Scientists to Manage Their Time Better
It is not necessary to become a workaholic to be a good scientist, although scientists often have great 1 for their research, and frequently work long hours. The amount and quality of what you achieve critically 2 on how effectively you manage your time. Here are some tips on how to better manage your time as a scientist
.● Make a plan
Consider blocking out your calendar into chunks of time 3 to a specific task. This is particularly important when you are writing a paper or report. Next comes the 4 step of prioritizing. Highlight tasks on your list to signify their urgency. Focus only on one item at a time: the others can wait their turn. This list needs to be updated and reviewed 5 .
● Give yourself a break
Taking breaks is good for your brain. Don’t be hard on yourself: you will actually perform better if you take breaks and cultivate a life outside science. This might seem counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) with all those tasks on your list, but solutions to apparently difficult problems can come from a 6 brain — and a brain that can keep things in perspective. During your working day, allow yourself time to think, to be open to new ideas and to chat with others about new methods.
Try to avoid looking at your work e-mails when you are not working. They do not need to be answered until the next working day. The world will not 7 if you delay reading some e-mails.
● Don’t try to chase every great idea
The other side of permitting yourself time to explore 8 ideas, as well as the suggestions of managers and colleagues, is that you are left with a(n) 9 list of new directions to investigate.
Try to distinguish between things that would be nice to have and things that are vital to the 10 of your project, or PhD, on time.
Succeeding against the odds and in the face of time pressure is one of the most valuable experiences you can offer to future employer.
Unit 2 Volunteering词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
英文
音标
中文
volunteer
/ˌvɒlən'tɪə/
n. 义务工作者;志愿者
v. 自愿做;义务做
cheetah
/'tʃɪ:tə/
n. 猎豹△
threat
/θret/
n. 坏事发生的可能
purchase
/'pɜːtʃɪs/
v. 买;购买;采购
n. 购买;采购
collar
/'kɒlə/
n. (动物,尤指狗的) 颈圈;衣领;领子
earn
/ɜːn/
v. 挣得;赚得;挣钱
lemonade
/ˌlemə'neɪd/
n. 柠檬饮料△
donate
/dəʊ'neɪt/
v. (尤指向慈善机构) 捐赠,赠送
wildlife
/'waɪldlaɪf/
n. 野生动物;野生生物△
organisation
/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
n. 组织;团体;机构
twin
/twɪn/
n. 孪生儿之一;双胞胎之一
launch
/lɔːntʃ/
v. 启动;推出;发起
database
/'deɪtəˌbeɪs/
n. (贮存在计算机中的) 数据库,资料库
shelter
/'ʃeltə/
n. (无家可归者或受虐待者的) 收容所,庇护所;居所;住处
urban
/'ɜːbən/
adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
request
/rɪ'kwest/
v. (礼貌或正式地) 请求,要求;(正式或礼貌的) 要求,请求
plastic
/'plæstɪk/
n. 塑料
march
/mɑːtʃ/
n. 示威游行;抗议游行
county
/'kaʊntɪ/
n. (英国、爱尔兰的) 郡;(美国的) 县
campaign
/kæm'peɪn/
n. 运动 (为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)
promote
/prə'məʊt/
v. 促进;推动
reusable
/ˌrɪ:'juːzəbl/
adj. 可重复使用的;可再次使用的△
urge
/ɜːdʒ/
v. 敦促;催促;力劝
movement
/'mu:vmənt/
n. (具有共同思想或目标的) 运动
gallery
/'gælərɪ/
n. (艺术作品的) 陈列室,展览馆;画廊
emperor
/'empərə/
n. 皇帝
brick
/brɪk/
n. 砖;砖块
latest
/'leɪtɪst/
adj. 最近的;最新的△
make a difference
——
有作用,关系,影响
base on/upon
——
以… 为基础 (或根据)
hang around
——
(在某处附近) 等待,逗留,闲荡
Seattle
/sɪ'ætl/
西雅图 [美国华盛顿州西部港市]
Namibia
/nə'mɪ:bɪə/
纳米比亚 [非洲西南部国家]
Orange County
/'ɒrɪndʒ 'kaʊntɪ/
奥兰治县 [美国加利福尼亚州南部城市]
the Forbidden City
/ðə fə'bɪdn 'sɪtɪ/
紫禁城 (指北京市旧内城中央故宫城区,城内为明清两代帝王的宫殿)
the Palace Museum
/ðə 'pæləs mju'zɪ:əm/
故宫博物院 (位于紫禁城内)
B 部分
英文
音标
中文
boarding school
——
寄宿学校△
orphanage
/'ɔːfənɪdʒ/
n. 孤儿院△
pickup
/'pɪkʌp/
adj. (NAmE) 临时拼凑的;临时组织的△
soccer
/'sɒkər/
n. (BrE also football) 足球运动
mission
/'mɪʃən/
n. 官方使命;使团的使命
educated
/'edjukeɪtɪd/
adj. 受过良好教育 (或训练) 的;有教养的
deliver
/dɪ'lɪvə/
v. 履行诺言;不负所望;兑现
construction
/kənˈstrʌkʃn/
n. 建筑;建造;施工
undo
/ʌn'du:/
v. 消除;取消;废止 (某事的影响);打开;解开;拆开△
structure
/'strʌktʃə/
n. 结构体;(尤指) 建筑物;结构;构造
hire
/haɪə/
v. 临时雇用;(especially NAmE) 聘用;雇用
awkward
/'ɔːkwəd/
adj. 令人尴尬的;使人难堪的
failure
/'feɪljə/
n. 失败
styling
/'staɪlɪŋ/
n. (发型的) 修剪,造型△
band
/bænd/
n. 带;箍
logical
/'lɒdʒɪkəl/
adj. 必然的;合乎情理的;合乎常理的
fashionable
/'fæʃənəbəl/
adj. 流行的;时兴的;时髦的
crisp
/krɪsp/
adj. 洁净的;挺括的;脆的;酥脆的△
Tanzanian
/ˌtænzə'nɪ:ən/
adj. 坦桑尼亚的;坦桑尼亚人的△
uniform
/'juːnɪfɔːm/
n. 制服;校服
regular
/'regjələ(r)/
adj. usual 通常的;平常的;惯常的
crop
/krɒp/
v. 剪短
n. 庄稼;作物
regulate
/'regjuleɪt/
v. (用规则条例) 约束,控制,管理△
official
/ə'fɪʃəl/
n. 要员;官员;高级职员;公务的;公职的;公事的
haircut
/'heəkʌt/
n. 发型;发式△
productivity
/ˌprɒdʌk'tɪvɪtɪ/
n. 生产率;生产效率△
resource
/rɪ'sɔːs/
n. 有助于实现目标的东西;资料;资源;财力
criticize
/'krɪtɪsaɪz/
v. (BrE also -ise) 批评;批判;挑剔;指责
intention
/ɪnˈtenʃn/
n. 打算;计划;意图;目的
assume
/ə'sjuːm/
v. 假定;假设;认为
consist of
——
由… 组成 (或构成)
lead up to
——
是… 的先导;是导致… 的原因
off the track
——
偏离正道,离题,偏离目标;出错
Tanzania
/ˌtænzə'nɪ:ə/
坦桑尼亚 (东非国家)
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
(1) volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做→voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的→volunteering n. 志愿服务
(2) purchase v. 买;购买 n. 购买→purchaser n. 购买者;买主
(3) earn v. 挣得;赚得→earnings n. 收入;所得→earnable adj. 可赚得的
(4) donate v. 捐赠,赠送→donation n. 捐赠;捐款→donor n. 捐赠者
(5) organisation n. 组织;团体→organise v. 组织;安排→organiser n. 组织者→organizational adj. 组织的
(6) launch v. 启动;推出;发起→launching n. 启动;发射→launcher n. 发射器
(7) promote v. 促进;推动→promotion n. 推广;晋升→promotive adj. 促进的;奖励的
(8) educate v.(词源关联 educated)→educated adj. 受过良好教育的→education n. 教育
(9) construct v.(词源关联 construction)→construction n. 建筑;建造→constructive adj. 建设性的→constructor n. 建造者
(10) fail v.(词源关联 failure)→failure n. 失败→failed adj. 失败的;未实现的
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
make a difference
有作用,关系,影响
base on/upon
以… 为基础 (或根据)
hang around
(在某处附近) 等待,逗留,闲荡
consist of
由… 组成 (或构成)
lead up to
是… 的先导;是导致… 的原因
off the track
偏离正道,离题,偏离目标;出错
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
补全句子翻译,其中有一个多余项
A. volunteer B. donate C. promote D. purchase E. urge F. campaign
G. request H. earn I. shelter J. organize K. fashionable
(1)Many students ______ at the local hospital during summer vacation.(很多学生暑假在当地医院做志愿者。)
(2)People are encouraged to ______ old clothes and books to those in need.(鼓励人们向有需要的人捐赠旧衣物和书籍。)
(3)The government launched a project to ______ environmental protection.(政府启动了一个项目来推广环境保护。)
(4)I plan to ______ a new laptop before the new school year starts.(我计划在新学年开始前买一台新笔记本电脑。)
(5)Teachers always ______ us to read more classic works.(老师总是敦促我们多阅读经典作品。)
(6)They started a ______ to raise money for homeless children.(他们发起了一场为无家可归儿童筹款的活动。)
(7)The company received a ______ for more detailed product information.(公司收到了一份要求提供更详细产品信息的请求。)
(8)She ______ extra money by doing part-time jobs after work.(她下班后做兼职赚取额外收入。)
(9)This building serves as a ______ for people affected by the flood.(这座建筑是受洪水影响人群的避难所。)
(10)We need to ______ a meeting to discuss the upcoming event.(我们需要组织一次会议来讨论即将到来的活动。)
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.started B.serving C. rewarding D.recycle E. promoting F. pick
G. purchase H. opportunity I. donating J. created K. access
Amazing Kids of the Month — Hannah and Alexander Laman
Hannah and Alexander Laman, 11-year-old twins from Ohio love reading. They both love reading so much that it is almost impossible to 11 a favourite book. “I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not”, Hannah said.
So when these two young bookworms heard that some children didn’t have 12 to books, they believed that was a problem they just couldn’t ignore. In 2011, they 13 Adopt A Book, an organization that donates books to schools and programmes in need. “We wanted to make a difference because we love reading lots of books,” Alexander said. They 14 by sharing their own books, and then the organization grew by taking book donations from others.
So far, the twins’ organization has donated over 45,000 books to schools, and programmes 15 children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe.
With a successful book- 16 organization that just keeps expanding, what’s ahead for these two? Well, they’ve already started it! Hannah and Alexander are 17 literacy for children through their Little Free Library.
“The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book,” the twins’ mum Angela explained. “This has encouraged many kids and adults to 18 their reading materials and also encourage others to read.”
The twins have received many rewards through promoting literacy. “Other kids have the 19 to read and own books of their own. That’s the most 20 part of sharing books with others,” said Hannah.
Maybe you want to start small. Collect gently-used books from your home that you don’t need anymore, and donate them to Adopt A Book. Any little bit that you can do truly makes a difference!
Unit 3 Adventuring 词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
endurance
/ɪn'djuərəns/
n. 忍耐力;耐久力△
advertisement
/əd'vɜːtɪsmənt/
n. 广告;启事
hazardous
/'hæzədəs/
adj. 危险的;有害的△
wage
/weɪdʒ/
n. (通常指按周领的) 工资,工钱
explorer
/ɪk'splɔːrə/
n. 探险者;勘探者
via
/'vaɪə/
prep. 经由,经过 (某一地方)△
pole
/pəʊl/
n. (行星的) 极;地极
expedition
/ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/
n. 远征;探险;考察△
exceptionally
/ɪk'sepʃənəlɪ/
adv. (用于形容词和副词之前表示强调) 罕见,特别,非常
stuck
/stʌk/
adj. 动不了;无法移动;卡住;陷住△
freezing
/'frɪ:zɪŋ/
adj. 极冷的
disaster
/dɪ'zɑːstə/
n. 灾难;灾祸;灾害
melt
/melt/
v. (使) 熔化,融化△
crew
/kru:/
n. (轮船、飞机等上面的) 全体工作人员
abandon
/ə'bændən/
v. (不得已而) 舍弃,丢弃,离开;(不顾责任、义务等) 离弃,遗弃,抛弃
sink
/sɪŋk/
v. 下沉;下陷;沉没
survive
/sə'vaɪv/
v. 生存;存活;继续存在;幸存;幸免于难;渡过难关
float
/fləʊt/
v. 浮;漂浮;浮动;漂流;飘动;飘移△
lifeboat
/'laɪfbəʊt/
n. (船上备用的) 救生艇;(派往海上救助的) 救生艇,救生船
exhausted
/ɪg'zɔːstɪd/
adj. 筋疲力尽的;疲惫不堪的;用完的;耗尽的;枯竭的△
rescue
/'reskjuː/
n. 救援;营救;抢救;获救
v. 营救;援救;抢救
Norwegian
/nɔː'wɪ:dʒən/
adj. 挪威的;挪威人的;挪威语的△
whaling
/'weɪlɪŋ/
n. 捕鲸 (业);鲸加工 (业)
exhausting
/ɪg'zɔːstɪŋ/
adj. 使人疲惫不堪的;令人筋疲力尽的△
march
/mɑːtʃ/
v. (坚定地向某地) 前进,进发
continuously
/kən'tɪnjuəslɪ/
adv. 不断地;持续地;连续地△
tent
/tent/
n. 帐篷;帐棚△
starve
/stɑːv/
v. (使) 捱饿,饿死
frozen
/'frəʊzn/
adj. 冻僵;极冷
Chilean
/'tʃɪlɪən/
adj. 智利的;智利人的△
sail
/seɪl/
v. (船) 航行;(人) 乘船航行
n. 帆
continent
/'kɒntɪnənt/
n. 大陆;陆地;洲
bury
/'berɪ/
v. 埋葬;安葬
exceptional
/ɪk'sepʃənəl/
adj. 杰出的;优秀的;卓越的
leadership
/'lɪ:dəʃɪp/
n. 领导才能;领导应有的品质;领导;领导地位
unbelievable
/ˌʌnbɪ'lɪ:vəbəl/
adj. 非常好 (或坏、极端) 的;难以置信的;惊人的;难以相信的△
set out
——
出发;动身;启程
Ernest Shackleton
/'ɜːnɪst 'ʃækltən/
欧内斯特・沙克尔顿 (1874-1922,英国探险家)
the Endurance
/ðə ɪn'djuərəns/
坚忍号 (船名)
Antarctica
/æn'tɑːktɪkə/
南极洲
the Weddell Sea
/ðə 'wedəl 'sɪ:/
威德尔海 (南极洲的边缘海,在南极半岛同科茨地之间)
the Ross Sea
/ðə 'rɒs 'sɪ:/
罗斯海 (在南极洲的阿德尔角和科耳贝克角之间,全年覆有冰层,多冰山)
the South Pole
/ðə 'saʊθ 'pəʊl/
南极;(地球的) 南磁极
Elephant Island
/'elɪfənt 'aɪlənd/
象岛 [南极洲南极半岛东北部]
South Georgia
/'saʊθ 'dʒɔːdʒə/
南乔治亚岛南大西洋南部
B 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
voyage
/'vɔɪɪdʒ/
n. 航行;(尤指) 航海,航天△
impression
/ɪm'preʃən/
n. 影响;效果;印象;感想
sailor
/'seɪlə/
n. 水手;海员
dive
/daɪv/
v. 下潜;潜到更深的水下;跳水 (头和双臂先入水)
depth
/depθ/
n. 向下的距离;深 (度);纵深
resolution
/ˌrezə'lu:ʃən/
n. 决心;决定
resolve
/rɪ'zɒlv/
v. 决心;决定;解决 (问题或困难)
desperate
/'despərɪt/
adj. 极严重的;极危险的;很危急的;(因绝望而) 不惜冒险的,不顾一切的,拼命的
plainly
/'pleɪnlɪ/
adv. 清晰地;明显地;清楚地
soundness
/saʊndnɪs/
adj. 明智;可靠△
observation
/ˌɒbzə'veɪʃən/
n. (尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的) 评论
expose
/ɪk'spəʊz/
v. 使面临,使遭受 (危险或不快);暴露;显露;露出
shore
/ʃɔː/
n. (海洋、湖泊等大水域的) 岸,滨
last
/lɑ:st/
v. 持续;继续;延续
indeed
/ɪn'dɪ:d/
adv. 其实;实际上
afterwards
/ˈɑːftəwədz/
adv. (especially BrE) 后来;然后△
calm
/kɑːm/
adj. (海洋) 风平浪静的
sea-sick
/sɪ:-sɪk/
adj. 晕船△
charming
/'tʃɑːmɪŋ/
adj. 令人着迷的;迷人的;吸引人的△
perfectly
/'pɜːfɪktlɪ/
adv. 完全地;非常;十分△
rough
/rʌf/
adj. 汹涌的;风浪很大的;粗糙的;不平滑的;高低不平的△
persuade
/pə'sweɪd/
v. 劝说;说服
clap
/klæp/
v. (常指友好地) 轻拍某人的背 (或肩);鼓掌,拍手 (表示赞许或欣赏)
frightened
/'fraɪtnd/
adj. 惊吓的;受惊的;害怕的
freshwater
/'freʃwɔːtə/
adj. (尤指还没有航海经验的水手) 不熟练的;缺乏经验的△
clear up
——
转晴;放晴;变晴朗
die away
——
逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失
come up (to sb)
——
(为攀谈而) 走到跟前,走近
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1. endurance n. 忍耐力;耐久力→endure v. 忍受;持续→enduring adj. 持久的;不朽的
2. advertisement n. 广告;启事→advertise v. 做广告;宣传→advertiser n. 广告商→advertising n. 广告业
3. explorer n. 探险者;勘探者→explore v. 勘探;探索→exploration n. 探索;勘探
4. expedition n. 远征;探险→expedite v. 加快;促进→expeditious adj. 迅速的;高效的
5. survive v. 生存;幸存→survival n. 生存;幸存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者
6. rescue n. 救援;营救 v. 营救→rescuer n. 救援者;救助者
7. exhaust v.(词源关联 exhausted/exhausting)→exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的→exhausting adj. 使人疲惫的→exhaustion n. 疲惫;耗尽
8. abandon v. 舍弃,丢弃→abandoned adj. 被遗弃的→abandonment n. 遗弃;放弃
9. resolve v. 决心;决定;解决→resolution n. 决心;决议→resolved adj. 坚决的;下定决心的
10. observe v.(词源关联 observation)→observation n. 评论;观察→observant adj. 善于观察的→observer n. 观察者
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
set out
出发;动身;启程
clear up
转晴;放晴;变晴朗
die away
逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失
come up (to sb)
(为攀谈而) 走到跟前,走近
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
补全句子翻译,其中有一个多余项
A. expedition B. survive C. abandon D. rescue E. endurance F. disaster
G. freeze H. sail I. explore J. exhaust K. march
(1)The team set off on a dangerous ______ to the North Pole.(这支队伍出发前往北极进行一次危险的探险。)
(2)Only a few people managed to ______ the terrible earthquake.(只有少数人在那场可怕的地震中幸存下来。)
(3)The crew had to ______ the sinking ship and get on the lifeboats.(船员们不得不放弃正在下沉的船,登上救生艇。)
(4)The local police sent a team to ______ the hikers lost in the mountain.(当地警方派出一支队伍去营救在山里迷路的徒步旅行者。)
(5)Long-distance running requires great physical ______ and mental strength.(长跑需要极强的体力耐力和意志力。)
(6)The heavy rain caused a natural ______ in the southern part of the country.(暴雨在该国南部引发了一场自然灾害。)
(7)The temperature dropped so low that the river began to ______.(气温降得很低,河水开始结冰。)
(8)They decided to ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in a small boat.(他们决定乘小船横渡大西洋。)
(9)Scientists want to ______ the unknown areas of the deep sea.(科学家们想要探索深海的未知区域。)
(10)After a whole day’s work, he felt completely ______.(工作了一整天后,他感到筋疲力尽。)
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.alarming B.carbon-intensive C. durability D.glued E. labels F. man-made
G. exceed H. sample I. redefine J. emissions K. share
How sustainable are your sneakers?
Over the last five years the sneaker industry has grown rapidly and shows no sign of slowing down. The global athletic footwear market is expected to 21 95 billion (USD) by 2025. According to the World Footwear Yearbook, over 24 billion pairs of shoes are produced annually. Among them sneakers account for the largest 22 . What are the environmental impacts of the rapidly growing sneaker industry?
Sneaker production is very 23 . A typical pair of running shoes produces about 13.6 kilograms of CO2 emissions which is unusually high for a product that does not use electricity or require power-driving components.
These 24 mainly come from manufacturing. The majority of sneakers are made from plastic and/or plastic-like materials. All these petroleum-derived plastics produce a(n) 25 number of carbon dioxide.
Then why don’t we move away from the use of plastic? Since sneakers have to endure much more than a regular pair of shoes, the aspect of their 26 is very important when it comes to their overall performance. Unfortunately, 27 materials hold up better than natural ones. Plastic has made shoes better, lighter, faster, more comfortable, and more accessible to everyone worldwide. Another issue with sneakers today is that most of them are made by using a combination of different plastics 28 in a very complicated way, making them very hard to recycle.
The footwear industry is at least 10 years behind the rest of fashion in terms of environmental standards. Seven out of ten brands are having discussions on sustainability, yet only 40% of companies have a sustainability program in place. Big industry players (such as Adidas and Nike) and some smaller 29 are trying to reduce their carbon footprint in different ways.
Considering that close to 25 billion pairs of shoes were produced worldwide in the last year, it is clear that immediate action is very important. It is my hope that we consumers will 30 our relationship with fashion and think about the environmental impact of our shopping habits.
Unit 4 Future Living 词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
dome
/dəʊm/
n. 穹顶;圆屋顶△
proof
/pru:f/
adj. (构成复合词) 防… 的;抗… 的
n. 证据;证明
solar-powered
/'səʊlə-'paʊəd/
adj. 以太阳能为动力的△
dust
/dʌst/
v. 擦去… 的灰尘;擦灰
n. 沙土;尘土
iron
/'aɪən/
v. (用熨斗) 熨,烫平
n. 熨斗
energy
/'enədʒɪ/
n. 能源
equivalent
/ɪ'kwɪvələnt/
adj. (价值、数量、意义、重要性等) 相等的,相同的△
ring
/rɪŋ/
n. (especially BrE) 炉口;灶盘△
ski
/skɪ:/
v. 滑雪 (运动)
nestle
/'nesəl/
v. 坐落 (于安全、隐蔽之处);依偎;舒适地坐 (或卧)△
gigantic
/dʒaɪ'gæntɪk/
adj. 巨大的;庞大的△
surround
/sə'raʊnd/
v. 围绕;环绕
lush
/lʌʃ/
adj. (植物、花园等) 茂盛的;茂密的△
shrub
/ʃrʌb/
n. 灌木△
flit
/flɪt/
v. 轻快地从一处到另一处;掠过△
roof-top
/ru:f-tɒp/
n. 外屋顶△
constant
/'kɒnstənt/
adj. 不变的;固定的;恒定的
loft
/lɒft/
n. (especially BrE) 阁楼,顶楼 (常用以贮物,间或作房间)△
roof
/ru:f/
n. 顶部;屋顶
border
/'bɔːdə/
n. (花园)(草坪边等的) 狭长花坛;国界;边界;边疆;边界地区
lawn
/lɔːn/
n. 草坪;草地△
normally
/'nɔːməlɪ/
adv. 通常;正常情况下;正常地;平常地
fancy
/'fænsɪ/
v. (BrE, informal) 想要;想做
solar panel
——
太阳能电池板
space-age
/speɪs-eɪdʒ/
adj. (尤指样式或技术) 太空时代的;非常先进的△
butler
/'bʌtlə/
n. 男管家△
oversee
/ˌəʊvə'sɪ:/
v. 监督;监视△
security
/sɪ'kjuərɪtɪ/
n. 保护措施;安全工作
discreet
/dɪ'skrɪ:t/
adj. (言行) 谨慎的,考虑周到的△
servant
/'sɜːvənt/
n. 仆人
humidity
/hjuː'mɪdɪtɪ/
n. (空气中的) 湿度△
lighting
/'laɪtɪŋ/
n. 照明;灯光;布光△
gadget
/'gædʒɪt/
n. 小器具;小装置△
chore
/tʃɔː/
n. 日常事务;例行工作△
crossword
/'krɒswɜːd/
n. 纵横字谜;纵横填字游戏△
button
/'bʌtn/
n. (机器的) 按钮;钮扣;扣子
forwards
/ˈfɔːwədz/
adv. 向前
integrated
/'ɪntɪgreɪtɪd/
adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的;完整统一的
laundry
/'lɔːndrɪ/
n. (家庭﹑旅馆等的) 洗衣房;要 (或正在) 洗的衣物;刚洗好的衣物△
easy-care
/'ɪ:zɪ-keə/
adj. (衣服或布料) 免熨烫的△
fabric
/'fæbrɪk/
n. 织物;布料
socket
/'sɒkɪt/
n. (电源) 插座△
attach
/ə'tætʃ/
v. 把… 固定,把… 附 (在… 上)
electrical
/ɪ'lektrɪkəl/
adj. 电的;用电的;电动的;发电的
appliance
/ə'plaɪəns/
n. (家用) 电器,器具△
old-fashioned
/əʊld-'fæʃənd/
adj. 陈旧的;过时的;不时髦的△
duster
/'dʌstə/
n. 抹布;擦布;掸子
filter
/'fɪltə/
v. 过滤;滤器;过滤器△
scent
/sent/
v. 使具有香味;香味△
perfume
/'pɜːfjuːm/
n. 芳香;香味;馨香△
entrance
/'entrəns/
n. 大门 (口);入口 (处);通道
adventure
/əd'ventʃə/
n. 冒险;冒险经历;奇遇
simulator
/'sɪmjuleɪtə/
n. 模拟装置△
surfing
/'sɜːfɪŋ/
n. 冲浪运动
loathe
/ləʊð/
v. 极不喜欢;厌恶△
for a start
——
(强调一系列理由、意见等的第一条) 首先
on your/the/its way
——
即将去 (或来);就要去 (或来)
B 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
automatically
/ˌɔːtə'mætɪklɪ/
adv. 自动地
wardrobe
/'wɔːdrəʊb/
n. 衣柜;衣橱;(英国) 放置衣物的壁橱△
housekeeper
/'haʊsˌkɪ:pə/
n. 管家,杂务主管 (通常为女性)△
nanny
/'nænɪ/
n. (儿童家中的) 保姆△
advertise
/'ædvətaɪz/
v. 做广告;登广告;宣传
reliable
/rɪ'laɪəbəl/
adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的
quantity
/'kwɒntətɪ/
n. 数量;数额;数目
overpopulation
/ˌəʊvəpɒpju'leɪʃən/
n. 人口过剩问题△
room
/ru:m/
n. 可能性;机会
error
/'erə/
n. 错误;差错;谬误
interconnect
/ˌɪntəkə'nekt/
v. (使类似的事物) 相联系,相互联系△
tunnel
/'tʌnl/
n. 地道;隧道△
skyscraper
/'skaɪˌskreɪpə/
n. 摩天大楼△
identical
/aɪ'dentɪkəl/
adj. 完全同样的;相同的
spot
/spɒt/
v. 看见;注意到
lecturer
/'lektʃərə/
n. 讲课者;讲授者;讲演者△
polar bear
——
北极熊;白熊
tap
/tæp/
n. 轻击;轻拍;轻敲;轻扣△
metallic
/mɪ'tælɪk/
adj. 金属般的;有金属味 (或声音)△
echo
/'ekəʊ/
v. 回响;回荡△
recycle
/ˌrɪ:'saɪkəl/
v. 回收利用;再利用
take over (from)
——
占上风;取而代之
Los Angeles
/lɔːs 'ændʒələs/
洛杉矶 [美国加利福尼亚州西南部港市]
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1. proof adj. 防… 的;抗… 的 n. 证据;证明→prove v. 证明;证实→provable adj. 可证明的→proofless adj. 无证据的
2. energy n. 能源→energetic adj. 精力充沛的→energize v. 使充满活力→energy-saving adj. 节能的
3. constant adj. 不变的;固定的→constantly adv. 不断地;时常→constancy n. 恒定性;坚定
4. secure adj.(词源关联 security)→security n. 保护措施;安全→secure v. 保护;获得→securely adv. 安全地
5. attach v. 把… 固定,附→attachment n. 附件;依恋→attached adj. 附加的;依恋的
6. electrical adj. 电的;用电的→electric adj. 电的;电动的→electricity n. 电;电力→electrify v. 使电气化
7. advertise v. 做广告;宣传→advertisement n. 广告→advertising n. 广告活动→advertiser n. 广告客户
8. reliable adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的→rely v. 依靠;信赖→reliance n. 依赖;信赖→reliably adv. 可靠地
9. recycle v. 回收利用;再利用→recycling n. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→recycler n. 回收机;回收者
10. error n. 错误;差错→err v. 犯错;出错→erroneous adj. 错误的;不正确的→error-prone adj. 容易出错的
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
for a start
(强调一系列理由、意见等的第一条) 首先
on your/the/its way
即将去 (或来);就要去 (或来)
take over (from)
占上风;取而代之
solar panel
太阳能电池板
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
补全句子翻译,其中有一个多余项
A. solar-powered B. constant C. attach D. recycle E. humidity F. gadget
G. automatic H. secure I. filter J. integrate K. lush
(1)Many families in this area use ______ water heaters to save energy.(这个地区很多家庭使用太阳能热水器来节约能源。)
(2)The machine needs a ______ supply of electricity to work properly.(这台机器需要持续的电力供应才能正常工作。)
(3)Please ______ this document to the email before you send it.(发送邮件前,请把这份文件附件加上。)
(4)We should ______ plastic bottles and paper to reduce waste.(我们应该回收塑料瓶和纸张以减少浪费。)
(5)The high ______ in the room made the walls damp.(房间里的高湿度使墙壁变潮了。)
(6)This new ______ can help you track your daily exercise and sleep.(这款新设备可以帮你记录日常运动和睡眠情况。)
(7)The door has an ______ lock that opens with a fingerprint.(这扇门有一个指纹自动锁。)
(8)Make sure all the windows are ______ before you leave the house.(离开家前,确保所有窗户都锁好。)
(9)The water needs to be ______ before it is safe to drink.(水需要经过过滤才能安全饮用。)
(10)The new system will ______ all the departments into a single network.(新系统将把所有部门整合到一个单一网络中。)
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Fill in eat blank with a proper word chosen form the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.arrives B.observable C. boundless. D.contained. E. distancing. F. expansion
G. lies H. parallel I. perceiving J. threads K. volume
What Comes After Space?
Looking at a clear night sky you witness the vastness of space, which holds everything humans know to exist. To find out what 31 beyond a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends. However, the problem is that scientist are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.
The 32 universe
The furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is 46 billion light years (alight year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about 9. 5 million million kilometres). The 33 of space that humans can see is called the visible universe. Beyond this, it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe. Some think that the universe is 34 , meaning space goes on forever in every direction. In this case,there is nothing after space,because space is everything.
Moving further away
Experts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit. Perhaps 35 the limits of the universe would also be possible too, if only humans knew where to go to look for it.
Another challenge is the universe’s rapid 36 . As galaxies move further away their light takes longer to reach us. Eventually, some galaxies may be so distant that their light never 37 . This might imply that any edge— and whatever is on the other side — is increasingly 38 itself from us. Regardless of these uncertainties, scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space.
Many universes?
It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe, and that our universe is just one small part of a “multiverse”. Perhaps our universe is 39 within its own distinct region of space, separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe 40 universes exist pressed tightly against each other. Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge. What comes after that could be an even great mystery.
5 / 38
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第04讲 沪外版选择性必修一词汇
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视 3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4
考点一 Learning for life 4
知识点1 读单词、识词义 4
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 7
考向2 单元话题选词填空 8
考点二 Unit 2 Volunteering 13
知识点1 读单词、识词义 13
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 16
考向2 单元话题选词填空 18
考点三 Unit 3 Adventuring 21
知识点1 读单词、识词义 21
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 24
考向2 单元话题选词填空 26
考点四 Unit 4 Future Living 30
知识点1 读单词、识词义 31
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31
知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32
考向1 补全句子(本单元重点词汇巩固) 32
考向2 单元话题选词填空 35
考点要求
考题统计
考情分析
教材词汇
课标词汇
近几年出现超纲词(含熟词生义;派生词;转化词)
perception
strategic
methodology
eradicate
alleviate
mitigate
一:新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流;检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力,要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。
二:学术词汇(AWL)考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表(Academic Word List)在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多,且呈现:生物领域:culture=细胞培养(非文化)
经济文本:fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力,要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中,应当注重掌握课标,扩充课外阅读量。
1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。
2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。
3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。
4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力,如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。
复习目标:以新课标词汇+考纲词汇为依据,上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本,以近年新高考真题为导向,在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础,并反复积累,运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力,大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。
Unit1 Learning for Life 词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
英文
音标
中文
frequently
/'frɪ:kwəntlɪ/
adv. 频繁地;经常
recite
/rɪ'saɪt/
v. (尤指对听众) 背诵
trial
/'traɪəl/
n. 令人伤脑筋的事;惹麻烦的人;考验;(法院的) 审讯,审理,审判
educator
/'edjukeɪtə/
n. 教育工作者;教师
Polish
/pɒlɪʃ/
adj. 波兰的;波兰人的;波兰语的△
poetry
/'pəʊɪtrɪ/
n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作
compose
/kəm'pəʊz/
v. 撰写 (信函、讲稿、诗歌等);组成,构成 (一个整体)
prose
/prəʊz/
n. 散文△
patriotic
/ˌpætrɪ'ɒtɪk/
adj. 爱国的△
acquire
/ə'kwaɪə/
v. (通过努力、能力、行为表现) 获得,得到
willingly
/'wɪlɪŋlɪ/
adv. 愿意;乐意△
poet
/'pəʊɪt/
n. 诗人
aid
/eɪd/
v. 帮助;援助
n. 援助;救援物资;援助款项
experiment
/ɪk'sperɪmənt/
n. 实验;试验
gas
/gæs/
n. 气体;气体燃料;煤气;天然气
compound
/'kɒmpaʊnd/
n. 化合物;复合物;混合物△
practically
/'præktɪklɪ/
adv. 实事求是地;实际地;几乎;差不多;很接近△
experimental
/ɪkˌsperɪ'mentl/
adj. 科学实验的;科学试验的;以实验 (或试验) 为基础的;实验性的;试验性的
somehow
/'sʌmhaʊ/
adv. 由于某种未知的原因;不知为什么;不知怎么地
nickname
/'nɪkneɪm/
v. 给… 起绰号
n. 绰号;诨名;外号△
herd-boy
/hɜːd-bɔɪ/
n. 牧童△
calf
/kɑːf/
n. 小牛;牛犊;腓;小腿肚△
slingshot
/'slɪŋʃɒt/
n. (NAmE) 弹弓△
gather
/'gæðə/
v. 采集 (植物、水果等)
honey
/'hʌnɪ/
n. 蜂蜜
stream
/strɪ:m/
n. 小河;溪
twine
/twaɪn/
n. (两股或多股的) 线,绳;合股线;麻绳△
wire
/waɪə/
n. 金属丝;金属线;一段金属丝 (或线)
unruly
/ʌn'ru:lɪ/
adj. 难以控制 (或管理) 的;难以驾驭的△
donkey
/'dɒŋkɪ/
n. 驴△
bush
/buʃ/
n. 灌木△
unseat
/ʌn'sɪ:t/
v. 使掉下马 (或自行车);罢免;解除职务;赶下台△
embarrass
/ɪm'bærəs/
v. (尤指在社交场合) 使窘迫,使尴尬
dignity
/'dɪgnɪtɪ/
n. 自尊;庄重;庄严;尊严
suffer
/'sʌfə/
v. 遭受;蒙受
fate
/feɪt/
n. 命中注定的事 (尤指坏事);命运的安排△
defeat
/dɪ'fɪ:t/
v. 击败;战胜
n. 失败;战败
opponent
/ə'pəʊnənt/
n. 对手;竞争者
dishonour
/dɪs'ɒnə(r)/
v. 使丧失名誉;使蒙受耻辱;使丢脸
n. 不名誉;耻辱;丢脸
run away
——
突然离开,逃离
by heart
——
单凭记忆,能背诵
take turns / take it in turns
——
依次;轮流
lose face
——
丢脸;失面子
Marie Curie
/mə'rɪ 'kjuərɪ/
玛丽・居里 (1867-1934,生于波兰的法国物理学家、化学家)
Charles Darwin
/'tʃɑːlz 'dɑːwɪn/
查尔斯・达尔文 (1809-1882,英国博物学家、进化论的创始者、进化生物学的奠基人)
Nelson Mandela
/'nelsn mæn'delə/
纳尔逊・曼德拉 (1918-2013,南非政治家)
B 部分
英文
音标
中文
cease
/sɪ:s/
v. (使) 停止,终止
indigo
/'ɪndɪgəʊ/
n. 蓝草 (可制取靛青的植物);靛青△
plumb line
——
(测水深或垂直面用的) 重锤线,铅垂线△
compass
/'kʌmpəs/
n. 圆规;指南针△
process
/'prəʊses/
n. 做事方法;工艺流程;工序
thus
/ðʌs/
adv. 以此方式;如此;这样;因此,从而
press
/pres/
v. (被) 压,挤,推,施加压力
n. 报章杂志;报刊;印刷媒体
metal
/'metl/
n. 金属
grindstone
/'graɪndstəʊn/
n. 磨石;砂轮△
wisdom
/'wɪzdəm/
n. 智慧;才智
conduct
/ˈkɒndʌkt/(n.);/kənˈdʌkt/(v.)
n. (人在某地或某种情况下的) 行为,举止
v. 组织;安排;实施;执行
distance
/'dɪstəns/
n. 远方;远处;距离;间距
wave
/weɪv/
v. 挥手;招手;摆手;挥臂
n. 海浪;波浪;波涛
carriage
/'kærɪdʒ/
n. (旧时载客的) 四轮马车;(BrE) (NAmE Car) (火车的) 客车厢
pile
/paɪl/
v. 堆放;摞起;叠放△
dragon
/'drægən/
n. (中国传说中的) 龙
deed
/dɪ:d/
n. 行为;行动△
virtue
/'vɜːtʃu:/
n. 高尚的道德;正直的品性;德行
profound
/prə'faʊnd/
adj. 知识渊博的;理解深刻的;深邃的;巨大的;深切的;深远的△
sage
/seɪdʒ/
n. 智者;圣人△
thoroughbred
/'θʌrəbred/
n. 纯种动物,良种动物 (尤指马)△
pace
/peɪs/
n. (走或跑时) 迈出的一步;步幅;(移动的) 速度;步速
leap
/lɪ:p/
n. 跳跃;跳高△
nag
/næg/
n. (老) 马;驽马△
achievement
/ə'tʃɪ:vmənt/
n. 成就;成绩;功绩
carve
/kɑːv/
v. 雕刻
rotten
/'rɒtn/
adj. (食物、树木等) 腐烂的;腐朽的△
persist
/pə'sɪst/
v. 顽强地坚持;执著地做△
inlay
/'ɪnleɪ/
v. 镶嵌;把 (图案等) 嵌入△
on tiptoe
——
踮着脚
in / into the distance
——
在远处;在远方
make use of
——
使用;利用
come of / from
——
是… 的结果
consist in
——
存在于;在于
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1) frequently adv. 频繁地;经常→frequent adj. 频繁的;时常发生的
2) recite v. (尤指对听众) 背诵→recitation n. 背诵;朗诵
3) educator n. 教育工作者;教师→educate v. 教育;培养→education n. 教育;培养
4) compose v. 撰写;组成→composition n. 作文;构成→composer n. 作曲家
5) acquire v. 获得,得到→acquisition n. 获得;习得
6) poet n. 诗人→poetry n. 诗集;诗歌→poetic adj. 诗的;诗意的
7) experiment n. 实验;试验→experimental adj. 实验性的;试验性的→experimenter n. 实验者
8) embarrass v. 使窘迫,使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrassment n. 尴尬;难堪
9) suffer v. 遭受;蒙受→suffering n. 痛苦;苦难→sufferer n. 受害者;患者
10) defeat v. 击败;战胜 n. 失败;战败→defeated adj. 被击败的;受挫的
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
run away
突然离开,逃离
by heart
单凭记忆,能背诵
take turns/take it in turns
依次;轮流
lose face
丢脸;失面子
on tiptoe
踮着脚
in/into the distance
在远处;在远方
make use of
使用;利用
come of/from
是… 的结果
consist in
存在于;在于
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
A. frequently B. acquire C. compose D. embarrass E. suffer F. defeat
G. dignity H. wisdom I. conduct J. profound K. persist
(1)She ______ visits her grandparents on weekends.(她周末经常去看望祖父母。)
(2)It takes time to ______ the skills needed for this job.(掌握这份工作所需的技能需要时间。)
(3)The poet spent three months ______ this long poem.(这位诗人花了三个月时间创作这首长诗。)
(4)Don’t ask such personal questions—it might ______ her.(别问这种私人问题,可能会让她尴尬。)
(5)Many people ______ from colds during the winter.(冬天很多人会感冒。)
(6)Our team was ______ in the final match last year.(我们队在去年的决赛中失利了。)
(7)Everyone should stand up for their ______ and rights.(每个人都应该维护自己的尊严和权利。)
(8)His advice is full of ______ and experience.(他的建议充满智慧和经验。)
(9)The company will ______ a survey about customer satisfaction next month.(公司下个月将开展一项客户满意度调查。)
(10)The book has a ______ influence on my view of life.(这本书对我的人生观有深远的影响。)
Keys:
1-5:frequently; acquire; composing; embarrass; suffer
6-10: defeated; dignity; wisdom; conduct; profound
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.crucial B.collapse C. passion D.lengthening E. depend
F. refreshed G. alternative H. devoted I. regularly J. varying K. delivery
Three Ways for Scientists to Manage Their Time Better
It is not necessary to become a workaholic to be a good scientist, although scientists often have great 1 for their research, and frequently work long hours. The amount and quality of what you achieve critically 2 on how effectively you manage your time. Here are some tips on how to better manage your time as a scientist
.● Make a plan
Consider blocking out your calendar into chunks of time 3 to a specific task. This is particularly important when you are writing a paper or report. Next comes the 4 step of prioritizing. Highlight tasks on your list to signify their urgency. Focus only on one item at a time: the others can wait their turn. This list needs to be updated and reviewed 5 .
● Give yourself a break
Taking breaks is good for your brain. Don’t be hard on yourself: you will actually perform better if you take breaks and cultivate a life outside science. This might seem counter-intuitive (违反直觉的) with all those tasks on your list, but solutions to apparently difficult problems can come from a 6 brain — and a brain that can keep things in perspective. During your working day, allow yourself time to think, to be open to new ideas and to chat with others about new methods.
Try to avoid looking at your work e-mails when you are not working. They do not need to be answered until the next working day. The world will not 7 if you delay reading some e-mails.
● Don’t try to chase every great idea
The other side of permitting yourself time to explore 8 ideas, as well as the suggestions of managers and colleagues, is that you are left with a(n) 9 list of new directions to investigate.
Try to distinguish between things that would be nice to have and things that are vital to the 10 of your project, or PhD, on time.
Succeeding against the odds and in the face of time pressure is one of the most valuable experiences you can offer to future employer.
【答案】
1.C 2.E 3.H 4.A 5.I 6.F 7.B 8.J 9.D 10.K
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了科学家更好管理时间的三种方法,包含制定计划、给自己休息时间、不盲目追逐所有好想法,助力科学家提升时间管理效率,保障科研工作有序推进 。
1.考查名词。句意:成为一名优秀的科学家并不一定要成为工作狂,尽管科学家们通常对自己的研究抱有极大的热情,而且经常长时间工作。空格前有形容词great修饰,应填名词,结合“for their research, and frequently work long hours”及选项,名词passion“热情”符合语境,“have great passion for”表示“对……有极大热情”。故填C。
2.考查动词。句意:你所取得的成果的数量和质量在很大程度上取决于你管理时间的效率。空格处作谓语,根据下文“how effectively you manage your time”及“Here are some tips on how to better manage your time as a scientist.”可知,此处指“取得的成果的数量和质量在很大程度上取决于你管理时间的效率”,动词短语depend on意为“取决于”,符合语境,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为the amount and quality,谓语动词用原形depend。故填E。
3.考查形容词。句意:考虑将你的日程表分成若干时间段,专门用于特定的任务。空格处作定语修饰time,结合句意及选项,devoted“专门用于……的”符合语境,be devoted to表示“致力于,专门用于”,此处用过去分词作定语。故填H。
4.考查形容词。句意:接下来是至关重要的优先级排序步骤。空格处修饰名词step,作定语,结合句意及选项,形容词crucial“至关重要的”符合语境,强调优先级排序的重要性。故填A。
5.考查副词。句意:这个清单需要定期更新和审查。空格处修饰动词updated and reviewed,应填副词作状语,结合句意及选项,regularly“定期地”符合语境,表示定期更新审查清单。故填I。
6.考查形容词。句意:这似乎与你清单上的所有任务背道而驰,但看似困难的问题的解决方案可能来自一个恢复活力的大脑——一个能够客观看待事物的大脑。空格处修饰名词brain,作定语,结合前文“taking breaks”可知,休息后大脑会恢复活力,形容词refreshed“恢复活力的”符合语境。故填F。
7.考查动词。句意:如果你推迟阅读一些电子邮件,世界不会崩溃。空格处作谓语,根据上文“They do not need to be answered until the next working day.”以及空后“if you delay reading some e-mails.”可知,此处指推迟看邮件不会造成严重后果。动词collapse“崩溃,崩塌”符合语境,表示“世界不会崩塌”,will not后跟动词原形,故填B。
8.考查形容词。句意:允许自己有时间探索各种想法,以及管理者和同事的建议,另一方面是你会有一个不断增加的新研究方向清单。空格处修饰名词ideas,作定语,根据小标题中“chase every great idea”以及下文“list of new directions”可知,此处指探索不同的想法,形容词varying“不同的,多样化的”符合语境。故填J。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:让自己有时间去探索各种想法、听取经理和同事建议的另一面是你将面临一个越来越长的新研究方向清单。空格处修饰名词list,根据小标题中“chase every great idea”以及上文“ideas, as well as the suggestions of managers and colleagues”可知,探索各种想法以及听取管理者和同事的建议,会让自己要新的调查方向的清单不断变长,动词lengthen“变长”符合语境,名词list与lengthen之间为主动关系,且表示动词正在进行,用现在分词lengthening作前置定语,表示清单上的内容在不断增加。故填D。
10.考查名词。句意:试着把那些可有可无的事情和那些对按时完成你的项目或博士学位至关重要的事情区分开来。空格处前有定冠词the修饰,应填名词,结合句意及选项,delivery“交付,完成”符合语境,此处表示项目或博士学位的按时完成。故填K。
Unit 2 Volunteering词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
英文
音标
中文
volunteer
/ˌvɒlən'tɪə/
n. 义务工作者;志愿者
v. 自愿做;义务做
cheetah
/'tʃɪ:tə/
n. 猎豹△
threat
/θret/
n. 坏事发生的可能
purchase
/'pɜːtʃɪs/
v. 买;购买;采购
n. 购买;采购
collar
/'kɒlə/
n. (动物,尤指狗的) 颈圈;衣领;领子
earn
/ɜːn/
v. 挣得;赚得;挣钱
lemonade
/ˌlemə'neɪd/
n. 柠檬饮料△
donate
/dəʊ'neɪt/
v. (尤指向慈善机构) 捐赠,赠送
wildlife
/'waɪldlaɪf/
n. 野生动物;野生生物△
organisation
/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
n. 组织;团体;机构
twin
/twɪn/
n. 孪生儿之一;双胞胎之一
launch
/lɔːntʃ/
v. 启动;推出;发起
database
/'deɪtəˌbeɪs/
n. (贮存在计算机中的) 数据库,资料库
shelter
/'ʃeltə/
n. (无家可归者或受虐待者的) 收容所,庇护所;居所;住处
urban
/'ɜːbən/
adj. 城市的;都市的;城镇的
request
/rɪ'kwest/
v. (礼貌或正式地) 请求,要求;(正式或礼貌的) 要求,请求
plastic
/'plæstɪk/
n. 塑料
march
/mɑːtʃ/
n. 示威游行;抗议游行
county
/'kaʊntɪ/
n. (英国、爱尔兰的) 郡;(美国的) 县
campaign
/kæm'peɪn/
n. 运动 (为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)
promote
/prə'məʊt/
v. 促进;推动
reusable
/ˌrɪ:'juːzəbl/
adj. 可重复使用的;可再次使用的△
urge
/ɜːdʒ/
v. 敦促;催促;力劝
movement
/'mu:vmənt/
n. (具有共同思想或目标的) 运动
gallery
/'gælərɪ/
n. (艺术作品的) 陈列室,展览馆;画廊
emperor
/'empərə/
n. 皇帝
brick
/brɪk/
n. 砖;砖块
latest
/'leɪtɪst/
adj. 最近的;最新的△
make a difference
——
有作用,关系,影响
base on/upon
——
以… 为基础 (或根据)
hang around
——
(在某处附近) 等待,逗留,闲荡
Seattle
/sɪ'ætl/
西雅图 [美国华盛顿州西部港市]
Namibia
/nə'mɪ:bɪə/
纳米比亚 [非洲西南部国家]
Orange County
/'ɒrɪndʒ 'kaʊntɪ/
奥兰治县 [美国加利福尼亚州南部城市]
the Forbidden City
/ðə fə'bɪdn 'sɪtɪ/
紫禁城 (指北京市旧内城中央故宫城区,城内为明清两代帝王的宫殿)
the Palace Museum
/ðə 'pæləs mju'zɪ:əm/
故宫博物院 (位于紫禁城内)
B 部分
英文
音标
中文
boarding school
——
寄宿学校△
orphanage
/'ɔːfənɪdʒ/
n. 孤儿院△
pickup
/'pɪkʌp/
adj. (NAmE) 临时拼凑的;临时组织的△
soccer
/'sɒkər/
n. (BrE also football) 足球运动
mission
/'mɪʃən/
n. 官方使命;使团的使命
educated
/'edjukeɪtɪd/
adj. 受过良好教育 (或训练) 的;有教养的
deliver
/dɪ'lɪvə/
v. 履行诺言;不负所望;兑现
construction
/kənˈstrʌkʃn/
n. 建筑;建造;施工
undo
/ʌn'du:/
v. 消除;取消;废止 (某事的影响);打开;解开;拆开△
structure
/'strʌktʃə/
n. 结构体;(尤指) 建筑物;结构;构造
hire
/haɪə/
v. 临时雇用;(especially NAmE) 聘用;雇用
awkward
/'ɔːkwəd/
adj. 令人尴尬的;使人难堪的
failure
/'feɪljə/
n. 失败
styling
/'staɪlɪŋ/
n. (发型的) 修剪,造型△
band
/bænd/
n. 带;箍
logical
/'lɒdʒɪkəl/
adj. 必然的;合乎情理的;合乎常理的
fashionable
/'fæʃənəbəl/
adj. 流行的;时兴的;时髦的
crisp
/krɪsp/
adj. 洁净的;挺括的;脆的;酥脆的△
Tanzanian
/ˌtænzə'nɪ:ən/
adj. 坦桑尼亚的;坦桑尼亚人的△
uniform
/'juːnɪfɔːm/
n. 制服;校服
regular
/'regjələ(r)/
adj. usual 通常的;平常的;惯常的
crop
/krɒp/
v. 剪短
n. 庄稼;作物
regulate
/'regjuleɪt/
v. (用规则条例) 约束,控制,管理△
official
/ə'fɪʃəl/
n. 要员;官员;高级职员;公务的;公职的;公事的
haircut
/'heəkʌt/
n. 发型;发式△
productivity
/ˌprɒdʌk'tɪvɪtɪ/
n. 生产率;生产效率△
resource
/rɪ'sɔːs/
n. 有助于实现目标的东西;资料;资源;财力
criticize
/'krɪtɪsaɪz/
v. (BrE also -ise) 批评;批判;挑剔;指责
intention
/ɪnˈtenʃn/
n. 打算;计划;意图;目的
assume
/ə'sjuːm/
v. 假定;假设;认为
consist of
——
由… 组成 (或构成)
lead up to
——
是… 的先导;是导致… 的原因
off the track
——
偏离正道,离题,偏离目标;出错
Tanzania
/ˌtænzə'nɪ:ə/
坦桑尼亚 (东非国家)
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
(1) volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做→voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的→volunteering n. 志愿服务
(2) purchase v. 买;购买 n. 购买→purchaser n. 购买者;买主
(3) earn v. 挣得;赚得→earnings n. 收入;所得→earnable adj. 可赚得的
(4) donate v. 捐赠,赠送→donation n. 捐赠;捐款→donor n. 捐赠者
(5) organisation n. 组织;团体→organise v. 组织;安排→organiser n. 组织者→organizational adj. 组织的
(6) launch v. 启动;推出;发起→launching n. 启动;发射→launcher n. 发射器
(7) promote v. 促进;推动→promotion n. 推广;晋升→promotive adj. 促进的;奖励的
(8) educate v.(词源关联 educated)→educated adj. 受过良好教育的→education n. 教育
(9) construct v.(词源关联 construction)→construction n. 建筑;建造→constructive adj. 建设性的→constructor n. 建造者
(10) fail v.(词源关联 failure)→failure n. 失败→failed adj. 失败的;未实现的
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
make a difference
有作用,关系,影响
base on/upon
以… 为基础 (或根据)
hang around
(在某处附近) 等待,逗留,闲荡
consist of
由… 组成 (或构成)
lead up to
是… 的先导;是导致… 的原因
off the track
偏离正道,离题,偏离目标;出错
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
补全句子翻译,其中有一个多余项
A. volunteer B. donate C. promote D. purchase E. urge F. campaign
G. request H. earn I. shelter J. organize K. fashionable
(1)Many students ______ at the local hospital during summer vacation.(很多学生暑假在当地医院做志愿者。)
(2)People are encouraged to ______ old clothes and books to those in need.(鼓励人们向有需要的人捐赠旧衣物和书籍。)
(3)The government launched a project to ______ environmental protection.(政府启动了一个项目来推广环境保护。)
(4)I plan to ______ a new laptop before the new school year starts.(我计划在新学年开始前买一台新笔记本电脑。)
(5)Teachers always ______ us to read more classic works.(老师总是敦促我们多阅读经典作品。)
(6)They started a ______ to raise money for homeless children.(他们发起了一场为无家可归儿童筹款的活动。)
(7)The company received a ______ for more detailed product information.(公司收到了一份要求提供更详细产品信息的请求。)
(8)She ______ extra money by doing part-time jobs after work.(她下班后做兼职赚取额外收入。)
(9)This building serves as a ______ for people affected by the flood.(这座建筑是受洪水影响人群的避难所。)
(10)We need to ______ a meeting to discuss the upcoming event.(我们需要组织一次会议来讨论即将到来的活动。)
Keys:
1-5:volunteer; donate; promote; purchase; urge
6-10: campaign; request; earn; shelter; organize
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.started B.serving C. rewarding D.recycle E. promoting F. pick
G. purchase H. opportunity I. donating J. created K. access
Amazing Kids of the Month — Hannah and Alexander Laman
Hannah and Alexander Laman, 11-year-old twins from Ohio love reading. They both love reading so much that it is almost impossible to 11 a favourite book. “I have many favourite books. If I had to select one, it would be Believe It or Not”, Hannah said.
So when these two young bookworms heard that some children didn’t have 12 to books, they believed that was a problem they just couldn’t ignore. In 2011, they 13 Adopt A Book, an organization that donates books to schools and programmes in need. “We wanted to make a difference because we love reading lots of books,” Alexander said. They 14 by sharing their own books, and then the organization grew by taking book donations from others.
So far, the twins’ organization has donated over 45,000 books to schools, and programmes 15 children in need from Cincinnati to as far away as Zimbabwe.
With a successful book- 16 organization that just keeps expanding, what’s ahead for these two? Well, they’ve already started it! Hannah and Alexander are 17 literacy for children through their Little Free Library.
“The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book,” the twins’ mum Angela explained. “This has encouraged many kids and adults to 18 their reading materials and also encourage others to read.”
The twins have received many rewards through promoting literacy. “Other kids have the 19 to read and own books of their own. That’s the most 20 part of sharing books with others,” said Hannah.
Maybe you want to start small. Collect gently-used books from your home that you don’t need anymore, and donate them to Adopt A Book. Any little bit that you can do truly makes a difference!
【答案】
11.F 12.K 13.J 14.A 15.B 16.I 17.E 18.D 19.H 20.C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了双胞胎Hannah和Alexander因热爱阅读而创立了Adopt A Book组织,通过捐赠书籍帮助有需要的儿童,目前已捐赠超过4.5万本书,并设立免费的小型图书馆进一步促进儿童识字。
11.考查动词。句意:他们都非常喜欢阅读,几乎不可能选出一本最喜欢的书。空处构成不定式,作真正的主语,根据下文的“If I had to select one”可知,F项pick“挑选”符合题意,指选出一本最喜欢的书。故选F。
12.考查名词。句意:因此,当这两个年轻的书虫听说有些孩子没有机会读书时,他们认为这是一个他们不能忽视的问题。空处作have的宾语,根据下文“an organization that donates books to schools and programmes in need”可知,他们的组织是捐赠书籍的,K项access“获得的机会”符合题意,短语have access to“接近,可以使用”,指有些孩子没有机会读书。故选K。
13.考查动词。句意:2011年,他们创立了Adopt A Book组织,向有需要的学校和项目捐赠书籍。空处作谓语,根据空后的宾语“Adopt A Book, an organization”可推知,J项created“创立,创建”符合题意,指创立了该组织。故选J。
14.考查动词。句意:他们从分享自己的书开始,然后这个组织通过接受别人捐赠的书而发展起来。空处作谓语,空后无宾语,根据下文“and then the organization grew by taking book donations from others”可推知,A项started“开始”符合题意,指从分享自己的书开始。故选A。
15.考查动词。句意:到目前为止,这对双胞胎的组织已经向学校和项目捐赠了超过4.5万本书,服务于从辛辛那提到遥远的津巴布韦的有需要的儿童。空处是非谓语,根据空后的“children in need”可推知,B项serving“服务”符合题意,指服务于有需要的儿童。故选B。
16.考查动词。句意:随着一个成功的捐书组织不断扩大,这两位的未来是什么?空处和book构成修饰organization的定语,根据上文“an organization that donates books to schools and programmes in need”可知,I项donating“捐赠”符合题意,指成功的捐书组织。故选I。
17.考查动词。句意:Hannah和Alexander正在通过他们的Little Free Library促进儿童识字。空处和are构成谓语,根据下文“The twins have received many rewards through promoting literacy.”可知,E项promoting“促进”符合题意,指促进儿童识字。故选E。
18.考查动词。句意:这鼓励了许多孩子和成年人再利用他们的阅读材料,也鼓励了其他人阅读。空处构成不定式,作宾语补足语,根据上文“The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book”可推知,D项recycle“再利用”符合题意,指鼓励再利用他们的阅读材料。故选D。
19.考查名词。句意:其他孩子有机会阅读并拥有自己的书。空处作have的宾语,根据上文“The library is free and you can take a book and leave a book”可推知,H项opportunity“机会”符合题意,指有机会阅读并拥有自己的书。故选H。
20.考查形容词。句意:这是与他人分享书籍最有意义的部分。空处构成形容词最高级,作修饰part的定语,根据上文“ The twins have received many rewards through promoting literacy.”和空后的“sharing books with others”可推知,C项rewarding“有意义的,值得的”符合题意,指最有意义的部分。故选C。
Unit 3 Adventuring 词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
endurance
/ɪn'djuərəns/
n. 忍耐力;耐久力△
advertisement
/əd'vɜːtɪsmənt/
n. 广告;启事
hazardous
/'hæzədəs/
adj. 危险的;有害的△
wage
/weɪdʒ/
n. (通常指按周领的) 工资,工钱
explorer
/ɪk'splɔːrə/
n. 探险者;勘探者
via
/'vaɪə/
prep. 经由,经过 (某一地方)△
pole
/pəʊl/
n. (行星的) 极;地极
expedition
/ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/
n. 远征;探险;考察△
exceptionally
/ɪk'sepʃənəlɪ/
adv. (用于形容词和副词之前表示强调) 罕见,特别,非常
stuck
/stʌk/
adj. 动不了;无法移动;卡住;陷住△
freezing
/'frɪ:zɪŋ/
adj. 极冷的
disaster
/dɪ'zɑːstə/
n. 灾难;灾祸;灾害
melt
/melt/
v. (使) 熔化,融化△
crew
/kru:/
n. (轮船、飞机等上面的) 全体工作人员
abandon
/ə'bændən/
v. (不得已而) 舍弃,丢弃,离开;(不顾责任、义务等) 离弃,遗弃,抛弃
sink
/sɪŋk/
v. 下沉;下陷;沉没
survive
/sə'vaɪv/
v. 生存;存活;继续存在;幸存;幸免于难;渡过难关
float
/fləʊt/
v. 浮;漂浮;浮动;漂流;飘动;飘移△
lifeboat
/'laɪfbəʊt/
n. (船上备用的) 救生艇;(派往海上救助的) 救生艇,救生船
exhausted
/ɪg'zɔːstɪd/
adj. 筋疲力尽的;疲惫不堪的;用完的;耗尽的;枯竭的△
rescue
/'reskjuː/
n. 救援;营救;抢救;获救
v. 营救;援救;抢救
Norwegian
/nɔː'wɪ:dʒən/
adj. 挪威的;挪威人的;挪威语的△
whaling
/'weɪlɪŋ/
n. 捕鲸 (业);鲸加工 (业)
exhausting
/ɪg'zɔːstɪŋ/
adj. 使人疲惫不堪的;令人筋疲力尽的△
march
/mɑːtʃ/
v. (坚定地向某地) 前进,进发
continuously
/kən'tɪnjuəslɪ/
adv. 不断地;持续地;连续地△
tent
/tent/
n. 帐篷;帐棚△
starve
/stɑːv/
v. (使) 捱饿,饿死
frozen
/'frəʊzn/
adj. 冻僵;极冷
Chilean
/'tʃɪlɪən/
adj. 智利的;智利人的△
sail
/seɪl/
v. (船) 航行;(人) 乘船航行
n. 帆
continent
/'kɒntɪnənt/
n. 大陆;陆地;洲
bury
/'berɪ/
v. 埋葬;安葬
exceptional
/ɪk'sepʃənəl/
adj. 杰出的;优秀的;卓越的
leadership
/'lɪ:dəʃɪp/
n. 领导才能;领导应有的品质;领导;领导地位
unbelievable
/ˌʌnbɪ'lɪ:vəbəl/
adj. 非常好 (或坏、极端) 的;难以置信的;惊人的;难以相信的△
set out
——
出发;动身;启程
Ernest Shackleton
/'ɜːnɪst 'ʃækltən/
欧内斯特・沙克尔顿 (1874-1922,英国探险家)
the Endurance
/ðə ɪn'djuərəns/
坚忍号 (船名)
Antarctica
/æn'tɑːktɪkə/
南极洲
the Weddell Sea
/ðə 'wedəl 'sɪ:/
威德尔海 (南极洲的边缘海,在南极半岛同科茨地之间)
the Ross Sea
/ðə 'rɒs 'sɪ:/
罗斯海 (在南极洲的阿德尔角和科耳贝克角之间,全年覆有冰层,多冰山)
the South Pole
/ðə 'saʊθ 'pəʊl/
南极;(地球的) 南磁极
Elephant Island
/'elɪfənt 'aɪlənd/
象岛 [南极洲南极半岛东北部]
South Georgia
/'saʊθ 'dʒɔːdʒə/
南乔治亚岛南大西洋南部
B 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
voyage
/'vɔɪɪdʒ/
n. 航行;(尤指) 航海,航天△
impression
/ɪm'preʃən/
n. 影响;效果;印象;感想
sailor
/'seɪlə/
n. 水手;海员
dive
/daɪv/
v. 下潜;潜到更深的水下;跳水 (头和双臂先入水)
depth
/depθ/
n. 向下的距离;深 (度);纵深
resolution
/ˌrezə'lu:ʃən/
n. 决心;决定
resolve
/rɪ'zɒlv/
v. 决心;决定;解决 (问题或困难)
desperate
/'despərɪt/
adj. 极严重的;极危险的;很危急的;(因绝望而) 不惜冒险的,不顾一切的,拼命的
plainly
/'pleɪnlɪ/
adv. 清晰地;明显地;清楚地
soundness
/saʊndnɪs/
adj. 明智;可靠△
observation
/ˌɒbzə'veɪʃən/
n. (尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的) 评论
expose
/ɪk'spəʊz/
v. 使面临,使遭受 (危险或不快);暴露;显露;露出
shore
/ʃɔː/
n. (海洋、湖泊等大水域的) 岸,滨
last
/lɑ:st/
v. 持续;继续;延续
indeed
/ɪn'dɪ:d/
adv. 其实;实际上
afterwards
/ˈɑːftəwədz/
adv. (especially BrE) 后来;然后△
calm
/kɑːm/
adj. (海洋) 风平浪静的
sea-sick
/sɪ:-sɪk/
adj. 晕船△
charming
/'tʃɑːmɪŋ/
adj. 令人着迷的;迷人的;吸引人的△
perfectly
/'pɜːfɪktlɪ/
adv. 完全地;非常;十分△
rough
/rʌf/
adj. 汹涌的;风浪很大的;粗糙的;不平滑的;高低不平的△
persuade
/pə'sweɪd/
v. 劝说;说服
clap
/klæp/
v. (常指友好地) 轻拍某人的背 (或肩);鼓掌,拍手 (表示赞许或欣赏)
frightened
/'fraɪtnd/
adj. 惊吓的;受惊的;害怕的
freshwater
/'freʃwɔːtə/
adj. (尤指还没有航海经验的水手) 不熟练的;缺乏经验的△
clear up
——
转晴;放晴;变晴朗
die away
——
逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失
come up (to sb)
——
(为攀谈而) 走到跟前,走近
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1. endurance n. 忍耐力;耐久力→endure v. 忍受;持续→enduring adj. 持久的;不朽的
2. advertisement n. 广告;启事→advertise v. 做广告;宣传→advertiser n. 广告商→advertising n. 广告业
3. explorer n. 探险者;勘探者→explore v. 勘探;探索→exploration n. 探索;勘探
4. expedition n. 远征;探险→expedite v. 加快;促进→expeditious adj. 迅速的;高效的
5. survive v. 生存;幸存→survival n. 生存;幸存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者
6. rescue n. 救援;营救 v. 营救→rescuer n. 救援者;救助者
7. exhaust v.(词源关联 exhausted/exhausting)→exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的→exhausting adj. 使人疲惫的→exhaustion n. 疲惫;耗尽
8. abandon v. 舍弃,丢弃→abandoned adj. 被遗弃的→abandonment n. 遗弃;放弃
9. resolve v. 决心;决定;解决→resolution n. 决心;决议→resolved adj. 坚决的;下定决心的
10. observe v.(词源关联 observation)→observation n. 评论;观察→observant adj. 善于观察的→observer n. 观察者
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
set out
出发;动身;启程
clear up
转晴;放晴;变晴朗
die away
逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊;逐渐消失
come up (to sb)
(为攀谈而) 走到跟前,走近
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
补全句子翻译,其中有一个多余项
A. expedition B. survive C. abandon D. rescue E. endurance F. disaster
G. freeze H. sail I. explore J. exhaust K. march
(1)The team set off on a dangerous ______ to the North Pole.(这支队伍出发前往北极进行一次危险的探险。)
(2)Only a few people managed to ______ the terrible earthquake.(只有少数人在那场可怕的地震中幸存下来。)
(3)The crew had to ______ the sinking ship and get on the lifeboats.(船员们不得不放弃正在下沉的船,登上救生艇。)
(4)The local police sent a team to ______ the hikers lost in the mountain.(当地警方派出一支队伍去营救在山里迷路的徒步旅行者。)
(5)Long-distance running requires great physical ______ and mental strength.(长跑需要极强的体力耐力和意志力。)
(6)The heavy rain caused a natural ______ in the southern part of the country.(暴雨在该国南部引发了一场自然灾害。)
(7)The temperature dropped so low that the river began to ______.(气温降得很低,河水开始结冰。)
(8)They decided to ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in a small boat.(他们决定乘小船横渡大西洋。)
(9)Scientists want to ______ the unknown areas of the deep sea.(科学家们想要探索深海的未知区域。)
(10)After a whole day’s work, he felt completely ______.(工作了一整天后,他感到筋疲力尽。)
Keys:
1-5:expedition; survive; abandon; rescue; endurance
6-10: disaster; freeze; sail; explore; exhausted
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.alarming B.carbon-intensive C. durability D.glued E. labels F. man-made
G. exceed H. sample I. redefine J. emissions K. share
How sustainable are your sneakers?
Over the last five years the sneaker industry has grown rapidly and shows no sign of slowing down. The global athletic footwear market is expected to 21 95 billion (USD) by 2025. According to the World Footwear Yearbook, over 24 billion pairs of shoes are produced annually. Among them sneakers account for the largest 22 . What are the environmental impacts of the rapidly growing sneaker industry?
Sneaker production is very 23 . A typical pair of running shoes produces about 13.6 kilograms of CO2 emissions which is unusually high for a product that does not use electricity or require power-driving components.
These 24 mainly come from manufacturing. The majority of sneakers are made from plastic and/or plastic-like materials. All these petroleum-derived plastics produce a(n) 25 number of carbon dioxide.
Then why don’t we move away from the use of plastic? Since sneakers have to endure much more than a regular pair of shoes, the aspect of their 26 is very important when it comes to their overall performance. Unfortunately, 27 materials hold up better than natural ones. Plastic has made shoes better, lighter, faster, more comfortable, and more accessible to everyone worldwide. Another issue with sneakers today is that most of them are made by using a combination of different plastics 28 in a very complicated way, making them very hard to recycle.
The footwear industry is at least 10 years behind the rest of fashion in terms of environmental standards. Seven out of ten brands are having discussions on sustainability, yet only 40% of companies have a sustainability program in place. Big industry players (such as Adidas and Nike) and some smaller 29 are trying to reduce their carbon footprint in different ways.
Considering that close to 25 billion pairs of shoes were produced worldwide in the last year, it is clear that immediate action is very important. It is my hope that we consumers will 30 our relationship with fashion and think about the environmental impact of our shopping habits.
【答案】
21.G 22.K 23.B 24.J 25.A 26.C 27.F 28.D 29.E 30.I
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了运动鞋产业的快速增长及其对环境的影响,指出运动鞋生产过程中的高碳排放问题,以及行业在环保标准上的滞后,呼吁消费者重新思考与时尚的关系,关注购物习惯对环境的影响。
21.考查动词。句意:到2025年,全球运动鞋市场预计将超过950亿美元。分析句子可知,空格处需填谓语动词,主语为market,宾语为具体数值,exceed,意为“超过”,对应“场规模达到某一数值”的语境。故选G项。
22.考查名词。句意:其中,运动鞋占最大份额。根据“account for”可知,空格处需填表示“比例”的名词,share“份额”符合句意,与largest搭配表示“占比最大”。故选K项。
23.考查形容词。句意:运动鞋的生产是高碳密集型的。分析句子可知,空格处作表语,根据下文“A typical pair of running shoes produces about 13.6 kilograms of CO2 emissions which is unusually high for a product that does not use electricity or require power-driving components.”可知,形容词carbon-intensive“碳密集型的”符合句意。故选B项。
24.考查名词。句意:这些排放主要来自制造业。根据前文“CO2 emissions”可知,空格处应填名词,emissions“排放”为名词复数,符合句意。故选J项。
25.考查形容词。句意:所有这些石油衍生的塑料都会产生惊人的二氧化碳量。alarming“惊人的”修饰number,强调塑料导致的碳排放量之大,符合“环境影响”的主题。故选A项。
26.考查名词。句意:由于运动鞋需要比普通鞋子承受更多磨损,因此耐用性对其整体性能至关重要。根据“endure much more”可知,空格处需填表示“耐穿性”的名词,durability“耐用性”符合逻辑。故选C项。
27.考查形容词。句意:不幸的是,人造材料比天然材料更耐用。分析句子可知,空格处应填形容词修饰materials,man-made“人造的”为形容词,符合句意,呼应后文natural。故选F项。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:另一个问题是,大多数运动鞋是由不同塑料以非常复杂的方式粘合而成,这使得它们很难回收。分析句子可知,空格处应填过去分词作后置定语修饰plastics,根据“a combination of different plastics”可知,过去分词glued“粘合”,符合句意。故选D项。
29.考查名词。句意:大型行业参与者(如阿迪达斯和耐克)和一些较小的品牌正试图以不同的方式减少碳足迹。分析句子可知,空格处应填名词和players并列,labels“品牌”为名词复数,符合句意,呼应上文“such as Adidas and Nike”。故选E项。
30.考查动词。句意:我希望我们消费者能重新定义我们与时尚的关系,并思考我们购物习惯对环境的影响。分析句子可知,空格处应填谓语动词原形与will构成一般将来时,根据“and think about the environmental impact of our shopping habits”可知,我们应重新定义我们与时尚的关系,redefine“重新定义”为动词,符合句意。故选I项。
Unit 4 Future Living 词汇表
知识点1 读单词、识词义
A 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
dome
/dəʊm/
n. 穹顶;圆屋顶△
proof
/pru:f/
adj. (构成复合词) 防… 的;抗… 的
n. 证据;证明
solar-powered
/'səʊlə-'paʊəd/
adj. 以太阳能为动力的△
dust
/dʌst/
v. 擦去… 的灰尘;擦灰
n. 沙土;尘土
iron
/'aɪən/
v. (用熨斗) 熨,烫平
n. 熨斗
energy
/'enədʒɪ/
n. 能源
equivalent
/ɪ'kwɪvələnt/
adj. (价值、数量、意义、重要性等) 相等的,相同的△
ring
/rɪŋ/
n. (especially BrE) 炉口;灶盘△
ski
/skɪ:/
v. 滑雪 (运动)
nestle
/'nesəl/
v. 坐落 (于安全、隐蔽之处);依偎;舒适地坐 (或卧)△
gigantic
/dʒaɪ'gæntɪk/
adj. 巨大的;庞大的△
surround
/sə'raʊnd/
v. 围绕;环绕
lush
/lʌʃ/
adj. (植物、花园等) 茂盛的;茂密的△
shrub
/ʃrʌb/
n. 灌木△
flit
/flɪt/
v. 轻快地从一处到另一处;掠过△
roof-top
/ru:f-tɒp/
n. 外屋顶△
constant
/'kɒnstənt/
adj. 不变的;固定的;恒定的
loft
/lɒft/
n. (especially BrE) 阁楼,顶楼 (常用以贮物,间或作房间)△
roof
/ru:f/
n. 顶部;屋顶
border
/'bɔːdə/
n. (花园)(草坪边等的) 狭长花坛;国界;边界;边疆;边界地区
lawn
/lɔːn/
n. 草坪;草地△
normally
/'nɔːməlɪ/
adv. 通常;正常情况下;正常地;平常地
fancy
/'fænsɪ/
v. (BrE, informal) 想要;想做
solar panel
——
太阳能电池板
space-age
/speɪs-eɪdʒ/
adj. (尤指样式或技术) 太空时代的;非常先进的△
butler
/'bʌtlə/
n. 男管家△
oversee
/ˌəʊvə'sɪ:/
v. 监督;监视△
security
/sɪ'kjuərɪtɪ/
n. 保护措施;安全工作
discreet
/dɪ'skrɪ:t/
adj. (言行) 谨慎的,考虑周到的△
servant
/'sɜːvənt/
n. 仆人
humidity
/hjuː'mɪdɪtɪ/
n. (空气中的) 湿度△
lighting
/'laɪtɪŋ/
n. 照明;灯光;布光△
gadget
/'gædʒɪt/
n. 小器具;小装置△
chore
/tʃɔː/
n. 日常事务;例行工作△
crossword
/'krɒswɜːd/
n. 纵横字谜;纵横填字游戏△
button
/'bʌtn/
n. (机器的) 按钮;钮扣;扣子
forwards
/ˈfɔːwədz/
adv. 向前
integrated
/'ɪntɪgreɪtɪd/
adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的;完整统一的
laundry
/'lɔːndrɪ/
n. (家庭﹑旅馆等的) 洗衣房;要 (或正在) 洗的衣物;刚洗好的衣物△
easy-care
/'ɪ:zɪ-keə/
adj. (衣服或布料) 免熨烫的△
fabric
/'fæbrɪk/
n. 织物;布料
socket
/'sɒkɪt/
n. (电源) 插座△
attach
/ə'tætʃ/
v. 把… 固定,把… 附 (在… 上)
electrical
/ɪ'lektrɪkəl/
adj. 电的;用电的;电动的;发电的
appliance
/ə'plaɪəns/
n. (家用) 电器,器具△
old-fashioned
/əʊld-'fæʃənd/
adj. 陈旧的;过时的;不时髦的△
duster
/'dʌstə/
n. 抹布;擦布;掸子
filter
/'fɪltə/
v. 过滤;滤器;过滤器△
scent
/sent/
v. 使具有香味;香味△
perfume
/'pɜːfjuːm/
n. 芳香;香味;馨香△
entrance
/'entrəns/
n. 大门 (口);入口 (处);通道
adventure
/əd'ventʃə/
n. 冒险;冒险经历;奇遇
simulator
/'sɪmjuleɪtə/
n. 模拟装置△
surfing
/'sɜːfɪŋ/
n. 冲浪运动
loathe
/ləʊð/
v. 极不喜欢;厌恶△
for a start
——
(强调一系列理由、意见等的第一条) 首先
on your/the/its way
——
即将去 (或来);就要去 (或来)
B 部分
词汇
音标
词性与释义
automatically
/ˌɔːtə'mætɪklɪ/
adv. 自动地
wardrobe
/'wɔːdrəʊb/
n. 衣柜;衣橱;(英国) 放置衣物的壁橱△
housekeeper
/'haʊsˌkɪ:pə/
n. 管家,杂务主管 (通常为女性)△
nanny
/'nænɪ/
n. (儿童家中的) 保姆△
advertise
/'ædvətaɪz/
v. 做广告;登广告;宣传
reliable
/rɪ'laɪəbəl/
adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的
quantity
/'kwɒntətɪ/
n. 数量;数额;数目
overpopulation
/ˌəʊvəpɒpju'leɪʃən/
n. 人口过剩问题△
room
/ru:m/
n. 可能性;机会
error
/'erə/
n. 错误;差错;谬误
interconnect
/ˌɪntəkə'nekt/
v. (使类似的事物) 相联系,相互联系△
tunnel
/'tʌnl/
n. 地道;隧道△
skyscraper
/'skaɪˌskreɪpə/
n. 摩天大楼△
identical
/aɪ'dentɪkəl/
adj. 完全同样的;相同的
spot
/spɒt/
v. 看见;注意到
lecturer
/'lektʃərə/
n. 讲课者;讲授者;讲演者△
polar bear
——
北极熊;白熊
tap
/tæp/
n. 轻击;轻拍;轻敲;轻扣△
metallic
/mɪ'tælɪk/
adj. 金属般的;有金属味 (或声音)△
echo
/'ekəʊ/
v. 回响;回荡△
recycle
/ˌrɪ:'saɪkəl/
v. 回收利用;再利用
take over (from)
——
占上风;取而代之
Los Angeles
/lɔːs 'ændʒələs/
洛杉矶 [美国加利福尼亚州西南部港市]
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1. proof adj. 防… 的;抗… 的 n. 证据;证明→prove v. 证明;证实→provable adj. 可证明的→proofless adj. 无证据的
2. energy n. 能源→energetic adj. 精力充沛的→energize v. 使充满活力→energy-saving adj. 节能的
3. constant adj. 不变的;固定的→constantly adv. 不断地;时常→constancy n. 恒定性;坚定
4. secure adj.(词源关联 security)→security n. 保护措施;安全→secure v. 保护;获得→securely adv. 安全地
5. attach v. 把… 固定,附→attachment n. 附件;依恋→attached adj. 附加的;依恋的
6. electrical adj. 电的;用电的→electric adj. 电的;电动的→electricity n. 电;电力→electrify v. 使电气化
7. advertise v. 做广告;宣传→advertisement n. 广告→advertising n. 广告活动→advertiser n. 广告客户
8. reliable adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的→rely v. 依靠;信赖→reliance n. 依赖;信赖→reliably adv. 可靠地
9. recycle v. 回收利用;再利用→recycling n. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→recycler n. 回收机;回收者
10. error n. 错误;差错→err v. 犯错;出错→erroneous adj. 错误的;不正确的→error-prone adj. 容易出错的
知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配
英文词组 / 短语
中文释义
for a start
(强调一系列理由、意见等的第一条) 首先
on your/the/its way
即将去 (或来);就要去 (或来)
take over (from)
占上风;取而代之
solar panel
太阳能电池板
考向1 完成句子(本单元词汇巩固)
补全句子翻译,其中有一个多余项
A. solar-powered B. constant C. attach D. recycle E. humidity F. gadget
G. automatic H. secure I. filter J. integrate K. lush
(1)Many families in this area use ______ water heaters to save energy.(这个地区很多家庭使用太阳能热水器来节约能源。)
(2)The machine needs a ______ supply of electricity to work properly.(这台机器需要持续的电力供应才能正常工作。)
(3)Please ______ this document to the email before you send it.(发送邮件前,请把这份文件附件加上。)
(4)We should ______ plastic bottles and paper to reduce waste.(我们应该回收塑料瓶和纸张以减少浪费。)
(5)The high ______ in the room made the walls damp.(房间里的高湿度使墙壁变潮了。)
(6)This new ______ can help you track your daily exercise and sleep.(这款新设备可以帮你记录日常运动和睡眠情况。)
(7)The door has an ______ lock that opens with a fingerprint.(这扇门有一个指纹自动锁。)
(8)Make sure all the windows are ______ before you leave the house.(离开家前,确保所有窗户都锁好。)
(9)The water needs to be ______ before it is safe to drink.(水需要经过过滤才能安全饮用。)
(10)The new system will ______ all the departments into a single network.(新系统将把所有部门整合到一个单一网络中。)
Keys:
1-5:solar-powered; constant; attach; recycle; humidity
6-10: gadget; automatic; secure; filtered; integrate
考向2 选词填空(本单元话题语篇)
Directions: Fill in eat blank with a proper word chosen form the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.arrives B.observable C. boundless. D.contained. E. distancing. F. expansion
G. lies H. parallel I. perceiving J. threads K. volume
What Comes After Space?
Looking at a clear night sky you witness the vastness of space, which holds everything humans know to exist. To find out what 31 beyond a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends. However, the problem is that scientist are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.
The 32 universe
The furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is 46 billion light years (alight year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about 9. 5 million million kilometres). The 33 of space that humans can see is called the visible universe. Beyond this, it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe. Some think that the universe is 34 , meaning space goes on forever in every direction. In this case,there is nothing after space,because space is everything.
Moving further away
Experts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit. Perhaps 35 the limits of the universe would also be possible too, if only humans knew where to go to look for it.
Another challenge is the universe’s rapid 36 . As galaxies move further away their light takes longer to reach us. Eventually, some galaxies may be so distant that their light never 37 . This might imply that any edge— and whatever is on the other side — is increasingly 38 itself from us. Regardless of these uncertainties, scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space.
Many universes?
It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe, and that our universe is just one small part of a “multiverse”. Perhaps our universe is 39 within its own distinct region of space, separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe 40 universes exist pressed tightly against each other. Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge. What comes after that could be an even great mystery.
【答案】
31.G 32.B 33.K 34.C 35.I 36.F 37.A 38.E 39.D 40.H
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。看着晴朗的夜空,你会看到浩瀚的太空,它容纳了人类所知道的一切。太空之后是什么?作者分享了几个有关太空的谜团。
31.考查动词。句意:找到一个好的起点之外的东西就是确定宇宙的终点。分析句子可知,空格处是what引导的宾语从句的谓语动词;根据句中is to determine where the universe ends 可知,此处应用一般现在时态。主语是单数,故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。根据句意,此处指“好的起点之外还有什么”,故选lies。故选G。
32.考查形容词。句意:可观测的宇宙。此处是一个名词短语,空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意,此处指“可观测的宇宙”,故选observable。故选B。
33.考查名词。句意:人类所能看到的空间体积被称为可见宇宙。分析句子可知,空格处应填入名词作主语。根据句意,此处指“体积”,故选volume。故选K。
34.考查形容词。句意:有些人认为宇宙是无边际的,这意味着空间永远朝着各个方向发展。分析句子可知,空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意及句中“meaning space goes on forever in every direction”可知,此处指“无边际的”,故选 boundless。故选C。
35.考查动名词。句意:如果人类知道去哪里寻找宇宙,也许感知宇宙的极限也是可能的。分析句子可知,空格处应填入动名词作主语。根据句意及句中“if only humans knew where to go to look for it”可知,此处指“感知”,故选perceiving 。故选I。
36.考查名词。句意:另一个挑战是宇宙的快速扩张。分析句子可知,空格处应填入名词作表语。根据句意,此处指“扩张”,故选 expansion。故选F。
37.考查动词。句意:最终,一些星系可能离我们太远,以至于它们的光永远不会到达。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文可知,此处应用一般现在时态,且主语 their light 是单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。根据句意,此处指“到达”,故选arrives 。故选A。
38.考查时态。句意:这可能意味着,任何边缘——以及另一边的边缘——都在与我们越来越疏远。根据空前is increasingly可知,空处应填入现在分词,构成现在进行时。根据句意,此处指“与……疏远”,故选distancing。故选E。
39.考查时态语态。句意:也许我们的宇宙包含在它自己独特的空间区域内,与其他宇宙被浩瀚的虚无所分隔。根据空前is可知,空处应填入过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意,此处指“包含”,故选contained。故选D。
40.考查形容词。句意:或者也许平行的宇宙紧紧地压在一起。分析句子可知,空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意,此处指“平行的”,故选 parallel。故选H。
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