Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件- 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Discovering Useful Structure 词性、句子成分及句子结构 Part 1 What makes a sentence? 2 英语十种词性： 名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、感叹词。 1．boy，morning，bag，ball，class，orange—— 名词(noun—n. /naʊn/): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 2．am，is，are，have，see—— 动词(verb—v. /vɜːb/ ): 表示动作或状态。 3．good，right，white，orange—— 形容词(adjective—adj. /ˈædʒɪktɪv/)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 4．now，very，here，often，quietly，slowly—— 副词(adverb—adv. /ˈædvɜːb/): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、 地点、方式、程度等。 5．one，two，three，four first，second，third，fourth—— 数词( numeral—num. /'njʊmərəl/ ): 表示数目【基数词】或事物的顺序【序数词】。 英语十种词性： 名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、感叹词。 6．in，on，from，above，behind—— 介词(preposition—prep. /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/ ): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 7．a，an，the—— 冠词(article—art. /ˈɑːtɪkl/)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。 8．and，but，before—— 连词(conjunction—conj. /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/): 用来连接词、短语或句子。9．who，she，you，it—— 代词(pronoun—pron. /ˈprəʊnaʊn/): 主要用来代替名词。 10．oh，well，hi，hello—— 感叹词(interjection—interj. /ˌɪntəˈdʒekʃn/)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。 英语十种词性： 名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词；介词、冠词、连词、代词；感叹词。 6 种英语实词： （有实义，有词性变化，在句中可独立担任句子成分）： 名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词 4 种英语虚词： （起结构作用，在句中表明词和词或句子中各个部分的关系） 冠词、介词、连词和感叹词 一、十大词类 分类 名称 缩写 意义 重要考点 实词 名词 n. 命名万事万物：分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词可分为__________和__________ 可数名词变复数、常见不可数名词、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化 代词 pron. 代名词： __________、 __________、 __________、 __________等 各种代词的用法；it的用法 动词 v. 表动作或状态：包括 __________、 __________、__________和 __________ 谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；非谓语动词 形容词 adj. 修饰__________或__________ 形容词变副词；形容词、副词的比较级和最高级；动词、名词变形容词；易混形容词副词辨析 副词 adv. 修饰__________、__________、__________或__________ 数词 num. 表数量/顺序：分为 __________和 __________ 基数词和序数词的用法 可数名词 不可数名词 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 行为动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 名词 代词 动词 形容词 另外一个副词 整个句子 基数词 序数词 6 一、十大词性 分类 名称 缩写 意义 重要考点 虚词 介词 prep. 介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面 介词的用法及搭配 连词 conj. 分为 __________和 __________ 并列连词和从句连词的用法 冠词 art. 用于 __________前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词 冠词的用法及搭配 感叹词 int. 表语气 了解 实词可以____________________，虚词不可以____________________ 名词 动名词 代词 宾语从句 并列连词 从句连词 名词 单独做句子成分 单独做句子成分 7 一、十大词性 分类 名称 缩写 意义 重要考点 虚词 介词 prep. 介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________和__________的前面 介词的用法及搭配 连词 conj. 分为 __________和 __________ 并列连词和从句连词的用法 冠词 art. 用于 __________前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词 冠词的用法及搭配 感叹词 int. 表语气 了解 实词可以____________________，虚词不可以____________________ 名词 动名词doing 代词 宾语从句 并列连词 从句连词 名词 单独做句子成分 单独做句子成分 8 回顾词性的英文缩写 缩写字母 原词 代表词性 adj. adjective 形容词 adv. adverb 副词 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 prep. preposition 介词 conj conjunction 连词 pron. pronoun 代词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 art. article 冠词 句子成分 主语S (subject) 谓语V (verb) 表语P (predicative) 宾语O (object) 定语 (attribute) 状语A (adverbial) 宾补C (object complement) We made him our monitor yesterday. Sally is a hard-working girl. 句子成分是什么？包括什么？ 主 谓 宾 表 定 补 状 句子成分=组成句子的各个成分。 Hi! Hi! I make new friends here! I make new friends here. Can you analyse the structure of this sentence? 主语 谓语动词 宾语 状语 I love you. You love me. love is everything. Swimming is good for our health. 句子的主角，动作的发出者，可以是人，可以是物品 S: 主语 找出主语： 主语一般位于句子的 ，动词的 。 一句话里 （能/不能）没有主语。 句首 前面 不能 结合例句说一下充当主语的通常是什么 14 主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者，是一个句子所叙述的主体。名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等都可作主语。 名词 The apple is red. 这个苹果是红色的。 代词 Nobody can help you but yourself. 只有你自己才能帮助你。 数词 Four and five makes nine. 四加五等于九。 名词化的形容词 The sick and the old need our help. 病人和老人需要我们的帮助。 不定式（短语） To become a nurse is my wish. 成为一名护士是我的心愿。 动名词（短语） Running is good for health. 跑步有益于健康。 从句 That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble. 他忘了告诉我会议的时间带来了很多麻烦。 S 主语 Subject 用来描述主语的动作，状态 谓语通常是动词。 V: 谓语 找出谓语： I love you. love is everything. Swimming is good for our health. I like swimmimg. 谓语一般位于主语的 。 一句话里 （能/不能）没有谓语。 谓语通常是 或 。 后面 不能 动词 动词短语 1. I don't like this dirty room. 2. I found my classmates kind and friendly. 3. There will be a lecture tomorrow. 找出谓语 I love you. They sent the boy to hospital. I enjoyed learning. He did not want to leave. 是动作的对象或承受者 位置：位于及物动词之后/介词之后（介宾、动宾） 怎么判断宾语？ 在介词的 ，在动词的 。 后面 后面 O ：宾语 找出宾语： 结合例句说一下充当主语的通常是什么 18 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。可以用作宾语的有名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等。 O 宾语 Object 名词 We love our motherland. 我们爱我们的祖国。 代词 Where did you buy that? 你在哪儿买的那个东西？ 数词 If you put 5 and 7 together, you’ll get 12. 如果你把5和7加起来，就会得到12。 I sent you a flower. You gave me a ring. 直接宾语（DO）和间接宾语（IO） 找出直接宾语和间接宾语： 双宾： 人是间接宾语， 物是直接宾语 物直人间 直接宾语 间接宾语 结合例句说一下充当主语的通常是什么 20 Read the following sentences  The sun was shining.  The moon rose.  The universe remains.  We all breathe, eat, and drink.  Who cares?  What he said does not matter.  The pen writes smoothly. 主谓 (SV) 简单句的基本句型 21  Who knows the answer?  She smiled her thanks.  He has refused to help them.  He enjoys reading.  They ate what was left over.  He said “Good morning”.  I want to have a cup of tea.  He admitted that he was mistaken. 2. 主谓宾 (SVO) 简单句的基本句型 22 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 3. 主谓双宾 (S V IO DO) 简单句的基本句型 23 三个基本句型： 句型一： 主＋谓 句型二：主＋谓＋宾 句型三：主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 1. She comes. 2. I love her! 3. I gave her a flower. 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 直接宾语 间接宾语 练一练翻译： 1. 主＋谓： 老师进来了。 2. 主＋谓＋宾： 老师看到小明。 3. 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾： 老师给他一个惩罚（punishment） 1. 位于系动词之后, 2. 主语的“表现”说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 什么是系动词： P：表语 1.She is beautiful. 2.Her voice sounds great! 3.She stayed healthy. 4.I become fat. 结合例句说一下充当主语的通常是什么 25 1. 位于系动词之后, 2. 主语的“表现”说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 什么是系动词： P：表语 请记住“系=be/6532” 6个感觉类：_______________________________ 5个变化类: _______________________________ 3个持续类：_______________________________ 2个特殊： _______________________________ get / become / turn / grow / go taste / smell / feel / look / sound / touch stay / keep / remain seem / appear似乎 结合例句说一下充当主语的通常是什么 26 名词 Pollution from cars has become a major problem. 来自汽车的污染已成了一个主要问题。 代词 Seventy-four! You don’t look it. 七十四啦！你看起来不像。 数词 Angela was the first to leave. 安吉拉是第一个走的。 形容词 Please feel free to say what you really think. 请随便谈谈你的真实想法吧。 动名词（短语） Wasting time is killing yourself. 浪费时间就是自杀。 说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态,与连系动词be , look, seem , appear , feel , taste , smell, sound , become , get, grow, turn, remain, keep, stay 等一起构成复合谓语。表语通常由名词(短语)代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分(短语)或从句等充当。 P 表语 Predicative My mother is a teacher. I want to keep healthy. The music sounds great. The leaves turn green in spring. 找出表语 怎么判断表语？ 通常在在 的后面 。 系动词  This is an English-Chinese dictionary.  The dinner smells good.  He fell in love.  Everything looks different.  He is growing tall and strong.  The trouble is that they are short of money.  Our well has gone dry.  His face turned red. 4. 主系表 (SP) 简单句的基本句型 29 第四个基本句型： 句型四： 主语+系动词+表语 1. She is beautiful. 2. She looks beautiful. 3. I stayed healthy. 练一练翻译： 主语+系动词+表语 1. 这个男孩很帅。 2. 树叶变绿了。 主语 系动词 表语 第五个基本句型： 句型五： 主语+谓+宾+宾补 She makes me happy. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语是用来说明宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。宾语和宾语补足语构成了复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等皆可作补足语。 C 宾语补足语 Object Complement 形容词 I found the book very interesting. 我觉得这本书很有意思。 分词（短语） He made himself known to them first. 他先向他们作了自我介绍。 不定式（短语） She asked me to lend her a hand. 她请我帮她一把。 5. 主谓宾 + 宾补 (S V O C) 简单句的基本句型  They appointed him manager.  They painted the door green.  This set them thinking.  They found the house deserted.  What makes him think so?  We saw him out.  He asked me to come back soon.  I saw them getting on the bus. 33 五种简单句基本句型 句型一：主＋谓 句型二：主＋谓＋宾 句型三：主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 句型四：主＋系＋表 句型五：主语+谓+宾+宾补 1. She comes. 2. I love her. 3. She gives me a smile. 4. She is beautiful. 5. She makes me happy. 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 系动词 表语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I saw my student Cai Guangrui dancing in the room and he was happy. 挑战一下：说出下列句子的句子成分： 主 谓 宾语 主 系 表 C宾补： 补充说明宾语 A：状语 表示地点、时间、条件等 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步或比较等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、形容词、名词(短语)、从句等充当。 Adv 状语 Adverbial 副词 Tom speaks English very fast. 汤姆英语说得很快。 介词短语 The meeting is going to be held in Room 321 tomorrow morning. 会议将于明天上午321房间举行。 不定式（短语） I went there to see my grandmother. 我到那里去看我奶奶。 分词（短语） Arriving there, call me up. 到了那里，给我打个电话。 形容词（短语） He returned home, safe and sound. 他安然无恙地回家了。 从句 We’ll go where people need us. 我们要去人民需要我们的地方。 独立主格结构 Time permitting, we’ll take a break. 如果时间允许的话，我们就休息会儿。  He runs every morning.  They were swimming in the sea.  Alice should study hard.  Alice swims very well.  Great progress has been made in the past ten years.  He talked too much. 6. 主谓状 (S V A) 简单句的基本句型 37 当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。 同位语是指放在名词或代词之后，对前边的名词或代词进行补充说明的词、词组或从句。在英语中，同位语通常用来解释或进一步定义前面提到的人或事物。 Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient. 主语 同位语 A 同位语Appositive 38 找出同位语 This is my friend Lily. Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. They both enjoy playing basketball. The news that he will come back is true. 39  I bought a book yesterday.  She likes dancing very much.  I had my first maths class at senior high school. 7. 主谓宾状 (S V O A) 简单句的基本句型 40  There are three people in my uncle’s family.  There is a pen and two books on the desk.  There isn’t a boy in the room.  There aren’t any books on the desk.  There’s a lot to explore at senior high.  There’s a boy sitting under the tree. 8. There be … 简单句的基本句型 41 There will be an English test next Monday. There is going to be a meeting tonight. There has been a big tree on the top of the hill. There happened to be some money in my pocket. There used to be a church across from the bank. There seems to be more and more things for us to know and study. There be句型中be的变体 42  There appears (to be) something wrong with her.  There existed different opinions on this problem.  There remained just twenty-eight pounds. There stands an old temple at the top of the hill There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. 43 八种简单句基本句型总结 1. She comes. 2. She is beautiful. 3. she gives me a smile. 4. she makes me happy. 5. I love her. 主语 谓语 主语 系动词 表语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 主语 谓语 宾语 句型一： 主＋谓 句型二：主＋系＋表 句型三：主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 句型四：主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 句型五：主＋谓＋宾 6. I live in the countryside. 7. I saw a dog in the park. 8. There are many dogs. 主语 谓语 状语（表示地点) there be 句型：表示“有” 主语 谓语 宾语 状语（表示地点) 写出画线部分在句中所作的成分 1. After the lecture, please exchange views with your partner. 2. When you register your information, don't forget to fill in your name, sex (male or female) , age , and nationality. 3. We look forward to visiting the Eiffel Tower designed by a famous designer. 4. After registration, the freshmen were anxious to visit the campus. 5. John doesn't plan to go to senior high school after graduating from junior high school. 状语A 谓语动词V 谓语动词V 表语P 宾语O Practice makes perfect！ 写出画线部分在句中所作的成分 6. That guy felt awkward because he had made a bad impression on others. 7. The company organised a research team to explore new technologies by doing experiments. 8. Jack couldn't concentrate on the lecture when he took notes on his fash cards. 9. To achieve your learning goal, you must revise your learning strategy. 表语P 主语S 宾语O 宾语O Read the sentences and analyse the structures. He smiled. I made a plan. She is kind. He showed us his pictures. I found the book interesting. He runs fast. I met an old friend in the street. There is a big tree. 主谓 (SV) 主谓宾 (SVO) 主系表 (SP) 主谓双宾 (SVIO DO) 主谓宾宾补 (SVOC) 主谓状 (SVA) 主谓宾状(SVOA) 存现句(There be…) 简单句 48 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. We must act. The maths homework looks easy. The teacher found the classroom empty. My mum bought me a new dictionary. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. There is an English Corner at our school. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. SVA SV SP SVOC SV IO DO SVO There be… SVOA Exercise 49 Activity 2 Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim，that dream has come true! This term，Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do，like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. And，after a long day of study，he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! Exercise S V S V A S V IO DO V IO DO There be… S P S V O 作业：用八种句子类型造句。 $