摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了沪教版八年级上册Unit 3 "Curious minds"的核心词汇,涵盖形容词、名词、动词等词类,构建了从词形变化到派生词拓展、从核心考点到真实语境应用的完整学习支架,帮助学生建立结构化词汇认知体系。
清单通过分类整理、分级标注和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将“unfamiliar”标注为高频易错词并附带“be unfamiliar with/to”的对比说明,强化语言能力与思维品质的融合训练。特别设计“记忆口诀卡片”和“例句情境图示”,例如用“either...or...谓语就近一致”配生活场景图加深理解,提升文化意识中的跨文化表达意识。教师可据此精准定位教学难点,学生则能高效自主复习,实现从识记到运用的进阶发展。
内容正文:
沪教版(五四学制) 八上 Unit 3 Curious minds.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词、
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
inborn /ˌɪn'bɔ:n/ adj. 天生的 p. 36
N/A(形容词无单复数/动词变化,多音节形容词无特殊比较级,默认“more inborn/most inborn”,初中阶段不要求,故填N/A)
N/A
N/A
1. She has an inborn love for animals.(她对动物有天生的热爱。)2. This inborn ability helps him learn languages quickly.(这种天生的能力帮助他快速学习语言。)
2
unfamiliar /ˌʌnfə'mɪliə(r)/ adj. 陌生的;不熟悉的 p. 36
adj. 比较级:more unfamiliar;最高级:most unfamiliar
1. familiar(adj. 熟悉的)2. familiarity(n. 熟悉,初中阶段选学)
1. be unfamiliar with sth.(对某物不熟悉)2. be unfamiliar to sb.(对某人来说不熟悉)
1. I’m unfamiliar with this new app.(我对这个新应用不熟悉。)2. This place is unfamiliar to most tourists.(这个地方对大多数游客来说很陌生。)
3
grown-up /ˌgrəʊn 'ʌp/ n.(尤指用于对儿童说话时)大人 p. 36
n. 复数:grown-ups
1. grow(v. 成长;种植)2. growth(n. 成长;增长)
N/A(主要作名词,表“大人”,常见搭配“talk to grown-ups”“ask a grown-up for help”)
1. Children should listen to grown-ups’ advice sometimes.(孩子们有时应该听大人的建议。)2. He wants to be a responsible grown-up.(他想成为一个有责任心的大人。)
4
continuous /kən'tɪnjuəs/ adj. 不断的;持续的;连续的 p. 36
adj. 比较级:more continuous;最高级:most continuous
1. continue(v. 继续)2. continuation(n. 继续,初中阶段选学)
be continuous with sth.(与某物连续/衔接)
1. We had three days of continuous rain last week.(上周我们经历了三天连续的降雨。)2. The road is continuous with the highway ahead.(这条路和前面的高速公路相衔接。)
5
either /'aɪðə(r)/ adv.(用于否定词组后)也 p. 38;adj./pron.(两者中)任一的/任一
N/A(副词无词形变化;作代词时复数“either”,初中阶段不要求特殊变化)
N/A
1. adv. 用于否定句末,表“也”(肯定句用“too”)2. adj./pron. either...or...(或者……或者……,连接并列成分,谓语动词就近一致)
1. He doesn’t like coffee, and I don’t like it either.(他不喜欢咖啡,我也不喜欢。)2. Either you or your brother can take this book.(要么你,要么你弟弟可以拿这本书。)
6
ruin /'ru:ɪn/ v. 毁坏;破坏 p. 38;n. 废墟;毁坏
1. v. 过去式:ruined;过去分词:ruined2. n. 复数:ruins(表“废墟”时常用复数)
ruin(n. 废墟;毁坏,同形名词)
1. v. ruin sth.(毁坏某物)2. n. be in ruins(成为废墟);the ruin of sth.(某物的毁灭)
1. The heavy rain ruined our picnic.(大雨毁了我们的野餐。)2. The old castle is now in ruins.(那座古老的城堡现在成了废墟。)
7
eyesight /'aɪsaɪt/ n. 视力 p. 38
n. 不可数名词,无复数变化
N/A
1. poor eyesight(视力差)2. protect one’s eyesight(保护视力)
1. He wears glasses because of poor eyesight.(他因为视力差而戴眼镜。)2. We should do eye exercises to protect our eyesight.(我们应该做眼保健操来保护视力。)
8
fantastic /fæn'tæstɪk/ adj. 极好的;了不起的 p. 36
adj. 比较级:more fantastic;最高级:most fantastic
fantasy(n. 幻想;想象,初中阶段选学)
N/A(主要作定语/表语,表“极好的”,相当于“excellent”)
1. We had a fantastic time at the party last night.(昨晚我们在派对上玩得很开心。)2. That’s a fantastic idea! Let’s try it.(那是个极好的主意!我们试试吧。)
9
ant /ænt/ n. 蚂蚁 p. 39
n. 复数:ants
N/A
N/A(常见搭配“a group of ants”“ant hill(蚁丘)”)
1. A line of ants is carrying food to their home.(一队蚂蚁正把食物搬回它们的家。)2. We saw many ants on the ground after the rain.(雨后我们在地上看到了很多蚂蚁。)
10
surprising /sə'praɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人吃惊的 p. 39
adj. 比较级:more surprising;最高级:most surprising
1. surprise(v. 使吃惊;n. 惊喜)2. surprised(adj. 感到吃惊的)
1. be surprising to sb.(对某人来说令人吃惊)2. It’s surprising that...(……是令人吃惊的)
1. The news is surprising to all of us.(这个消息让我们所有人都很吃惊。)2. It’s surprising that he finished the work in one hour.(他一小时内完成了工作,真是令人吃惊。)
11
awake /ə'weɪk/ adj. 醒着(尤指入睡前或刚醒时) p. 39
adj. 比较级:more awake;最高级:most awake(无“awaker/awakes”形式)
wake(v. 唤醒;醒来)
1. be awake(醒着的,表状态,对应“be asleep”)2. stay awake(保持清醒)
1. She was awake all night because of the noise.(因为噪音,她一整晚都醒着。)2. I need to stay awake to finish my homework.(我需要保持清醒来完成作业。)
12
eagle /'i:gl/ n. 雕 p. 39
n. 复数:eagles
N/A
N/A(常见搭配“a bald eagle(白头海雕)”“fly like an eagle”)
1. The eagle spread its wings and flew into the sky.(雕展开翅膀,飞向天空。)2. We saw an eagle sitting on a big tree.(我们看到一只雕停在一棵大树上。)
13
cartoon /kɑ:'tu:n/ n. 动画片;卡通片 p. 39
n. 复数:cartoons
N/A
watch a cartoon(看动画片)
1. My little sister likes watching cartoon every evening.(我妹妹每天晚上喜欢看动画片。)2. This cartoon tells a story about friendship.(这部动画片讲述了一个关于友谊的故事。)
14
movie /'mu:vi/ n.(美)电影 p. 39
n. 复数:movies
1. film(n. 电影,英式表达,初中阶段同义)2. movie theater(n. 电影院,固定搭配)
1. watch a movie(看电影)2. go to the movies(去看电影)
1. We plan to watch a new movie this weekend.(我们计划这周末去看一部新电影。)2. She often goes to the movies with her friends.(她经常和朋友一起去看电影。)
15
never-ending /ˌnevər 'endɪŋ/ adj. 永无止境的;没完没了的 p. 40
adj. 比较级:more never-ending;最高级:most never-ending
1. end(v. 结束;n. 结尾)2. ending(n. 结尾;结局)
N/A(常作定语,表“没完没了的”,如“never-ending work”)
1. She is tired of the never-ending homework.(她厌倦了没完没了的作业。)2. The never-ending rain made us feel sad.(没完没了的雨让我们感到难过。)
16
annoying /ə'nɔɪŋ/ adj. 恼人的;讨厌的 p. 40
adj. 比较级:more annoying;最高级:most annoying
1. annoy(v. 使恼怒;打扰)2. annoyed(adj. 感到恼怒的)
be annoying to sb.(对某人来说恼人的)
1. The loud noise from the street is annoying.(街上的噪音很恼人。)2. It’s annoying that he always arrives late.(他总是迟到,真让人恼火。)
17
brain /breɪn/ n. 脑;脑力 p. 40
n. 复数:brains(表“脑力”时常用复数,表“大脑”时单复数均可)
brainy(adj. 聪明的,初中阶段口语化,选学)
1. use one’s brain(动脑筋)2. have a good brain(很聪明)
1. You need to use your brain to solve this problem.(你需要动脑筋解决这个问题。)2. He has a good brain and learns things quickly.(他很聪明,学东西很快。)
18
researcher /rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r)/ n. 研究者 p. 40
n. 复数:researchers
1. research(v. & n. 研究)
do research(做研究,对应“researcher”的动作)
1. The researcher spent five years on this project.(这位研究者在这个项目上花了五年时间。)2. Many researchers are studying ways to protect the environment.(许多研究者正在研究保护环境的方法。)
19
rate /reɪt/ v. 划分等级;评估 p. 40;n. 速度;比率
1. v. 过去式:rated;过去分词:rated2. n. 复数:rates
rating(n. 等级;评分,初中阶段选学)
1. v. rate sth.(给某物评级)2. n. the rate of...(……的速度/比率)
1. Teachers often rate students’ work on a scale of 1 to 10.(老师通常按1到10分给学生的作业评级。)2. The rate of population growth is slowing down.(人口增长率正在放缓。)
20
result /rɪ'zʌlt/ n. 结果 p. 40
n. 复数:results
result(v. 导致,同形动词,初中阶段常考“result in”)
1. the result of...(……的结果)2. as a result(结果,表因果)3. as a result of(由于,表原因)
1. What’s the result of your exam?(你的考试结果是什么?)2. He studied hard, and as a result, he passed the test.(他努力学习,结果通过了考试。)
21
magician /mə'dʒɪʃn/ n. 魔术师;变戏法的人 p. 40
n. 复数:magicians
magic(n. 魔法;adj. 有魔力的)
do magic tricks(变魔术,对应“magician”的动作)
1. The magician showed us many interesting tricks.(魔术师给我们表演了很多有趣的戏法。)2. My dream is to be a great magician when I grow up.(我的梦想是长大后成为一名优秀的魔术师。)
22
recent /'ri:snt/ adj. 近来的;新近的 p. 40
adj. 比较级:more recent;最高级:most recent
recently(adv. 近来;最近)
1. in recent years(近年来)2. recent news(最近的新闻)
1. He has made great progress in recent months.(近几个月他取得了很大的进步。)2. The recent storm caused a lot of damage.(最近的暴风雨造成了很大的损失。)
23
trick /trɪk/ n. 戏法;把戏 p. 40;v. 欺骗
1. n. 复数:tricks2. v. 过去式:tricked;过去分词:tricked
tricky(adj. 难办的;狡猾的,初中阶段选学)
1. n. play a trick on sb.(捉弄某人)2. n. magic trick(魔术戏法)
1. The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.(孩子们在愚人节捉弄了他们的老师。)2. Can you teach me this simple trick?(你能教我这个简单的戏法吗?)
24
voluntary /'vɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的;主动的;志愿的 p. 41
adj. 比较级:more voluntary;最高级:most voluntary
1. volunteer(n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做)2. voluntarily(adv. 自愿地,初中阶段选学)
1. voluntary work(志愿工作)2. voluntary help(主动帮助)
1. She does voluntary work in the old people’s home every weekend.(她每个周末在养老院做志愿工作。)2. His offer of help is voluntary, not forced.(他主动提供帮助,不是被迫的。)
25
crazy /'kreɪzi/ adj. 热衷的;狂热的 p. 41
adj. 比较级:crazier;最高级:craziest
crazy(adv. 疯狂地,口语化,初中阶段常用“crazily”)
1. be crazy about sth./sb.(热衷于某物/某人)2. drive sb. crazy(使某人发疯)
1. She is crazy about pop music.(她热衷于流行音乐。)2. The loud noise is driving me crazy.(噪音快让我发疯了。)
26
therefore /'ðeəfɔ:(r)/ adv. 因此 p. 41
N/A(副词无词形变化)
N/A
表因果关系,常用于句首(后接逗号)或句中
1. He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,因此考试不及格。)2. The road is closed, therefore we have to take another way.(这条路封了,所以我们得走另一条路。)
27
wonder /'wʌndə(r)/ v. 想知道;想弄明白;琢磨 p. 46;n. 奇迹
1. v. 过去式:wondered;过去分词:wondered2. n. 复数:wonders
wonderful(adj. 精彩的;极好的)
1. v. wonder + if/whether从句(想知道是否……)2. v. wonder about sth.(琢磨某事)3. n. the Seven Wonders of the World(世界七大奇迹)
1. I wonder if you can help me with my English.(我想知道你是否能帮我学英语。)2. The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world.(长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。)
28
shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 摇动;抖动 p. 46
v. 过去式:shook;过去分词:shaken
shake(n. 摇动,同形名词,如“a shake of the head”)
1. shake hands with sb.(和某人握手)2. shake sth.(摇动某物)
1. He shook hands with the visitors warmly.(他热情地和来访者握手。)2. She shook the bottle before drinking the juice.(她喝果汁前摇了摇瓶子。)
29
bark /bɑ:k/ v.(狗)吠叫 p. 46;n. 狗吠声
1. v. 过去式:barked;过去分词:barked2. n. 复数:barks
N/A
1. v. bark at sb./sth.(对着某人/某物吠叫)2. n. the bark of a dog(狗叫声)
1. The dog barks at strangers who pass by the house.(这只狗对着经过房子的陌生人吠叫。)2. We heard the bark of a dog in the middle of the night.(半夜我们听到了狗叫声。)
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