Unit 7 Means of communication.同步词汇笔记 2025-2026学年沪外教版(2024)八年级英语上册
2025-09-10
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摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了沪外教版八年级上册Unit 7“Means of Communication”的核心词汇与语法点,涵盖移动通信、信息传递、政府机构、社交方式等主题范畴,构建了从单词识记到语境运用、从词形变化到派生拓展的多维学习支架,助力学生实现语言能力的阶梯式提升。
清单通过分类整理、分级标注和关联记忆等方式呈现知识体系,如将“mobile phone”“smart phone”“telegraph”等按时代演进归类,强化文化意识中的科技发展认知;设置“易混词对比表”(如notice与noticeable),培养思维品质中的辨析能力;设计“固定短语应用提示”(如speed up sth.代词放中间),提升语言能力的实际输出效率。特别配备“例句情境化标注”和“高频考点归纳”,帮助学生快速掌握重点,教师可据此开展分层教学与精准讲评,显著增强复习的针对性与实效性。
内容正文:
沪外教版 八上 Unit 7 Means of communication.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
mobile /'məʊbaɪl/ adj. 非固定的;可移动的
比较级:more mobile;最高级:most mobile
mobile phone n. 手机
mobile phone(手机);mobile device(移动设备)
1. She uses a mobile phone to call her parents.(她用手机给父母打电话。)2. This mobile speaker can be taken anywhere.(这个移动音箱可以带到任何地方。)
2
information /ˌɪnfə'meɪʃn/ n. 信息;消息;情报;资料
不可数名词(无复数)
inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知;告知
1. collect information(收集信息)2. useful information(有用的信息)
1. We can collect information from the Internet.(我们可以从互联网上收集信息。)2. The teacher gave us some useful information about the exam.(老师给了我们一些关于考试的有用信息。)
3
square /skweə(r)/ n.(通常为方形的)广场
复数:squares;adj. 方形的(同形)
N/A
1. city square(城市广场)2. Tian'anmen Square(天安门广场)
1. People often take a walk in the city square after dinner.(人们晚饭后常去城市广场散步。)2. The square in our town is very big and beautiful.(我们镇上的广场又大又漂亮。)
4
government /'ɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府;内阁
复数:governments(表“多个政府”)
govern /ˈɡʌvn/ v. 统治;管理
1. local government(地方政府)2. central government(中央政府)
1. The local government built a new park for people.(地方政府为人们建了一个新公园。)2. The central government made a new policy to help farmers.(中央政府出台了一项帮助农民的新政策。)
5
central /'sentrəl/ adj. 在中心的;中央的
比较级:more central;最高级:most central
center /ˈsentə(r)/ n. 中心;v. 集中
1. central park(中央公园)2. central station(中央车站)
1. The museum is in the central part of the city.(博物馆在城市的中心区域。)2. We met at the central station before the trip.(旅行前我们在中央车站集合。)
6
official /ə'fɪʃl/ n. 要员;官员;高级职员
复数:officials;adj. 官方的(同形)
officially /əˈfɪʃəli/ adv. 官方地
1. government official(政府官员)2. official news(官方消息)
1. A government official visited our school yesterday.(昨天一位政府官员参观了我们学校。)2. The official news about the holiday will come out tomorrow.(关于假期的官方消息明天会公布。)
7
notice /'nəʊtɪs/ n. 通告;布告;通知
复数:notices;v. 注意到(同形,过去式:noticed)
noticeable /ˈnəʊtɪsəbl/ adj. 明显的
1. put up a notice(张贴通知)2. read the notice(看通知)
1. The teacher put up a notice about the sports meeting.(老师张贴了一张关于运动会的通知。)2. Did you read the notice on the classroom door?(你看教室门上的通知了吗?)
8
telegraph /'telɪɡrɑːf/ n. 电报(通信方式)
复数:telegraphs;v. 发电报(同形)
N/A
1. send a telegraph(发电报)2. telegraph office(电报局)
1. People used to send a telegraph to keep in touch in the past.(过去人们常发电报保持联系。)2. He went to the telegraph office to send a message to his family.(他去电报局给家人发消息。)
9
speed /spiːd/ v. 快速前行
过去式/过去分词:sped/speeded;n. 速度(同形)
N/A
1. speed up(加速,见序号12)2. speed along(快速前进)
1. The car speeded along the highway.(汽车在高速公路上快速行驶。)2. He sped to the hospital to see his sick mother.(他快速赶往医院看望生病的妈妈。)
10
instead /ɪn'sted/ adv. 代替;顶替;反而;却
无词形变化
N/A
instead of(代替;而不是,后接名词/动名词)
1. He walked to school instead of taking the bus.(他步行去上学,而不是坐公交。)2. She drank milk instead of cola.(她喝了牛奶,而不是可乐。)
11
earthquake /'ɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震
复数:earthquakes
N/A
1. have an earthquake(发生地震)2. strong earthquake(强震)
1. A strong earthquake hit the area last week.(上周一场强震袭击了该地区。)2. People should learn how to protect themselves during an earthquake.(人们应该学习地震时如何保护自己。)
12
pass sth down / pass down sth 使世代相传;流传
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
pass down sth.(流传某物,代词放中间)
1. These stories have been passed down from our grandparents.(这些故事是从祖父母那里流传下来的。)2. We should pass down our traditional culture to the next generation.(我们应该把传统文化传给下一代。)
13
speed sth up / speed up sth(使)加速
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
speed up sth.(加速某事,代词放中间)
1. We need to speed up the project to finish it on time.(我们需要加快项目进度以按时完成。)2. The new machine has speeded up our work.(新机器加快了我们的工作速度。)
14
sort /sɔːt/ v. 整理;把……分类
过去式/过去分词:sorted;n. 种类(同形)
N/A
1. sort out(整理;分类)2. sort by(按……分类)
1. She spent an hour sorting out her books.(她花了一小时整理她的书。)2. We sort the letters by address every morning.(我们每天早上按地址分拣信件。)
15
relative /'relətɪv/ n. 亲戚;亲属
复数:relatives;adj. 相对的(同形)
relativity /ˌreləˈtɪvəti/ n. 相对性(初中选学)
1. close relative(近亲)2. visit relatives(拜访亲戚)
1. We usually visit our relatives during the Spring Festival.(我们通常在春节期间拜访亲戚。)2. My closest relative lives in Shanghai.(我最亲的亲戚住在上海。)
16
pleasure /'pleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事;快事
不可数名词(表“乐趣”);复数pleasures(表“乐事”)
1. please /pliːz/ v. 使高兴2. pleased /pliːzd/ adj. 高兴的
1. with pleasure(乐意效劳,用于回应请求)2. a pleasure(一件乐事)
1. —Can you help me? —With pleasure.(—你能帮我吗?—乐意效劳。)2. It’s a pleasure to talk with you.(和你聊天是一件乐事。)
17
directly /də'rektli; dɪ'rektli; daɪ'rektli/ adv. 立即;立刻
无词形变化
1. direct /dəˈrekt/ adj. 直接的2. direction /dəˈrekʃn/ n. 方向
修饰动词,表“动作马上发生”
1. He went directly home after school.(放学后他直接回了家。)2. Please answer the question directly.(请直接回答这个问题。)
18
postman /'pəʊstmən/ n. 邮递员;邮差
复数:postmen(不规则变化)
post /pəʊst/ v. 邮寄;n. 邮件
1. a postman(一名邮递员)2. meet the postman(遇见邮递员)
1. The postman brings letters to our home every morning.(邮递员每天早上给我们家送信件。)2. My uncle used to be a postman.(我叔叔以前是一名邮递员。)
19
magical /'mædʒɪkl/ adj. 有魔力的;用于巫术的
比较级:more magical;最高级:most magical
magic /ˈmædʒɪk/ n. 魔法;adj. 神奇的
1. magical world(魔法世界)2. magical experience(神奇的经历)
1. The movie tells a story about a magical forest.(这部电影讲述了一个关于魔法森林的故事。)2. We had a magical time at the amusement park.(我们在游乐园度过了一段神奇的时光。)
20
stack /stæk/ n. 大量;许多;一大堆
复数:stacks;v. 堆放(同形)
N/A
a stack of(一堆;一摞,后接可数名词复数)
1. There is a stack of books on the desk.(桌子上有一摞书。)2. She stacked the clothes neatly in the wardrobe.(她把衣服整齐地堆放在衣柜里。)
21
comfort /'kʌmfət/ n. 安慰;慰藉;宽慰
不可数名词;v. 安慰(同形)
comfortable /ˈkʌmfətəbl/ adj. 舒服的
1. give comfort(给予安慰)2. find comfort(得到慰藉)
1. Her words gave me a lot of comfort.(她的话给了我很多安慰。)2. He found comfort in reading when he was sad.(他难过时从阅读中得到慰藉。)
22
handle /'hændl/ v.(用手)触,拿,搬动;处理
过去式/过去分词:handled;n. 把手(同形)
N/A
1. handle sth.(处理某事)2. handle a box(搬箱子)
1. He can handle difficult problems by himself.(他能独自处理难题。)2. Be careful when handling the glass—It’s easy to break.(搬玻璃时要小心,很容易碎。)
23
beat /biːt/ v. 比……更好;赛过;胜过
过去式:beat;过去分词:beaten;n. 节拍(同形)
N/A
beat sb. in sth.(在某事上打败某人)
1. Our team beat theirs in the football match.(我们队在足球比赛中打败了他们队。)2. She beat all her classmates in the English exam.(她在英语考试中超过了所有同学。)
24
sort through sth 翻查;规整
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
sort through sth.(翻查某物,如文件、信件)
1. She sorted through the old letters to find the photo.(她翻查旧信件以找到那张照片。)2. The teacher sorted through the students’ homework carefully.(老师仔细规整学生的作业。)
25
communication /kəˌmjuːnɪ'keɪʃn/ n. 表达;交流;交际;传递
复数:communications(表“通信方式”)
communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流;沟通
1. communication skills(交流技巧)2. verbal communication(语言交流)
1. Good communication skills help you make more friends.(良好的交流技巧帮你交到更多朋友。)2. We use phones for communication now.(现在我们用手机进行沟通。)
26
smart phone /'smɑːt fəʊn/ n. 智能手机
复数:smart phones
N/A
1. use a smart phone(用智能手机)2. smart phone apps(智能手机应用)
1. Most people use a smart phone to surf the Internet.(大多数人用智能手机上网。)2. He downloaded some new smart phone apps yesterday.(他昨天下载了一些新的智能手机应用。)
27
social /'səʊʃl/ adj. 社交的;交际的;联谊的
比较级:more social;最高级:most social
society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会
1. social media(社交媒体)2. social life(社交生活)
1. Many young people like to share photos on social media.(很多年轻人喜欢在社交媒体上分享照片。)2. She has a busy social life—she goes to many parties.(她的社交生活很忙碌,参加很多派对。)
28
medium /'miːdiəm/ n.(传播信息的)媒介,手段,方法
复数:media/mediums
N/A
communication medium(传播媒介)
1. Newspapers are an important communication medium.(报纸是重要的传播媒介。)2. We use different mediums to send messages.(我们用不同的方式发送消息。)
29
stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票
复数:stamps;v. 盖章(同形)
N/A
1. collect stamps(集邮)2. stick a stamp(贴邮票)
1. My grandfather likes to collect stamps from all over the world.(我爷爷喜欢收集世界各地的邮票。)2. Don’t forget to stick a stamp on the envelope.(别忘了在信封上贴邮票。)
30
receiver /rɪ'siːvə(r)/ n. 接收者;(电话)听筒
复数:receivers
receive /rɪˈsiːv/ v. 接收;收到
1. message receiver(信息接收者)2. phone receiver(电话听筒)
1. The receiver of the gift was very happy.(礼物的接收者非常开心。)2. He picked up the phone receiver and started to talk.(他拿起电话听筒开始说话。)
31
address /ə'dres/ n.(互联网等的)地址
复数:addresses;v. 写地址(同形)
N/A
1. email address(邮箱地址)2. home address(家庭地址)
1. Can you tell me your email address?(你能告诉我你的邮箱地址吗?)2. She wrote her home address on the form.(她在表格上写下了家庭地址。)
32
press /pres/ v. 按,压(使启动)
过去式/过去分词:pressed;n. 新闻界(同形)
pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n. 压力
1. press a button(按按钮)2. press the doorbell(按门铃)
1. Press this button to turn on the machine.(按这个按钮启动机器。)2. He pressed the doorbell and waited for someone to open.(他按了门铃,等着有人开门。)
33
entire /ɪn'taɪə(r)/ adj. 全部的;整个的;完全的
比较级:more entire(极少用);最高级:most entire(极少用)
entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ adv. 完全地
1. the entire family(全家)2. the entire day(一整天)
1. The entire family went on a trip to Beijing.(全家去北京旅行了。)2. She spent the entire day reading the novel.(她花了一整天读这本小说。)
34
animation /ˌænɪ'meɪʃn/ n. 动画片
复数:animations
animate /ˈænɪmeɪt/ v. 使生动;adj. 有生命的(初中选学)
1. watch an animation(看动画片)2. 3D animation(3D动画片)
1. Children like to watch animations on TV.(孩子们喜欢在电视上看动画片。)2. This 3D animation is very popular among kids.(这部3D动画片很受孩子欢迎。)
35
apeman /'eɪpmæn/ n. 猿人
复数:apemen(不规则变化)
N/A
N/A(常用搭配“an apeman”“ancient apeman”)
1. Scientists found the bones of an ancient apeman.(科学家发现了远古猿人的骨头。)2. The story is about an apeman living in the forest.(这个故事讲述了一只生活在森林里的猿人。)
36
convertible /kən'vɜːtəbl/ adj. 可改变的;可转换的;可兑换的
比较级:more convertible;最高级:most convertible
convert /kənˈvɜːt/ v. 转换;兑换
1. convertible currency(可兑换货币)2. convertible sofa(可变形沙发)
1. This kind of money is convertible in many countries.(这种货币在很多国家都可兑换。)2. The convertible sofa can be turned into a bed.(这款可变形沙发能变成床。)
37
freeze /friːz/ v.(屏幕)冻结;结冰
过去式:froze;过去分词:frozen;n. 冻结(同形)
frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 结冰的;冻结的
1. screen freeze(屏幕冻结)2. freeze water(冻水)
1. My computer screen froze when I was working.(我工作时电脑屏幕卡住了。)2. The cold weather froze the lake last night.(昨晚寒冷的天气让湖面结了冰。)
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