Unit 1 Water.同步词汇笔记 2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制） 英语八年级上册

沪教版(五四学制) 八上 Unit 1 Water.同步词汇笔记 序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句 1 litre (AmE liter) /'li:t (r)/ n. 升 p. 4 n. 复数:litres (AmE liters) N/A a litre of(一升……) 1. This bottle can hold one litre of water.(这个瓶子能装一升水。)2. We need two litres of milk for the cake.(做这个蛋糕我们需要两升牛奶。) 2 factory /'f ktri/ n. 工厂 p. 4 n. 复数:factories N/A a factory(一家工厂);factory workers(工厂工人) 1. There is a big factory near our school.(我们学校附近有一家大工厂。)2. The factory produces many kinds of machines.(这家工厂生产多种机器。) 3 billion /'b lj n/ n. 十亿 p. 5 n. 复数:billions(表泛指时);单数(前接具体数字时) N/A one billion(十亿);billions of(数十亿的) 1. The earth has a population of over seven billion.(地球人口超过七十亿。)2. Billions of stars are in the sky at night.(晚上天空中有数十亿颗星星。) 4 salty /'s :lti/ adj. 含盐的;咸的 p. 5 adj. 比较级:saltier;最高级:saltiest salt(n. 盐;v. 加盐) taste salty(尝起来咸) 1. The soup is too salty for me.(这汤对我来说太咸了。)2. Sea water is salty because it has much salt.(海水是咸的,因为它含有很多盐。) 5 rest /rest/ n. 剩余部分;休息时间 v. 休息 p. 5 n. 复数:rests;v. 过去式/过去分词:rested restful(adj. 令人放松的;宁静的) have a rest(休息一下);the rest of(……的剩余部分);rest on(依靠;停留在) 1. Let's stop to have a rest after walking for an hour.(走了一个小时后,我们停下来休息一下吧。)2. The rest of the students will go to the park tomorrow.(其余的学生明天将去公园。) 6 rare /re (r)/ adj. 稀少的;珍贵的 p. 5 adj. 比较级:rarer;最高级:rarest rarely(adv. 很少;难得) rare animals(珍稀动物);rare chance(难得的机会) 1. Pandas are rare animals in the world.(熊猫是世界上的珍稀动物。)2. It's a rare chance to meet the famous writer.(见到这位著名作家是一个难得的机会。) 7 presentation / prezn'te n/ n. 展示会;介绍会 p. 6 n. 复数:presentations present(v. 呈现;介绍;adj. 现在的;n. 礼物) give a presentation(做展示;做介绍) 1. She will give a presentation about environmental protection tomorrow.(她明天将做一个关于环境保护的展示。)2. The presentation of the new product was very successful.(新产品的介绍会非常成功。) 8 boring /'b :r / adj. 没趣的 p. 6 adj. 比较级:more boring;最高级:most boring bore(v. 使厌烦;n. 令人厌烦的人/事);bored(adj. 感到厌烦的) be boring(令人厌烦的);a boring movie(一部无聊的电影) 1. This book is so boring that I can't finish it.(这本书太无聊了,我读不完。)2. He thinks history classes are boring.(他认为历史课很无聊。) 9 chemical /'kem kl/ n. 化学品 p. 6 n. 复数:chemicals chemistry(n. 化学);chemist(n. 化学家;药剂师) chemical products(化学产品);chemical industry(化学工业) 1. We shouldn't pour chemicals into the river.(我们不应该把化学品倒入河里。)2. This factory produces many kinds of chemicals.(这家工厂生产多种化学品。) 10 wastewater /'we stw :t (r)/ n. 废水 p. 6 n. 不可数,无复数 N/A wastewater treatment(废水处理) 1. The factory has to treat wastewater before pouring it out.(这家工厂必须先处理废水才能排放。)2. Wastewater from homes can also pollute the environment.(家庭废水也会污染环境。) 11 treatment /'tri:tm nt/ n.(净化或防治)处理;加工 p. 6 n. 复数:treatments treat(v. 治疗;对待;处理) medical treatment(医疗);wastewater treatment(废水处理) 1. He needs special medical treatment for his illness.(他的病需要特殊的医疗。)2. The treatment of the old building will take three months.(这座旧建筑的修缮将需要三个月。) 12 include / n'klu:d/ v. 把……列为……的一部分;包括 p. 6 v. 过去式/过去分词:included including(prep. 包括……在内);inclusion(n. 包含;加入) include sth.(包括某物);include doing sth.(包括做某事) 1. The price of the tour includes breakfast and dinner.(这次旅行的费用包括早餐和晚餐。)2. His hobbies include reading and playing basketball.(他的爱好包括阅读和打篮球。) 13 research /r 's :t / v. 研究;探讨;调查 n. 研究;调查;探索 p. 6 v. 过去式/过去分词:researched;n. 复数:researches(具体研究项目) researcher(n. 研究者;调查者) do research(做研究);research on(关于……的研究) 1. She is researching the effects of climate change.(她正在研究气候变化的影响。)2. The team did a lot of research on this problem.(这个团队对这个问题做了大量研究。) 14 agree / 'gri:/ v. 同意;赞成 p. 6 v. 过去式/过去分词:agreed agreement(n. 同意;协议);disagree(v. 不同意) agree with sb.(同意某人);agree to do sth.(同意做某事);agree on sth.(就某事达成一致) 1. I agree with you that we should save water.(我同意你的看法,我们应该节约用水。)2. They agreed to meet at the school gate at 8 o'clock.(他们同意八点在学校门口见面。) 15 beyond /b 'j nd/ prep. 除……之外 p. 7 无词形变化(介词) N/A beyond one's ability(超出某人的能力);beyond doubt(毫无疑问) 1. This math problem is beyond my ability.(这道数学题超出了我的能力范围。)2. Beyond all doubt, he is the best student in our class.(毫无疑问,他是我们班最好的学生。) 16 energy-saving /'en d i se v / adj. 节能的 p. 7 无比较级/最高级(复合形容词) energy(n. 能量;能源);save(v. 节约;拯救) energy-saving products(节能产品);energy-saving lamp(节能灯) 1. We should use more energy-saving appliances at home.(我们家里应该使用更多节能电器。)2. This energy-saving car uses less petrol.(这款节能汽车消耗更少的汽油。) 17 dishwasher /'d w (r)/ n. 洗碗碟机 p. 7 n. 复数:dishwashers dish(n. 盘子;菜肴);wash(v. 洗) use a dishwasher(使用洗碗机) 1. My mother bought a new dishwasher last week.(我妈妈上周买了一台新的洗碗机。)2. Using a dishwasher can save a lot of time.(使用洗碗机可以节省很多时间。) 18 indirect / nd 'rekt; nda 'rekt/ adj. 间接的 p. 7 adj. 比较级:more indirect;最高级:most indirect direct(adj. 直接的;v. 指导);directly(adv. 直接地) indirect way(间接的方式);indirect influence(间接影响) 1. He told me the news in an indirect way.(他用间接的方式告诉了我这个消息。)2. The change has an indirect influence on our life.(这个变化对我们的生活有间接影响。) 19 kilo /'ki:l / n. (= kilogram) 千克;公斤 p. 7 n. 复数:kilos kilogram(n. 千克;公斤);kilometre(n. 千米;公里) a kilo of(一千克……);two kilos of apples(两千克苹果) 1. I need to buy a kilo of meat for dinner.(我需要买一千克肉做晚饭。)2. This bag of rice weighs five kilos.(这袋大米重五千克。) 20 hamburger /'h mb :g (r)/ n. 汉堡包 p. 7 n. 复数:hamburgers N/A eat a hamburger(吃一个汉堡包);a beef hamburger(牛肉汉堡包) 1. He often eats a hamburger for lunch.(他午餐经常吃一个汉堡包。)2. My little sister doesn't like hamburgers with onions.(我妹妹不喜欢加洋葱的汉堡包。) 21 cotton /'k tn/ n. 棉织物;棉布 p. 7 n. 复数:cottons(棉株);不可数(棉织物) cottony(adj. 棉质的;像棉花的) cotton clothes(棉质衣服);a piece of cotton(一块棉布) 1. She likes wearing cotton clothes in summer.(她夏天喜欢穿棉质衣服。)2. This shirt is made of cotton.(这件衬衫是棉质的。) 22 touching /'t t / adj. 令人同情的;感人的 p. 8 adj. 比较级:more touching;最高级:most touching touch(v. 触摸;感动;n. 触摸;接触);touched(adj. 受感动的) a touching story(一个感人的故事);be touching(令人感动的) 1. The movie tells a touching story about a mother and her son.(这部电影讲述了一个关于母亲和儿子的感人故事。)2. Her words were so touching that everyone cried.(她的话太感人了,大家都哭了。) 23 desert /'dez t/ n. 沙漠 p. 8 n. 复数:deserts deserted(adj. 荒芜的;被遗弃的) the Sahara Desert(撒哈拉沙漠);cross the desert(穿越沙漠) 1. The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world.(撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠。)2. It's very difficult to cross the desert without water.(没有水穿越沙漠是非常困难的。) 24 soap /s p/ n. 肥皂 v. 抹肥皂;用肥皂擦洗 p. 8 n. 复数:soaps(一块肥皂);v. 过去式/过去分词:soaped soapy(adj. 涂有肥皂的;多肥皂泡的) a bar of soap(一块肥皂);wash with soap(用肥皂洗) 1. Please buy a bar of soap when you go to the supermarket.(你去超市时请买一块肥皂。)2. She soaped her hands before washing them.(她洗手前先在手上抹了肥皂。) 25 corner /'k :n (r)/ n. 角 p. 8 n. 复数:corners N/A in the corner of(在……的角落里);at the corner of(在……的拐角处) 1. There is a table in the corner of the room.(房间的角落里有一张桌子。)2. You can find a bank at the corner of this street.(在这条街的拐角处你能找到一家银行。) 26 pot /p t/ n. 罐;瓶;壶;锅 p. 8 n. 复数:pots pottery(n. 陶器);potter(n. 陶工) a coffee pot(咖啡壶);a flower pot(花盆) 1. My grandma uses a clay pot to cook soup.(我奶奶用砂锅煮汤。)2. There are some beautiful flowers in the pot.(花盆里有一些漂亮的花。) 27 set off 出发;动身;启程 p. 8 动词短语 过去式/过去分词:set off N/A set off for(动身去……);set off early(早早出发) 1. They will set off for Beijing tomorrow morning.(他们明天早上将动身去北京。)2. We set off at 6 o'clock to catch the early train.(为了赶上早班火车,我们六点就出发了。) 28 hole /h l/ n. 洞;坑 p. 8 n. 复数:holes N/A a hole in the ground(地上的一个洞);dig a hole(挖一个坑) 1. The dog dug a hole in the garden to hide its bone.(狗在花园里挖了个坑藏骨头。)2. There is a hole in my socks, so I need to buy a new pair.(我的袜子上有个洞,所以我需要买一双新的。) 29 step /step/ v. 迈步;踩 n. 脚步;台阶 p. 8 v. 过去式/过去分词:stepped;n. 复数:steps step by step(adv. 逐步地) step on(踩在……上);take a step(迈出一步);step forward(向前迈步) 1. Be careful not to step on the grass.(小心别踩到草地上。)2. She took a step forward and smiled at me.(她向前迈了一步,对我笑了笑。) 30 mud /m d/ n. 泥;淤泥 p. 8 n. 不可数,无复数 muddy(adj. 泥泞的;多泥的) in the mud(在泥里);muddy water(泥水) 1. His shoes were covered with mud after the rain.(雨后他的鞋子沾满了泥。)2. The children like to play in the mud, which makes their parents angry.(孩子们喜欢在泥里玩,这让他们的父母很生气。) 31 bathe /be / v. 用水清洗(尤指身体部位) p. 9 v. 过去式/过去分词:bathed bath(n. 洗澡;浴室;v. 洗澡);bathroom(n. 浴室;卫生间) bathe sb.'s feet(给某人洗脚);bathe in(在……中洗澡;沉浸在) 1. She bathed her baby's face with warm water.(她用温水给宝宝洗脸。)2. People like to bathe in the sea during summer.(夏天人们喜欢在海里游泳。) 32 shine / a n/ v. 照耀 p. 9 v. 过去式/过去分词:shone shiny(adj. 闪亮的;发光的) shine brightly(明亮地照耀);shine on(照耀在……上) 1. The sun shone brightly in the sky yesterday.(昨天太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着。)2. The moonlight shone on the lake, making it very beautiful.(月光照耀在湖面上,使它非常美丽。) 33 forward /'f :w d/ adv. 向前 p. 9 无词形变化(副词) forwardly(adv. 向前地;冒失地) move forward(向前移动);look forward to(期待……,后接名词/动名词) 1. The car moved forward slowly in the heavy traffic.(在拥挤的交通中,汽车缓慢地向前移动。)2. We are looking forward to meeting our new teacher.(我们期待着见到我们的新老师。) 34 pour /p :(r)/ v. 使(液体)连续流出;倒出 p. 9 v. 过去式/过去分词:poured pouring(adj. 倾盆而下的) pour sth. into(把某物倒入……);pour down(倾盆而下,指雨) 1. She poured the milk into a glass carefully.(她小心地把牛奶倒入杯子里。)2. It poured down all night, so the ground is wet now.(雨下了一整晚,所以现在地面是湿的。) 35 shut / t/ adj. & v. 关闭;合上 p. 9 v. 过去式/过去分词:shut;adj. 无比较级变化 shutdown(n. 关闭;停工) shut the door(关门);shut off(切断;关闭);be shut(处于关闭状态) 1. Please shut the window before you leave the room.(离开房间前请关上窗户。)2. The shop is shut on Sundays.(这家商店周日关门。) 36 drop /dr p/ n. 滴;水珠 v. 掉落 p. 9 n. 复数:drops;v. 过去式/过去分词:dropped dropping(n. 滴;落下物) a drop of(一滴……);drop sth.(掉落某物);drop off(入睡;减少) 1. There is a drop of water on the leaf.(叶子上有一滴水。)2. She dropped her phone on the floor by accident.(她不小心把手机掉在了地上。) 37 fully /'f li/ adv. 完全地;充分地 p. 9 无比较级/最高级(多音节副词) full(adj. 满的;完全的);fullness(n. 满;丰富) fully understand(完全理解);be fully prepared(做好充分准备) 1. I fully understand your feelings now.(我现在完全理解你的感受了。)2. They are fully prepared for the coming exam.(他们为即将到来的考试做好了充分准备。) 38 precious /'pre s/ adj. 宝贵的;珍贵的 p. 9 adj. 比较级:more precious;最高级:most precious preciousness(n. 珍贵;宝贵) precious time(宝贵的时间);precious memories(珍贵的回忆) 1. We should cherish every precious minute in our life.(我们应该珍惜生命中的每一分宝贵时光。)2. The photo album is full of precious memories of my family.(这本相册里满是我家人的珍贵回忆。) 39 shoulder /' ld (r)/ n. 肩膀 v. 背;扛;挑 p. 11 n. 复数:shoulders;v. 过去式/过去分词:shouldered shoulderless(adj. 无肩的) on one's shoulder(在某人肩上);shoulder the responsibility(承担责任) 1. The little girl sat on her father's shoulders to see the show.(小女孩坐在爸爸的肩上看表演。)2. He is ready to shoulder the responsibility of the team.(他准备好承担团队的责任了。) 40 snake /sne k/ n. 蛇 v. 曲折前行;蛇行 p. 11 n. 复数:snakes;v. 过去式/过去分词:snaked snake-like(adj. 像蛇一样的) a poisonous snake(毒蛇);snake through(蜿蜒穿过) 1. We saw a small snake in the grass when we were hiking.(我们徒步旅行时在草丛里看到了一条小蛇。)2. The river snakes through the small village.(这条河蜿蜒穿过这个小村庄。) 41 thirsty /' :sti/ adj. 口渴的 p. 11 adj. 比较级:thirstier;最高级:thirstiest thirst(n. 口渴;渴望);thirstily(adv. 口渴地) be thirsty(口渴);be thirsty for(渴望……) 1. After playing basketball for an hour, I felt very thirsty.(打了一个小时篮球后,我感到非常口渴。)2. All the students are thirsty for knowledge.(所有学生都渴望知识。) 42 nor /n :(r)/ conj. 也不 p. 11 无词形变化(连词) N/A neither...nor...(既不……也不……,谓语动词就近原则) 1. He can neither speak English nor French.(他既不会说英语也不会说法语。)2. Neither my mother nor my father likes spicy food.(我妈妈和爸爸都不喜欢吃辣的食物。) 43 limited /'l m t d/ adj. 有限的 p. 14 adj. 比较级:more limited;最高级:most limited limit(v. 限制;n. 限制;限度);limitation(n. 限制;局限) limited time(有限的时间);be limited to(被限制在……) 1. We have limited time to finish this work, so we must hurry.(我们完成这项工作的时间有限,所以必须快点。)2. The number of participants is limited to 50.(参与者的人数限制在50人以内。) 44 spread /spred/ v. 传播 p. 14 v. 过去式/过去分词:spread spreadable(adj. 可涂抹的;可传播的) spread news(传播消息);spread out(展开;扩散);spread from...to...(从……传播到……) 1. The news spread quickly all over the school.(这个消息很快传遍了整个学校。)2. We need to spread the cloth out on the table first.(我们需要先把桌布铺在桌子上。) 45 awareness / 'we n s/ n. 意识 p. 14 n. 不可数,无复数 aware(adj. 意识到的;知道的);unaware(adj. 没意识到的) environmental awareness(环保意识);raise awareness(提高意识) 1. We should help students develop environmental awareness.(我们应该帮助学生培养环保意识。)2. The activity aims to raise people's awareness of water conservation.(这项活动旨在提高人们的节水意识。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $