精品解析：贵州省贵阳市2025-2026学年高三上学期开学摸底考试英语试卷

铜仁市2026届高三年级摸底考试 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(1-20小题)在笔试结束后进行。 听力题目略。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Join us on September 27, 2025 from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. for an exciting opening reception of our new exhibits at Art Works. Meet the talented artists, and enjoy live music, and drinks sponsored by RVA Thriving Artists. This event is free and open to the public. Convenient and free parking is available. The exhibits will continue through October 19, 2025. Light Entwined by Richard Harding Discover the fascinating interplay of light and texture in Richard Harding’s Light Entwined. This exhibit features soft sculptures made from thread, twine, and rope, showcasing vessels containing light, skeletal structures casting shadows, and reflective materials. Inspired by nature, the organic forms of Harding’s work blend basketry and pottery, inviting viewers to explore the integration of light and shadow in his innovative fiber arts. Night Life by Robert Pfeifer Robert Pfeifer’s exhibit explores the exciting world of night, capturing its unique combination of color, light, and human experiences. Through his artwork, he reveals the hidden beauty and life that flourish in the dark. This show celebrates the transformative power of night, inviting viewers to appreciate the magic of the world after dusk. Hidden Pieces by Corinne Schofield Hidden Pieces is an attractive collection that weaves a familiar thread through Corinne Schofield’s artistic journey. These works explore the delightful dance of organic movement, inspired by the gentle flow of flowering petals. Through abstract forms and a single color palette (调色板), each piece captures nature’s delicate essence, drawing viewers into the quiet yet significant attraction of simplicity’s beauty. Cagla Kurtulus’s Recent Work Cagla Kurtulus, once a pioneering fashion model and founder of Turkey’s first modeling agencies, is a celebrated artist whose work reflects a lifelong dedication to creativity and cultural expression. Since shifting to her artistic career in 2000, she has showcased her work in numerous exhibitions and continues to create in her Kemerburgaz studio, contributing significantly to contemporary Turkish art. 1. What can we know about the exhibits? A. They charge entrance fees. B. They offer convenient parking. C. They are specially open to the artists. D. They will start on October 19, 2025. 2. What is the theme of Robert Pfeifer’s artwork? A. Daytime magic. B. Human events. C. Nighttime beauty. D. Light changes. 3. Who used to be a fashion model? A. Richard Harding. B. Robert Pfeifer. C. Corinne Schofield. D. Cagla Kurtulus. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年9月27日至10月19日在Art Works举办的新展览开幕式信息及理查德·哈丁等四位艺术家的展览内容。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This event is free and open to the public. Convenient and free parking is available. The exhibits will continue through October 19, 2025.(此次活动免费向公众开放。提供便捷的免费停车位。展览将持续至2025年10月19日)”可知，展览提供便捷的停车服务，且免费开放、对公众开放、9月27日开始，A、C、D项均错误。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Night Life by Robert Pfeifer部分中的“Robert Pfeifer’s exhibit explores the exciting world of night, capturing its unique combination of color, light, and human experiences. Through his artwork, he reveals the hidden beauty and life that flourish in the dark. This show celebrates the transformative power of night, inviting viewers to appreciate the magic of the world after dusk.(罗伯特·费弗的展览探索了令人兴奋的夜晚世界，捕捉了夜晚独特的色彩、光线与人类经历的融合。通过他的作品，他展现了在黑暗中绽放的隐秘之美与生机。这场展览赞颂夜晚的变革力量，邀请观众欣赏黄昏后世界的魔力)”可知，罗伯特·费弗作品的主题是夜晚的美。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cagla Kurtulus’s Recent Work部分中的“Cagla Kurtulus, once a pioneering fashion model and founder of Turkey’s first modeling agencies, is a celebrated artist whose work reflects a lifelong dedication to creativity and cultural expression.(恰拉·库尔特卢斯曾是一位开创性的时装模特，也是土耳其第一家模特经纪公司的创始人，她是一位著名的艺术家，其作品体现了对创造力和文化表达的毕生奉献)”可知，恰拉·库尔特卢斯曾是时装模特。故选D项。 B I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity — like many in their twenties, stuck in a quarter-life crisis, trying to find a way to make some extra money. That’s how one morning I found myself downloading a language app, creating a profile, and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me. Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours, I pretended to be a qualified teacher. But on the other side, my first student, Robert — an American living in Medellin, Spain — changed everything. He wasn’t trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish. He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang, so he could understand the people in the street stands, the bakery guy, the lady selling coffee. I remember our first class vividly. I explained the difference between a rolo, a caleno, or a samario, which led to discussions about regional accents, word meanings, and how everything changes depending on who says it and how. Robert also shared his life in Ohio, experiences in Latin America, and his relationship with food and people. Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab. In that back-and-forth of ideas, we unknowingly started building bridges. It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar. It’s about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it. I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us. In a globalized world, language teachers are perhaps — agents of change and social transformation, sharing culture through lived experiences. 4. Why did the author download a language app? A. To book a trial lesson. B. To watch tutorials online. C. To learn a new language. D. To earn additional income. 5. What is Robert’s goal in taking the author’s lesson? A Speaking perfect textbook Spanish. B. Making friends living in Medellin. C. Understanding the locals accurately. D. Acquiring Spanish grammar rules. 6. Which of the following best describes the author’s first class with Robert? A. Organized and vivid. B. Interactive and practical. C. Serious and formal. D. Academic and inspiring. 7. What is a language teacher supposed to do at present? A Strengthen stereotypes. B. Evaluate unknown ideas. C. Foster cultural exchanges. D. Learn from experiences. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者最初因谋生成为西班牙语老师，在与学生罗伯特的教学互动中，领悟到语言教学对跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意义。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity — like many in their twenties, stuck in a quarter-life crisis, trying to find a way to make some extra money. (我最初成为一名西班牙语老师，并非出于热爱，而是出于需要——就像许多二十多岁陷入人生危机的人一样，我想找个办法多赚点钱)”以及第二段中的“That’s how one morning I found myself downloading a language app, creating a profile, and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me. (就这样，一天早上，我开始下载一个语言应用程序，创建个人资料，录制介绍视频，希望能说服潜在学生预订我的试听课)”可知，作者下载语言应用程序是为了吸引学生、赚取额外收入。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He wasn’t trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish. He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang, so he could understand the people in the street stands, the bakery guy, the lady selling coffee. (他并非想掌握语法或说一口完美的课本式西班牙语。他想提高自己的语言流利度，学习当地的 paisa 俚语，这样就能听懂街头小摊的商贩、面包店老板和卖咖啡的女士在说什么)”可知，罗伯特上课的目标是准确理解当地人的话语。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I explained the difference between a rolo, a caleno, or a samario, which led to discussions about regional accents, word meanings, and how everything changes depending on who says it and how. Robert also shared his life in Ohio, experiences in Latin America, and his relationship with food and people. (我解释了rolo、caleno 和samario 之间的区别，这引发了关于地区口音、词义以及语言表达如何因说话人不同而变化的讨论。罗伯特也分享了他在俄亥俄州的生活、在拉丁美洲的经历，以及他与食物和人的关联)”可知，课堂上作者讲解语言知识，学生分享生活，有问有答、互动频繁，且内容围绕实用的俚语和日常交流展开，因此“互动性强且实用”最能描述这堂课。故选B项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us. In a globalized world, language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation, sharing culture through lived experiences. (我现在认为，语言教学是搭建跨文化桥梁、打破分隔我们的刻板印象的有力工具。在全球化的世界里，语言教师或许是变革和社会转型的推动者，通过真实经历分享文化)”可知，如今语言教师应该促进文化交流。故选C项。 C Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable. Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness. I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone. In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation (骚动) inspired a wave of protests at other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to abandon its 116-year ban on women. The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy. The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol. I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace. 8. Why did the chef give a dessert to the author? A. The chef wanted to make her stay longer. B. The chef wrongly arranged a table for two. C. The chef showed her sympathy for the author. D. The chef had to have the author eating alone. 9. What caused women to fight against the policies? A. They wanted to have separate rooms. B. They were not treated equally as men. C. They hoped to manage those restaurants. D. They were inspired by previous protests. 10. What does the author think of women dining alone? A It requires more public attention. B. It prevents women from the world. C. It needs bravery and encouragement. D. It raises awareness of women’s right. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Dining Alone: a Pity for Women? B. Should Women Embrace Privacy? C. Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D. Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life? 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了女性独自用餐时遭遇的特殊对待，回顾女性为争取平等用餐权利的抗争，并表达女性独自用餐无需同情、实则关乎自主权的观点。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness.(当晚工作的厨师看到我，过来表示她很遗憾，在她看来，我当晚是被抛弃了。我还没来得及纠正她，她就给了我一份额外的甜点，以慰藉我的“悲伤”)”可知，厨师误以为作者被抛弃而独自用餐，出于同情给了作者甜点。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies.(进入20世纪，女性若没有男性陪同，在酒吧或酒店餐厅可能会被拒绝提供服务。变革来得很缓慢。一些餐厅仍维持着各种形式的“仅限男性”政策)”可知，女性因受到与男性不平等的对待（无男性陪同被拒服务、面临仅限男性的政策），才发起抗争反对这些不公平政策。故选B项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy.(独自用餐有望对抗这种世界观，并拓展社会对女性自主权的认知)”可知，作者认为女性独自用餐能够提升人们对女性自主权（属于女性权利范畴）的认知，即唤起对女性权利的意识。故选D项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. (独自用餐的女性会得到他人的同情，甚至免费的香槟。但女性的正常生活状态，本就无需同情，也无需刻意称赞)”以及下文介绍的作者自身经历、女性争取平等用餐权利的历史及对女性独自用餐的看法可知，本文主要探讨的是“女性独自用餐是否值得同情”这一话题。由此可知，“Dining Alone: a Pity for Women?(独自用餐：女性值得同情吗？)”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 D Recent headlines have raised concerns about microplastics in our bodies and the harm they may be doing. “The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat — it’s in it,” said Richard Thompson, a marine biologist at the University of Plymouth. Microplastics mostly come from larger plastics, which degrade (降解) with use or when they aren’t disposed of properly. These microplastics end up in our air, soil, water and food. The wear and tear on our car tires, for example, produces particles that pollute the air and water. Humans breathe in these particles — and harmful chemicals within them. Microplastics have been found in human stool (粪便) and urine. Some studies have suggested that the plastic not excreted in waste appears to pass out of the gut and into the blood, and from there can migrate to other organs like the liver and brain. Animal studies indicate that microplastics can also affect lung and gut functioning and may increase the risk for lung and colon cancer. One of the most effective steps might simply be not drinking from plastic water bottles, especially if they’ve been sitting out in the sun. Another is to avoid heating food in plastic containers. Experts recommended switching to glass or steel containers for food storage. Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables can help, too. Regularly vacuuming your house and using an air purifier can reduce the amount of microplastics. These measures have limitations, however. Plastic is widespread and often the most affordable option. “It shouldn’t all be on the consumer to have to make those choices,” said Christy Tyler, a professor of environmental science at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Experts, including Tyler, said governments would have to regulate and reduce nonessential plastics to stop that accumulation. Some already have. The United States and Europe banned the use of microbeads (微珠) in makeup, for example, and several U.S. states are phasing out Styrofoam in food packaging. And 175 countries have agreed to create a United Nations treaty to end plastic pollution. Compared to 20 years ago, Dr. Thompson said, there’s now “a public appetite” for change. 12. What can we learn about microplastics? A. They produce particles into the air. B. They are from food and drinks. C. They can be degraded properly. D. They may cause health problems. 13. Which of the following best explains “excreted” underlined in paragraph 3? A. added B. released C. created D. controlled 14. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Approaches to keeping healthy. B. Effective steps for heating food. C. Measures for using plastic device. D. Ways of avoiding microplastics. 15. What can be inferred from Christy Tyler’s words? A. Consumers are blamed for spreading plastics. B. Governments should fine people for using plastics. C. Governments are responsible for reducing plastics. D. Consumers need to pay attention to plastic pollution. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍微塑料的来源、对人体健康的潜在危害，以及个人和政府应对微塑料污染的措施与现状。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Animal studies indicate that microplastics can also affect lung and gut functioning and may increase the risk for lung and colon cancer.(动物研究表明，微塑料还会影响肺和肠道功能，并可能增加患肺癌和结肠癌的风险)”可知，微塑料可能会引发健康问题。故选D项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Some studies have suggested that the plastic not excreted in waste appears to pass out of the gut and into the blood, and from there can migrate to other organs like the liver and brain.(一些研究表明，未在排泄物中排出的塑料似乎会从肠道进入血液，然后从血液迁移到肝脏和大脑等其他器官)”可知，“not excreted in waste”与“pass out of the gut and into the blood”形成对比，即未随排泄物排出的塑料会进入血液，“excreted”意为“排出、释放”，与“released”含义一致。故选B项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“One of the most effective steps might simply be not drinking from plastic water bottles, especially if they’ve been sitting out in the sun. Another is to avoid heating food in plastic containers. Experts recommended switching to glass or steel containers for food storage. Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables can help, too. Regularly vacuuming your house and using an air purifier can reduce the amount of microplastics. (最有效的措施之一或许很简单，就是不喝塑料瓶装水，尤其是那些在阳光下暴晒过的塑料瓶。另一个措施是避免用塑料容器加热食物。专家建议改用玻璃或不锈钢容器储存食物。多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜也会有帮助。定期用吸尘器打扫房间并使用空气净化器，同样能减少微塑料的数量)”可知，第四段主要介绍了避免或减少接触微塑料的几种方法。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的““It shouldn’t all be on the consumer to have to make those choices,” said Christy Tyler, a professor of environmental science at the Rochester Institute of Technology. (罗切斯特理工学院环境科学教授克里斯蒂·泰勒说：“不应该让消费者独自承担做出这些选择的全部责任。”)”以及第六段中的“Experts, including Tyler, said governments would have to regulate and reduce nonessential plastics to stop that accumulation.(包括泰勒在内的专家表示，政府必须监管并减少非必需塑料的使用，以阻止其堆积)”可知，泰勒认为减少塑料使用不应只依赖消费者，政府也应承担责任。故选C项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There is a very thin line between motivation and manipulation (操纵), and it is easy to get confused between these two but today we will be discussing them in great detail. What is motivation? ____16____. Motivation often centers on aligning (结合) individual and team goals with the organization’s mission and values. Motivation involves encouraging individuals or a team to willingly pursue a common goal. In order for the employees to be motivated, a leader must combine personal goals with organizational goals. Motivation isn’t something just bound to leaders or a workplace, but it is something that is present in all of us. ____17____. There must always be a reason to do something in life. That nudge is called motivation. ____18____. According to my experiences, “Manipulation is influencing others when we want them to do something and only we benefit from their actions”. All of us are vulnerable (脆弱的) at some point in our lives, and manipulators see this as the golden time to strike. If your boss or someone else at your workplace is a manipulator, then know that they will target you when you are at the lowest point in your life. ____19____. There are different types of leadership styles. ____20____. Successful leaders aim to motivate their team members by fostering a positive work environment. Leaders that manipulate will always avoid responsibility. Maybe they didn’t provide the exact work details and that made you fail at a task, or something else. A. Some manipulate while some motivate B. Leaders recognize and reward team members C. Our parents, friends, and everyone motivate us D. Manipulation is the exact opposite of motivation E. Motivation originates in the heart of the motivated F. Motivation comes from the inner self of the leader G. If you share too much with them, they will use it against you 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. D 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了动机与操纵的区别，分别阐述了动机的定义、存在场景，操纵的含义、特点及不同领导风格下的动机与操纵行为。 【16题详解】 根据上文“What is motivation? (什么是动机？)”以及下文“Motivation often centers on aligning (结合) individual and team goals with the organization’s mission and values. Motivation involves encouraging individuals or a team to willingly pursue a common goal. (动机通常侧重于将个人和团队目标与组织的使命和价值观相结合。动机包括鼓励个人或团队自愿追求一个共同的目标)”可知，此处应回答“动机是什么”，且需体现动机的核心特征，E选项“Motivation originates in the heart of the motivated (动机源于被激励者的内心)”直接回应“什么是动机”的问题，“originates in the heart”与下文“willingly pursue(自愿追求)”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Motivation isn’t something just bound to leaders or a workplace, but it is something that is present in all of us. (动机不仅仅局限于领导者或工作场所，而是存在于我们每个人身上)”可知，此处应举例说明动机在非工作场景中的存在，C选项“Our parents, friends, and everyone motivate us (我们的父母、朋友以及每一个人都在激励我们)”中的“parents, friends”对应上文“not bound to leaders or a workplace”，举例说明身边人的激励，符合语境。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据下文“According to my experiences, “Manipulation is influencing others when we want them to do something and only we benefit from their actions”. (根据我的经验，“操纵是当我们想让别人做某事，且只有我们能从他们的行为中获益时，去影响他们”)”可知，上文已介绍“动机”，此处应转向介绍“操纵”，且体现两者的关联，D选项“Manipulation is the exact opposite of motivation (操纵与动机完全相反)”既引出“操纵”这一话题，又通过“opposite”暗示两者的对比关系，承接上文对动机的介绍，引出下文对操纵的定义，符合语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“If your boss or someone else at your workplace is a manipulator, then know that they will target you when you are at the lowest point in your life. (如果你的老板或工作场所的其他人是操纵者，那么要知道他们会在你人生最低谷时把你作为目标)”可知，此处应说明操纵者在你低谷时会如何对你，G选项“If you share too much with them, they will use it against you (如果你和他们分享太多，他们会用这些来对付你)”中的“them”指代上文“manipulator”，“use it against you”具体说明操纵者的行为，符合“低谷时被针对”的语境，衔接紧密。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“There are different types of leadership styles. (有不同类型的领导风格)”以及下文“Successful leaders aim to motivate their team members by fostering a positive work environment. Leaders that manipulate will always avoid responsibility. (成功的领导者旨在通过营造积极的工作环境来激励团队成员。操纵型的领导者总是会逃避责任)”可知，此处应说明领导风格与“激励”和“操纵”的关联，A选项“Some manipulate while some motivate (有些领导操纵他人，而有些领导激励他人)”中的“some...while some...”对应上文“different types of leadership styles”，且引出下文对“激励型领导”和“操纵型领导”的分别介绍，符合语境。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The apartment door, carpeted by the fire’s heat, trapped a 10-year-old boy in smoke and flames. At a window 15 meters high, he cried, ____21____ on thick black smoke. Fire raged (肆虐) on the balcony, spreading ____22____ through the neighborhood. Several men tried to force the boys’ door but it didn’t work. Then they raced downstairs. Soon, a group of people gathered below. Despite ____23____ to each other, they united for one purpose. “Jump!” they shouted, ____24____ the boy to trust them. “It’s better to break a bone than to ____25____,” one voice yelled. The boy ____26____, staring at the ground. Behind him, the balcony was burning so ____27____. Then, he climbed onto the windowsill, his legs trembling. “He looked down, checking we were ready,” one rescuer later ____28____. As the boy crashed through the air, the group quickly formed a ____29____ made by people. Some braced their chests and others locked arms, while the rest supported from behind. The impact from dropping made them collapse to the ground, but the boy was _____30_____. “He landed directly in our arms,” said one, his voice shaking. “A miracle — he’s safe,” another person wept in _____31_____. These individuals from various backgrounds had been going about _____32_____ lives — shopping, meeting family, working when screams drew them together. In minutes, human _____33_____ overcame fear. They became a human net for a child they’d never met before. “None of us thought twice,” one said. “When you see a child in danger, you _____34_____.” And during that process, strangers became heroes, and a _____35_____ moment became a story of hope. 21. A. walking B. choking C. thinking D. searching 22. A. confidence B. curiosity C. silence D. panic 23. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues 24. A. warning B. forbidding C. urging D. ordering 25. A. bargain B. burn C. rest D. shout 26. A. agreed B. regretted C. relaxed D. hesitated 27. A. slowly B. gradually C. fiercely D. weakly 28. A. recalled B. required C. denied D. imagined 29. A. net B. circle C. passage D. shape 30. A. touched B. unharmed C. injured D. unfastened 31. A. secret B. sorrow C. relief D. fear 32. A. ordinary B. leisurely C. special D. adventurous 33. A. body B. society C. nature D. right 34. A. let go B. back down C. give in D. take action 35. A. hopeful B. desperate C. perfect D. temporary 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了火灾中众人合力搭建人网救下被困男孩，展现陌生人的善意与勇气。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在15米高的窗户边，他哭喊着，被浓浓的黑烟呛到。A. walking走路；B. choking呛住；C. thinking思考；D. searching搜寻。根据上文“The apartment door, carpeted by the fire’s heat, trapped a 10-year-old boy in smoke and flames.”以及下文的“thick black smoke”可知，男孩身处大火的浓烟中，会被黑烟呛到。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：阳台上火势肆虐，恐慌在社区里蔓延。A. confidence自信；B. curiosity好奇；C. silence沉默；D. panic恐慌。根据上文“Fire raged (肆虐) on the balcony”可知，火势肆虐会引发恐慌。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管彼此是陌生人，但他们为了一个目标团结起来。A. strangers陌生人；B. friends朋友；C. relatives亲戚；D. colleagues同事。根据下文“These individuals from various backgrounds”及“strangers became heroes”可知，他们是陌生人。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“跳！”他们大喊，催促男孩相信他们。A. warning警告；B. forbidding禁止；C. urging催促；D. ordering命令。根据上文“they united for one purpose. “Jump!” they shouted”可知，众人喊“跳”是为了催促男孩逃生。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“骨折总比被烧死好，”一个声音喊道。A. bargain讨价还价；B. burn燃烧、烧死；C. rest休息；D. shout大喊。根据上文“Fire raged on the balcony”可知，男孩面临被火烧的危险，此处对比“骨折”与“被烧死”。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩犹豫着，盯着地面。A. agreed同意；B. regretted后悔；C. relaxed放松；D. hesitated犹豫。根据下文的“staring at the ground”及“Then, he climbed onto the windowsill, his legs trembling.”可知，男孩一开始没跳，处于犹豫状态。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在他身后，阳台烧得很猛烈。A. slowly缓慢地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. weakly虚弱地。根据上文的“Fire raged on the balcony”可知，火势肆虐，烧得很猛烈。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他往下看，确认我们准备好了，”一名救援者后来回忆道。A. recalled回忆；B. required要求；C. denied否认；D. imagined想象。根据语境和上文的“He looked down, checking we were ready”可知，此处是救援者在事后讲述当时的情况，即回忆。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当男孩从空中坠落时，这群人迅速搭成了一个人制的网。A. net网；B. circle圆圈；C. passage通道；D. shape形状。根据下文“They became a human net for a child they’d never met before.”可知，众人搭成的是人网。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坠落的冲击力让他们倒在地上，但男孩安然无恙。A. touched受触动的；B. unharmed无恙的；C. injured受伤的；D. unfastened未系牢的。根据下文的“A miracle — he’s safe”可知，男孩是安全的，即安然无恙。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“奇迹——他安全了，”另一个人如释重负地哭了。A. secret秘密；B. sorrow悲伤；C. relief解脱、轻松；D. fear恐惧。根据上文的“A miracle — he’s safe”可知，男孩安全，众人应是松了口气，in relief意为“如释重负地”。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些来自不同背景的人原本过着平凡的生活——购物、见家人、工作，直到尖叫声把他们聚集在一起。A. ordinary平凡的；B. leisurely悠闲的；C. special特别的；D. adventurous冒险的。根据下文“shopping, meeting family, working”可知，这些都是平凡生活的场景。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟内，人类的天性战胜了恐惧。A. body身体；B. society社会；C. nature天性、本性；D. right权利。根据语境以及下文的“They became a human net for a child they’d never met before.”可知，众人不顾恐惧，在短短几分钟内，结成人网救人，是出于善良的天性。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你看到孩子处于危险中时，你就会采取行动。A. let go放手；B. back down退缩；C. give in屈服；D. take action采取行动。根据上文众人救人的行为及“None of us thought twice”可知，看到孩子遇险会采取行动。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，陌生人变成了英雄，一个绝望的时刻变成了希望的故事。A. hopeful有希望的；B. desperate绝望的；C. perfect完美的；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文“At a window 15 meters high, he cried, ____1____ on thick black smoke.”可知，男孩被困火中，当时是绝望的时刻，与后文“story of hope”形成对比。故选B项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Summer, for many of us, means more time outdoors, school vacations and a more relaxed atmosphere. But the season also ____36____ (bring) extreme heat and seasonal depression, which can be hard on our brains. Days and years of exposure ____37____ persistent heat can hurt the heart and kidneys, disrupt sleep and challenge our mental health. To protect ____38____ (you), you should give time to adapt to the heat and stay hydrated (含水份的). Don’t exercise outdoors alone, and learn to recognize the ____39____ (sign) of heatstroke. ____40____ (get) out of the heat, even for a few hours, is protective during heat waves. Air conditioning and electric fans can help, but may not always be available, such as during a power failure. Putting the skin in water may be ____41____ effective alternative to going to designated cooling centers in your community. If you feel ____42____ (well), weak, confused, those are all “red flags”. Begin cooling ____43____ (immediate) even before a full diagnosis if heatstroke is suspected, experts say. You can apply ice ____44____ (wrap) in towels to the neck. You can also use the method of cold water immersion (浸泡), _____45_____ is the first-line treatment for heatstroke. 【答案】36. brings 37. to 38. yourself##yourselves 39. signs 40. Getting 41. an 42. unwell 43. immediately 44. wrapped 45. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍夏季高温对健康的影响及防暑降温、应对中暑的方法。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：但这个季节也会带来极端高温和季节性抑郁，这对我们的大脑来说可能很难承受。此处为谓语动词，描述夏季的客观情况，用一般现在时；主语the season为单数，所以谓语动词为brings。故填brings。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：长期暴露在持续高温下，日复一日、年复一年，会损害心脏和肾脏，扰乱睡眠，并对心理健康造成挑战。此处为固定搭配“exposure to”，意为“暴露于……”，所以用介词to。故填to。 【38题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：为了保护自己（你们自己），你（你们）应该花时间适应高温，并保持水分充足。此处主语和宾语指同一人或同一群体，用you的反身代词yourself（单数）或yourselves（复数）。故填yourself或yourselves。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：不要独自在户外锻炼，还要学会识别中暑的迹象。sign为可数名词，结合语境，中暑的迹象不止一种，应用复数形式signs。故填signs。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在热浪期间，远离高温环境，即使只有几个小时，也能起到保护作用。此处为非谓语动词作主语，描述的是一般性动作，所以使用get的动名词形式getting，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Getting。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在将皮肤浸泡在水中可能是去社区指定避暑中心之外的一个有效替代方法。alternative为可数名词单数，意为“可供选择的事物”，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一个有效替代方法”，effective是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你感觉不舒服、虚弱、意识模糊，这些都是“危险信号”。此处为形容词作表语，结合“weak, confused”可知，此处表示“不舒服的”，用well的反义词unwell。故填unwell。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：专家表示，如果怀疑中暑，即使在确诊前，也应立即开始降温。此处修饰动词cooling，用immediate的副词形式immediately，意为“立即”。故填immediately。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以把用毛巾包裹好的冰块敷在脖子上。此处为非谓语动词，ice与wrap为被动关系，用过去分词wrapped，作后置定语，修饰ice。故填wrapped。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你也可以使用冷水浸泡法，这是治疗中暑的一线方法。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the method of cold water immersion，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说他对中国成语很感兴趣，希望你向他分享一个你最喜欢的成语。请给他回封邮件，内容包括： 1. 成语的含义； 2. 喜欢的原因。 注意：1. 词数80个左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Tom, I’m so thrilled you’re enjoying learning Chinese idioms! My favorite is Gao Shan Liu Shui, which literally means “high mountains and flowing water.” It symbolizes beautiful music or a profound friendship, representing harmony and mutual understanding. The idiom comes from an ancient story about a musician named Yu Boya and his friend Zhong Ziqi, who deeply understood Yu’s music. I love this idiom because it shows the value of true friendship and shared passion, much like our own connection. It reminds me that the best relationships are built on sincerity and appreciation. Hope you find it meaningful too! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Tom回信，分享自己最喜欢的中国成语，内容包括该成语的含义以及喜欢的原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 激动：thrilled→excited 象征：symbolize→represent 深刻的：profound→deep 真诚：sincerity→authenticity 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It symbolizes beautiful music or a profound friendship, representing harmony and mutual understanding. 拓展句：It symbolizes beautiful music or a profound friendship, which represents harmony and mutual understanding. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】My favorite is Gao Shan Liu Shui, which literally means “high mountains and flowing water.”（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型 2】The idiom comes from an ancient story about a musician named Yu Boya and his friend Zhong Ziqi, who deeply understood Yu’s music.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I intentionally walked in front of an oncoming car — to avoid a pigeon. As the car came to a sudden stop just a few feet away, I panicked, realizing I almost got killed. “What’s wrong with you?” the driver yelled, cursing angrily. “Do you want to die?” I knew what was wrong with me. I had a lifelong fear of birds. My mother claimed that, when I was an infant, I started to cry if a bird flew past my baby carriage. During my childhood, I dashed away from bird cages in pet stores. The sound of birds singing outside left me shaking. Well-meaning friends of my parents tried to break my extreme fear by taking their talkative bird from its cage and letting it fly around me. They asked me to allow the bird to stay on my arm for one second, two seconds and more to get rid of my fear. However, I’d run away from the room screaming, convinced that their noisy parrot would peck out my eyes. When I watched Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds on television, I knew my fear was reasonable. In the plot, ordinary birds tore open roofs and violently attacked people. I always knew that birds would rise up against humanity someday. One day, while I and my daughter were in the park, she noticed a small sparrow struggling to fly. Instead of running away, she gently picked it up and held it gently in her hands. She spoke softly to it, and after a few minutes, the bird regained its strength and flew away. She looked at me with a smile and said, “Mom, what a lovely bird!” Somehow, my rooted fear of birds seemed to lessen a little at that moment. Her interaction with the bird gave me a sense of hope and confidence. However, I was still attached to the fantasy that birds would attack me, bite my face, claw at my eyes, and possibly kill me. I wasn’t sure if I could change. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With much embarrassment, I admitted to my daughter the fear in my heart. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day a bird sang near my window — I knew it was time to try my daughter’s advice.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: With much embarrassment, I admitted to my daughter the fear in my heart. My voice trembled as I described the panic that overwhelmed me whenever wings fluttered near me. She listened quietly, her small hand patting mine. “Mom,” she said thoughtfully, “birds are just tiny creatures trying to live, like us. Maybe if you watch them longer, you’ll see they’re more afraid of you.” Her words echoed in my mind that night as I lay awake, remembering how gently she’d held the sparrow. The next day, a bird sang near my window — I knew it was time to try my daughter’s advice. I held my breath, fighting the urge to retreat. The bird turned its head, and then suddenly flapped its wings — but instead of attacking, it simply flew to a nearby tree branch. As I watched it clean its feathers in the sunlight, I realized something important: the bird wasn’t interested in harming me. It was just going about its daily life. For the first time, I didn’t feel afraid. Maybe, I thought, not all birds were to be feared. I could learn to coexist with these winged creatures without fear. 【解析】 【导语】本文以作者对鸟类的恐惧及转变为线索，讲述了作者自幼极度害怕鸟类，认为鸟类会攻击人类，却在看到女儿温柔救助麻雀后，恐惧稍有缓解，但仍未完全克服，内心挣扎是否能改变的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我尴尬地向女儿袒露了自己内心的恐惧。”可知，第一段可描写作者尴尬地向女儿倾诉对鸟类的恐惧，声音颤抖地描述内心的恐慌，女儿安静倾听并温柔安慰，用简单的话语点出鸟类只是普通生灵，让作者彻夜思考的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天，一只小鸟在我窗边鸣叫 ——我知道，是时候尝试女儿的建议了”可知，第二段可描写作者听到窗外鸟鸣后，决心尝试女儿的建议，忍住退缩的冲动观察鸟儿，发现鸟儿只是正常活动并无恶意，第一次不再感到恐惧，意识到自己能与鸟类和平共处的情景。 2. 续写线索：向女儿袒露恐惧——女儿安慰并开导——作者思考建议——听到鸟鸣决心尝试——观察鸟儿——克服恐惧——领悟共处之道 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①颤抖：tremble/shake ②观察：watch/observe ③意识到：realize/be aware 情绪类 ①恐慌：panic/terror ②害怕的：afraid/frightened 【点睛】[高分句型1] My voice trembled as I described the panic that overwhelmed me whenever wings fluttered near me.（运用了as引导时间状语从句，that引导定语从句修饰panic以及whenever引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2] She listened quietly, her small hand patting mine.（运用了独立主格结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 铜仁市2026届高三年级摸底考试 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(1-20小题)在笔试结束后进行。 听力题目略。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Join us on September 27, 2025 from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. for an exciting opening reception of our new exhibits at Art Works. Meet the talented artists, and enjoy live music, and drinks sponsored by RVA Thriving Artists. This event is free and open to the public. Convenient and free parking is available. The exhibits will continue through October 19, 2025. Light Entwined by Richard Harding Discover the fascinating interplay of light and texture in Richard Harding’s Light Entwined. This exhibit features soft sculptures made from thread, twine, and rope, showcasing vessels containing light, skeletal structures casting shadows, and reflective materials. Inspired by nature, the organic forms of Harding’s work blend basketry and pottery, inviting viewers to explore the integration of light and shadow in his innovative fiber arts. Night Life by Robert Pfeifer Robert Pfeifer’s exhibit explores the exciting world of night, capturing its unique combination of color, light, and human experiences. Through his artwork, he reveals the hidden beauty and life that flourish in the dark. This show celebrates the transformative power of night, inviting viewers to appreciate the magic of the world after dusk. Hidden Pieces by Corinne Schofield Hidden Pieces is an attractive collection that weaves a familiar thread through Corinne Schofield’s artistic journey. These works explore the delightful dance of organic movement, inspired by the gentle flow of flowering petals. Through abstract forms and a single color palette (调色板), each piece captures nature’s delicate essence, drawing viewers into the quiet yet significant attraction of simplicity’s beauty. Cagla Kurtulus’s Recent Work Cagla Kurtulus, once a pioneering fashion model and founder of Turkey’s first modeling agencies, is a celebrated artist whose work reflects a lifelong dedication to creativity and cultural expression. Since shifting to her artistic career in 2000, she has showcased her work in numerous exhibitions and continues to create in her Kemerburgaz studio, contributing significantly to contemporary Turkish art. 1. What can we know about the exhibits? A. They charge entrance fees. B. They offer convenient parking. C. They are specially open to the artists. D. They will start on October 19, 2025. 2. What is the theme of Robert Pfeifer’s artwork? A. Daytime magic. B. Human events. C. Nighttime beauty. D. Light changes. 3. Who used to be a fashion model? A. Richard Harding. B. Robert Pfeifer. C. Corinne Schofield. D. Cagla Kurtulus. B I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity — like many in their twenties, stuck in a quarter-life crisis, trying to find a way to make some extra money. That’s how one morning I found myself downloading a language app, creating a profile, and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me. Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours, I pretended to be a qualified teacher. But on the other side, my first student, Robert — an American living in Medellin, Spain — changed everything. He wasn’t trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish. He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang, so he could understand the people in the street stands, the bakery guy, the lady selling coffee. I remember our first class vividly. I explained the difference between a rolo, a caleno, or a samario, which led to discussions about regional accents, word meanings, and how everything changes depending on who says it and how. Robert also shared his life in Ohio, experiences in Latin America, and his relationship with food and people. Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab. In that back-and-forth of ideas, we unknowingly started building bridges. It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar. It’s about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it. I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us. In a globalized world, language teachers are perhaps — agents of change and social transformation, sharing culture through lived experiences. 4. Why did the author download a language app? A. To book a trial lesson. B. To watch tutorials online. C. To learn a new language. D. To earn additional income. 5. What is Robert’s goal in taking the author’s lesson? A. Speaking perfect textbook Spanish. B. Making friends living in Medellin. C. Understanding the locals accurately. D. Acquiring Spanish grammar rules. 6 Which of the following best describes the author’s first class with Robert? A. Organized and vivid. B. Interactive and practical. C. Serious and formal. D. Academic and inspiring. 7. What is a language teacher supposed to do at present? A Strengthen stereotypes. B. Evaluate unknown ideas. C. Foster cultural exchanges. D. Learn from experiences. C Women eating alone receive pity — and free champagne (香槟酒). But there’s nothing to pity, or to praise, in a woman’s basic existence. I eat alone at restaurants — and I do it a lot. This usually seems to make people around me uncomfortable. Recently, I went to a restaurant for dinner and mistakenly booked a table for two instead of one. The chef working that night saw me and came to say how sorry she was that I had, in her mind, been abandoned for the evening. Before I could correct her, she gave me an extra dessert for my sadness. I’ve never been afraid to eat alone. Women don’t need encouragement to live an independent life. It is uncomfortable to be treated like a sad, lost lamb just because someone has not accompanied me outside. It is neither brave nor sad for a woman to dine alone. In the 19th century, some hotels reserved separate dining rooms called “ladies’ ordinaries” for women dining alone. Into the 20th century, women could be refused service at pubs or hotel eating rooms without a male. Change was slow to come. Some restaurants maintained different forms of men-only policies. In 1969, Betty Friedan and some other women stormed the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel to demand that women be allowed in during the male-only lunch hours. The restaurant soon changed its policy — and the agitation (骚动) inspired a wave of protests at other restaurants across the country. In 1970, a federal suit and a new law required New York City’s oldest saloon to abandon its 116-year ban on women. The social stereotype around women dining alone seems to tell us: men occupy the public and women the private. Dining alone hopefully pushes against that view of the world and expands the social imagination on women’s autonomy. The people who offer free drinks aren’t cruel, of course. Quite the opposite: Those are generous and friendly ones. But friendly or not, it’s part of wrong understanding. And when I’m eating alone. I don’t want to be a symbol. I’m just there to read my book, have a middling steak and drink my free champagne in peace. 8. Why did the chef give a dessert to the author? A. The chef wanted to make her stay longer. B. The chef wrongly arranged a table for two. C. The chef showed her sympathy for the author. D. The chef had to have the author eating alone. 9. What caused women to fight against the policies? A. They wanted to have separate rooms. B. They were not treated equally as men. C. They hoped to manage those restaurants. D. They were inspired by previous protests. 10. What does the author think of women dining alone? A. It requires more public attention. B. It prevents women from the world. C. It needs bravery and encouragement. D. It raises awareness of women’s right. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Dining Alone: a Pity for Women? B. Should Women Embrace Privacy? C. Women: How to Say No at Restaurant? D. Do Eating Habits Change Women’s Life? D Recent headlines have raised concerns about microplastics in our bodies and the harm they may be doing. “The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat — it’s in it,” said Richard Thompson, a marine biologist at the University of Plymouth. Microplastics mostly come from larger plastics which degrade (降解) with use or when they aren’t disposed of properly. These microplastics end up in our air, soil, water and food. The wear and tear on our car tires, for example, produces particles that pollute the air and water. Humans breathe in these particles — and harmful chemicals within them. Microplastics have been found in human stool (粪便) and urine. Some studies have suggested that the plastic not excreted in waste appears to pass out of the gut and into the blood, and from there can migrate to other organs like the liver and brain. Animal studies indicate that microplastics can also affect lung and gut functioning and may increase the risk for lung and colon cancer. One of the most effective steps might simply be not drinking from plastic water bottles, especially if they’ve been sitting out in the sun. Another is to avoid heating food in plastic containers. Experts recommended switching to glass or steel containers for food storage. Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables can help, too. Regularly vacuuming your house and using an air purifier can reduce the amount of microplastics. These measures have limitations, however. Plastic is widespread and often the most affordable option. “It shouldn’t all be on the consumer to have to make those choices,” said Christy Tyler, a professor of environmental science at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Experts, including Tyler, said governments would have to regulate and reduce nonessential plastics to stop that accumulation. Some already have. The United States and Europe banned the use of microbeads (微珠) in makeup, for example, and several U.S. states are phasing out Styrofoam in food packaging. And 175 countries have agreed to create a United Nations treaty to end plastic pollution. Compared to 20 years ago, Dr. Thompson said, there’s now “a public appetite” for change. 12. What can we learn about microplastics? A. They produce particles into the air. B. They are from food and drinks. C. They can be degraded properly. D. They may cause health problems. 13. Which of the following best explains “excreted” underlined in paragraph 3? A. added B. released C. created D. controlled 14 What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Approaches to keeping healthy. B. Effective steps for heating food. C. Measures for using plastic device. D. Ways of avoiding microplastics. 15. What can be inferred from Christy Tyler’s words? A. Consumers are blamed for spreading plastics. B. Governments should fine people for using plastics. C. Governments are responsible for reducing plastics. D. Consumers need to pay attention to plastic pollution. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There is a very thin line between motivation and manipulation (操纵), and it is easy to get confused between these two but today we will be discussing them in great detail. What is motivation? ____16____. Motivation often centers on aligning (结合) individual and team goals with the organization’s mission and values. Motivation involves encouraging individuals or a team to willingly pursue a common goal. In order for the employees to be motivated, a leader must combine personal goals with organizational goals. Motivation isn’t something just bound to leaders or a workplace, but it is something that is present in all of us. ____17____. There must always be a reason to do something in life. That nudge is called motivation. ____18____. According to my experiences, “Manipulation is influencing others when we want them to do something and only we benefit from their actions”. All of us are vulnerable (脆弱的) at some point in our lives, and manipulators see this as the golden time to strike. If your boss or someone else at your workplace is a manipulator, then know that they will target you when you are at the lowest point in your life. ____19____. There are different types of leadership styles. ____20____. Successful leaders aim to motivate their team members by fostering a positive work environment. Leaders that manipulate will always avoid responsibility. Maybe they didn’t provide the exact work details and that made you fail at a task, or something else. A. Some manipulate while some motivate B. Leaders recognize and reward team members C. Our parents, friends, and everyone motivate us D Manipulation is the exact opposite of motivation E. Motivation originates in the heart of the motivated F. Motivation comes from the inner self of the leader G. If you share too much with them, they will use it against you 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The apartment door, carpeted by the fire’s heat, trapped a 10-year-old boy in smoke and flames. At a window 15 meters high, he cried, ____21____ on thick black smoke. Fire raged (肆虐) on the balcony, spreading ____22____ through the neighborhood. Several men tried to force the boys’ door but it didn’t work. Then they raced downstairs. Soon, a group of people gathered below. Despite ____23____ to each other, they united for one purpose. “Jump!” they shouted, ____24____ the boy to trust them. “It’s better to break a bone than to ____25____,” one voice yelled. The boy ____26____, staring at the ground. Behind him, the balcony was burning so ____27____. Then, he climbed onto the windowsill, his legs trembling. “He looked down, checking we were ready,” one rescuer later ____28____. As the boy crashed through the air, the group quickly formed a ____29____ made by people. Some braced their chests and others locked arms, while the rest supported from behind. The impact from dropping made them collapse to the ground, but the boy was _____30_____. “He landed directly in our arms,” said one, his voice shaking. “A miracle — he’s safe,” another person wept in _____31_____. These individuals from various backgrounds had been going about _____32_____ lives — shopping, meeting family, working when screams drew them together. In minutes, human _____33_____ overcame fear. They became a human net for a child they’d never met before. “None of us thought twice,” one said. “When you see a child in danger, you _____34_____.” And during that process, strangers became heroes, and a _____35_____ moment became a story of hope. 21. A. walking B. choking C. thinking D. searching 22. A. confidence B. curiosity C. silence D. panic 23. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues 24. A. warning B. forbidding C. urging D. ordering 25. A. bargain B. burn C. rest D. shout 26. A. agreed B. regretted C. relaxed D. hesitated 27. A. slowly B. gradually C. fiercely D. weakly 28. A. recalled B. required C. denied D. imagined 29. A. net B. circle C. passage D. shape 30. A. touched B. unharmed C. injured D. unfastened 31. A. secret B. sorrow C. relief D. fear 32. A. ordinary B. leisurely C. special D. adventurous 33. A. body B. society C. nature D. right 34. A. let go B. back down C. give in D. take action 35. A. hopeful B. desperate C. perfect D. temporary 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Summer, for many of us, means more time outdoors, school vacations and a more relaxed atmosphere. But the season also ____36____ (bring) extreme heat and seasonal depression, which can be hard on our brains. Days and years of exposure ____37____ persistent heat can hurt the heart and kidneys, disrupt sleep and challenge our mental health. To protect ____38____ (you), you should give time to adapt to the heat and stay hydrated (含水份的). Don’t exercise outdoors alone, and learn to recognize the ____39____ (sign) of heatstroke. ____40____ (get) out of the heat, even for a few hours, is protective during heat waves. Air conditioning and electric fans can help, but may not always be available, such as during a power failure. Putting the skin in water may be ____41____ effective alternative to going to designated cooling centers in your community. If you feel ____42____ (well), weak, confused, those are all “red flags”. Begin cooling ____43____ (immediate) even before a full diagnosis if heatstroke is suspected, experts say. You can apply ice ____44____ (wrap) in towels to the neck. You can also use the method of cold water immersion (浸泡), _____45_____ is the first-line treatment for heatstroke. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说他对中国成语很感兴趣，希望你向他分享一个你最喜欢的成语。请给他回封邮件，内容包括： 1. 成语的含义； 2. 喜欢的原因。 注意：1. 词数80个左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I intentionally walked in front of an oncoming car — to avoid a pigeon. As the car came to a sudden stop just a few feet away, I panicked, realizing I almost got killed. “What’s wrong with you?” the driver yelled, cursing angrily. “Do you want to die?” I knew what was wrong with me. I had a lifelong fear of birds. My mother claimed that, when I was an infant, I started to cry if a bird flew past my baby carriage. During my childhood, I dashed away from bird cages in pet stores. The sound of birds singing outside left me shaking. Well-meaning friends of my parents tried to break my extreme fear by taking their talkative bird from its cage and letting it fly around me. They asked me to allow the bird to stay on my arm for one second, two seconds and more to get rid of my fear. However, I’d run away from the room screaming, convinced that their noisy parrot would peck out my eyes. When I watched Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds on television, I knew my fear was reasonable. In the plot, ordinary birds tore open roofs and violently attacked people. I always knew that birds would rise up against humanity someday. One day, while I and my daughter were in the park, she noticed a small sparrow struggling to fly. Instead of running away, she gently picked it up and held it gently in her hands. She spoke softly to it, and after a few minutes, the bird regained its strength and flew away. She looked at me with a smile and said, “Mom, what a lovely bird!” Somehow, my rooted fear of birds seemed to lessen a little at that moment. Her interaction with the bird gave me a sense of hope and confidence. However, I was still attached to the fantasy that birds would attack me, bite my face, claw at my eyes, and possibly kill me. I wasn’t sure if I could change. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With much embarrassment, I admitted to my daughter the fear in my heart. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, a bird sang near my window — I knew it was time to try my daughter’s advice.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $