精品解析：北京市顺义牛栏山第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题

牛栏山一中2025-2026学年度第一学期9月月考 英语试卷 2025. 9 本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Arriving in the U.K. for university, I was eager to join political science debates. In my first tutorial, I presented ideas on global inequality, but my stumbling speech and thick accent left others ___1___ —no one understood my points. I felt invisible, my voice lost in a haze of mispronunciations and awkward pauses. This experience slowly weakened my confidence. I stopped speaking in class, convinced that my “broken English” was ___2___ of attention. One day, I heard a speech by Chimamanda Adichie, and a quote from it ___3___ me: staying silent allowed others to “define my story”. I promised to reclaim my voice—not by ___4___ my accent, but by mastering clarity. I carefully recorded each practice speech, adjusting tone and pace until my meaning ___5___ and sought feedback to prioritize structure over perfection. ___6___ , small signs of progress emerged: a classmate leaning in with a nod, and a tutor scribbling “excellent point” beside my name. The turning point came during a debate on refugee (难民) policies. Hands trembling, I started to share my living experience in Lagos. The room fell ___7___ . When I finished, the tutor said, “That’s the ___8___ we’ve been missing”. For the first time, my words felt not like barriers, but bridges connecting diverse minds. This journey taught me to own my narrative ___9___ . My accent is a part of my ____10____ , not a flaw to erase. Language, I’ve realized, requires the courage to share truth. In a world hungry for different voices, believing in the value of our own voices is the boldest act. 1. A. unfavorable B. unbelievable C. unsupportive D. unresponsive 2. A. incapable B. unworthy C. free D. typical 3. A. shocked B. confused C. pleased D. struck 4. A. exaggerating B. cultivating C. masking D. acquiring 5. A. cut in B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 6. A. Gradually B. Randomly C. Punctually D. Regularly 7. A. dark B. empty C. silent D. still 8. A. lesson B. wisdom C. perspective D. opportunity 9. A. cautiously B. bravely C. skeptically D. attentively 10. A. identity B. personality C. advantage D. dignity 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者赴英读大学后，因英语不佳在课堂沉默，受名言启发练习提升表达，难民政策辩论中分享经历获认可，明白口音是身份的一部分，应勇敢表达自我。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一次辅导课上，我提出了关于全球不平等的观点，但我结结巴巴的演讲和浓重的口音让其他人毫无反应——没有人理解我的观点。A. unfavorable不利的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unsupportive不支持的；D. unresponsive无反应的。根据后文“no one understood my points”可知，没有人理解作者的观点，所以此处指其他人对作者的观点毫无反应。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不再在课堂上说话了，因为我认为我的“蹩脚英语”不值得关注。A. incapable无能力的；B. unworthy不值得的；C. free自由的；D. typical典型的。根据前文“I stopped speaking in class”可知，作者在课堂上不再说话了，他认为自己的“蹩脚英语”不值得关注。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我听到了奇曼达·阿迪奇的演讲，演讲上的一句话让我猛地意识到：“保持沉默就等于让别人来‘定义我的故事’。”A. shocked使震惊；B. confused使困惑；C. pleased取悦；D. struck猛地意识到。根据后文“I promised to reclaim my voice”可知，奇曼达·阿迪奇说的话给了作者触动和启发，让作者突然意识到保持沉默是让别人来定义自己。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发誓要重新找回自己的声音——不是通过掩饰我的口音，而是通过掌握清晰度。A. exaggerating夸大；B. cultivating培养；C. masking掩饰；D. acquiring获得。根据前文“but my stumbling speech and thick accent left others ___1___ —no one understood my points.”文“but by mastering clarity”可知，尽管作者浓重的口音让别人不能理解自己的观点，但是作者想要通过掌握清晰度来重新找回自己的声音，而不是通过掩饰自己的口音。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仔细地记录每一次练习演讲，调整语气和速度，直到我的意思表达清楚，并寻求反馈，把结构放在首位，而不是追求完美。A. cut in插嘴；B. cut off切断；C. cut up切碎；D. cut through穿透，表达清楚。根据前文“no one understood my points”以及“adjusting tone and pace”可知，作者调整语气和速度是为了让意思表达清楚，从而让别人明白。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，一些微小的进步迹象显现出来：一位同学微微侧身点头示意，一位导师在我的名字旁写下“精彩的观点”。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Randomly随机地；C. Punctually准时地；D. Regularly定期地。根据后文“a classmate leaning in with a nod, and a tutor scribbling “excellent point” beside my name”可知，后文“同学点头、导师标注‘好观点’”是“小的进步迹象”，结合前文作者持续练习可知，进步是逐步出现的。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：房间里顿时安静了下来。A. dark黑暗的；B. empty空的；C. silent安静的；沉默的；D. still静止的。根据上文“The turning point came during a debate on refugee (难民) policies. Hands trembling, I started to share my living experience in Lagos.”可知，作者在分享在拉各斯的生活经历（与难民政策相关的真实体验），结合后文导师肯定作者的发言可知，此时房间应是安静的，大家专注倾听。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我说完后，导师说：“这就是我们一直缺失的观点”。A. lesson课程；B. wisdom智慧；C. perspective观点；D. opportunity机会。根据前文“share my living experience in Lagos”可知，作者分享了在拉各斯的生活经历，所以此处导师说这是他们一直缺失的观点。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这次经历让我学会了勇敢地讲述自己的故事。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. skeptically怀疑地；D. attentively注意地。根据前文“For the first time, my words felt not like barriers, but bridges connecting diverse minds.(这是我第一次觉得自己的话语不再是一种阻碍，而是一道道桥梁，将各种不同的思想连接在一起)”可知，作者从沉默到勇敢发言，再到获得认可，这段经历教会作者勇敢地掌控自己的叙事。B项“bravely”（勇敢地）呼应“从自卑到自信” 的转变；故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的口音是我的一部分特质，而非需要消除的缺陷。A. identity身份；B. personality个性；C. advantage优点；D. dignity尊严。根据常识和下文“In a world hungry for different voices, believing in the value of our own voices is the boldest act.”可知，口音是作者身份的一部分（来自非英语国家的背景），而非需要消除的缺陷，坚信自己声音的价值，本身就是最勇敢的举动。A项“identity”（身份）符合“口音与个人背景关联” 的语境。故选A。 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 With nations preparing to spend billions to redesign their cities with a new focus on cycling, it’s worth remembering ____11____ the invention of the bicycle transformed the world. When the first safety bicycles, or modern-day bicycles, were invented in the late 19th century, a bicycle boom ____12____ (flood) the nation. The bicycle became the must-have transportation, which was lightweight, affordable and fast. With a bicycle, anything seemed possible, and ordinary people set off on many extraordinary ____13____ (journey). Also, as women deserted their burdensome skirts, bicycles gave them newfound freedom of movement. 【答案】11. how 12. flooded 13. journeys 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述各国正准备投入数十亿美元重新规划城市，将重点放在骑行上，介绍了自行车发明对世界产生的深远影响，包括19世纪末自行车热潮的兴起、自行车的轻便经济等优点，以及它如何推动普通人进行非凡旅行并赋予妇女新的自由。 【11题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：各国正准备投入数十亿美元重新规划城市，将新的重点放在骑行上，此时值得记住自行车的发明是如何改变世界的。分析句子结构可知，remember后接宾语从句，结合句意以及下文讲述自行车的发明对世界的影响可知，此从句表示“自行车的发明如何改变世界”，应用连接副词how引导，作方式状语，表“如何”。故填how。 【12题详解】 考查时态。句意：19世纪末，当第一批安全自行车（即现代自行车）被发明出来时，自行车热潮席卷了全国。此空考查谓语动词，主语a bicycle boom与flood为主动关系，再根据时间状语“in the late 19th century”可知，这里应用一般过去时陈述过去的事情。故填flooded。 【13题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：有了自行车，似乎一切都成为可能，普通人开启了许多非凡的旅程。空前many后接可数名词复数形式，journey的复数为journeys，符合语境。故填journeys。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The brain is the centre of the nervous system and controls most of the body’s activities. Interestingly, it is the back part of the brain that ___14___ (involve) with our vision. The sides of the brain govern memory, speech and rhythm. Although the brain amounts to only about 2% of total body ___15___ (weigh), it uses up to 20% of the body’s energy — more than any other organ. Scientists ___16___ (conduct) research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain, especially since the 1950s. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ. 【答案】14. is involved 15. weight 16. have conducted 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑的作用和相关知识。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：有趣的是，与视觉相关的正是大脑后部。大脑两侧掌管记忆、语言和节律。此处描述大脑后部与视觉的关系，需用被动语态的固定搭配be involved with表示“与……相关”。主语the back part是单数，且陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is involved。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管大脑仅占身体总重量的2%，它却消耗高达20%的身体能量——远超其他器官。空格前有body修饰，需名词形式作介词of的宾语。weigh的名词是weight，不可数，且body weight“体重”是固定搭配。故填weight。 【16题详解】 考查时态。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，科学家们一直在开展研究以深入了解大脑。句中有时间标志词since the 1950s，强调动作从过去持续至今，需用现在完成时，主语Scientists为复数。故填have conducted。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the South Pacific lies a peaceful paradise that may soon disappear. One of the world’s smallest and least-visited nations, Tuvalu (图瓦卢) has gained global attention for its fight against ___17___ (rise) seas. With its 26 square kilometers of land lying just 2 meters above sea level, Tuvalu’s existence is ___18___ threat. NASA scientists predict that by 2050 tides will have submerged (淹没) half of Funafuti, ___19___ most Tuvaluans live. Despite contributing little to climate change, Tuvalu suffers its worst effects. ___20___ (buy) time, Tuvalu is building sea walls and artificial land and has introduced salt-resistant crops and above-ground gardening. Tuvalu’s spirit remains strong despite the challenges. With global support and innovation, the island paradise can continue to exist. 【答案】17. rising 18. under 19. where 20. To buy 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了南太平洋小国图瓦卢因海平面上升而面临消失的危险，以及该国为应对气候变化所采取的措施。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：图瓦卢因其对抗海平面上升的斗争而受到全球关注。设空处需要修饰名词“seas”，rise和seas为主动关系，且表动作的持续，应用现在分词形式，作定语。故填rising。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：图瓦卢的存在受到威胁。固定搭配“under threat”表示“受到威胁”。故填under。 【19题详解】 考查关系副词。句意：NASA科学家预测，到2050年，潮水将淹没一半的富纳富提，那里是大多数图瓦卢人居住的地方。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“Funafuti”，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词“where”。故填where。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了争取时间，图瓦卢正在修建海堤和人工土地，并引进了耐盐作物和地上园艺。设空处表示目的，用不定式“To buy”作目的状语。故填To buy。 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow (赋予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses, totaling 20, 000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away. At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our learners, not for any third party. And it’s all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat. Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom. Choose Your Subscription and Get Started 1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months $12. 95/m $8. 95/m $7. 45/m $6. 95/m Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren’t satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days. Contact & Support: customerservice@ lancom. com 21. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? A. Culture researchers. B. Language experts. C. AI specialists. D. Art designers. 22 What lies at the core of the Lancom app? A. A flexible system. B. The informative content. C. An effective approach. D. The brain-training technique. 23. Lancom claims that it is unique in its _________. A. multiple languages B. service team C. price policy D. personalised courses 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Lancom这一全球性语言学习应用的特点、优势及订阅方案等信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow (赋予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. (在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究人员的建议下，我们的多语言专家为Lancom在语言学习领域赋予了巨大的创新潜力。)”可知，是语言专家为Lancom在语言学习方面提供了巨大的创新潜力。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. (Lancom的核心是一种世界级的有效方法，它利用先进技术增强语言学习。)”可知，Lancom应用的核心是一种有效的方法。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. (Lancom是唯一一款提供根据你的母语量身定制课程的产品，它以你已经知道的语法和单词为基础。)”可知，Lancom声称其独特之处在于个性化课程。故选D。 B With the invention of the interlocking plastic brick, a favorite toy of generations, LEGO was a poster child for business innovation—that is, until it wasn’t. From its establishment in the 1930s to its brush with bankruptcy in 2003 and its subsequent turnaround, LEGO tried every approach to managing innovation, some resulting in spectacular success and others in great failure. “No innovation lasts forever, ” said David Robertson, author of Brick by Brick: How LEGO Rewrote the Rules of Innovation and Conquered the Global Toy Industry. “Sometimes you get hyper growth for a couple of years, sometimes you get steady growth for longer. But innovations run their course. ” Among the innovation lessons to be learned from those firms are that companies must have a variety of tools in the toolbox and don’t be afraid to use them, listen deeply to the customers, and prepare for a steady diet of continuous reinvention to remain relevant, even as an iconic brand. Just as David Robertson says, “Understand who your customer is, what they care about—that’s the way to think about innovation. ” First, respect what made you great. LEGO learned that in a new digital landscape it was no longer enough to offer a box of plastic bricks—the brick had become a product. But the brick was still necessary, because that’s what customers expected of the brand. Through trial and error and a number of failed digital-only initiatives, LEGO discovered customers wanted digital experiences that enhanced core offerings, rather than replaced them. Centering innovation around the brick-based construction experience through new stories, games, and experiences is what drove customers back to the LEGO brand and returned the company to profitability. Second, maintain a customer-centric development process. When the big box stores took over from its ecosystem of small toy stores, LEGO lost an important channel for getting reliable customer feedback. LEGO began to evolve product development practices to support design thinking principles, empowering experts to come up with ideas for new products based on that critical customer input. Today, LEGO regularly engages children in the process of character development, storytelling, and providing feedback on new playset ideas. Third, develop a family of complementary innovations to distinguish yourself from competitors. Innovation leaders need to lean on a range of different approaches for innovation, since strategies will vary depending on the scenario (情景) and business goals. It’s important to nurture a culture that’s able to shift gears if traditional methods don’t deliver desired results. 24. According to the passage, what is the most important factor for Lego’s success? A. Reflecting the failures. B. Remaining an iconic brand. C. Satisfying all kids’ needs. D. Fostering constant innovation. 25. As for the first lesson from Lego, which quote would the author agree with? A. Sometimes knowing where not to compete is just as important as knowing where to compete. B. Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing. C. The only thing worse than starting something and failing is not starting something. D. Business opportunities are like buses—there’s always another one coming. 26. The word “complementary” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _________. A. competing. B. additional. C. welcome. D. technical. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍乐高公司的创新历程、危机及从其经验中提炼的三条创新启示。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Among the innovation lessons to be learned from those firms are that companies must have a variety of tools in the toolbox and don’t be afraid to use them, listen deeply to the customers, and prepare for a steady diet of continuous reinvention to remain relevant, even as an iconic brand. Just as David Robertson says, “Understand who your customer is, what they care about—that’s the way to think about innovation.”(从这些公司身上可以学到的创新经验包括：企业的工具箱里必须有各种各样的工具，并且要敢于使用它们；要深入倾听客户的意见；即使是标志性品牌，也要准备好持续不断地重塑自身，以保持相关性。正如大卫·罗伯逊所说：“了解你的客户是谁，他们关心什么——这才是思考创新的方式”)”可知，乐高成功的关键在于持续推进创新，满足客户需求。故选D项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First, respect what made you great. LEGO learned that in a new digital landscape it was no longer enough to offer a box of plastic bricks—the brick had become a product. But the brick was still necessary, because that’s what customers expected of the brand. Through trial and error and a number of failed digital-only initiatives, LEGO discovered customers wanted digital experiences that enhanced core offerings, rather than replaced them.(首先，尊重让你变得优秀的东西。乐高认识到，在新的数字环境中，只提供一盒塑料积木已经不够了——积木已经成为一种产品。但积木仍然是必要的，因为这是客户对该品牌的期望。经过反复试验和多次纯数字化项目的失败，乐高发现客户想要的是能增强核心产品（而非替代核心产品）的数字化体验。)”可知，乐高在数字化浪潮中，最初尝试纯数字化项目失败，后发现客户需要 “增强核心产品（积木）而非替代” 的数字化体验，最终围绕积木构建体验创新，重新赢得客户。这体现了 “明确创新方向，不盲目偏离核心优势” 的思路。A选项“Sometimes knowing where not to compete is just as important as knowing where to compete.(有时知道不该在何处竞争，和知道该在何处竞争同样重要)”与该理念一致——乐高没有放弃“积木”这一核心去盲目竞争纯数字化市场，而是围绕核心创新。故选A项。 【26题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的 “Third, develop a family of complementary innovations to distinguish yourself from competitors. Innovation leaders need to lean on a range of different approaches for innovation, since strategies will vary depending on the scenario (情景) and business goals. It’s important to nurture a culture that’s able to shift gears if traditional methods don’t deliver desired results. (发展一系列complementary创新，以让自己区别于竞争对手。创新领导者需要依靠多种不同的创新方法，因为策略会根据情景和业务目标而变化。如果传统方法无法带来预期结果，培养一种能够转变方式的文化就很重要。)” 可知，后文a range of different approaches（多种不同方法）是对complementary innovations的解释 —— 这些创新不是单一类型，而是能相互配合、补充的不同创新形式，共同形成企业的竞争优势。由此可推断 “complementary” 意为 “互补的、补充性的”，与 B 选项 “additional（额外的，补充性的）” 含义最接近。故选B项。 C In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 27. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 28. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 29. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 30. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 【点睛】 D The industrial revolution was one of the most important events in human history. Over a handful of decades, technological breakthroughs kicked economic output off its centuries-long low plateau and sent populations, living standards and life expectancy soaring. Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off. One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations. Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution. Prominent British thinkers including Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton championed a progress-oriented view of the world, centered on the idea that science and experimentation were key to increasing human wellbeing. While persuasive, Mokyr’s theory has until recently been only that: a theory. But a fascinating paper published last month puts some evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the contents of 173,031 books printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking how the frequency of different terms changed over time. They found a marked increase in the use of terms related to progress and innovation starting in the early 17th century. Extending the same analysis to the present, a striking picture emerges: over the past 60 years the west has begun to shift away from the culture of progress, and towards one of caution, worry and risk-aversion, with economic growth slowing over the same period. The frequency of terms related to progress, improvement and the future has dropped by about 25 percent since the 1960s, while those related to threats, risks and worries have become several times more common. That simultaneous rise in language associated with caution could well be not a coincidence but an equal and opposite force acting against growth and progress. Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time. Some may counter that a rebalancing of priorities from perpetual advancement to caution is a good thing, but this could be a catastrophic mistake. As well as economic growth, the drive for progress brought us modern medicine, significantly longer and healthier lives, plentiful food supplies, dramatic reductions in poverty, and ever more and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the modern world will be solved by more focus on progress, not less. If we are to avoid backsliding, advocates for innovation, growth and abundance must defeat the doomers. 31. What is suggested about the industrial revolution from the first two paragraphs? A. Its cause is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. B. Its progress triggered Britain’s institutional reforms. C. Its success is mainly due to British economic policies. D. Its innovations increased interactions among populations 32. Which of the following is true of Mokyr’s theory? A. It owes the industrial revolution to commercial success. B. Its persuasiveness is supported by abundant evidence. C. It stresses the role of cultural change in promoting progress. D. Its focus is on the impact of science upon cultural change. 33. Ruxandra Teslo argues that modern society is ________. A. increasingly focused on technological advances B. prioritizing economic growth over science C. struggling with technological skepticism D. being shaped by multiple ideologies 34. What might be the best title for this article? A. The Industrial Revolution: Key Inventions and Economic Impact B. Progress Culture: Its Role in History and Risks of Decline Today C. Debating Technological Skepticism: Pros and Cons of Caution D. How Economic Growth Slows: Analyzing 60 Years of Data 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨工业革命的成因及相关理论，还分析当下西方社会“进步文化”衰退现象，并强调重视进步对解决现代挑战的重要性。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off.(然而，尽管它至关重要，人们对这一切为何会发生仍存在分歧。)”以及第二段中的“One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations.(最有说服力的观点之一来自美国经济历史学家罗伯特·艾伦，他认为英国在16和17世纪的商业成功推高了工资，降低了能源成本，从而产生了用能源和资本替代劳动力以及实现制造流程机械化的强烈动机。另一些人则更强调英国制度的作用，而有些人则认为，创新思想是在不断增长和密集的人口之间互动增加的结果。)”可知，对于工业革命的起因，不同学者有不同观点，说明其成因仍是学术界持续争论的话题。故选A项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution.(另一个有趣的理论来自经济历史学家乔尔·莫基尔，他认为是更广泛的文化变革为工业革命奠定了基础。)”可知，莫基尔的理论强调了文化变革在推动工业革命（进步）中的作用。故选C项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time.(鲁克桑德拉·特斯洛是科学、经济和政策交汇领域中日益壮大的关注进步的作家群体之一，她认为，现代社会中对技术日益增长的怀疑态度以及零和思维的兴起，是我们这个时代标志性的意识形态挑战之一。)”可知，鲁克桑德拉·特斯洛认为现代社会正受技术怀疑主义的困扰。故选C项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出工业革命及其成因争议，第二、三段介绍不同学者对工业革命成因的理论（尤其莫基尔强调的文化变革），第四段用研究证据支持莫基尔理论中“进步文化”的作用，第五至七段转而分析当下西方“进步文化”衰退、谨慎文化兴起的现象及危害，并强调重视进步的重要性。因此“进步文化：其在历史中的作用及如今衰退的风险”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Eating meat is not a crime against the planet — if it’s done right. I have huge admiration for George Monbiot, a well-known columnist. His work has highlighted the urgent need to reduce our CO2 emissions and switch to greener energy. He has also shown intensive farming’s (密集耕种) role in the dramatic levels of species decline and biodiversity loss. Much of what he writes is in line with my stand. ____35____ It is undeniable that the farming revolution of the 1950s has started a war on nature. These intensive ways of producing food are polluting our land and waterways. ____36____ We need to change the way we eat and produce food, and fast. ____37____ But in a recent article, he wrote that organic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “world’s most damaging farm products.” He criticizes “chefs and foodies” like me for focusing on regenerative grazing — farming that aims to repair, rebuild, revitalize and restore ecosystem function. His alternative vision includes a revolution in creating food in labs from microbes and water. Although not opposed to the idea of lab-grown food, I am much more for small-scale community-driven farming. ____38____ Methods that regenerative farmers propose have shown how non-intensive livestock, when managed well, can increase topsoil more than previously thought, which can then build up biomass (carbon) and keep precious rainwater. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, small-scale farmers currently produce about a third of our food. ____39____ These inventions in new food technology are heavily patented, pushing the future of our food supply further into the hands of an increasingly small and powerful collection of multinational food players. In our race to look for better systems of food production, we cannot afford to ignore the risks. A. Thus far Monbiot and I agree. B. Monbiot’s enthusiasm for creating food in labs worries me. C. That is because I believe in the potential of food to be a force for good. D. Regenerative farming has produced untested food through small-scale farms. E. The health impact of processed foods gets very little attention from the government. F. In consequence, they have heated up our planet and contributed to a crisis in human health. G. However, regarding the solutions needed to change our farming and food systems, we have different views. 【答案】35. G 36. F 37. A 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者与George Monbiot在农业生产方式上的分歧，作者强调了可持续农业的重要性，并表达了对实验室生产食物的担忧。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Much of what he writes is in line with my stand.(他写的大部分内容与我的立场一致)”和第三段中“But in a recent article, he wrote that organic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “world’s most damaging farm products.” He criticizes “chefs and foodies” like me for focusing on regenerative grazing — farming that aims to repair, rebuild, revitalize and restore ecosystem function.(但在最近的一篇文章中，他写道，有机的、牧场喂养的牛肉和羊肉是“世界上最具破坏性的农产品”。他批评像我这样的“厨师和美食家”专注于再生放牧——旨在修复、重建、振兴和恢复生态系统功能的农业)”可知，作者和Monbiot的观点虽然有很多一致之处，但在农业生产方式上的观点出现了分歧。故G选项“However, regarding the solutions needed to change our farming and food systems, we have different views.(然而，关于改变我们的农业和食品系统所需的解决方案，我们有不同的看法)”总领全文，表明文章主要讨论了作者与George Monbiot在农业生产方式上的分歧，是文章的主题句。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“These intensive ways of producing food are polluting our land and waterways.(这些集约化的食品生产方式正在污染我们的土地和水道)”可知，集约化的食品生产方式对环境造成了污染。F选项“In consequence, they have heated up our planet and contributed to a crisis in human health.(因此，它们使我们的星球变暖，并导致了人类健康危机)”承接上文，具体阐述了这种污染带来的后果，即加剧全球变暖，并引发人类健康危机，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 【37题详解】 根据第二段中“It is undeniable that the farming revolution of the 1950s has started a war on nature. These intensive ways of producing food are polluting our land and waterways.(不可否认的是，20世纪50年代的农业革命已经引发了一场对自然的战争。这些集约化的食品生产方式正在污染我们的土地和水道)”可知，作者认同Monbiot关于集约化农业对环境造成破坏的观点。再根据下文“But in a recent article, he wrote that organic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “world’s most damaging farm products.” He criticizes “chefs and foodies” like me for focusing on regenerative grazing — farming that aims to repair, rebuild, revitalize and restore ecosystem function.(但在最近的一篇文章中，他写道，有机的、牧场喂养的牛肉和羊肉是“世界上最具破坏性的农产品”。他批评像我这样的“厨师和美食家”专注于再生放牧——旨在修复、重建、振兴和恢复生态系统功能的农业)”可知，作者和Monbiot在农业生产方式上的观点出现了分歧。A选项“Thus far Monbiot and I agree.(到目前为止，Monbiot和我都同意)”承上启下，首先重复第二段中作者和Monbiot在集约化农业对环境造成破坏这一点上看法一致，然后引出下文的分歧，上下文逻辑连贯。故选A项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Although not opposed to the idea of lab-grown food, I am much more for small-scale community-driven farming.(虽然我不反对实验室种植食物的想法，但我更支持小规模的社区驱动农业)”可知，作者更倾向于小规模的社区驱动农业。C选项“That is because I believe in the potential of food to be a force for good.(那是因为我相信食物有成为一股向善的力量的潜力)”符合语境，解释了作者支持小规模的社区驱动农业的原因，即作者相信食物有成为一股向善的力量的潜力。故选C项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“These inventions in new food technology are heavily patented, pushing the future of our food supply further into the hands of an increasingly small and powerful collection of multinational food players.(这些新食品技术的发明被大量申请专利，使我们食品供应的未来进一步落入越来越少但越来越强大的跨国食品企业手中)”可知，作者对实验室生产食物的未来表示担忧，认为这可能会使食品供应的控制权更加集中。B选项“Monbiot’s enthusiasm for creating food in labs worries me.(Monbiot对实验室生产食物的热情让我担心)”符合语境，引起下文，表明作者对Monbiot提出的实验室生产食物的看法表示担忧。故选B项。 第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline. She bent down to pick some up but quickly realized there were far too many tiny pieces to handle. “When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up, ” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist—starting with research. That’s how she discovered that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year. Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. Her ROV, made from PVC pipes, features two main systems: a navigation system and a detection system. The navigation system uses propellers and a combination of fishing weights and foam floats (lightweight materials that keep the device floating) to move up and down. The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. Actually, the device doesn’t collect microplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied for a patent on the Rov’s key components. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics—unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface—she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ (在现场) . Her ROV impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct, ” says Casey Mach Ado, an engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable. ” “I want to be an engineer because I love building things to help solve global problems, ” says Du. “But I’m not sure yet what kind of engineer I want to be. ” At her age, she has plenty of time to figure that out. 40. What did Anna Du notice when she was walking along the beach? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How does the detection system of ROV work? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics, Anna Du thought it necessary to take water samples and analyze them in a lab. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Among Anna Du’s qualities, which one (s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Plastic scattered across the shoreline. 41.  It uses infrared cameras and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. 42. False part： take water samples and analyze them in a lab 43. Her problem-solving ability is crucial. When facing plastic pollution, she researched and built an innovative ROV instead of giving up. This shows how critical thinking and persistence help tackle real-world problems.  【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了六年级学生Anna Du在波士顿南部城堡岛海滩发现塑料垃圾污染问题后，通过研究，设计并制造了一款用于探测海底微塑料的遥控潜水器，其创新设计获得专家认可，展现了她解决全球问题的决心和出色的工程天赋。 【40题详解】 根据第一段“Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline.(Anna Du 在波士顿南部的城堡岛海滩散步时，注意到塑料散落满整个海岸线。)”可知，Anna Du在海滩散步时注意到的是散落满海岸线的塑料。故答案为：Plastic scattered across the shoreline. 【41题详解】 根据第二段“The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants.（然而，探测系统才是真正的创新之处。它利用红外相机和光的波长来识别微塑料，使微塑料在沙子和植物中凸显出来。）”可知，ROV 探测系统的工作原理是利用红外相机和光的波长识别微塑料，使其在沙子和植物中凸显。故答案为：It uses infrared cameras and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. 【42题详解】 根据第三段“Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ (在现场).(采集水样并在实验室进行分析，永远无法达到所需规模。相反，她需要一个移动实验室来现场探测塑料。)”可知，Anna Du 认为“采集水样并在实验室分析”无法满足需求，并非“认为有必要”，因此该表述中错误部分为take water samples and analyze them in a lab。故答案为：False part： take water samples and analyze them in a lab 【43题详解】 根据第一段 “Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist — starting with research.(Du没有放弃，而是像一位优秀的科学家一样着手解决问题——从研究开始。)”和第四段“Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable.(她分解问题并创造解决方案的能力非常出色。)”可知，Anna Du的“不放弃、善于研究、分解问题并创造解决方案” 等品质很重要。即：她的解决问题的能力至关重要。面对塑料污染，她研究并建造了一种创新的ROV，而不是放弃。这表明批判性思维和毅力如何帮助解决现实世界的问题。故答案为Her problem-solving ability is crucial. When facing plastic pollution, she researched and built an innovative ROV instead of giving up. This shows how critical thinking and persistence help tackle real-world problems. 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 得知你校上周举办主题为“未来校园”的科技创新大赛，你所在团队设计的作品在比赛中获奖。他对你表示祝贺，并询问相关情况。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 作品介绍及创作理由; 2. 获奖感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thanks a lot for your warm congratulations! Our team created a “Green Campus Monitor” — a small device that tracks energy use in classrooms and sends alerts when lights or AC are left on. We designed it because we noticed much energy waste at school, and we wanted to make our campus more eco-friendly for the future. The achievement means a lot to us. Winning the prize made us really excited, and it also encouraged us to keep using technology to solve more problems in school life. I’ll share more photos of our device with you soon. It was great to hear from you! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，给英国好友Jim介绍在“未来校园”的科技创新大赛获奖作品的情况以及自己的获奖感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 注意：notice→observe 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 鼓励：encourage→motivate 解决：solve→handle 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Winning the prize made us really excited, and it also encouraged us to keep using technology to solve more problems in school life. 拓展句：What made us really excited was that winning the prize encouraged us to keep using technology to solve more problems in school life. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Our team created a “Green Campus Monitor” — a small device that tracks energy use in classrooms and sends alerts when lights or AC are left on.（运用了that引导的限定性定语从句，when引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】We designed it because we noticed much energy waste at school, and we wanted to make our campus more eco-friendly for the future.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 牛栏山一中2025-2026学年度第一学期9月月考 英语试卷 2025. 9 本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Arriving in the U.K. for university, I was eager to join political science debates. In my first tutorial, I presented ideas on global inequality, but my stumbling speech and thick accent left others ___1___ —no one understood my points. I felt invisible, my voice lost in a haze of mispronunciations and awkward pauses. This experience slowly weakened my confidence. I stopped speaking in class, convinced that my “broken English” was ___2___ of attention. One day, I heard a speech by Chimamanda Adichie, and a quote from it ___3___ me: staying silent allowed others to “define my story”. I promised to reclaim my voice—not by ___4___ my accent, but by mastering clarity. I carefully recorded each practice speech, adjusting tone and pace until my meaning ___5___ and sought feedback to prioritize structure over perfection. ___6___ , small signs of progress emerged: a classmate leaning in with a nod, and a tutor scribbling “excellent point” beside my name. The turning point came during a debate on refugee (难民) policies. Hands trembling, I started to share my living experience in Lagos. The room fell ___7___ . When I finished, the tutor said, “That’s the ___8___ we’ve been missing”. For the first time, my words felt not like barriers, but bridges connecting diverse minds. This journey taught me to own my narrative ___9___ . My accent is a part of my ____10____ , not a flaw to erase. Language, I’ve realized, requires the courage to share truth. In a world hungry for different voices, believing in the value of our own voices is the boldest act. 1. A. unfavorable B. unbelievable C. unsupportive D. unresponsive 2. A. incapable B. unworthy C. free D. typical 3. A. shocked B. confused C. pleased D. struck 4. A. exaggerating B. cultivating C. masking D. acquiring 5. A. cut in B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 6. A. Gradually B. Randomly C. Punctually D. Regularly 7. A. dark B. empty C. silent D. still 8. A. lesson B. wisdom C. perspective D. opportunity 9. A. cautiously B. bravely C. skeptically D. attentively 10. A. identity B. personality C. advantage D. dignity 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 With nations preparing to spend billions to redesign their cities with a new focus on cycling, it’s worth remembering ____11____ the invention of the bicycle transformed the world. When the first safety bicycles, or modern-day bicycles, were invented in the late 19th century, a bicycle boom ____12____ (flood) the nation. The bicycle became the must-have transportation, which was lightweight, affordable and fast. With a bicycle, anything seemed possible, and ordinary people set off on many extraordinary ____13____ (journey). Also, as women deserted their burdensome skirts, bicycles gave them newfound freedom of movement. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The brain is the centre of the nervous system and controls most of the body’s activities. Interestingly, it is the back part of the brain that ___14___ (involve) with our vision. The sides of the brain govern memory, speech and rhythm. Although the brain amounts to only about 2% of total body ___15___ (weigh), it uses up to 20% of the body’s energy — more than any other organ. Scientists ___16___ (conduct) research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain, especially since the 1950s. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the South Pacific lies a peaceful paradise that may soon disappear. One of the world’s smallest and least-visited nations, Tuvalu (图瓦卢) has gained global attention for its fight against ___17___ (rise) seas. With its 26 square kilometers of land lying just 2 meters above sea level, Tuvalu’s existence is ___18___ threat. NASA scientists predict that by 2050 tides will have submerged (淹没) half of Funafuti, ___19___ most Tuvaluans live. Despite contributing little to climate change, Tuvalu suffers its worst effects. ___20___ (buy) time, Tuvalu is building sea walls and artificial land and has introduced salt-resistant crops and above-ground gardening. Tuvalu’s spirit remains strong despite the challenges. With global support and innovation, the island paradise can continue to exist. 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow (赋予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses, totaling 20, 000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away. At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our learners, not for any third party. And it’s all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat. Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom. Choose Your Subscription and Get Started 1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months $12. 95/m $8. 95/m $7. 45/m $6. 95/m Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren’t satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days. Contact & Support: customerservice@ lancom. com 21. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? A. Culture researchers. B. Language experts. C. AI specialists. D. Art designers. 22. What lies at the core of the Lancom app? A. A flexible system. B. The informative content. C. An effective approach. D. The brain-training technique. 23. Lancom claims that it is unique in its _________. A. multiple languages B. service team C. price policy D. personalised courses B With the invention of the interlocking plastic brick, a favorite toy of generations, LEGO was a poster child for business innovation—that is, until it wasn’t. From its establishment in the 1930s to its brush with bankruptcy in 2003 and its subsequent turnaround, LEGO tried every approach to managing innovation, some resulting in spectacular success and others in great failure. “No innovation lasts forever, ” said David Robertson, author of Brick by Brick: How LEGO Rewrote the Rules of Innovation and Conquered the Global Toy Industry. “Sometimes you get hyper growth for a couple of years, sometimes you get steady growth for longer. But innovations run their course. ” Among the innovation lessons to be learned from those firms are that companies must have a variety of tools in the toolbox and don’t be afraid to use them, listen deeply to the customers, and prepare for a steady diet of continuous reinvention to remain relevant, even as an iconic brand. Just as David Robertson says, “Understand who your customer is, what they care about—that’s the way to think about innovation. ” First, respect what made you great. LEGO learned that in a new digital landscape it was no longer enough to offer a box of plastic bricks—the brick had become a product. But the brick was still necessary, because that’s what customers expected of the brand. Through trial and error and a number of failed digital-only initiatives, LEGO discovered customers wanted digital experiences that enhanced core offerings, rather than replaced them. Centering innovation around the brick-based construction experience through new stories, games, and experiences is what drove customers back to the LEGO brand and returned the company to profitability. Second, maintain a customer-centric development process. When the big box stores took over from its ecosystem of small toy stores, LEGO lost an important channel for getting reliable customer feedback. LEGO began to evolve product development practices to support design thinking principles, empowering experts to come up with ideas for new products based on that critical customer input. Today, LEGO regularly engages children in the process of character development, storytelling, and providing feedback on new playset ideas. Third, develop a family of complementary innovations to distinguish yourself from competitors. Innovation leaders need to lean on a range of different approaches for innovation, since strategies will vary depending on the scenario (情景) and business goals. It’s important to nurture a culture that’s able to shift gears if traditional methods don’t deliver desired results. 24. According to the passage, what is the most important factor for Lego’s success? A. Reflecting the failures. B. Remaining an iconic brand. C. Satisfying all kids’ needs. D. Fostering constant innovation. 25. As for the first lesson from Lego, which quote would the author agree with? A. Sometimes knowing where not to compete is just as important as knowing where to compete. B. Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing. C. The only thing worse than starting something and failing is not starting something. D. Business opportunities are like buses—there’s always another one coming. 26. The word “complementary” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _________. A. competing. B. additional. C. welcome. D. technical. C In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 27. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 28. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 29. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 30. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. D The industrial revolution was one of the most important events in human history. Over a handful of decades, technological breakthroughs kicked economic output off its centuries-long low plateau and sent populations, living standards and life expectancy soaring. Yet for all its vital importance, there is still disagreement over why all this took off. One of the most compelling arguments comes from US economic historian Robert Allen, who argues that Britain’s successes in commerce in the 16th and 17th centuries pushed wages up and energy costs down, creating strong incentives to substitute energy and capital for labor and to mechanize manufacturing processes. Others place greater emphasis on the role of UK institutions, while some argue that innovative ideas emerged as a result of increasing interactions among growing and densifying populations. Another interesting theory is that of economic historian Joel Mokyr, who argues that it was broader cultural change that laid the groundwork for the industrial revolution. Prominent British thinkers including Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton championed a progress-oriented view of the world, centered on the idea that science and experimentation were key to increasing human wellbeing. While persuasive, Mokyr’s theory has until recently been only that: a theory. But a fascinating paper published last month puts some evidence behind the argument. The researchers analyzed the contents of 173,031 books printed in England between 1500 and 1900, tracking how the frequency of different terms changed over time. They found a marked increase in the use of terms related to progress and innovation starting in the early 17th century. Extending the same analysis to the present, a striking picture emerges: over the past 60 years the west has begun to shift away from the culture of progress, and towards one of caution, worry and risk-aversion, with economic growth slowing over the same period. The frequency of terms related to progress, improvement and the future has dropped by about 25 percent since the 1960s, while those related to threats, risks and worries have become several times more common. That simultaneous rise in language associated with caution could well be not a coincidence but an equal and opposite force acting against growth and progress. Ruxandra Teslo, one of a growing community of progress-focused writers at the Nexus of science, economics and policy, argues that the growing skepticism around technology and the rise in zero-sum thinking in modern society is one of the defining ideological challenges of our time. Some may counter that a rebalancing of priorities from perpetual advancement to caution is a good thing, but this could be a catastrophic mistake. As well as economic growth, the drive for progress brought us modern medicine, significantly longer and healthier lives, plentiful food supplies, dramatic reductions in poverty, and ever more and ever cheaper renewable energy. The challenges facing the modern world will be solved by more focus on progress, not less. If we are to avoid backsliding, advocates for innovation, growth and abundance must defeat the doomers. 31. What is suggested about the industrial revolution from the first two paragraphs? A. Its cause is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. B. Its progress triggered Britain’s institutional reforms. C. Its success is mainly due to British economic policies. D. Its innovations increased interactions among populations 32. Which of the following is true of Mokyr’s theory? A. It owes the industrial revolution to commercial success. B. Its persuasiveness is supported by abundant evidence. C. It stresses the role of cultural change in promoting progress. D. Its focus is on the impact of science upon cultural change. 33. Ruxandra Teslo argues that modern society is ________. A. increasingly focused on technological advances B. prioritizing economic growth over science C. struggling with technological skepticism D. being shaped by multiple ideologies 34. What might be the best title for this article? A. The Industrial Revolution: Key Inventions and Economic Impact B. Progress Culture: Its Role in History and Risks of Decline Today C. Debating Technological Skepticism: Pros and Cons of Caution D. How Economic Growth Slows: Analyzing 60 Years of Data 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Eating meat is not a crime against the planet — if it’s done right. I have huge admiration for George Monbiot, a well-known columnist. His work has highlighted the urgent need to reduce our CO2 emissions and switch to greener energy. He has also shown intensive farming’s (密集耕种) role in the dramatic levels of species decline and biodiversity loss. Much of what he writes is in line with my stand. ____35____ It is undeniable that the farming revolution of the 1950s has started a war on nature. These intensive ways of producing food are polluting our land and waterways. ____36____ We need to change the way we eat and produce food, and fast. ____37____ But in a recent article, he wrote that organic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “world’s most damaging farm products.” He criticizes “chefs and foodies” like me for focusing on regenerative grazing — farming that aims to repair, rebuild, revitalize and restore ecosystem function. His alternative vision includes a revolution in creating food in labs from microbes and water. Although not opposed to the idea of lab-grown food, I am much more for small-scale community-driven farming. ____38____ Methods that regenerative farmers propose have shown how non-intensive livestock, when managed well, can increase topsoil more than previously thought, which can then build up biomass (carbon) and keep precious rainwater. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, small-scale farmers currently produce about a third of our food. ____39____ These inventions in new food technology are heavily patented, pushing the future of our food supply further into the hands of an increasingly small and powerful collection of multinational food players. In our race to look for better systems of food production, we cannot afford to ignore the risks. A. Thus far Monbiot and I agree. B. Monbiot’s enthusiasm for creating food in labs worries me. C. That is because I believe in the potential of food to be a force for good. D Regenerative farming has produced untested food through small-scale farms. E. The health impact of processed foods gets very little attention from the government. F. In consequence, they have heated up our planet and contributed to a crisis in human health. G. However, regarding the solutions needed to change our farming and food systems, we have different views. 第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Anna Du was walking along the beach at Castle Island in South Boston when she noticed plastic scattered (散落) across the shoreline. She bent down to pick some up but quickly realized there were far too many tiny pieces to handle. “When I saw how much plastic there was, it seemed impossible to clean it all up, ” recalls Du, who was in sixth grade at the time. Instead of giving up, Du tackled the problem like any good scientist—starting with research. That’s how she discovered that 8 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans every year. Inspired by her findings, Du decided to build a remote-operated vehicle (ROV) to detect microplastics on the ocean floor. Her ROV, made from PVC pipes, features two main systems: a navigation system and a detection system. The navigation system uses propellers and a combination of fishing weights and foam floats (lightweight materials that keep the device floating) to move up and down. The detection system, however, is the real innovation. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths to spot microplastics, making them stand out against sand and plants. Actually, the device doesn’t collect microplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied for a patent on the Rov’s key components. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics—unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are not floating on the surface—she knew an ROV would be the most efficient tool. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab could never be done on the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mobile lab to detect plastics in-situ (在现场) . Her ROV impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct, ” says Casey Mach Ado, an engineer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “Her ability to break down problems and create solutions is remarkable. ” “I want to be an engineer because I love building things to help solve global problems, ” says Du. “But I’m not sure yet what kind of engineer I want to be. ” At her age, she has plenty of time to figure that out. 40. What did Anna Du notice when she was walking along the beach? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. How does the detection system of ROV work? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Faced with the challenge of locating ocean microplastics, Anna Du thought it necessary to take water samples and analyze them in a lab. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Among Anna Du’s qualities, which one (s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你英国好友 Jim 得知你校上周举办主题为“未来校园”的科技创新大赛，你所在团队设计的作品在比赛中获奖。他对你表示祝贺，并询问相关情况。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 作品介绍及创作理由; 2. 获奖感受。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $