Unit1 Section A 导学案及单词背诵小页 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦核心词汇与短语的系统梳理，涵盖形容词、动词、名词及副词的多义辨析，如“ancient”“camp”“scenery”“strange”等，通过填空形式构建语言输入支架，前后知识点环环相扣，由基础词汇到复合表达层层递进，帮助学生在真实语境中理解词义并迁移运用。 本资料突出语言能力与思维品质的融合培养，借助情境化练习强化词汇的语用意识，例如“stand up”“breathe in”等短语引导学生从动作感知走向意义建构，体现学习能力的发展路径。其亮点在于以文化意识为纽带，巧妙融入中国元素如“汽锅鸡”和“丝绸”，激发学生对本土文化的认同感，同时通过对比“comfortable/uncomfortable”等反义词群训练批判性思维，实现学科育人目标。

英语精讲：Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A How do people spend their holidays? ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的；古老的 camp /kæmp/ 度假地，营地；露营 landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ 风景，景色 strange /streɪndʒ/ 奇怪的，陌生的 vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃn/ 假期 fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ 极好的 town /taʊn/ 镇，商业区 breath /breθ/ 呼吸的空气；一口气 take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ 尤其；特别 steamed /stiːmd/ chicken soup 汽锅鸡 anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/ 在任何地方 nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ 没有任何东西；没有事 scenery /ˈsiːnəri/ 风景，景色 silk /sɪlk/ 丝绸；(蚕) 丝 scarf /skɑːf/ 围巾；披巾 nothing but /ˈnʌθɪŋ bʌt/ 只有；只是 hotel /həʊˈtel/ 旅馆；旅社 comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/ 舒服的；舒适的 ready /ˈredi/ 准备好的；已做完，已完成 ready to do sth 马上要 (做某事)；愿意做 (某事) somewhere /ˈsʌmweə(r)/ 在某处，到某处；某个地方 sky /skaɪ/ 天空 bored /bɔːd/ 厌倦的；烦闷的 stand up /stænd ʌp/ 站起；起立 towards /təˈwɔːdz/ (=toward) 向；朝 rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ 彩虹 square /skweə(r)/ 广场，正方形；正方形的，平方的 Guest-Greeting Pine /ɡestˈɡriːtɪŋ paɪn/ 迎客松 Sea of Clouds 云海 California /ˌkælɪˈfɔːniə/ 加利福尼亚 (美国州名) Red Square /red skweə(r)/ 红场 ★重要语法知识讲解 1. strange的用法 【用法】 adj. 奇怪的；陌生的 When I first came to this town, everything seemed strange to me. __________ It’s strange that he didn’t show up at the party. __________ 【变形】 (1) strangely adv. 奇怪地；异常地；不可思议地 He behaved strangely at the meeting. 他在会议上表现得很奇怪。 (2) stranger n. 陌生人 Don’t talk to strangers on the Internet. 不要在网上和陌生人交谈。 【题目】 1. —Why do you look so worried? —Because I saw a ___________ face at the window. I didn’t know who it was. A. strange B. friendly C. happy D. familiar 2. I felt ___________ (strange) nervous before the speech. 3. She is always cautious when talking to ___________ (strange). 4. 翻译：对我而言，这个地方很陌生。 __________________________________________________ 2. especially的用法 【用法】 adv. 尤其，特别。在句中通常用来强调程度，突出某事物比其他事物更重要、更显著或更具特殊性 I like all kinds of fruits, especially apples. 我喜欢各种各样的水果，尤其喜欢苹果。 The city is beautiful, especially at night. 这座城市很美，尤其是在夜晚。 【题目】 1. It’s always hot in summer here, __________ in July and August. A. especially B. usually C. finally D. luckily 2. She works very hard, __________ in math. Her math grades are always the best in the class. A. clearly B. especially C. nearly D. hardly 3. Lots of people choose to relax after working, but Mr. Liu is __________ not one of them. He always volunteer to help others in need when he is free. A. differently B. especially C. certainly D. heavily 3. breath的用法 【用法】 n. 呼吸 v. 呼吸 __________ Take a deep breath and then you can keep yourself cool. ______________ After running up the stairs, she was out of breath. ______________ 【搭配】 _______________ 深呼吸 _______________ 气喘吁吁；上气不接下气 hold one’s breath _______________ take one’s breath away _______________ 【题目】 1. I’m so tired now, please let me have a __________ (breathe). 2. The boy swam across the river. When he reached the bank, he was ______. A. out of trouble B. out of date C. out of breath D. out of order 3. It’s important for us ___________ (breathe) fresh air every day. 4. 不定代词的用法 【词汇】 thing body one some any no every 【例句】 My mother made something delicious for dinner yesterday. He didn’t find anything interesting in that old book. Does everyone know the rules of this game? 【语法】 (1) some-系列：一般用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议，希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中也可以使用。例如：Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗？ any-系列：常用于否定句和疑问句。例如：Is there anyone in the classroom? 教室里有人吗？/ I don’t have anything to do. 我没有任何事情可做。 no-系列：本身表示否定意义，相当于“not... any”。例如：Nobody likes to be laughed at.（没有人喜欢被嘲笑。）相当于No one likes to be laughed at. 也相当于 Everyone doesn’t like to be laughed at. every-系列：用于肯定句，表示“每个”。例如：Everything is ready for the party.（聚会的一切都准备好了。） (2) 不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例句：I think everyone in my class __________ (be) friendly. I find something __________ (go) wrong. (3) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时，需后置 例句：I want to do something different this vacation. (4) everything与anything 用于肯定句： everything：直接使用，表示所有的事物。例如：“I believe everything he said.”（我相信他说的一切。） anything：通常用于肯定句时，意为 “任何（一个）”，表示从众多事物中任选其一，语气较为强调个体的随意性。例如：“You can choose anything you like from the menu.”（你可以从菜单上选择任何你喜欢的东西。） 用于否定句 everything：用于否定句时，构成部分否定，表示 “不是所有的……”。例如：“Not everything he does is right.”（他做的事情并非每件都是对的。） anything：用于否定句时，构成全部否定，表示 “任何事物都不……”。例如：“I don't know anything about it.”（我对此一无所知。） 用于疑问句 everything：较少用于疑问句，若使用则是询问关于整体的所有情况。例如：“Did you bring everything you need?”（你把你需要的所有东西都带来了吗？） anything：常用于疑问句，询问是否存在某一事物或任何事物。例如：“Do you have anything to say?”（你有什么要说的吗？） 【题目】 1. Not __________ likes coffee, like my father, he only likes tea. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 2. Would you like __________ (something) to eat? 3. —Did you find __________ in the old box? —No, there was __________ inside. A. something; anything B. anything; nothing C. nothing; something D. anything; something 4. The math problem is too difficult. __________ in our class can solve it. A. Someone B. Anyone C. Everyone D. No one 5. There is __________ wrong with my bike. It doesn’t work. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 6. — Is there __________ in today’s newspaper? — No, there isn’t. A. something important B. anything important C. important something D. important anything 5. comfortable的用法 【用法】 adj. 舒服的，舒适的 adj. 不舒服的__________ adv. 舒服地 __________ v. comfort __________ This sofa is so comfortable that I almost fall asleep on it. When my friend was sad, I gave her a hug to comfort her. 【题目】 1. The hotel room is very __________, because it has a big window with a nice view. A. clean B. comfortable C. dirty D. small 2. I like Sun Cinema best, because it has the biggest seat, I can sit __________ (comfortable). 3. I think the boy is impolite, everyone is __________ (comfortable) about him. 6. bored的用法 【用法】 bored adj. 无聊的，修饰人 boring adj. 令人无聊的，修饰物 I am bored with this movie. It’s too long and dull. The story my father tells me is so boring, I almost fall sleep. 【区分】 与bored，boring相类似用法的单词还有： 感兴趣的 __________ 放松的 __________ 有趣的 __________ 令人放松的 __________ 兴奋的 __________ 惊讶的 __________ 令人兴奋的 __________ 令人惊讶的 __________ 感到疲惫的 __________ 令人疲惫的 __________ 【题目】 1. Walking in the mountain makes me feel comfortable and __________ (relax). 2. I’m so __________ (tire) after running for an hour. 3. We’re going on an __________ (excite) trip to the mountains next week. Tick the activities you did during the summer holiday. You can add more. ⚪took music lessons ⚪visited my grandparents ⚪visited some ancient buildings ⚪went to a festival ⚪went to the mountains ⚪went to a summer camp Complete the two summaries. Conversation 1 Emma: Hi, Yaming. How was your vacation? Yaming: Hi, Emma. It was great. I went to Mount Huangshan. Emma: Oh, really? What’s it like? Yaming: It was so beautiful. No one wanted to leave. Emma: What did you see there? Yaming: I saw the Guest-Greeting Pine, the Sea of Clouds, lots of strange rocks, and many ancient buildings. Here, I can show you some photos. Emma: Thanks. Wow! That looks amazing! Did you go with anyone? Yaming: Yeah, I went with my family. Everyone said they wanted to go again. Emma: Cool! I’d like to go too! Conversation 2 Yaming: How about you, Emma? Where did you go on holiday? Emma: I went back to the US with my mum and sister. Yaming: I see. So, did you do anything interesting there? Emma: Yes, I went to a strawberry festival. The food was great! Everything had strawberries in it. I ate strawberry cookies and strawberry chocolates. They were delicious! Yaming: That sounds fantastic! Emma: Yeah, it was. The festival was near my grandparents’ house in California too. Yaming: Nice! Did you stay with them? Emma: Yes, we stayed for ten days. Conversation Adam: Hi, Peter. How are you? Peter: Hi, Adam. I’m fine, thanks. Adam: How was your holiday? Peter: It was fantastic. Adam: Did you go anywhere interesting? Peter: Yes, I went to Yunnan with my family. Adam: Wow! That sounds great. Did you go to Lijiang? Peter: Yes, we stayed in the old town for a few days, and we enjoyed it very much. Adam: Did you visit Yulong Mountain? Everyone says it’s beautiful. Peter: It is! It just took my breath away. We took a lot of great photos there. Adam: Did you eat anything special? Peter: Yes, we did! Everything tasted good, especially the steamed chicken soup. What about you? Someone said you went to Beijing Adam: No, not this holiday. I did nothing special. I just stayed at home to read, play games, and relax, but it was still fun. Read the conversation and complete the table. Name Where did he go/stay? What did he do? How did he feel? Peter Adam Complete the summary of the conversation. Peter had a __________ holiday. He went to Yunnan with his __________. They stayed in the old __________ of Lijiang for a few days and __________ it very much. They __________ Yulong Mountain and took a lot of photos there. They also tried some Yunnan dishes, and they __________ the steamed chicken soup. Adam didn’t do __________ special, but he still had a relaxing and __________ holiday. Grammar Focus Did you do anything interesting on your holiday? No, nothing special. But I met someone interesting. Did you go anywhere interesting? Yes, I went to Yunnan. Did you go with anyone? Yes, I went with my family. Did you eat something special? Yes, we did! Everything tasted good, especially the steamed chicken soup. Everyone loved it. Complete the conversation with the correct indefinite pronouns. A: Did you do __________ interesting on your holiday? B: No, __________ special. How about you? A: Well, I went to Hangzhou and spent a few days there. B: Really? __________ says the scenery around the West Lake is so beautiful. A: It is. We had a wonderful experience. B: Great! So, did you go there with __________? A: Yes, I went with my family. Oh! I just remembered. I got you _________ as a gift. Here you are! B: Wow, it’s a silk scarf. Thank you! A: You’re welcome! Complete the sentences with the correct indefinite pronouns. Then put the sentences in order to make a story. __________ It rained heavily when I arrived at the town, so I could do nothing but stay in the hotel. __________ __________ had left a book in my room, and that was exactly what I needed. __________ It was a nice hotel. The bed was comfortable and __________ was clean. 1 It was summer. __________ was ready to find somewhere to go. __________ “Look at the sky!” said an excited voice. “How amazing! I never saw __________ like this!” __________ I was so bored that I decided to find __________ to read. __________ I decided to visit a town close to my city, but I couldn’t find __________ to go with me. __________ I stood up and walked towards the window. There was a beautiful double rainbow across the sky. Grammar： 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Did you do __________ (something) interesting in your summer vacation? 2. Did Cindy buy __________ (something) for her mother in Beijing？ 3. I’m hungry. Can I have something __________ (eat)? 4. When something terrible __________ (worry) me, I always go to her for help. 5. __________ (something) is possible as long as (只要) you work hard. 6. Everyone in my class __________ (enjoy) the history lessons very much. 7. Would you like __________ (something) to eat? 8. He hardly eats __________ (something) in the morning, and just drinks a glass of water. 9. __________ (something) can stop us from working for our country. We are proud of our country. 10. Did you do __________ (something) special on your vacation? Unit1 Section A 练习题 一、阅读理解。 Every year in late March, lots of people would like to visit Xizang to enjoy the flowers of peach trees (桃树). Mu went there this year, but he went there in a special way. 32-year-old Mu had an idea of visiting Xizang by driving a coffee van (咖啡车). When he had the trip, he could sell coffee on his way to make money. It took him about six months to make the van good enough to go. And then he left Chongqing in late February. However, the trip was not as wonderful as he thought. Days later, there was a heavy snow. Mu had to stay in the mountains for two days. He ate and slept in the van. He had problems getting water and food. But Mu kept going when the weather was fine. When there were a lot of cars on the road, Mu would stop and sell coffee. He also made special drinks. People liked his drinks, too. In March, Mu arrived in Xizang. He stayed there for a few weeks. Mu was tired, but when he saw the flowers, he felt his trip was great. “Xizang is so beautiful that I want to come here again, ” Mu said. ( ) 1. Why would lots of people like to go to Xizang in March? A. To try delicious food. B. To make money. C. To pick fruit. D. To enjoy the flowers. ( ) 2. What did Mu do during (在……期间) his trip to Xizang? A. He made many friends. B. He sold coffee. C. He climbed mountains. D. He bought special drinks. ( ) 3. What problems did Mu meet during his trip? ① He didn’t have a van. ② He had no place to sleep. ③ He didn’t have enough water or food. ④ The weather was terrible. A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④ ( ) 4. When did Mu arrive in Xizang? A. In February. B. In March. C. In April. D. In May. ( ) 5. How was Mu’s trip? A. Tiring but enjoyable. B. Tiring and boring. C. Easy and enjoyable. D. Easy but boring. B Going on a vacation is a fun and relaxing way to spend time. But it isn’t easy to have a great vacation. Here are some tips (提示). Decide where you’d like to go. A few days or weeks before the vacation, make a list (清单) of some places you want to visit. Then spend time talking about each place with your friends or parents and find out your favorite one. Think about how to go. It depends on (取决于) how far your place is and how much money you want to spend. And you must get enough money for your vacation. If not, you may get into trouble (困境). Find a great hotel. It’s easy to get tired on a vacation. So you’d better look for a good place to sleep and relax. You can try to find a very good hotel on the Internet. Plan (计划) your activities. Think about everyone who is going with you. And plan activities that all of you may like to do. And it also depends on how long you want to stay there. Write a list of things you need to take. Don’t forget to take anything necessary during your travel. Think about things you need every day when you are away, such as umbrellas, cameras (照相机) and clothes. ( ) 6. What do you need to talk with your friends or parents? A. Where you want to go. B. How much you want to spend. C. Why you want to travel. D. Who helps you with homework. ( ) 7. When may you get into trouble according to the passage (根据这篇短文)? A. When you don’t have enough time to sleep. B. When you don’t have enough money. C. When you get lost on the way. D. When you don’t take a map. ( ) 8. The third tip is that you need to ________. A. wear school uniforms B. take the bus C. find a good hotel D. take some things with you ( ) 9. What isn’t in the list of things according to the passage? A. Umbrellas. B. Cameras. C. Clothes. D. Food. ( ) 10. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to make friends. B. How to plan a great vacation. C. How to make money. D. How to follow the rules. 二、完形填空。 Maria Green doesn’t like weekends at all, because when weekends come, she has to stay at home alone. 1 her parents are busy with work, so they 2 have time to stay with her. How Maria 3 to have a weekend with her parents! Last Friday night, Maria’s parents came home from work very 4 . When Maria got home, supper was already ready. “Dear, what’s your 5 for this weekend?” asked her mom. “ 6 special. Do my homework and watch TV as usual!” Maria 7 sadly. “Let’s do something 8 this time,” her mom smiled. “I want to, 9 both of you are always busy!” said Maria. “What about a picnic? We went 10 and got the food and drinks ready this afternoon.” Maria couldn’t 11 her ears! She was so excited. So the next day, the Greens were in the West Hill Park. They 12 kites, went boating and had a big meal together. Everybody enjoyed the 13 and it was a very pleasant (愉快的) weekend. “Thanks for such a great picnic!” Maria said 14 tears in her eyes. “We’re 15 we didn’t spend much time with you, Maria, but we’ll have more time to stay together from now on!” her parents said with a smile. ( ) 1. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None ( ) 2. A. sometimes B. often C. usually D. hardly ( ) 3. A. wonders B. wishes C. cares D. hurries ( ) 4. A. slowly B. carefully C. late D. early ( ) 5. A. need B. plan C. problem D. sense ( ) 6. A. Something B. Everything C. Nothing D. Anything ( ) 7. A. answered B. told C. spoke D. talked ( ) 8. A. usual B. different C. useful D. patient ( ) 9. A. but B. and C. because D. when ( ) 10. A. fishing B. swimming C. working D. shopping ( ) 11. A. hold B. find C. believe D. hand ( ) 12. A. took B. flew C. described D. blew ( ) 13. A. picnic B. film C. drinks D. music ( ) 14. A. over B. for C. with D. from ( ) 15. A. afraid B. sorry C. happy D. surprised 三、语法填空。 Emily and her family talked about their vacation trip. Emily wanted to go to the beach, 1. __________ Alex, her brother, wanted to go camping in the mountains. At last, they 2. __________ (decide) to go to a place, and there, they could do both (两者). They 3. __________ (leave) early the next morning. In their father’s car, Emily and Alex were very happy. They couldn’t wait 4. __________ (get) to the place. Two hours later, they arrived. They found a blue lake and green mountains. Emily and Alex were excited—it was good for both beach 5. __________ (activity) and camping. The family put up their tent first. Then they went 6. __________ (climb). They were surprised to see the beautiful views (风景) in the mountains. They also found some lovely small animals 7. __________ the way. In the afternoon, Emily and Alex started to build sandcastles (建沙堡) by the lake. It was 8. __________ (enjoy) to feel the sand under their feet and the sun on their faces. But just as they finished their work, it started raining. Luckily, they took 9. __________ (umbrella) with them, so they didn’t get wet. That night, the family sat around a campfire (篝火), singing happily. “The trip is 10. __________ (wonder),” said Emily. “I love it!” 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ancient 古代的;古老的 camp 度假地,营地;露营 go camping 去野营 scenery landscape sight wonder 风景,景色 strange 奇怪的 陌生的 陌生人 strangers vacation 假期 fantastic 极好的 town 镇,商业区 breath n. 呼吸的空气;一口气 breathe v. 呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 out of breath 上气不接下气地 take one’s breath away 令人惊叹;让人叹绝 especially 尤其;特别 steamed chicken soup 汽锅鸡 anywhere 在任何地方 nothing 没有任何东西;没有事 silk 丝绸;(蚕) 丝 scarf 围巾;披巾 scarves (复数) nothing 只有;只是 hotel 旅馆;旅社 comfortable adj. 舒服的;舒适的 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地 uncomfortably adv. 不舒服地 comfort v./n. 安慰 ready 准备好的;已做完,已完成 be ready to do 马上要/愿意做 (某事) somewhere 在某处,到某处;某个地方 sky 天空 boring 无聊的 (修饰人) bored 无聊的 (修饰物) stand up 站起;起立 stand 站立;忍受 towards 向;朝 rainbow 彩虹 square 广场,正方形;正方形的,平方的 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 答案： P3 1. A strangely strangers The place is strange for me P4 2. A B C 3. breathe take a deep breath out of breath 屏住呼吸 令人惊叹 breath C to breathe P7 4. D something B D C B 5. uncomfortable comfortably 安慰 B comfortably uncomfortable P8 6. interested interesting relaxed relaxing excited exciting amazed amazing tired tiring relaxed tired exciting P19 anything anything to eat worries Everything enjoys something anything Nothing anything P20 阅读理解。 A: DBCBA B: ABCDB 完形填空。 ADBCB CABAD CBACB 语法填空。 but decided left to get activities climbing along enjoyable umbrellas wonderful 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ __________ 古代的；古老的 __________ 度假地，营地；露营 __________ 去野营 __________ __________ __________ __________ 风景，景色 strange __________ __________ 陌生人 __________ __________ 假期 __________ 极好的 __________ 镇，商业区 __________ n. 呼吸的空气；一口气 __________ v. 呼吸 __________ 深吸一口气 __________ 上气不接下气地 __________ 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 __________ 尤其；特别 __________ 汽锅鸡 __________ 在任何地方 __________ 没有任何东西；没有事 __________ 丝绸；(蚕) 丝 __________ 围巾；披巾 __________ (复数) __________ 只有；只是 __________ 旅馆；旅社 __________ adj. 舒服的；舒适的 __________ adj. 不舒服的 __________ adv. 舒服地 __________ adv. 不舒服地 comfort v./n. __________ __________ 准备好的；已做完，已完成 __________ 马上要/愿意做 (某事) __________ 在某处，到某处；某个地方 __________ 天空 __________ 无聊的 (修饰人) __________ 无聊的 (修饰物) __________ 站起；起立 stand __________ __________ __________ 向；朝 __________ 彩虹 __________ 广场，正方形；正方形的，平方的 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $