Unit 3 Focusing on culture课件 2025-2026学年英语沪教版（2024）八年级上册

Unit 3 Our digital lives Computer technology develops quickly and has changed our world greatly. Let's read an article and explore the history of computers. How has digital technology changed the the world? The story of the computer 1837 In Britain, the first machine with a program was designed by Charles Babbage and his student Ada Lovelace. Charles wanted a machine to add up big numbers, but Ada realized that a computer program could do a lot more. She was the first computer programmer. A computer is any machine that can be programmed with a set of instructions. 1936 British scientist Alan Turing read Ada’s ideas and created the Turing machine, the basic design of a computer system. The Turing machine could do all kinds of calculations, and it could also run different programs. This is the basis for all modern computers. 1940s Scientists built early computers in England and Germany. They were the size of a room! 1971 Ted Hoff was the main inventor of the microprocessor, or “microchip”. This was a major breakthrough in the history of computers. Thanks to the microchip, computers and other electronic devices got faster and smaller very quickly. 1981 A US company designed the first PC (personal computer) for the general public. Experts didn’t believe that anybody wanted a computer at home. But in two years they sold thousands of them. ① quantum computer/0kwBntRm kRm'pju:tR(r)/ 量子计算机 Read paragraph 1 and answer the questions. Task 1 1. What did Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace do in 1837? 2. Who was the first computer programmer? They designed a machine with a program to add up big numbers. 1837 In Britain, the first machine with a program was designed by Charles Babbage and his student Ada Lovelace. Charles wanted a machine to add up big numbers, but Ada realized that a computer program could do a lot more. She was the first computer programmer. Ada Lovelace. P47 2 相加 更多 Task 2 1. Who was Alan Turing and what did he do? 2. What could the Turing machine do? 3. Where were the early computers made? How big were they? Read paragraphs 2 and 3 and answer the questions. Alan Turing was a British scientist and he created the Turing machine, the basic design of a computer system. Do all kinds of calculations and run different programs. 1936 British scientist Alan Turing read Ada’s ideas and created the Turing machine, the basic design of a computer system. The Turing machine could do all kinds of calculations, and it could also run different programs. This is the basis for all modern computers. 1940s Scientists built early computers in England and Germany. They were the size of a room! The early computers were made in England and Germany. They were the size of a room! P47 2 各种各样的 ……的基础 ……的大小 Alan Mathison Turing (艾伦·麦席森·图灵) (1912-1954) Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was a British computer scientist, mathematician(数学家) and code-breaker(密码分析学家). People call him the “father of computer science” and the “father of artificial intelligence.” He came up with the idea of a “thinking machine,” which we now call artificial intelligence. It can solve any math problem that a modern computer can solve. Alan Turing invented it to show how thinking machines might work. 图灵机 Task 3 1. Who was Ted Hoff? What happened after his invention? 2. What did his invention mean to the development of computer? Read paragraph 4 and answer the questions. 1971 Ted Hoff was the main inventor of the microprocessor, or “microchip”. This was a major breakthrough in the history of computers. Thanks to the microchip, computers and other electronic devices got faster and smaller very quickly. Ted Hoff was the main inventor of the microprocessor, or “microchip” Thanks to the microchip, computers and other electronic devices got faster and smaller very quickly. P47 2 ……方面的重大突破 多亏了…… 电子设备 electronic 拓展: ＊electricity n. 电，电能 electricity supply 电力供应 generate / produce electricity 发电 green / clean electricity 清洁电力 ＊electric adj. 电的；电动的 electric car 电动汽车 electric power 电力 Ted Hoff (特德·霍夫) (1937-) In 1968 he became the 12th employee at a brand-new company called Intel. He designed the world’s first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004, in 1971. This tiny “brain” made personal computers, video games, and even smart phones possible. He helped create chips for telephones and then worked at Atari and as a technology consultant. 1981 A US company designed the first PC (personal computer) for the general public. Experts didn’t believe that anybody wanted a computer at home. But in two years they sold thousands of them. 1990s –present Smartphones—phones with computer software—arrived! Today’s smartphones can connect to the internet and run all kinds of different apps—in other words, they are small computers. The arrival of smartphones has started a new era in digital technology. Expressions such as “Wi-Fi”, “download” and “app” have become part of our daily lives. 1. When did the first PC for the general public appear? A. 1971  B. 1981  C. 1991  D. 2001 2. What did most experts think about home computers in 1981? A. Everyone would buy one. B. They would be too expensive. C. Nobody wanted a computer at home. D. They were only for offices. 3. What is one thing today’s smartphones can do? A. Wash clothes  B. Connect to the Internet C. Cook food   D. Fly in the sky 4. How long did it take the company to sell thousands of PCs? A. One month   B. One year C. Two years   D. Ten years Task 4 Read paragraphs 5 and 6 and choose the right answer. 1981 A US company designed the first PC (personal computer) for the general public. Experts didn’t believe that anybody wanted a computer at home. But in two years they sold thousands of them. 1990s –present Smartphones—phones with computer software—arrived! Today’s smartphones can connect to the internet and run all kinds of different apps—in other words, they are small computers. The arrival of smartphones has started a new era in digital technology. Expressions such as “Wi-Fi”, “download” and “app” have become part of our daily lives. 换句话说 ……的到来 开启新纪元 Task 5 1. What will be the next big breakthrough in computer technology? 2. How will they be different from today’s computers? Read paragraph 7 and answer the questions. Scientists believe that quantum computers will be the next big breakthrough. The future Computer technology continues to develop. Some computers will be tiny—perhaps we will even have computers in our clothes. Scientists believe that quantum computers① will be the next big breakthrough. They will be many times faster than today’s computers, and much more powerful. They will be many times faster than today’s computers, and much more powerful. P47 2 接续做…… 比……快很多倍 Notes In May 2021, Chinese researchers built a powerful quantum computer called Zuchongzhi. Quantum computers are a new type of computer. They make calculations with the help of quantum mechanics①. Translate the following expressions into English. Task 6 1. 相加 2. 更多 3. 各种各样的 4. ……的基础 5. ……的大小 6. ……方面的重大突破 7. 多亏了 8. 换句话说 9. ……的到来 10. 开启新纪元 11. 继续做 12. 比……快很多倍 add up a lot more all kinds of the basis for the size of a major breakthrough in thanks to in other words the arrival of start a new era many times faster than continue to do Find the words and the phrase in the text and match them with their meanings. Task 7 P47 3 Try to retell the story of computer. Charles Babbage&Ada Lovelace; first machine to add up big numbers; a computer program; the first computer programmer. 1837 British scientist Alan Turing; the Turing machine; do calculations & run programs; 1936 early computers in England and Germany; the size of a room. 1940s Ted Hoff/inventor of the microprocessor; major breakthrough; faster and smaller 1971 A US company/first PC sold thousands of PC in 2 years. 1981 Smartphones arrived; connect to the internet and run different apps a new era in digital technology Wi-Fi/download/app 1990s–present tiny/in our clothes; quantum computers/next breakthrough; many times faster and more powerful. Future ... ... Your ideas How have smartphones changed our daily lives? How will they continue to change our daily lives? Share your ideas with the class. Who invented the World Wide Web? How has it changed the world? Go online and learn more about the digital revolution. 1. Can you retell the story of computer? 2. Can you talk about how have smartphones changed our daily lives? Search for more information about the development of internet. $