摘要:
该沪教版八上Unit 4 “Then and now”词汇知识清单系统梳理了28个核心单词及其词形变化、派生词、考点解析与典型例句,覆盖记忆、频度副词、交通工具、时间表达、形容词比较级、动词短语等五大语言范畴,构建了从“基础识记”到“语境运用”再到“文化理解”的阶梯式学习支架。
清单通过分类整理、分级标注和语境关联呈现完整知识体系,如将“seldom”“rarely”等频度副词统一归类并标注倒装规则,强化语法意识;对“belong to”“result in”等高频短语设置应用提示,提升语言能力;设计“易混点对比表”,如区分“except”与“except for”,培养思维品质。特别加入“记忆口诀”和“生活化例句”,如“nowadays常用于一般现在时,表示当前情况”,帮助学生快速掌握要点,教师可据此精准开展分层教学,助力学生自主复习与教师高效备课。
内容正文:
沪教版(五四学制) 八上 Unit 4 Then and now.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
memory /ˈmeməri/ n. 记忆 p. 52
复数:memories
memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ v. 记忆;记住
1. in memory of 为了纪念2. sweet memories 美好的回忆
1. These sweet memories always make me happy.(这些美好的回忆总让我开心。)2. We built a monument in memory of the heroes.(我们建了一座纪念碑纪念英雄们。)
2
seldom /ˈseldəm/ adv. 不常;很少 p. 52
无比较级/最高级(频度副词)
N/A
1. 表否定含义,放句首时句子部分倒装2. seldom go out 很少外出
1. He seldom eats fast food.(他很少吃快餐。)2. Seldom does she stay up late.(她很少熬夜。)
3
journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n. 旅行 p. 52
复数:journeys
N/A
1. a journey to... 去……的旅行2. long journey 长途旅行
1. We had a two-day journey to the mountain village.(我们去山村进行了两天的旅行。)2. The long journey made her very tired.(长途旅行让她非常疲惫。)
4
nowadays /ˈnaʊədeɪz/ adv. 现今;现在 p. 52
无词形变化
N/A
常用于一般现在时,表“当前情况”
1. Nowadays more people like to travel by plane.(现在更多人喜欢乘飞机旅行。)2. Nowadays students use computers to study.(现在学生们用电脑学习。)
5
truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车;货运汽车 p. 52
复数:trucks
N/A
1. by truck 乘卡车2. truck driver 卡车司机
1. The goods were transported by truck.(这些货物通过卡车运输。)2. His father is a truck driver.(他爸爸是一名卡车司机。)
6
wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的;宽阔的 p. 53
比较级:wider;最高级:widest
widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地
1. be + 数字 + wide 宽……(表尺寸)2. wide road 宽阔的道路
1. The river is about 100 meters wide.(这条河大约100米宽。)2. There is a wide road in front of our school.(我们学校前面有一条宽阔的马路。)
7
modern /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的;近代的 p. 53
比较级:more modern;最高级:most modern
modernize /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ v. 使现代化(初中选学)
1. modern life 现代生活2. modern technology 现代科技
1. We live in a modern city with tall buildings.(我们住在一座有高楼大厦的现代化城市。)2. Modern technology has changed our life a lot.(现代科技极大地改变了我们的生活。)
8
stay /steɪ/ n. 停留;逗留(时间) p. 53
复数:stays
N/A
1. a stay in... 在……的停留2. short stay 短暂停留
1. We had a short stay in Beijing last month.(上个月我们在北京短暂停留。)2. Her stay in the countryside was very enjoyable.(她在乡村的逗留非常愉快。)
9
tape /teɪp/ n. 磁带;录像带 p. 54
复数:tapes
N/A
1. tape recorder 录音机2. video tape 录像带
1. My grandpa has a lot of old music tapes.(我爷爷有很多旧音乐磁带。)2. We used a tape recorder to record the lecture.(我们用录音机录下了讲座。)
10
inside /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/ prep. 在(或向)……内 p. 54
无词形变化(介词/副词)
N/A
1. inside + 地点 在……里面(对应 outside)2. inside the house 在房子里
1. It's cold outside, so let's stay inside the room.(外面冷,我们待在房间里吧。)2. He put the book inside his schoolbag.(他把书放进了书包里。)
11
any more adv.(否定/疑问句末)再也(不),(不)再 p. 54
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
not...any more 不再(表动作终止)
1. I don't play this game any more.(我不再玩这个游戏了。)2. Does she visit you any more?(她还来看你吗?)
12
borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v. 借;借用 p. 54
过去式:borrowed;过去分词:borrowed
borrower /ˈbɒrəʊə(r)/ n. 借用人(初中选学)
borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借某物(对应 lend“借给”)
1. I borrowed a storybook from the library.(我从图书馆借了一本故事书。)2. Can I borrow your pen? I left mine at home.(我能借你的笔吗?我的落家里了。)
13
imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象;设想 p. 54
过去式:imagined;过去分词:imagined
imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事(不接 to do)
1. Can you imagine living on the moon?(你能想象住在月球上吗?)2. She imagined herself becoming a doctor.(她想象自己成为一名医生。)
14
roll /rəʊl/ n. 卷;卷轴 p. 55
复数:rolls
N/A
1. a roll of 一卷……2. roll of paper 一卷纸
1. My mom bought a roll of toilet paper from the supermarket.(妈妈从超市买了一卷卫生纸。)2. There is a roll of film in the camera.(相机里有一卷胶卷。)
15
record /ˈrekɔːd/ n. 唱片 p. 55
复数:records;v. /rɪˈkɔːd/ 记录(同形动词)
recorder /rɪˈkɔːdə(r)/ n. 录音机
1. music record 音乐唱片2. record player 唱片机
1. His father has a collection of old records.(他爸爸有一批旧唱片收藏。)2. We listened to a jazz record on the record player.(我们用唱片机听了一张爵士乐唱片。)
16
business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 公司;商业 p. 55
复数:businesses(表“公司”时)
businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ n. 商人
1. on business 出差2. do business 做生意
1. My uncle went to Shanghai on business yesterday.(我叔叔昨天去上海出差了。)2. His family has done business for many years.(他家做生意很多年了。)
17
except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外 p. 55
无词形变化
N/A
1. except + 名词/代词 除……之外(不包含在内)2. except for 除……之外(表整体中的小例外)
1. Everyone attended the meeting except Tom.(除了汤姆,所有人都参加了会议。)2. The room is clean except for a few books on the floor.(除了地上的几本书,房间很干净。)
18
belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在(某处) p. 55
过去式:belonged;过去分词:belonged
N/A
belong to sb. 属于某人(无被动语态)
1. This red pen belongs to my sister.(这支红色的笔是我妹妹的。)2. The old house belongs to our family for over 50 years.(这栋老房子属于我们家50多年了。)
19
belong to sb 属于某人;归某人所有 p. 55
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
用法同动词 belong(后接人,不接所有格)
1. The toy car belongs to my little brother.(这辆玩具车属于我弟弟。)2. Does this bag belong to you?(这个包是你的吗?)
20
century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪;百年 p. 56
复数:centuries(变 y 为 i 加 es)
N/A
1. in the + 序数词 + century 在……世纪2. over a century 一个多世纪
1. Great changes happened in the 20th century.(20世纪发生了巨大的变化。)2. This tree has lived for over a century.(这棵树已经存活了一个多世纪。)
21
worst /wɜːst/ adj. 最差的;最坏的 p. 56
是 bad/ill 的最高级;adv. 最高级 worst(表“最差地”)
N/A
1. the worst 最差的(前加 the)2. worst of all 最糟糕的是
1. This is the worst movie I have ever watched.(这是我看过的最差的电影。)2. He failed the exam, and worst of all, he lost his textbook.(他考试没及格,最糟糕的是,他还丢了课本。)
22
industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 工业 p. 56
复数:industries(变 y 为 i 加 es)
industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ adj. 工业的
1. heavy industry 重工业2. light industry 轻工业
1. The city is famous for its heavy industry.(这座城市以重工业闻名。)2. Light industry produces daily necessities like clothes and food.(轻工业生产衣服、食品等日用品。)
23
progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步;进展 p. 56
不可数名词(无复数);v. /prəˈɡres/ 进步(同形动词)
N/A
make progress 取得进步(progress 前不加 a/an)
1. She made great progress in math this term.(这学期她在数学上取得了很大进步。)2. With hard work, you will make progress soon.(只要努力,你很快就会进步。)
24
ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 普通的;平凡的 p. 56
比较级:more ordinary;最高级:most ordinary
ordinarily /ˈɔːdnrəli/ adv. 通常(初中选学)
1. ordinary people 普通人2. ordinary life 平凡的生活
1. He is just an ordinary student, but he works very hard.(他只是一个普通学生,但学习很努力。)2. We live an ordinary but happy life.(我们过着平凡但幸福的生活。)
25
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 突然地;巨大地 p. 56
无比较级/最高级
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 戏剧性的;巨大的
change dramatically 急剧变化;increase dramatically 大幅增加
1. The number of cars in the city has increased dramatically.(城市里的汽车数量大幅增加。)2. The weather changed dramatically from sunny to rainy.(天气从晴天突然变成了雨天。)
26
rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 罕有;很少 p. 56
无比较级/最高级
rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀有的;罕见的
1. 表否定含义,放句首时句子部分倒装2. rarely see 很少见到
1. We rarely see snow in this city.(我们在这座城市很少见到雪。)2. Rarely does he talk about his family.(他很少谈论自己的家人。)
27
decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年 p. 56
复数:decades
N/A
1. in the past decade 在过去十年里2. over two decades 超过二十年
1. Many new schools were built in the past decade.(过去十年建了很多新学校。)2. He has worked in this company for over a decade.(他在这家公司工作了十多年。)
28
development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展;成长 p. 56
不可数名词(无复数)
develop /dɪˈveləp/ v.(使)发展;成长
the development of... ……的发展
1. The development of the Internet has changed our life.(互联网的发展改变了我们的生活。)2. We should pay attention to the development of children.(我们应该关注儿童的成长。)
29
develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. (使)成长,发展 p. 56
过去式:developed;过去分词:developed
development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展
1. develop into 发展成为2. develop a habit 养成习惯
1. The small town has developed into a big city.(这个小镇已经发展成了一座大城市。)2. We should develop the habit of reading every day.(我们应该养成每天阅读的习惯。)
30
condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 状况;状态 p. 56
复数:conditions(表“多种状况”时)
conditional /kənˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 有条件的(初中选学)
1. in good/bad condition 状况好/差2. living conditions 生活条件(见序号31)
1. The old car is still in good condition.(这辆旧车状况仍然很好。)2. The patient's condition is getting better.(病人的状况正在好转。)
31
living conditions 生活条件 p. 56
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
improve living conditions 改善生活条件
1. Our living conditions have improved a lot in recent years.(近年来我们的生活条件改善了很多。)2. The government is trying to improve people's living conditions.(政府正努力改善人们的生活条件。)
32
major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的;重要的 p. 56
比较级:more major;最高级:most major;n. 专业(初中选学)
N/A
1. major reasons 主要原因2. major problem 主要问题
1. The major reason for his success is hard work.(他成功的主要原因是努力。)2. Air pollution is a major problem in big cities.(空气污染是大城市的主要问题。)
33
growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 增长 p. 56
不可数名词(无复数)
grow /ɡrəʊ/ v. 生长;增长
1. the growth of population 人口增长2. economic growth 经济增长
1. The growth of population has caused many problems.(人口增长带来了很多问题。)2. The country has achieved fast economic growth.(这个国家实现了快速的经济增长。)
34
countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡村;农村 p. 56
不可数名词(无复数,前加 the)
N/A
1. in the countryside 在乡村2. go to the countryside 去乡下
1. My grandparents live in the countryside.(我的祖父母住在乡下。)2. We often go to the countryside to pick fruits in autumn.(秋天我们经常去乡下摘水果。)
35
although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conj. 虽然;尽管 p. 56
无词形变化
N/A
1. 引导让步状语从句,不与 but 连用2. although + 句子 虽然……
1. Although it rained heavily, we still went to school.(虽然雨下得很大,我们还是去上学了。)2. He finished the work on time although he was tired.(虽然他很累,但还是按时完成了工作。)
36
unpleasant /ʌnˈpleznt/ adj. 令人不快的;不舒服的 p. 56
比较级:more unpleasant;最高级:most unpleasant
pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 愉快的(反义词)
1. unpleasant weather 令人不快的天气2. unpleasant smell 难闻的气味
1. The unpleasant smell from the factory made people angry.(工厂传来的难闻气味让人们很生气。)2. We had an unpleasant trip because of the bad weather.(因为天气不好,我们的旅行很不愉快。)
37
bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴缸;洗澡 p. 56
复数:baths(表“洗澡”“浴缸”时)
bathe /beɪð/ v. 洗澡;沐浴
take a bath 洗澡(对应 have a bath)
1. She takes a hot bath every evening before bed.(她每晚睡前洗个热水澡。)2. There is a big bath in our new bathroom.(我们的新浴室里有一个大浴缸。)
38
extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其;非常 p. 57
无比较级/最高级
extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极端的;极度的
extremely + 形容词 极其……(表程度)
1. It's extremely cold in the north of China in winter.(中国北方的冬天极其寒冷。)2. She is extremely good at playing the piano.(她钢琴弹得非常好。)
39
smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj. 有难闻气味的;有臭味的 p. 57
比较级:smellier;最高级:smelliest
smell /smel/ v. 闻起来;n. 气味
1. smelly rubbish 发臭的垃圾2. smelly food 有臭味的食物
1. The smelly rubbish should be taken out every day.(发臭的垃圾应该每天倒掉。)2. Some people like smelly tofu, but I don't.(有些人喜欢臭豆腐,但我不喜欢。)
40
wealthy /ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的;富裕的 p. 57
比较级:wealthier;最高级:wealthiest
wealth /welθ/ n. 财富
1. a wealthy family 富裕的家庭2. wealthy people 富人
1. He was born in a wealthy family, but he is very hard-working.(他出生在富裕家庭,但非常努力。)2. Many wealthy people donate money to help poor children.(很多富人捐钱帮助贫困儿童。)
41
education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育 p. 57
不可数名词(无复数)
educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ v. 教育;培养
1. higher education 高等教育2. receive education 接受教育
1. Every child has the right to receive education.(每个孩子都有接受教育的权利。)2. His parents attach great importance to his education.(他的父母非常重视他的教育。)
42
foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的 p. 57
比较级:more foreign;最高级:most foreign
foreigner /ˈfɒrənə(r)/ n. 外国人
1. foreign language 外语2. foreign country 外国
1. She is learning three foreign languages: English, French and Japanese.(她正在学三门外语:英语、法语和日语。)2. My uncle has worked in a foreign country for 10 years.(我叔叔在国外工作了10年。)
43
mine /maɪn/ n. 矿井;矿 p. 57
复数:mines;pron. 我的(名词性物主代词,同形)
N/A
1. coal mine 煤矿2. gold mine 金矿
1. Many workers work in the coal mine near our town.(很多工人在我们镇附近的煤矿工作。)2. This gold mine was discovered 50 years ago.(这座金矿是50年前发现的。)
44
result in 造成;导致 p. 57
固定短语,无词形变化
N/A
result in + 结果 造成/导致……(对应 lead to)
1. Carelessness often results in mistakes.(粗心常常导致错误。)2. The heavy rain resulted in floods in some areas.(大雨导致一些地区发生了洪水。)
45
severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的 p. 57
比较级:more severe;最高级:most severe
severely /sɪˈvɪəli/ adv. 严重地
1. severe weather 恶劣天气2. severe damage 严重损失
1. The severe storm destroyed many houses in the village.(恶劣的暴风雨摧毁了村里的很多房子。)2. The accident caused severe damage to his car.(这场事故给他的车造成了严重损失。)
46
punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 处罚;惩罚 p. 57
过去式:punished;过去分词:punished
punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ n. 惩罚(见序号47)
punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事惩罚某人
1. The teacher punished him for being late again.(老师因他再次迟到惩罚了他。)2. Parents shouldn't punish their children too harshly.(父母不应该过于严厉地惩罚孩子。)
47
punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ n. 惩罚;处罚 p. 57
不可数名词(无复数,表“一次惩罚”时可加 a)
punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 处罚;惩罚(见序号46)
1. give sb. punishment 惩罚某人2. severe punishment 严厉的惩罚
1. He received punishment for his bad behavior at school.(他因在学校的不良行为受到了惩罚。)2. The law will give him severe punishment for his crime.(法律会因他的罪行给予他严厉的惩罚。)
48
burn /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧;烧 p. 62
过去式:burnt/burned;过去分词:burnt/burned
burning /ˈbɜːnɪŋ/ adj. 燃烧的
1. burn down 烧毁(建筑物等)2. burn sth. 烧某物
1. The old house burned down in a big fire last night.(这栋老房子昨晚在一场大火中烧毁了。)2. Don't burn leaves in the garden—it's dangerous.(别在花园里烧树叶,很危险。)
49
heater /ˈhiːtə(r)/ n. 加热器;炉子;热水器 p. 62
复数:heaters
heat /hiːt/ v. 加热;n. 热量
1. electric heater 电加热器2. water heater 热水器
1. We use an electric heater to keep warm in winter.(冬天我们用电加热器取暖。)2. The water heater at home is broken—we need to fix it.(家里的热水器坏了,我们需要修理它。)
50
housework /ˈhaʊswɜːk/ n. 家务劳动;家务事 p. 62
不可数名词(无复数)
N/A
do housework 做家务(对应 do the housework)
1. My sister helps my mom do housework every weekend.(我妹妹每周帮妈妈做家务。)2. Doing housework can help us learn to be independent.(做家务能帮助我们学会独立。)
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