内容正文:
译林版(2024)八年级上册Unit 1 Friendship
单元重点词汇变形100题
答案及解析
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. attack
解析:句中“sudden”(突然的)是形容词,后需接名词作主语;“attacking”是动词-ing形式,其名词形式为“attack”(袭击),且此处表示特指某次袭击,用单数形式。
2. danger
解析:“be full of”(充满……)后接名词;“dangerous”是形容词(危险的),其名词形式为“danger”(危险),为不可数名词,无复数变化。
3. energetic
解析:句中需形容词修饰名词“students”(学生);“energy”是名词(精力),其形容词形式为“energetic”(精力充沛的),符合“体育课上学生们活力满满”的语境。
4. truth
解析:“the”后接名词;“true”是形容词(真实的),其名词形式为“truth”(真相),“tell the truth”是固定搭配,意为“说实话”。
5. laughing
解析:“can’t stop doing sth”是固定用法,意为“忍不住做某事”,故填“laugh”(笑)的-ing形式“laughing”。
6. peaceful
解析:句中需形容词修饰名词“place”(地方);“peace”是名词(和平),其形容词形式为“peaceful”(宁静的),符合“小镇宁静适合居住”的语境。
7. wonderful
解析:句中需形容词修饰名词“place”(地方);“wonder”是动词/名词(想知道/奇迹),其形容词形式为“wonderful”(极好的),表示“承德是极好的旅行地”。
8. secrets
解析:“secret”(秘密)是可数名词,此处未限定数量,且结合语境“不告诉任何人”,通常指“多个秘密”,故用复数形式“secrets”。
9. bored
解析:“boring”(令人无聊的)修饰事物,“bored”(感到无聊的)修饰人;句中主语是“she”(人),表示“她感到无聊”,故填“bored”。
10. humour
解析:“sense of + 名词”表示“……感”;“humorous”是形容词(幽默的),其名词形式为“humour”(幽默),“sense of humour”意为“幽默感”。
11. funny
解析:句中“so”后接形容词,构成“so + 形容词”结构,表“如此……”;“fun”是名词(乐趣),其形容词形式为“funny”(滑稽的),符合“喜剧演员让观众大笑”的语境。
12. understanding
解析:句中“deep”(深厚的)是形容词,后接名词;“understand”是动词(理解),其名词形式为“understanding”(理解),“deep understanding of physics”意为“对物理的深刻理解”。
13. patient
解析:“be”动词后接形容词作表语;“patience”是名词(耐心),其形容词形式为“patient”(有耐心的),“be patient with”是固定搭配,意为“对……有耐心”。
14. harmless
解析:根据“if you recycle it properly”(如果正确回收)可知,空瓶是“无害的”;“harm”是名词(伤害),“harmful”意为“有害的”,其否定形式“harmless”(无害的)符合语境。
15. meaningless
解析:根据“fell asleep in the middle”(中途睡着)可知,电影是“无意义的”;“meaning”是名词(意义),“meaningful”意为“有意义的”,其否定形式“meaningless”(无意义的)符合语境。
16. cheerful
解析:句中需形容词修饰名词“song”(歌曲);“cheer”是动词(欢呼),其形容词形式为“cheerful”(令人愉快的),表示“欢快的歌曲让大家微笑”。
17. feelings
解析:“his”(他的)后接名词,且句中“were”提示主语为复数;“feel”是动词(感觉),其名词形式“feeling”(感受)的复数为“feelings”,符合“对电影的感受复杂”的语境。
18. nodded
解析:句中“when the teacher asked”(老师提问时)提示时态为一般过去时;“nodding”是动词-ing形式,其过去式为“nodded”(点头),作句子谓语。
19. dead
解析:“had been”后接形容词作表语,表“持续的状态”;“death”是名词(死亡),其形容词形式为“dead”(死亡的),“had been dead for a week”意为“已经死了一周了”(强调状态持续)。
20. scared
解析:“scaring”(令人害怕的)修饰事物,“scared”(感到害怕的)修饰人;句中主语是“the little boy”(人),表示“男孩太害怕不敢进黑房间”,故填“scared”。
21. caring
解析:句中需形容词修饰名词“environment”(环境);“care”是动词/名词(关心),其形容词形式为“caring”(关怀的),“a caring environment”意为“充满关怀的环境”,符合“孩子需要关怀”的语境。
22. dishonest
解析:根据“so we should always tell the truth”(所以我们应说实话)可知,人们不喜欢“不诚实的”孩子;“honest”(诚实的)的否定形式为“dishonest”(不诚实的),符合语境。
23. thoughtful
解析:“It’s + 形容词 + of sb to do sth”是固定句型,表“某人做某事是……的”;“thought”是名词(想法),其形容词形式为“thoughtful”(体贴的),表示“你带伞给我,真体贴”。
24. patient
解析:“be”动词后接形容词作表语;“patience”是名词(耐心),其形容词形式为“patient”(有耐心的),“be patient with patients”意为“对病人有耐心”,符合“医生”的职业场景。
25. more
解析:“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”是固定句型,表“越……,越……”;“much”的比较级为“more”,意为“练习得越多,技能越熟练”。
26. hotter; hotter
解析:“比较级 + and + 比较级”表“越来越……”;“hot”(热的)的比较级为“hotter”,故填“hotter; hotter”,意为“夏天天气越来越热”。
27. friendly
解析:“be”动词后接形容词作表语;“friend”是名词(朋友),其形容词形式为“friendly”(友好的),“be friendly”意为“待人友好”,符合“北京人很友好”的语境。
28. scared
解析:“be scared of”是固定搭配,意为“害怕……”;“scare”是动词(使害怕),其形容词形式“scared”(感到害怕的)修饰人,此处主语是“my little sister”,故填“scared”。
29. encourages
解析:句子描述客观事实(雷锋精神激励人),时态为一般现在时;主语“the spirit of Lei Feng”(雷锋精神)是单数,故“encourage”(激励)需用第三人称单数形式“encourages”。
30. height
解析:“the”后接名词;“high”是形容词(高的),其名词形式为“height”(高度),“the height of the building”意为“建筑物的高度”。
31. bravery
解析:“Tom’s”(汤姆的)后接名词;“brave”是形容词(勇敢的),其名词形式为“bravery”(勇敢),“learn from one’s bravery”意为“学习某人的勇敢”。
32. person
解析:“in person”是固定搭配,意为“亲自”,无需变形,符合“ prefer to discuss in person”(更喜欢亲自讨论)的语境。
33. However
解析:“however”(然而)是转折副词,通常位于句首,后接逗号;此处句首首字母已大写,直接填“However”,表“然而他这次没通过考试”。
34. fought
解析:“once”(曾经)提示时态为一般过去时;“fight”(斗争)的过去式为“fought”,意为“曾经人们为公平和自由斗争多年”。
35. least
解析:“last but not least”是固定短语,意为“最后但同样重要的是”,“little”的最高级为“least”,故填“least”。
二、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式
1. looking forward
解析:“期待”对应短语“look forward to”;句中“am”提示时态为现在进行时,结构为“be + doing”,故填“looking forward”。
2. humour
解析:“幽默”对应名词“humour”;“a sense of humour”是固定搭配,意为“幽默感”,故填“humour”。
3. pay attention to
解析:“注意”对应短语“pay attention to”;句中“need to”后接动词原形,故填“pay attention to”,“pay attention to safety”意为“注意安全”。
4. encourages
解析:“鼓励”对应动词“encourage”;句子描述习惯性动作,时态为一般现在时,主语“she”是第三人称单数,故填“encourages”。
5. honest
解析:“诚实的”对应形容词“honest”;“be”动词后接形容词作表语,“be honest and trustworthy”意为“诚实且可靠”,符合“好朋友的特质”语境。
6. brave
解析:“勇敢的”对应形容词“brave”;句中需形容词修饰名词“boy”(男孩),“a brave boy”意为“一个勇敢的男孩”,符合“不怕困难”的语境。
7. thoughtful
解析:“体贴人的”对应形容词“thoughtful”;“be”动词后接形容词作表语,“be thoughtful”意为“体贴人”,符合“喜欢照顾他人”的语境。
8. friendships
解析:“友谊”对应名词“friendship”;其前无不定冠词,且结合“some people”(一些人),表示“多人的友谊”,故用复数“friendships”。
9. less
解析:“更少”修饰不可数名词“time”(时间),对应形容词“little”的比较级“less”;“have less time”意为“有更少的时间”,符合“长大后爱好时间减少”的语境。
10. trust; lies
解析:第一空“信任”对应动词“trust”,“should”后接动词原形,故填“trust”;第二空“谎言”对应名词“lie”,为可数名词,“tell lies”是固定搭配(说谎),故用复数“lies”。
11. teenagers
解析:“青少年”对应名词“teenager”;其前无不定冠词,表“广大青少年群体”,故用复数“teenagers”。
12. danger
解析:“危险”对应名词“danger”;“in great danger”是固定搭配,意为“处于极大危险中”,故填“danger”。
13. secrets
解析:“秘诀”对应名词“secret”;“one of + 复数名词”表“……之一”,故“secret”需用复数“secrets”,“one of the secrets of happiness”意为“幸福的秘诀之一”。
14. badminton
解析:“羽毛球”对应名词“badminton”,为不可数名词,无复数变化,“play badminton”意为“打羽毛球”。
15. truth
解析:“实情”对应名词“truth”;“the”后接名词,“tell the truth”是固定搭配(说实话),故填“truth”。
16. active
解析:“积极的”对应形容词“active”;句中需形容词修饰名词“student”(学生),“an active student”意为“一个积极的学生”,符合“英语课上积极”的语境。
17. laugh
解析:“大笑”对应动词“laugh”;“make sb do sth”是固定用法(让某人做某事),后接动词原形,故填“laugh”。
18. person
解析:“人”对应名词“person”;句中“is”提示主语为单数,“the person over there”意为“那边的那个人”,故填“person”。
19. However
解析:“然而”对应副词“however”;位于句首,后接逗号,表转折(“忙碌却仍找时间锻炼”),故填“However”。
20. second
解析:“2”对应序数词“second”(第二);“a second try”意为“第二次尝试”,符合“第一次失败后再试”的语境。
21. bored
解析:“厌倦的”对应形容词“bored”;修饰人(they指代kids),“get bored with”是固定搭配(对……感到厌倦),故填“bored”。
22. funny
解析:“滑稽的”对应形容词“funny”;“what a + 形容词 + 名词”是感叹句结构,故填“funny”,“what a funny show”意为“多么滑稽的节目”。
23. attack
解析:“袭击”对应动词“attack”;“might”是情态动词,后接动词原形,故填“attack”。
24. feeling
解析:“感情”对应名词“feeling”;“with”后接名词,此处表“带着感情读故事”,用单数“feeling”即可(泛指“感情”时不可数,此处也可理解为“一种感情”)。
25. brave
解析:“勇敢的”对应形容词“brave”;句中需形容词修饰名词“girl”(女孩),“a brave girl”意为“一个勇敢的女孩”,符合“敢于表达想法”的语境。
26. height
解析:“身高”对应名词“height”;“my”(我的)后接名词,“mark one’s height”意为“标记某人的身高”,故填“height”。
27. jokes
解析:“笑话”对应名词“joke”;“tell jokes”是固定搭配(讲笑话),通常用复数“jokes”,故填“jokes”。
28. balloons
解析:“气球”对应名词“balloon”;其前有“two”(两个),故用复数“balloons”。
29. seat
解析:“座位”对应名词“seat”;“your”(你的)后接名词,且结合“go to your seat”(去你的座位),指“单个座位”,故用单数“seat”。
30. dead
解析:“死的,去世的”对应形容词“dead”;“be”动词后接形容词作表语,表“渡渡鸟是死的(已灭绝)”,故填“dead”。
31. a little
解析:“有点儿;稍微”对应短语“a little”,修饰形容词“tired”(累的),故填“a little”,“a little tired”意为“有点儿累”。
32. sense
解析:“意识”对应名词“sense”;“a good sense of humour”是固定搭配(良好的幽默感),故填“sense”。
33. cheerful
解析:“兴高采烈的”对应形容词“cheerful”;“feel”后接形容词作表语,“feel cheerful”意为“感到兴高采烈”,符合“粉丝见到偶像”的语境。
34. ideas
解析:“想法”对应名词“idea”;“the ideas of great thinkers”意为“伟大思想家的想法”,思想家的想法不止一个,故用复数“ideas”。
35. ponytail
解析:“马尾辫”对应名词“ponytail”;“a”后接单数名词,“a ponytail”意为“一个马尾辫”,故填“ponytail”。
三、根据首字母提示完成句子
1. supports
解析:结合首字母“s”和语境“没人______我们,短时间成功会有困难”,可知填“support”(支持);主语“nobody”是单数,时态为一般现在时,故用第三人称单数“supports”。
2. honest
解析:结合首字母“h”和“never tell lies”(不说谎),可知填“honest”(诚实的);“be honest to each other”意为“彼此诚实”,符合友谊的特质。
3. actively
解析:结合首字母“a”和“discuss the questions”(讨论问题),可知填“actively”(积极地);副词修饰动词“discuss”,“discuss actively”意为“积极讨论”,符合课堂场景。
4. patient
解析:结合首字母“p”和“explain many times”(多次解释),可知填“patient”(有耐心的);“be patient enough”意为“足够有耐心”,符合老师的特质。
5. Once
解析:结合首字母“O”和语境“______你有计划,就该采取行动”,可知填“Once”(一旦),引导条件状语从句,符合逻辑。
6. fought
解析:结合首字母“f”和“against the illness”(对抗疾病),可知填“fight”(斗争);“never gave up”提示时态为一般过去时,“fight”的过去式为“fought”。
7. understood
解析:结合首字母“u”和“began to work hard”(开始努力学习),可知填“understand”(理解);“began”提示时态为一般过去时,“understand”的过去式为“understood”,表“理解父母的爱”。
8. loudest
解析:结合首字母“l”和“Everyone can hear him clearly”(大家都能听清),可知填“loud”(大声的)的最高级“loudest”(最大声的);“the loudest voice”意为“最大声的声音”,符合语境。
9. cheerful
解析:结合首字母“c”和“happy and smiles every day”(开心且每天微笑),可知填“cheerful”(快乐的);形容词修饰名词“boy”,“a cheerful boy”意为“一个快乐的男孩”。
10. truth
解析:结合首字母“t”和“don’t like the character”(不喜欢书中角色),可知填“truth”(真相);“to tell the truth”是固定短语(说实话),故填“truth”。
11. danger
解析:结合首字母“d”和“due to human activities”(由于人类活动),可知填“danger”(危险);“in danger”是固定搭配(处于危险中),表“野生动物濒危”。
12. humorous
解析:结合首字母“h”和“always makes us laugh”(总让我们笑),可知填“humorous”(幽默的);形容词修饰名词“man”,“a humorous man”意为“一个幽默的人”。
13. cheerful
解析:结合首字母“c”和“got first place”(得第一名),可知填“cheerful”(兴高采烈的);“looks”后接形容词作表语,“looks cheerful”意为“看起来很高兴”。
14. encourages
解析:结合首字母“e”和“keep fighting”(继续努力),可知填“encourage”(鼓励);主语“he”是单数,时态为一般现在时,故用第三人称单数“encourages”。
15. bored
解析:结合首字母“b”和“have nothing to do”(无事可做),可知填“bored”(感到无聊的);“feel bored”意为“感到无聊”,符合语境。
16. However
解析:结合首字母“H”和“make travelling easier”(让出行更易)与“bring trouble”(带来麻烦)的转折关系,可知填“However”(然而),位于句首,后接逗号。
17. secret
解析:结合首字母“s”和“the s______ of happiness”(幸福的______),可知填“secret”(秘诀);此处表“幸福的秘诀”,用单数“secret”即可(也可理解为“一个秘诀”)。
18. believe
解析:结合首字母“b”和“tell lies again”(再说谎),可知填“believe”(相信);“won’t”后接动词原形,“won’t believe you”意为“不会相信你”。
19. sense
解析:结合首字母“s”和“make us laugh”(让我们笑),可知填“sense”(感觉);“a sense of humor”是固定搭配(幽默感),故填“sense”。
20. attack
解析:结合首字母“a”和“protect you from a heart”(保护你免受心脏______),可知填“attack”(疾病发作);“heart attack”是固定短语(心脏病发作),故填“attack”。
21. person
解析:结合首字母“p”和“the richest p______ in China”(中国最富有的______),可知填“person”(人);“the richest person”意为“最富有的人”,故填“person”。
22. funny
解析:结合首字母“f”和“this story is very f______”(这个故事很______),可知填“funny”(滑稽的);形容词作表语,符合“故事的特质”语境。
23. laugh
解析:结合首字母“l”和“Bob is funny”(鲍勃很滑稽),可知填“laugh”(笑);“make sb do sth”后接动词原形,“make us laugh”意为“让我们笑”。
24. seat
解析:结合首字母“s”和“have to stand”(不得不站着),可知填“seat”(座位);“a seat on the bus”意为“公交车上的一个座位”,故填“seat”。
25. surprise
解析:结合首字母“s”和“China is becoming stronger”(中国越来越强),可知填“surprise”(惊讶);“it’s no surprise that”是固定句型(……不足为奇),故填“surprise”。
26. balloons
解析:结合首字母“b”和“fill with air”(充气),可知填“balloon”(气球);“fill balloons with air”意为“给气球充气”,气球不止一个,故用复数“balloons”。
27. secret
解析:结合首字母“s”和“didn’t want anyone to know”(不想任何人知道),可知填“secret”(秘密);“my secret”意为“我的秘密”,用单数即可。
28. second
解析:结合首字母“s”和“Monday is the s______ day of a week”(周一在西方日历中是一周的______天),可知填“second”(第二)(西方日历中周日是第一天)。
29. brave
解析:结合首字母“b”和“a policeman”(警察),可知填“brave”(勇敢的);“be brave and strong”意为“勇敢且强壮”,符合警察的职业特质。
30. schoolwork
解析:结合首字母“s”和“before you play computer”(玩电脑前),可知填“schoolwork”(作业);“finish your schoolwork”意为“完成你的作业”,符合学生场景,“schoolwork”为不可数名词,无复数变化。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
译林版(2024)八年纪上册Unit 1 Friendship
单元重点词汇变形100题(含解析)
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.The sudden ________ (attacking) made everyone in the street panic.
2.Hiking alone in the mountains can be full of ________ (dangerous).
3.The _______ students ran around the playground during PE class. (energy)
4.I don’t think Joe told the ________ (true). Let’s ask someone else.
5.She couldn’t stop ________ (laugh) when she watched the funny shows.
6.Miss Chen likes living in this small town because it’s a(n) ________ (peace) place.
7.My hometown Chengde is a ________ (wonder) place to take a trip.
8.She promised to keep _______ and never tell anyone. (secret)
9.She felt _______ because she had nothing to do all day. (boring)
10.His sense of _______ always cheers me up when I’m sad. (humorous)
11.The comedian’s jokes made the audience laugh; he was so _______! (fun)
12.His deep _______ of physics helped him solve the complex problem. (understand)
13.Teachers need to be _______ when working with young children. (patience)
14.The empty bottle is ________ (harm) if you recycle it properly.
15.The movie was so ________ (meaning) that I fell asleep in the middle.
16.His ________ (cheer) song made everyone in the room smile.
17.His ________ (feel) about the movie were mixed—he liked the story but hated the ending.
18.She ________ (nodding) her head when the teacher asked if she understood.
19.The old man felt sad because his pet dog had been ________ (death) for a week.
20.The little boy was too ________ (scare) to enter the dark room.
21.Children need a _______ (care) environment (环境).
22.People don’t like _______ (honest) kids, so we should always tell the truth.
23.It’s ________ (thought) of you to bring an umbrella for me.
24.The doctor is always ________ (patience) with his patients.
25.The ________ (much) you practice, the more skilled you will become.
26.The weather is getting ________ (hot) and ________ (hot) in summer.
27.The people in Beijing are very ________ (friend).
28.My little sister is ________ (scare) of staying home on her own.
29.The spirit of Lei Feng ________ (encourage) us to serve the people.
30.Do you know the _________ (high) of this building?
31.We should learn from Tom’s ________ (brave) when facing an emergency.
32.I prefer to discuss important matters in ________ (personal) rather than over the phone.
33.________ (However), he didn’t pass the exam this time.
34.Once, people _________ (fight) for the fairness and freedom for years.
35.Last but not _________ (little), do try to get some exercise.
二、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.I’m ________ (期待) to the summer vacation.
2.He has a good sense of ________ (幽默).
3.Students need to ____________ (注意) safety in the science lab.
4.She always ________ (鼓励) me to try my best.
5.A good friend should be ________ (诚实的) and trustworthy.
6.He is a ________ (勇敢的) boy and he isn’t afraid of difficulties.
7.She is very ________ (体贴人的). She always likes considering and looking after others.
8.Friends are important to everyone. However, some people may have trouble keeping their ________ (友谊).
9.As I grow up, I have ________ (更少) time for my hobbies than before.
10.We should ________ (信任) our best friends, because they never tell ________ (谎言).
11.Harry Potter sells well among ________ . (青少年)
12.Many animals are in great ________ (危险). We must try to help them.
13.Helping others is one of the ________ of happiness. (秘诀)
14.I sometimes play ________ (羽毛球) with Ella.
15.You should tell him the ________ (实情). It’s his right to know what happened.
16.Sally is an ________ (积极的) student in English class.
17.The cartoon is very funny and it always makes me _______ (大笑).
18.The _________ (人) over there is my teacher.
19.She is very busy. ________, she always finds time to exercise. (然而)
20.Few people will have a ________ (2) try if they fail for the first time.
21.Let’s take our kids out for a walk. They get _________ (厌倦的) with staying at home.
22.What a ________ (滑稽的) show it is!
23.You must be careful of the snake. It might ________ (袭击) you.
24.Please read the story with ________ (感情).
25.She is a ________ (勇敢的) girl who isn’t afraid to speak her mind.
26.My father often marks my ________ (身高) on the door on my birthday.
27.Jack is very funny because he often tells ________ (笑话).
28.Look! There are two ________ (气球) in the sky.
29.—Sorry, Miss Green. I am late.
—That’s OK. Please go to your ________ (座位).
30.The dodo is an extinct animal. The dodo is ________ (死的,去世的).
31.I’m a little ________ (有点儿;稍微) tired after running.
32.Miss Tang has a good ________ (意识) of humour. She always makes us laugh in class.
33.The fans from all over the country felt ________ (兴高采烈的) when they saw their favourite
34.It’s a good idea to learn from the ________ (想法) of great thinkers because they are helpful.
35.The girl with a _________ (马尾辫) looks very cute.
三、根据首字母提示完成句子
1.We will have a little trouble achieving success in a short time if nobody s________ us.
2.Besides, as friends we should be h________ to each other, and never tell lies.
3.In our school, students like discussing the questions a________ in groups in English class.
4.The teacher is p________ enough to explain this problem to us many times.
5.O________ you have a plan, you should take action to achieve it, or you will surely regret (后悔).
6.The boy f________ against the illness with courage and never gave up.
7.After communicating with her parents, Laura gradually u________ their special love and began to work hard.
8.Of my classmates, Jack has the l________ voice. Everyone can hear him clearly.
9.Tom is a c________ boy. He is happy and smiles every day.
10.To tell the t________, I really don’t like the character in the book.
11.Many wild animals are in d________ due to human activities.
12.My father is a h________ man. He always makes us laugh.
13.He got first place in the English exam. So he looks c________ now.
14.When I’m in trouble, he always e________ me to keep fighting.
15.I feel b________ when I have nothing to do.
16.Shared bikes make travelling easier than before. H________, they also bring trouble.
17.Can you tell me the s________ of happiness.
18.If you tell lies again, I won’t b________ you.
19.You have a s________ of humor. You always have your own way to make us laugh.
20.Exercise will not only make you happy but possibly protect you from a heart a________ as well.
21.Do you know who is the richest p________ in China in 2023?
22.I think this story is very f________.
23.Bob is funny, he often make us l________.
24.I can’t find a s_______ on the bus, so I have to stand all the way.
25.It’s no s________ that China is becoming stronger and stronger.
26.The boy likes to use his mouth to fill (充满) b________ with air.
27.I didn’t want anyone to know about it. It was my s________.
28.Monday is the s________ day of a week in the Western calendar.
29.A policeman should be b______ and strong.
30.You must finish your s________ before you play computer after school.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$