专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，云南专用）高一英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 以下汇编的阅读理解C篇按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会——旅游、历史与文化遗产、社会活动、文化交流、公共服务与设施 1.共享健身房｜难度0.85 推动健身资源共享。 2.可穿戴设备｜难度0.85 帮助用户导航，适用于听障人士等群体。 3.城市排名｜难度0.65 巴黎居首，欧洲城市占主导，香港年增长率最高。 4.口罩文化差异｜难度0.65 反映习惯与环境的影响。 5.世界杯体育场｜难度0.65 环保节能。 主题02 人与自我——健康、教育、生活方式、心理与个人成长 1.环保运动｜难度0.85 某些运动（如高尔夫）耗资源，建议选择环保型运动如竞走。 2.科学饮水｜难度0.65 饮水过量可能导致水中毒，需根据个人情况科学饮水。 3.体育教育重要性｜难度0.65 体育课有助于学生身心健康、压力缓解和学业提升。 4.自然灾害｜难度0.65 自然灾害类型及影响，小行星撞击是地球最大威胁之一。 5.网络友谊｜难度0.65 探讨网络社交对真实友谊的影响，专家认为适度使用有益。 6.走神对学习的影响｜难度0.65 研究发现课堂走神会降低记忆力和学习效果，需干预改善。 7.友谊与健康｜难度0.65 积极社交关系有助于降低压力、改善健康，需维护良好友谊。 8.运动与认知遗传｜难度0.65 研究发现运动带来的认知改善可能跨代遗传。 9.运动与学业｜难度0.65 参加体育活动有助于提高学生注意力和学业表现。 10.运动与大脑健康｜难度0.65 中等强度运动可使大脑更年轻，延缓记忆衰退。 11.儿童与自然｜难度0.65 呼吁儿童减少屏幕时间，多参与户外活动，接触自然。 12.数字设备对情感理解的影响｜难度0.65 过度使用电子设备可能降低理解他人情绪的能力。 13.语言学习建议｜难度0.85 需克服恐惧、接受错误、不与他人比较，并庆祝小进步。 主题03 人与自然——环境、生态、可持续发展 1.绿色旅行｜难度0.65 分析绿色旅行的现状、挑战与趋势，反对“漂绿”行为。 2.树木的生命周期｜难度0.65 介绍树木从幼年到老年的生长过程及其对自然和人类的贡献。 3.海鸟应对风暴｜难度0.65 研究发现条纹鹱会飞入风暴中心以节省能量、避免天敌。 主题01 人与社会——旅游、历史与文化遗产、社会活动、文化交流、公共服务与设施 1．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started to focus on the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for only a person to use at a time, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-meter room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use. A refundable deposit (保证金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally nascent. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Center published a report which predicts that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 1．What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A．Holding one person at a time. B．Standing in the living communities. C．Offering open spaces. D．Having all advanced equipment. 2．What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A．Pay 100 yuan first. B．Let down curtains for privacy. C．Take a shower before exercise. D．Book a room ahead of time. 3．What does the underlined word “nascent” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Simple. B．Popular. C．Satisfying. D．New. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To advertise a technology company. B．To introduce shared gym rooms. C．To support the shared gym rooms. D．To predict the future of shared gym rooms. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是北京出现的共享健身房的特点、使用方法等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for only a person to use at a time, often set up near living communities.(普通健身房为许多会员同时提供大而开放的空间，而新建的共享健身房是小型的、独立的房间，每次只能供一个人使用，通常建在生活区附近)”可知，共享健身房不同于普通健身房的地方是共享健身房每次只能供一个人使用。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use.(与使用共享单车类似，用户可以通过智能手机应用程序找到共享健身房，提前预订房间，然后扫描二维码使用)”可知，人们需要提前预定房间才能使用共享健身房。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings.(去年12月，VRUN公司在办公楼和公寓楼里设置了共享跑步机)”可知，共享健身体验的概念并不完全是新生事物。由此可知，划线单词nascent的意义为“新兴的，初期的”，与D项中的new意义一致。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“After bikes and umbrellas  are made sharable across China, some companies started to focus on the  fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing.(在自行车和雨伞在中国变得可共享之后，一些公司开始关注健身市场，所以共享健身房在北京的街道上出现了)”及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍的是北京出现的共享健身房的特点、使用方法等信息。由此推知，作者写本文的目的是介绍共享健身房。故选B项。 2．(24-25高一上·昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期中) Scientists at Rice University in Houston, Texas have developed a wearable tool that “hits” users’ wrists (腕关节) with pressurized air, silently guiding them to their finishing point. The study, put out on August 29 in the magazine Device, showed that users could correctly read which direction the tool was telling them to go since the wearable uses air instead of electronics, it can be built lighter than present designs. The wearables may benefit people with hearing loss, and experts such as doctors, pilots, and soldiers who are crowded with signs and sounds. But while tools that produce signs or sounds are prevalent in everyday life, tools that use touch-based signs are still uncommon. To get over this difficulty, the Rice University researchers developed a light, comfortable wearable tool from fabric (织物) materials that can be worn on a user’s arm. The team tested the tool by measuring forces applied to the user as a function of pressure and the shape of the wearable. “Every person has a differently shaped arm, a different feeling of what ‘feels good’ in terms of the forces applied and the timing of the forces, and different abilities in responding to the type of touch-based signs we sent,” said Barclay Jumet, the lead author of the study. “Fortunately, our fabric-based wearable tool is easily tailorable and adjustable (可调节的) to a series of body types and sizes.” After testing the performance of the touch-based wearable tool in a lab-based study, the researchers set out to see how well these tools could guide users in a real-world situation. “We were amazed that the user was able to find his way around the streets of Houston and later follow 50 meters long on an open field with 100% exactness in receiving and reading touch-based signs,” said Daniel Preston, the co-author of the study, “Further development will seek to improve the ability to pass on even more difficult signs that are easily and naturally noticed by the user,” said Preston. 1．Why are the wearable tools lighter? A．The wrist requires lighter tools. B．They can be worn on a user’s arm. C．They use air to “hit” users’ wrists. D．The materials to make them are light. 2．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Powerful. B．Advanced. C．Confusing. D．Common. 3．How can the problem of different body types and sizes be solved? A．By carrying out more studies. B．By developing high-quality fabric. C．By tailoring and adjusting the tool. D．By sending exact touch-based signs. 4．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The cause of testing the tool in real life. B．The test of the tool’s real-life performance. C．The design of the touch-based wearable tool. D．The necessity of stepping from the lab to the real world. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家们开发了一种基于触觉的可穿戴设备，该设备通过向用户的手腕施加气压来引导用户到达目的地。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“the wearable uses air instead of electronics, it can be built lighter than present designs.(这种可穿戴设备使用空气而不是电子元件，因此可以做得比现在的设计更轻。)”可知，可穿戴设备更轻是因为它们使用空气“敲击”用户的手腕。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“But while tools that produce signs or sounds are prevalent in everyday life, tools that use touch-based signs are still uncommon.(然而，虽然产生标志或声音的工具在日常生活中很常见，但使用基于触摸的标志的工具仍然不常见。)中的转折词“but”可知，前半句和后半句之间形成转折关系，所以可推测出“prevalent”与“uncommon”是反义词，uncommon的意思是“不常见的”，那么prevalent的意思与之相反，为“常见的”。因此，单词“prevalent”在此处意为“常见的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“our fabric-based wearable tool is easily tailorable and adjustable (可调节的) to a series of body types and sizes.(我们的基于织物的可穿戴工具可以轻松裁剪和调整以适应不同的体型和尺寸。)”可知，可以通过裁剪和调整工具来解决不同体型和尺寸的问题。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“After testing the performance of the touch-based wearable tool in a lab-based study, the researchers set out to see how well these tools could guide users in a real-world situation.(在基于实验室的研究中测试了基于触摸的可穿戴工具的性能后，研究人员开始研究这些工具在现实世界中指导用户的效果如何。)”和接下来引用了研究合作者丹尼尔·普雷斯顿的话，具体介绍了实验情况可知，第五段主要讲的是测试工具在现实生活中的表现。故选B。 3．(24-25高一上·云南曲靖民族中学·期中) The Top 100 City Destinations (目的地) Index 2023, produced by company Lighthouse, looked at leading cities from around the world and ranked (排名) them on standards including tourism, sustainability (可持续性), economic performance and health and safety. Paris has once again been named the world’s most attractive city destination. Europe took the lead, with seven out of the top 10 cities and 63 countries in the top 100. The only non-European cities in the top 10 were Dubai at No.2, Tokyo at No.4 and New York at No.8. Madrid came third, while Amsterdam, Berlin and Rome were at Nos.5, 6 and 7 respectively. Barcelona and then London rounded out the top 10. Asia did well in the top 20 as Singapore (11). Seoul (14). Osaka (16) and Hong Kong (17) all made the list. According to the report, the secret of Europe’s success is “fast-paced urbanization (城市化) and widespread technology adoption”. Travellers now focus on high-speed Internet, flexible booking choices and spaces for teleworking. The report said, “Improving sustainability, transportation networks and social influence are some of the key goals cities are achieving today to increase competitiveness, improve their tourism offer and deliver a perfect customer journey.” Istanbul topped the list for the number of international arrivals in 2023, followed by London and then Dubai. The cities with the biggest year-on-year growth were Hong Kong (2, 495%) and Bangkok (142%). However, growing visitor numbers can be a mixed blessing, with bad influence on the local communities and the environment. Nadejda Popova, a manager at Euromonitor International, discussed in a report the ways cities are facing up to the challenge of overtourism. 1．Which is the most attractive city in 2023 according to the report? A．Dubai. B．New York. C．Paris. D．Berlin. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The influence of European cities. B．Advantages of big cities. C．The secret of tourism development. D．Advice for young travellers. 3．Which city topped the list for year-on-year growth in 2023? A．Istanbul. B．Hong Kong. C．Bangkok. D．London. 4．What does the underlined word “blessing” in the last paragraph mean? A．System. B．Story. C．Feeling. D．Favour. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是Lighthouse公司编制的《2023年百大城市目的地指数》的内容及其揭示的全球城市在旅游、可持续性、经济表现、健康和安全等方面的趋势和挑战。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Paris has once again been named the world’s most attractive city destination.(巴黎再次被评为世界上最具吸引力的城市)”可知，巴黎被评为2023年最具吸引力城市。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“According to the report, the secret of Europe’s success is “fast-paced urbanization (城市化) and widespread technology adoption”. Travellers now focus on high-speed Internet, flexible booking choices and spaces for teleworking. The report said, “Improving sustainability, transportation networks and social influence are some of the key goals cities are achieving today to increase competitiveness, improve their tourism offer and deliver a perfect customer journey.”(报告称，欧洲成功的秘诀在于“快节奏的城市化和广泛的技术采用”。旅行者现在关注的是高速互联网、灵活的预订选择和远程办公空间。该报告称，“改善可持续性、交通网络和社会影响力是城市目前正在实现的一些关键目标，以提高竞争力、改善旅游服务，并提供完美的客户旅程。”)”可知，第三段主要讲的是旅游发展的秘诀。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cities with the biggest year-on-year growth were Hong Kong (2, 495%) and Bangkok (142%).(同比增长最快的城市是香港（2495%）和曼谷（142%）。)”可知，2023年香港的同比增长率最高，故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“growing visitor numbers(游客人数不断增加)”和“with bad influence on the local communities and the environment(对当地社区和环境有不良影响)”可知，游客数量的增长可能是喜忧参半的，blessing的意思是“幸事”，和favour意思相近。故选D。 4．(23-24高一上·云南昆明上海师范大学附属官渡实验中学·期中) Three years ago, I made a journey from New York to London, with my daughter to see my mother. To my relief, the travel was far easier than I expected: the airports were empty, the plane was half-full and the airline staff kindly provided food and wine, which I drank greedily with a straw (吸管) while wearing the required face mask. What I did not expect was to be hit with a culture shock on arrival in London. In New York, face masks are now an inseparable (不可分离的) part of life. Street signs declare “OUTSIDE WITH NO MASK? FORGET ABOUT IT!” Buildings carry more polite notices warning that anyone without a mask is banned (禁止). And even without them, almost everyone I see on the streets in my corner of Manhattan has their face covered. Strangers sometimes shout angrily at people who do not. Indeed, there is such a strong sense of social pressure that in recent months I have worn a mask even when cycling alone, along Manhattan’s East river. And my daughter has taken to shopping online for “fashion masks”. But not so in London. A new report issued by the Royal Society and the British Academy shows that, at the end of April, just 25 percent of Brits wore face masks in public places compared with 66 percent of Americans. We saw this for ourselves: in London, we appeared to be almost the only people wearing masks on the streets or in shops; even on public transport some seem to reject (拒绝) them. Simon Roberts explains powerfully in a timely new book the Power of not Thinking. Habits matter deeply, but we hardly notice them — unless we travel. After a few days in London, I have started to “forget” my mask when I go outside. When I return to New York, I will have to relearn my habits all over again. 1．What does the underlined phrase “culture shock” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．The loss of culture. B．Confusion and difference. C．The face mask. D．A huge welcome. 2．Which word best describes New Yorkers’ attitude towards mask wearing? A．Serious. B．Indifferent. C．Annoyed. D．Doubtful. 3．In terms of mask wearing, which is the difference between Londoners and New Yorkers? A．Londoners think mask wearing is only necessary on public transport. B．None of the Londoners likes the idea of mask wearing. C．New Yorkers should wear masks even if alone. D．New Yorkers would react strongly to people without masks. 4．Why does the author mention the book the Power of not Thinking? A．To stress the importance of realizing one’s habits with environmental changes. B．To help people understand that each country has its own unique culture. C．To encourage people to travel and explore the world. D．To explain why there’s a culture shock. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历，说明了纽约人和伦敦人对待戴口罩问题的不同态度。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Three years ago, I made a journey from New York to London, with my daughter to see my mother.(三年前，我带着女儿从纽约到伦敦去看望母亲)”可知，作者来自纽约，根据第二段“In New York, face masks are now an inseparable (不可分离的) part of life. Street signs declare “OUTSIDE WITH NO MASK? FORGET ABOUT IT!” Buildings carry more polite notices warning that anyone without a mask is banned (禁止).(在纽约，口罩现在是生活中不可分割的一部分。路牌上写着“外出不戴口罩？算了吧！”建筑物上有更多礼貌的告示，警告没有口罩的人禁止进入)”可知纽约对待戴口罩问题很严肃，根据倒数第二段“We saw this for ourselves: in London, we appeared to be almost the only people wearing masks on the streets or in shops; even on public transport some seem to reject (拒绝) them.(我们亲眼看到了这一点：在伦敦，我们似乎是街上或商店里唯一戴口罩的人；甚至在公共交通工具上，一些人似乎也拒绝使用它们)”可知，伦敦人对戴口罩没那么严肃，所以作者来到纽约感到了困惑和不同。故划线词指的是“困惑和不同”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In New York, face masks are now an inseparable (不可分离的) part of life. Street signs declare “OUTSIDE WITH NO MASK? FORGET ABOUT IT!” Buildings carry more polite notices warning that anyone without a mask is banned (禁止).(在纽约，口罩现在是生活中不可分割的一部分。路牌上写着“外出不戴口罩？算了吧！”建筑物上有更多礼貌的告示，警告没有口罩的人禁止进入)”可推知，纽约人对戴口罩很严肃。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“In New York, face masks are now an inseparable (不可分离的) part of life. Street signs declare “OUTSIDE WITH NO MASK? FORGET ABOUT IT!” Buildings carry more polite notices warning that anyone without a mask is banned (禁止).(在纽约，口罩现在是生活中不可分割的一部分。路牌上写着“外出不戴口罩？算了吧！”建筑物上有更多礼貌的告示，警告没有口罩的人禁止进入)”以及倒数第二段“We saw this for ourselves: in London, we appeared to be almost the only people wearing masks on the streets or in shops; even on public transport some seem to reject (拒绝) them.(我们亲眼看到了这一点：在伦敦，我们似乎是街上或商店里唯一戴口罩的人；甚至在公共交通工具上，一些人似乎也拒绝使用它们)”可知，纽约人对不戴口罩的人反应强烈。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simon Roberts explains powerfully in a timely new book the Power of not Thinking. Habits matter deeply, but we hardly notice them — unless we travel.(西蒙·罗伯茨在他及时出版的新书《不思考的力量》中有力地解释了这一点。习惯很重要，但我们很少注意到它们——除非我们旅行)”可知，作者提到了《不思考的力量》这本书是为了强调在环境变化中意识到个人习惯的重要性。故选A。 5.(22-23高二上·云南昆明西山区·期末) Even if you are not a football fan you are sure to be impressed by the Lusail Stadium, the main stadium for Qatar (卡塔尔) World Cup 2022. The stadium catches peoples’ attention with its bold design and creative technique, which was inspired by the hand-crafted bowls found all across the Arab world, and the Fanar lanterns found in the region. The symbolic stadium was constructed by the China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC). “The stadium is the most international World Cup stadium with the largest and most complex systems, the highest design standards (标准) and the most advanced technology,” said Li Bai, the Chinese engineer from CRCC who was in charge of the project. The key to the Lusail Stadium’s design is its steel (钢) structure and roof which has the same amount of steel as three Eiffel Towers. Made of the best Polvtetrafluoroethvene (聚四氟Z烯) material, the stadium’s roof protects the stadium from hot winds, keeps out dust and allows in enough light for the grass on the football field to grow, while providing shade to reduce the pressure on the stadium’s cooling systems. The main structure mainly consists of V-shape trusses (桁架). This design solution reduced the amount of steel needed by 12000 tons. Designed using the team’s innovatively developed BIM — an architecture information modeling database — the Lusail Stadium uses 40 percent less water than traditional buildings thanks to measures such as systems that use collected rainwater and an improved water-saving sprinkler irrigation (喷灌) system, according to the construction team from CRCC． Making full use of China’s advantages in the infrastructure (基础设施) industry, Chinese companies have provided a full set of production chain solutions for the design and construction of the stadium. The stadium reflects China’s rich experience in designing creative, sustainable and reliable landmark buildings such as the “Bird’s Nest” and the “Ice Ribbon”. 1．What inspired the design of the Lusail Stadium? A．The advanced technology. B．The requests of football fans. C．Native bowls and local lanterns. D．The typical hand-crafted cups in Arab. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The features of the stadium’s roof. B．The cooling systems of the stadium. C．The design standards of the stadium. D．The building materials of the stadium. 3．What advantage does the Lusial Stadium have over traditional buildings? A．It uses steel structure to build. B．It has lower water consumption. C．It helps deal with extreme weather. D．It saves electricity and heat energy. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To stress the importance of the Lusial Stadium. B．To call on people to pay attention to green architecture. C．To introduce the main stadium of Qatar World Cup 2022. D．To show the development of Chinese construction technology. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年卡塔尔世界杯主体育场——卢塞尔体育场，包括它的设计灵感、特点和优势等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The stadium catches peoples’ attention with its bold design and creative technique, which was inspired by the hand-crafted bowls found all across the Arab world, and the Fanar lanterns found in the region.(该体育场以其大胆的设计和创造性的技术吸引了人们的注意，其灵感来自阿拉伯世界各地的手工制作的碗和该地区发现的法纳尔灯笼)”可知，卢塞尔体育场的设计灵感来自于当地手工制作的碗和灯笼。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The key to the Lusail Stadium’s design is its steel (钢) structure and roof which has the same amount of steel as three Eiffel Towers. Made of the best Polvtetrafluoroethvene (聚四氟Z烯) material, the stadium’s roof protects the stadium from hot winds, keeps out dust and allows in enough light for the grass on the football field to grow, while providing shade to reduce the pressure on the stadium’s cooling systems.(卢塞尔体育场设计的关键是它的钢结构和屋顶，它的钢用量相当于三座埃菲尔铁塔。体育场的屋顶由最好的聚四氟乙烯材料制成，可以保护体育场免受热风的影响，阻挡灰尘，并为足球场上的草提供足够的光线，同时提供遮阳以减少体育场冷却系统的压力)”可知，本段主要介绍了卢塞尔体育场屋顶的特点。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Designed using the team’s innovatively developed BIM — an architecture information modeling database — the Lusail Stadium uses 40 percent less water than traditional buildings thanks to measures such as systems that use collected rainwater and an improved water-saving sprinkler irrigation (喷灌) system, according to the construction team from CRCC.(据中国铁建的施工团队介绍，卢塞尔体育场的设计使用了该团队创新开发的BIM——一种建筑信息建模数据库——由于采用了收集雨水的系统和改进的节水喷灌系统等措施，比传统建筑节省了40%的水)”可知，与传统体育场相比，卢塞尔体育场的优势是用水量更少。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段的“Even if you are not a football fan you are sure to be impressed by the Lusail Stadium, the main stadium for Qatar (卡塔尔) World Cup 2022. The stadium catches peoples’ attention with its bold design and creative technique, which was inspired by the hand-crafted bowls found all across the Arab world, and the Fanar lanterns found in the region.(即使你不是足球迷，你也一定会对2022年卡塔尔世界杯的主体育场卢赛尔体育场印象深刻。这座体育场以其大胆的设计和创造性的技术吸引了人们的注意，其灵感来自阿拉伯世界各地的手工制作的碗和该地区发现的法纳尔灯笼)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍2022年卡塔尔世界杯主体育场——卢塞尔体育场。故选C。 主题02 人与自我——健康、教育、生活方式、心理与个人成长 1．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are in the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your choice of sports might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are resource-hungryz (资源饥渴). Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environment effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you can take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control. Whatever sports you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centres. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free. 1．Which of the following does the author most probably like？ A．Cycling around a lake. B．Driving a car on the street. C．Playing basketball in a gym. D．Swimming in a sports centre. 2．What do you know about golf from Paragraph 2？ A．It is unpopular in Portugal and Spain. B．It causes water shortage around the world. C．It protects the earth from chemicals and waste. D．It needs water and energy to keep its courses green. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in the Paragraph 3 refer to？ A．Resource-hungry sports. B．Outdoors sports. C．Environment-friendly sports. D．Indoors sports. 4．The author writes the passage to__________ . A．show us the function of major sports B．encourage us to go in for green sports C．discuss the major influence of popular sports D．introduce different types of environment-friendly sports 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述运动可以让人保持健康也可以让人们接近大自然。然而不管你是在大山里，还是在草地上运动，都应该注意，人们对运动的选择可能会影响到地球的环境。在文章中作者鼓励人们要多进行环保的、不消耗自然资源的运动，比如竞走。 1．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句话“Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free. (绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行运动。开始成为会员没有特殊要求。最棒的是，它是免费的。)”可知，作者认为我们进行的户外活动应该是绿色环保的，并且是免费的。由此可推知，作者会赞成在湖边骑车。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses  in good condition. (你可能知道，高尔夫不仅消耗了大片农村地区，还消耗了大量的水。此外，各种各样的化学物质和巨大的能量被用来保持其路线处于良好状态。)”可知，高尔夫这项运动不仅侵占了大片的乡村区域，浪费了大量的水，而且需要电去维持它的运转。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“There are many environment-friendly sports.Power walking is one of them that you can take up today. (有许多环保型运动。快走就是你如今可以从事的这类运动之一。)” 可知，这里的“them”指代前文提到的“environment-friendly sports (环保型运动)”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章主要讲述运动可以让人保持健康也可以让人们接近大自然。然而不管你是在大山里，还是在草地上运动，都应该注意，人们对运动的选择可能会影响到地球的环境。在文章中作者鼓励人们要多进行环保的、不消耗自然资源的运动，比如竞走。结合最后一段的“Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free. (绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行运动。开始成为会员没有特殊要求。最棒的是，它是免费的。)”推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁我们要积极参加绿色体育运动。故选B。 2．(24-25高一上·昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期中) By now we all know the importance of drinking enough water throughout the day, but there is such a thing as too much. Earlier this summer, a 35-year-old Indianan woman died from water toxicity (水中毒）after drinking too much water in a short period of time, according to a local news report. While dinking enough water is important, overdoing it can lead to low levels of sodium (钠) in the blood, which can cause danger to our life, according to Julia Zumpano, an expert at Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Human Nutrition. Exactly how much is enough for our body depends on a variety of factors (因素), including our weight, age, location and overall health. People in poor health, or active people such as athletes, are at risk of water toxicity, as they are likely to drink large amounts of water and lose sodium through their sweat. So are women and children because of their smaller body size. While the gold standard has been eight glasses of 8 ounces (盎司) of water a day, the National Academy of Medicine suggests enough water intake be about 125 ounces for men and about 91 ounces for women. And it recommends not drinking more than 48 ounces of water per hour. This includes water from fruits, vegetables and other drinks besides water. If you struggle with getting enough water per day, you can try water bottles to help track your water intake. Eating fruits and vegetables can also increase our water intake. “Most people had better keep drinking water throughout the day, but larger amounts may be needed in the heat for an extended period of time or during exercise. If you are thirsty for water, listen to your body. But don’t overdo it,” says Zumpano. 1．What influence may drinking too much water have on us? A．Becoming fatter. B．Getting older quickly. C．Making us more active. D．Lowering sodium in the blood. 2．Who is most unlikely to suffer from water toxicity? A．An active athlete. B．A small child. C．An unhealthy man. D．A strong man. 3．How much water should we take a day according to the gold standard? A．8 ounces. B．48 ounces. C．64 ounces. D．125 ounces. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．What is the result of water toxicity? B．How much water is too much? C．Why do you find it difficult to drink enough water? D．How often need we remind ourselves to drink water? 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了每天喝足够的水是非常重要的，但过犹不及，并提出了一些科学的喝水建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While drinking enough water is important, overdoing it can lead to low levels of sodium (钠) in the blood, which can cause danger to our life, according to Julia Zumpano, an expert at Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Human Nutrition.(克利夫兰诊所人类营养中心的专家Julia Zumpano说，虽然喝足够的水很重要，但喝得过多会导致血液中的钠含量低，这对我们的生命构成危险)”可知，喝水过多会导致血液中的钠含量低，对我们的生命构成危险。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People in poor health, or active people such as athletes, are at risk of water toxicity, as they are likely to drink large amounts of water and lose sodium through their sweat. So are women and children because of their smaller body size.(健康状况不佳的人或活跃的人，如运动员，有患水中毒的风险，因为他们可能会喝大量的水，并通过汗水流失钠。女性和儿童也是如此，因为他们的体型较小)”可知，身体强壮的人最不可能患水中毒。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While the gold standard has been eight glasses of 8 ounces (盎司) of water a day, the National Academy of Medicine suggests enough water intake be about 125 ounces for men and about 91 ounces for women.(虽然公认的标准是每天喝8杯8盎司的水，但美国国家医学院建议男性每天摄入足够的水分约为125盎司，女性约为91盎司)”可知，根据公认的标准，我们应该每天喝64盎司的水（8杯×8盎司/杯=64盎司）。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“By now we all know the importance of drinking enough water throughout the day, but there is such a thing as too much.(到目前为止，我们都知道整天喝足够的水的重要性，但喝水也有过量的时候)”和最后一段最后一句Zumpano的话“If you are thirsty for water, listen to your body. But don’t overdo it,(如果你口渴了，就听从你身体的需要喝水。但不要喝得太多)”可知，本文主要讲述的是喝水过量的问题。故选B项。 3．(24-25高一上·云南凤庆县第一中学·期中) Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”. Today many people don’t do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. High school isn’t that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school. The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don’t get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activities and help teens have healthy weights. Inactivity increases teens’ risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes towards treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine. According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education. 1．According to paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean? A．Helping teens learn to make good plans. B．Making teens think much of exercise later. C．Removing the stress faced by teens at school. D．Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. 2．What does the underlined word “hindered” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Measured. B．Prevented. C．Shown. D．Caused. 3．According to the PCFSN, doing sports ________. A．helps students do better in their studies B．helps students make good use of all their time C．means students adjust to their environment better D．means making students choose between sports and studies 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How high school students can live a better life. B．How schools can help students love doing sports. C．Why physical education can relieve students’ stress. D．Why high school students should receive physical education. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中生为什么应该接受体育教育。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. (但众所周知，做运动对成年人来说是非常重要的。教育青少年健康生活方式的重要性，制定健身计划，可以帮助青少年在成年后把锻炼放在首位)”可知，高中体育课可以帮助青少年重视以后的锻炼。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions (积极的生活方式是避免这些健康问题的好方法。高达75%的医疗保健支出用于治疗疾病)”及空后“by lifestyle changes (通过生活方式的改变)”可知，积极的生活方式可以避免一些健康问题，故改变生活方式可以阻止疾病。hindered意为“阻碍，妨碍”。A. Measured测量，估量；B. Prevented阻止；C. Shown表明，显示；D. Caused导致。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic performance. (根据总统健身、运动和营养委员会(PCFSN)的数据，每周进行五小时体育活动的学生提高了他们的学习成绩)”可知，做运动意味着帮助学生在学习上做得更好。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”(体育，或者说体育课，并非是所有高中生的必修课。在一些学校，由于种种不同原因甚至都不开设体育课。但是高中生应该上体育课吗？答案当然是“应该”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了高中生为什么应该接受体育教育。故选D。 4．(24-25高一上·云南长水教育集团·期中) Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters. The earthquake of 26 December 2004 led to one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a very big underwater quake and happened in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction (破坏) to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world collect money to help them. The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously although very slowly and has done so for billions of years. This is one reason for earthquakes, when one part of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict (预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line (断层线). However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable. All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth’s history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid impacts (小行星撞击). About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause large destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species (物种). Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth’s species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinosaurs. Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest danger to humans is likely to come from space. 1．What did the Indian Ocean earthquake cause? A．A typhoon. B．A tsunami. C．A hurricane. D．volcanic eruption. 2．What can scientists predict about earthquakes? A．The possible rate. B．The possible damage. C．The possible place. D．The possible time. 3．Where will the most dangerous natural disaster come from according to the author? A．The volcanoes. B．The ocean. C．Outer space. D．Deep under the surface. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How natural disasters happened B．Where natural disasters happen most C．When people should avoid natural disasters D．What kind of natural disasters are most destructive 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自然灾害的形式、发生原因和影响，并强调了小行星撞击是地球历史上最危险的灾难之一，也是对人类最大的威胁。文章通过具体事例和数据说明了自然灾害的破坏性和不可预测性，并呼吁人们关注和防范自然灾害。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The earthquake of 26 December 2004 led to one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a very big underwater quake and happened in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean.(2004年12月26日的地震是人们记忆中最严重的自然灾害之一。这是一次非常大的水下地震，发生在印度洋。这引发了一场席卷印度洋的巨大海啸。)”可知，印度洋地震造成了巨大海啸。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists can predict (预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line (断层线).(科学家们可以预测这可能发生，板块之间的区域被称为断层线。)”可知，科学家能预测地震可能发生的地方。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest danger to humans is likely to come from space.(地球上的灾难似乎很危险，但对人类最大的危险可能来自太空。)”可知，作者认为最危险的自然灾害将来自外部太空。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段中的“This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean.(这引发了一场席卷印度洋的巨大海啸。)”以及第三段中的“This is one reason for earthquakes, when one part of the Earth crashes with another.(当地球的一部分与另一部分相撞时，这就是地震发生的原因之一。)”可知，本文主要讲述了自然灾害的形式、发生原因和影响，由此可推知，“自然灾害是如何发生的”概括了本文的主题，最适合作文章标题。故选A。 5.(24-25高一上·云南昆明禄劝民族中学·期中) Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them. But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships. Could this be true? During your parents’childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other. Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台). In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger. “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To make fun of online friendships. B．To tell about true friends. C．To encourage online friendships. D．To bring up a discussion. 2．What does the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3? A．In advance. B．In person. C．In full measure. D．In no case. 3．What is Katie’s attitude towards online communication? A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是专家们对现在的青少年把更多的时间用于网上交友的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.(13岁的Kaylee有很多朋友，如果算上她的网上朋友，实际上是532个。她花了很多时间和他们在一起)”以及第二段的“But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely?(但是，Kaylee的网络友谊可能会让她感到孤独吗？)”和“However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships.(然而，一些专家担心，许多孩子忙于上网，可能会错过真正的友谊。)”可知，通过介绍Kaylee拥有很多网上的朋友并花大量时间与他们交流的事实，引出了下文对于网络友谊是否可能导致孤独感以及网络社交对青少年真正友谊的影响的讨论，由此可推知，第一段的目的是引出一个讨论话题。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在的句子“During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them (在你父母的童年时期，与朋友建立联系通常意味着与他们共度时光)”以及“Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. (孩子们在桌子旁玩争抢游戏，而不是在电话里玩Words With Friends。)”可知，在父母的童年时代，与朋友交往通常意味着亲自在一起，孩子们围桌游戏，而不是在手机上玩Words With Friends，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“亲自”的意义相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的““There’s obviously a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. (“这显然是一种积极的影响。孩子们可以保持不断的联系，这意味着他们可以彼此分享更多的感受，”《App一代》的合著者Katie Davis说。)”可知，她认为网络交流有积极影响，孩子们可以保持持续的联系，分享更多感受，由此可知，Katie对网上交流的态度是积极的。故选C项。 6.(24-25高一上·昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期中) Previous studies have suggested children who spend their days looking out of the window instead of paying attention may be among the cleverest pupils. The latest study, however, suggests in the long run constantly (持续) daydreaming will leave children struggling to keep up with their peers. Dr Agnieszka Graham, a lecturer in applied developmental psychology at Queen’s University Belfast, said, “In school, often children can get in trouble for mind wandering (神游). It is sometimes viewed as a sign of disrespect or misbehavior if they are not paying attention.” The study, conducted by Queen’s University Belfast, is the first to deal with the impact of so-called “mind wandering” on learning in young children. The researchers played a story about a fictional pharaoh in ancient Egypt to 97 children aged 6-11 and asked them a question every two minutes to check if they were paying attention. The study found that mind wandering had a significant impact on learning, as children who daydreamed the most remembered less about the story. The researchers discovered the children’s minds wandered a quarter of the time, and they could not help it. According to the study, daydreaming during a classroom-style listening activity is not only common but also harmful to memory in children. And because the impact of daydreaming is so clear, teachers should consider how they teach young children to reduce mind wandering. However, the research has found children, like adults, are unable to fully concentrate all the time; it’s likely that their minds will wander several times in a typical school day. The findings show that further exploring the causes and consequences of mind wandering in these early years at school could provide a solid foundation for developing interventions (干预), which will help children find out when their attention drifts away from the present task and refocus their attention. 1．Why did Queen’s University Belfast conduct the study? A．To improve children’s memory. B．To learn a story about ancient Egypt. C．To check children’s attention in class. D．To research the influence of mind wandering. 2．What might the researchers advise teachers to do? A．Help children concentrate. B．Help with further research. C．Reduce their own mind wandering. D．Work harder while teaching the young. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Adults can reduce mind wandering. B．Adults can fully concentrate all the time. C．Children’s mind wandering is not unsolvable. D．Children’s mind wandering can not be intervened. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the findings? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uninterested. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究表明，走神会影响学生在校的学习表现。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study, conducted by Queen’s University Belfast, is the first to deal with the impact of so-called “mind wandering” on learning in young children.(这项由贝尔法斯特女王大学进行的研究首次探讨了所谓的“走神”对幼儿学习的影响。)”可知，贝尔法斯特女王大学进行这项研究是为了探索走神对幼儿学习的影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And because the impact of daydreaming is so clear, teachers should consider how they teach young children to reduce mind wandering.(由于幻想的影响是如此明显，教师应该考虑如何教幼儿减少走神。)”可知，教师应该考虑如何让幼儿学习减少走神，即帮助幼儿学习集中注意力。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The findings show that further exploring the causes and consequences of mind wandering in these early years at school could provide a solid foundation for developing interventions (干预), which will help children find out when their attention drifts away from the present task and refocus their attention.(研究结果表明，进一步探索学龄儿童早期注意力分散的原因和后果，可以为开发干预措施奠定坚实基础，这些干预措施将帮助儿童发现他们的注意力何时从当前任务中转移，并重新集中注意力。)”可推知，儿童的走神问题可以通过干预措施来解决。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The latest study, however, suggests in the long run constantly daydreaming will leave children struggling to keep up with their peers.(然而，最新的研究表明，从长远来看，不断做白日梦会让孩子们难以跟上同龄人的步伐。)”和“In school, often children can get in trouble for mind wandering. It is sometimes viewed as a sign of disrespect or misbehavior if they are not paying attention.(在学校里，孩子们经常会因为走神而遇到麻烦。如果他们不注意，有时会被视为不尊重或不当行为的表现。)”以及第三段中的“According to the study, daydreaming during a classroom-style listening activity is not only common but also harmful to memory in children.(根据这项研究，在课堂式听力活动中做白日梦不仅很常见，而且对儿童的记忆力也有害。)”可知，作者提出了最新研究的观点，其认为走神会影响孩子的学习表现，并讲述了孩子走神时会遭遇的麻烦以及后果，由此可推测出，作者对走神这一问题持消极的态度。故选B。 7.(24-25高一上·云南曲靖第一中学·期中) Good friends and good physical health may be even more closely linked than previously thought, new research has found. Researchers discovered that positive social experiences impact not only a person’s stress level and ability to cope, but also markers of physical health, according to a study published Monday in the journal Society for Personality and Social Psychology. The study followed more than 4,000 people over three weeks as they completed check-ins every three days on their smartphones or smartwatches regarding their positive and negative experiences with their closest social relationships, as well as assessments of their blood pressure, heart rate, stress and coping. Having more positive experiences in social relationships was generally associated with better coping, lower stress and lower blood pressure, according to the study. But having social relationships which bounce between good and bad often can be unhelpful. When there is a lot of volatility, the negative experiences seemed to have a bigger impact on a person than the positive, said lead study author Brian Don of the University of Auckland. Then, how to build good social relationships? Adam Smiley Poswolsky, a workplace belonging expert, suggests starting small. Text a friend that you haven’t talked to in a long time, meet one new person a month, host a dinner party, or join a class. “If you do just one thing, make a list of five people in your life that you care about, and give one of them a phone call,” Poswolsky added. There might not be just one definition of a good friendship, but most strong relationships share some similar qualities, he said. They tend to prioritize laughter, joy, excitement, courage, and non-judgmental support. And good friendships are often two people helping each other become better versions of themselves, he added. “You know someone is a true friend when they have your back when you’re sick, when you lose your job, when you make a mistake, when you’re stressed, when you’re sad,” Poswolsky said. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By doing regular check-ins on devices. B．By following the participants for three days. C．By interviewing the closest friends of participants. D．By monitoring the health conditions of participants. 2．What does the underlined word “volatility” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Pressure. B．Association. C．Changeability. D．Certainty. 3．Which statement will Poswolsky probably agree with? A．Friendship is about being always available. B．Friendship is based on shared interests and hobbies. C．Friendship begins with tiny moments of connection. D．Friendship means always having positive interactions. 4．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A questionnaire survey. B．A personal diary. C．A biology textbook. D．A news report. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是说明文。文章报道了一项研究，揭示了积极社交体验与更好的应对压力、降低血压和生理健康之间的联系。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study followed more than 4,000 people over three weeks as they completed check-ins every three days on their smartphones or smartwatches regarding their positive and negative experiences with their closest social relationships, as well as assessments of their blood pressure, heart rate, stress and coping. (这项研究在三周内跟踪了4000多人，他们每三天在智能手机或智能手表上完成一次签到，了解他们与最亲密的社会关系的积极和消极经历，以及对他们的血压、心率、压力和应对能力的评估。)”可知，研究是通过参与者每三天在他们的智能手机或智能手表上完成签到来进行的，即这项研究是通过在设备上定期签到进行的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But having social relationships which bounce between good and bad often can be unhelpful. When there is a lot of volatility, the negative experiences seemed to have a bigger impact on a person than the positive, said lead study author Brian Don of the University of Auckland. (但是，在好与坏之间摇摆的社会关系往往是无益的。奥克兰大学的主要研究作者布莱恩·唐说，当volatility很大时，负面经历似乎比正面经历对一个人的影响更大。)”可知，这里指有的社会关系会在好与坏之间摇摆，所以volatility的意思是“波动”，和选项C“变动性”意思一致。故选C。 3．细节推理题。根据第四段“Then, how to build good social relationships? Adam Smiley Poswolsky, a workplace belonging expert, suggests starting small. Text a friend that you haven’t talked to in a long time, meet one new person a month, host a dinner party, or join a class. “If you do just one thing, make a list of five people in your life that you care about, and give one of them a phone call,” Poswolsky added. (那么，如何建立良好的社会关系呢？职场归属感专家Adam Smiley Poswolsky建议从小处着手。给一个你很久没说话的朋友发短信，每月认识一个新朋友，举办一个晚宴，或者参加一个班。Poswolsky补充道：“如果你只做一件事，列出你生活中关心的五个人，给其中一个人打个电话。”)”可知，Poswolsky建议从小事开始，从小的连接时刻开始。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Good friends and good physical health may be even more closely linked than previously thought, new research has found. Researchers discovered that positive social experiences impact not only a person’s stress level and ability to cope, but also markers of physical health, according to a study published Monday in the journal Society for Personality and Social Psychology. (新的研究发现，好朋友和良好的身体健康可能比以前认为的更紧密地联系在一起。周一发表在《人格与社会心理学学会》杂志上的一项研究表明，研究人员发现，积极的社会经历不仅会影响一个人的压力水平和应对能力，还会影响身体健康的标志。)”可知，这篇文章是一篇新闻报道，它介绍了一项新的研究。故选D。 8.(24-25高一上·云南师范大学附属中学·期中) The cognitive (认知的) benefits of exercise have been well-documented in studies for years, but a recent study suggests that grandfathers who improve their cognitive health through workout can pass down those benefits to their future generations. The research, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, was built on past findings that cognitive improvements resulting from physical exercise can be passed on from parents to their children. The next step for scientists was to see if the same phenomenon (现象) can be observed in offspring two generations. “We set out to explore whether these improvements might go transgenerationally, influencing grandchildren,” the researchers wrote in the study. To do this, the team examined the behavior of some male mice whose grandfathers exercised, as opposed to a control group that remained sedentary. The researchers discovered that the cognitive improvements that the grandfathers received from working out were similarly seen in their grandsons. “Our findings suggested that mice with physically active grandfathers showed obviously improved memory recall, including both spatial (空间的) and non-spatial information when compared to their counterparts from sedentary grandfathers.” “This,” they said, “proves for the first time the transgenerational inheritance (遗传) of cognitive improvements caused by physical exercise.” More research needs to be done into this phenomenon, at the very least to include female mice rather than focusing on males and their grandsons to determine if these cognitive benefits can similarly be passed down from grandmothers to granddaughters. Eventually, studies involving human test subjects might be able to prove these findings for people as well as animals. 1．What did the research focus on? A．Mental benefits of exercise across generations. B．How to improve cognitive ability through workout. C．Advantages got from exercising regularly with grandparents. D．Whether cognitive benefits of sport can be inherited by the third generation. 2．What does the underlined word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Inactive. B．Restless. C．Frightened. D．Sleepy. 3．How was the research carried out? A．By giving examples. B．By answering questions. C．By comparing different groups. D．By studying the former research. 4．In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text? A．Lifestyle. B．Science. C．Adventure. D．Society. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了最近一项研究表明，体育锻炼带来的认知改善可以由祖父辈传至孙辈。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The research, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, was built on past findings that cognitive improvements resulting from physical exercise can be passed on from parents to their children. The next step for scientists was to see if the same phenomenon ( 现象 ) can be observed in offspring two generations.(这项发表在《神经科学杂志》上的研究是基于过去关于身体锻炼能够带来认知改善的研究成果，而这些改善可以由父母传递给子女。科学家们下一步要观察的是，两代之后的后代是否也会出现同样的现象)”可知，研究的重点是运动的认知改善是否可以遗传给第三代。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句“To do this, the team examined the behavior of some male mice whose grandfathers exercised, as opposed to a control group(为了做到这一点，研究小组检查了一些雄性老鼠的行为，这些老鼠的祖父进行了锻炼，而对照组则相反)”可知，为此，该团队观察了一些雄性老鼠的行为，它们的祖父会进行锻炼，此句中“as opposed to”意为“与……对照”，表示与前面情况相反，划线处和A项：Inactive (不活动的，不活跃的)含义相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“To do this, the team examined the behavior of some male mice whose grandfathers exercised, as opposed to a control group that remained sedentary. (为为了做到这一点，研究小组检查了一些雄性老鼠的行为，这些老鼠的祖父进行了锻炼，而对照组则相反)”可知，研究方法为通过比较两组实验对象得出结论，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The cognitive (认知的) benefits of exercise have been well-documented in studies for years, but a recent study suggests that grandfathers who improve their cognitive health through workout can pass down those benefits to their future generations.(多年来，研究已经充分证明了运动对认知能力的益处，但最近的一项研究表明，通过锻炼改善认知健康的祖父们可以将这些益处传递给他们的后代)”可知，本文介绍了一项关于体育锻炼带来的认知改善的跨代遗传的研究，很有可能出自一本杂志的科学板块，故选B。 9.(24-25高一上·云南曲靖第一中学·期中) It will come as no comfort to a child shivering (打哆嗦) on a playing field on a cold winter’s day. But regular organized school sport helps children in their academic studies in years to come. The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t. The Canadian study looked at children aged six and then ten. Professor Linda Pagani said, “We worked with information provided by parents and teachers to compare kindergarteners’ activities with their classroom activities as they grew up. By the time they reached the fourth grade, kids who played structured sports were clearly better at following instructions and remaining focused in the classroom. There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities.” Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had. Professor Pagani said, “We found children who had better behavior in the kindergarten class were more likely to be involved in sport by age ten. Nevertheless, we found those children who were specifically involved in team sports at kindergarten scored higher by the time they reached the fourth grade.” The researchers believe sporting activities and attention skills go hand in hand. Professor Pagani added, “The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools.” 1．What kinds of children may do better in their academic study according to paragraph one? A．Those who join in structured activities. B．Those who don’t shiver on a cold winter’s day. C．Those who don’t like school sports. D．Those who take part in game lessons. 2．What are kids more likely to do in the sporting environment? A．Understand each other better. B．Follow the rules. C．Respect the teachers. D．Give up. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．How scientists carried out the research. B．Why parents were interviewed by phone. C．How kids behaved at home or at school. D．How many sports kids did at school. 4．What can we infer from Prof. Pagani’s words in the last paragraph? A．The research will be of great benefit. B．It’s necessary for children go to kindergartens. C．Childhood obesity rates can lead to low attainment. D．Team sports will be reduced at kindergartens. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的一项研究发现，比那些没有参与体育运动的儿童相比，参与体育运动的儿童在学习能力上表现更好，参与体育活动有助于他们集中注意力，了解尊重规则、履行责任的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t. (研究人员说，其他“有组织的”活动，如音乐或宗教活动，对注意力的帮助不如参加游戏课。即使在10岁时，学业能力的差异也很明显，那些从初中开始就参加体育运动的人比那些没有参加体育运动的人表现得更好。)”可知，那些参加游戏课的孩子在学业上可能会做得更好。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities. (体育环境中有一些特殊的东西——也许是属于一个团队，一个有共同目标的特殊群体的感觉——这似乎有助于孩子们理解尊重规则和履行责任的重要性。)”可知，在运动环境中孩子们更有可能学会遵守规则。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had. (研究人员开始对2694名6岁左右的加拿大儿童进行研究，让老师填写关于他们在学校行为的调查问卷。与此同时，通过电话或亲自采访孩子的父母，了解他们的家庭生活。四年后，为了测试这种行为有什么影响，实验又进行了一次。)”可知，本段主要介绍了科学家是如何进行这项研究的，主要包括研究对象、研究方法和研究时间。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Pagani教授所说的话“The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools. (对于那些希望降低儿童肥胖率和成绩不好的学校来说，研究结果应该是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，Pagani教授认为这项研究的结果可以帮助学校解决儿童肥胖率和成绩不好的问题。由此可知，这项研究将大有裨益。故选A项。 10.(23-24高一上·云南昭通昭阳区第一中学·期中) There’s more evidence that what’s good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity (中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes. “Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better,” said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it’s not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology. The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI (核磁共振). Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on. “We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower memory decline (下降) than inactive people when comparing the results,” the study team wrote. Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function. 1．What does the underlined phrase refer to? A．People with a range of diseases. B．People without health insurance. C．People with high levels of intelligence. D．People with no or irregular physical activity. 2．What can we know from the study? A．Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger. B．Low-intensity group scored higher grades on the tests. C．Exercise can protect people from getting old and puzzled. D．Moderate intensity exercise can prevent memory from losing. 3．Which of the following is included in moderate intensity sports? A．Bowling. B．Reading. C．Walking. D．Swimming. 4．Who might delay memory aging? A．Those whose family never suffer from any diseases. B．Those who are good at many higher thinking skills. C．Those who regular exercise and have a healthy diet. D．Those who possess a high sense of responsibility. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一项新研究：进行适度强度的运动（如跑步、游泳等）的人的大脑平均看起来比长期不运动者年轻10岁。这项研究表明，对老年人来说，进行中等强度的运动有助于保护他们的大脑，帮助他们保持大脑的良好工作状态。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity (中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger (一项新的研究表明，跑步、游泳或做其他中等强度运动的人的大脑看起来平均年轻10岁……)”可知，此处指出中等强度运动的人大脑看起来要更年轻，相比于那些不运动的人。由此可知，划线词与D选项“People with no or irregular physical activity.(没有或不规律运动的人)”意思接近，即中等强度运动的人大脑看起来比那些没有或不规律运动的人更年轻。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity (中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.(一项新的研究表明，跑步、游泳或做其他中等强度运动的人的大脑看起来比没有或不规律运动的人大脑平均年轻10岁)”可推知，研究发现中等强度的运动能让你的大脑保持年轻。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology.(赖特的研究小组在《神经学》杂志上报告说，散步、高尔夫球、保龄球和瑜伽不算在内，人们需要在开始出现记忆力减退之前开始锻炼)”可知，对于中等运动来说，散步、高尔夫球、保龄球和瑜伽不算在内。由此可知，D选项“Swimming(游泳)”应该归属于中等运动。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function.(这一发现与一项研究相吻合，该研究发现，两年的锻炼、健康饮食和大脑训练可以促进人们的记忆功能)”可知，那些经常锻炼和健康饮食的人可能会延缓记忆老化。故选C。 11.(23-24高一上·云南昭通昭阳区第一中学·期中) Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.” So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.” This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself! 1．What makes children lose touch with nature? A．Playing hide and seek. B．Going on adventures in parks. C．Building dens frequently. D．Being addicted to a screen. 2．In Andy Simpson’s opinion, who should be persuaded to see the effect of wild time? A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Children. D．Experts. 3．What might David probably agree? A．What modern children need is spiritual satisfaction. B．Children always take it for granted to play outside. C．Children need more time to get close to nature. D．Parents should make larger rooms for kids to study. 4．What can be inferred from this passage? A．People at any age can enjoy wild time. B．Watching TV is a good way to learn about nature. C．Everyone lives in a high-pressure world. D．Adults all desire to go back to childhood. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国有400多个组织呼吁孩子们花费一些时间在户外玩耍，孩子们需要家长的引导和支持，需要更多的时间与大自然接触，以促进他们的发展、独立性和创造力。作者呼吁人们回归到往日的童年时光，去探索大自然的乐趣。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature.(如今，孩子们接触新鲜空气的时间越来越少了。他们中的许多人沉迷于电脑或电视屏幕——他们似乎生活在一个虚拟的世界里。他们与大自然失去了联系。)”可知，孩子们之所以接触自然的时间越来越少，是因为很多孩子沉迷于电脑或者电视屏幕。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.”(国家卫生服务机构的Andy Simpson说：“我们希望家长们尝试一下这种神奇的户外活动对孩子的发展、独立性和创造力能带来的好处。”)”可知，Andy Simpson呼吁父母能够看到神奇的户外活动对孩子的发展、独立性和创造力能带来的好处。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.”(来自“野性计划”的David Bond说：“我们需要在孩子们的日常生活中为狂野留出更多的空间，让这一代孩子有机会体验我们许多人认为理所当然的事情。”)”可知，David Bond认为孩子们需要更多的时间去亲近大自然。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself!(这对你来说可能听起来有点过时，或者像我一样，这让你想到穿上靴子，到户外去，重温童年。享受生活没有年龄限制！)”可知，到户外去，重温童年，享受生活没有年龄限制即任何年龄的人都可以享受狂野的时光。故选A。 12.(23-24高一上·云南下关第一中学·期中) “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” But now scientists have given us another warning: too much play with smart phones or computers makes you dull too. “Many focus on the benefits of digital devices （设备） in education but ignore the costs,”said Patricia Greenfield from the University of California, “losing the ability to understand the emotions of other people is one of the costs.”Greenfield and her research team did an experiment. They worked with 105 children who spent about 4.5 hours in front of screens on a school day. The students were asked to describe the emotions towards the pictures of people who were happy, sad, angry, or scared. Then, half of them attended a five-day nature and science camp. There they had no smart phones, TV, or computers. The other half stayed in school and spent the five days as usual. Five days later, all the children took the test again. Students who had been to the camp got about 5 percent more answers correct than they had done before the camp. But the other group of students didn’t show much improvement. The study is not perfect in some ways, said the researchers. But scientists say that the study is still a warning for us. “Emotional skills develop in practice and the brain develops through real interaction,” said Professor Taylor, a professor at the University of San Francisco. Researchers talked to 2,000 parents of children aged 2-16 in the UK about what activities their children could do confidently. The results were shocking: Their children could use a tablet （平板电脑） (59%) and work a mobile phone (57%) more confidently than they could tie their shoelaces （鞋带） (53%)! So, spend more time away from mobile phones and computers if you want to be an understanding friend, and not a member of what the Daily Mail called “Generation Helpless”. 1．What is a problem of using digital media in education according to Professor Greenfield? A．Having bad relationships with family members. B．Failing to focus on their schoolwork. C．Being addicted to online games. D．Being unable to understand others’ emotions. 2．How do scientists like the results of Greenfield’s experiment? A．They are alarming. B．They are far from perfect. C．They still need to be improved. D．They are quite reasonable. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Students learned how to express emotions in the experiment. B．Students attending the camp did much better in their studies. C．Too much play with digital devices caused some concerns. D．More than half of the children in the UK couldn’t tie their shoelaces. 4．What is the author’s advice for readers at the end of the text? A．To use your smart phones and computers less. B．To learn to tie your shoelaces confidently. C．To learn to be an understanding friend. D．To make more friends through your smart phones. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了一项关于人们长期接触电子产品造成的影响的研究结果：长期接触电子产品会让人缺失一些情感因素并且降低对他人情绪的理解能力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Many focus on the benefits of digital devices in education but ignore the costs,’ said Patricia Greenfield from the University of California,“losing the ability to understand the emotions of other people is one of the costs.”(加州大学的Patricia Greenfield说：许多人只关注数字设备在教育中的好处，却忽略了其代价。失去理解他人情绪的能力是代价之一。)”，Patricia Greenfield教授认为，在教育中使用数字媒体带来的一个问题是无法理解他人的情绪，故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study is not perfect in some ways, said the researchers. But scientists say that the study is still a warning for us.(研究人员说，从某些方面上来说这项研究并不完美，但是科学家说这项研究仍然是对我们的一个警告。)”，科学家们对Patricia Greenfield的实验结果感到担心，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“But now scientists have given us another warning: too much play with smart phones or computers makes you dull too.(但是现在科学家们还给了我们另一个警告：过度玩智能手机或电脑也会让你变傻。)”及最后一段的“The results were shocking.(结果令人震惊。)”可知，过多地使用数字设备引发了一些担忧，故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So, spend more time away from mobile phones and computers if you want to be an understanding friend，and not a member of what the Daily Mail called ‘Generation Helpless’.(所以，如果你想成为一个善解人意的朋友，而不是《每日邮报》所说的无助的一代，那就远离手机和电脑吧。)”可知，作者建议少使用手机和电脑，故选A项。 13.(23-24高一上·云南昆明第八中学·期中) There’s no denying that learning a foreign language is difficult, and when it comes to speaking the language, it can be extremely tough. I remember walking into my first-ever Spanish class at university only to discover that half of my classmates were already fluent in many languages. It’s safe to say I felt out of my depth! At first the thought of speaking Spanish terrified me; not only were my vocabulary and grammar very limited, but I had never spoken another language before. However, I was determined to overcome my fear, and by adopting a few simple method T have b to build my confidence and make progress. In fact, it was not as terrible as I thought. Here, I think I will share a few tips with you. Firstly, it is OK to make mistakes for language learners and that you should accept them. This sounds obvious, but when it comes to language learning we often aim for perfection d feel as though we are not ready to speak until we have “enough” words or grammatical knowledge. The truth is that you will never feel ready, and instead it is important to use the knowledge to communicate what you can. This leads on to my next tip: don’t compare yourself to others. This can be a hard one, especially if you are in a large language class. It is important to remember that we all learn At different speeds and through different styles of learning. Something that really helped me progress/was finding a patient language exchange partner. Finding someone whose level of English was similar to my level of Spanish to practice with made me feel much more confident Lastly, celebrate the small success and remember how far you have come! Instead of focusing on how far you have to go, focus on the progress you have already made and be proud of your achievements! 1．What does the underlined part suggest in the passage? A．The author took great pride in his classmates. B．The author was unable to speak many languages. C．The author wanted to leave university immediately. D．The author failed to join in his classmates’ conversation. 2．What is the common barrier for language learners? A．They can’t use the language in right situations. B．They fail to have a good command of grammar. C．They can’t help comparing themselves to others. D．They have a lack of courage to speak the language. 3．What’s the best way to learn Spanish in the author’s opinion? A．Find a partner whose Spanish is excellent. B．Set long-term goals to improve interest. C．Learn from an example and pick out weak points. D．Choose a language exchange partner at the same level. 4．What does the author want to tell in the passage? A．Learning new languages is not so hard. B．Mastering Spanish is a chance in a million. C．Confidence is the key to speaking a language. D．Don’t ignore what you have achieved in learning. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.85 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文对如何说好一种语言提出了一些建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember walking into my first-ever Spanish class at university only to discover that half of my classmates were already fluent in many languages.(我记得在大学里第一次走进西班牙语课堂时，我发现有一半的同学已经能流利地讲多种语言了。) ”和第二段“At first the thought of speaking Spanish terrified me; not only were my vocabulary and grammar very limited, but I had never spoken another language before.(起初，一想到要说西班牙语，我就害怕；我不仅词汇量和语法非常有限，而且以前从未说过其他语言。)”可知，作者不会说多种语言。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Firstly, it is OK to make mistakes for language learners and that you should accept them.(首先，对于语言学习者来说犯错是可以的，你应该接受错误。) ”和第四段“don’t compare yourself to others.(不要拿自己和别人比较。) ”可知，人们害怕犯错误，总是拿自己和别人比较，从而导致缺乏说这种语言的勇气。所以，语言学习者的共同障碍是他们缺乏说这种语言的勇气。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Something that really helped me progress was finding a patient language exchange partner. Finding someone whose level of English was similar to my level of Spanish to practice with made me feel much more confident.(真正帮助我进步的是找到一个耐心的语言交换伙伴。找一个英语水平和我西班牙语水平差不多的人一起练习，让我感觉更加自信。)”可知，在作者看来，学习西班牙语最好的方法是选择一个水平相同的语言交换伙伴。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, I was determined to overcome my fear, and by adopting a few simple methods I have been able to build my confidence and make progress. In fact,it was not as terrible as I thought.(然而，我决心克服我的恐惧，通过采取一些简单的方法，我已经能够建立我的信心，取得进步。事实上，它没有我想的那么可怕)”可知，作者想在这篇文章中告诉我们学习一门新的语言并没有那么难。故选A。 主题03 人与自然——环境、生态、可持续发展 1.(23-24高一上·云南昭通云天化中学教研联盟·期中) Trees are one of the oldest “citizens (公民)” of our Earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noise pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials. Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near Most young trees have large, deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy. When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. Afterwards, they grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a real adult. The tree reaches its largest size. The adult tree gives us shade, oxygen and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to read a book, listen to music and so on. If we give the adult tree proper care, it will go on to live healthily for many years. Gradually, trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it becomes dead, it provides a home to small animals and is a source of food for many other animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is like our own life experience. When we are looking at the life of a tree, we  learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. So, let’s enjoy every minute of our life and take care of it like planting a tree! 1．When the trees are very young, some of them grow thorns to ______. A．catch enough sunlight B．protect themselves C．become more beautiful D．produce food and energy. 2．Which of the following statements is true about the growth of a tree? A．The tree produces flowers and fruit before the age of 15. B．The tree becomes a young adult when it is 20 to 25 years old. C．When part of a tree becomes dead, it still plays an important role in nature. D．The young adult tree is a good place for a tree house and for us to read a book, 3．Why should we enjoy every minute of our life according to the last paragraph? A．Because our life is becoming better and better. B．Because trees give us so much and make our world beautiful. C．Because the life of a tree is similar to our own life experience. D．Because each period of life brings its own form of pleasure and challenge. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The growth and life of trees. B．Different kinds of Trees. C．The mystery of a tree. D．The advantages trees can bring us. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是树木从小到大的生长过程以及对人类的贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At 1 to 3 years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near. (在1到3岁的时候，幼树学会了如何保护自己。例如，许多树木长满荆棘以警告动物不要靠近。)”可知，很多树长刺是为了保护自己。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it becomes dead, it provides a home to small animals and is a source of food for many other animals. (当一棵树变成空心的或其中的一部分死亡时，它就为小动物提供了一个家，也是许多其他动物的食物来源。)”可知，虽然树的一部分死亡了，但仍然可以起到给小动物提供家和食物来源的作用。这句话是对上一句“At this time, they still have their important place in nature. (在这个时候，它们在自然界中仍然有着重要的地位。)”的具体阐述。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“When we are looking at the life of a tree, we I earn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. (当我们观察一棵树的生命时，我们了解到生命的每个阶段，都会带来各自的欢乐和挑战。)”可知，我们应该享受生命中的每一分钟，是因为我们人类生命的每个阶段就像树的每个生命阶段一样，会带来各自的欢乐和挑战。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。从文章主体部分各个段落“At 1 to 3 years old ”、“When trees are 4 years old ”、“until the tree is 20 to 25 years old ”这些表示时间的短语和句子可知，这篇文章主要以时间顺序讲述了树木从小到大的生长过程，即树的一生。故选A。 2．(23-24高一上·云南腾冲·期中) Many ocean birds fly long distances to avoid severe storms. But not the streaked shearwaters (条纹鹱) ! A new study led by Professor Ken Yoda of Japan’s Nagoya University states that the brave seabirds often fly right into the eye of the storm to survive. This strange behavior — not reported in any other bird species—might help streaked shearwaters survive strong storms. The scientists analyzed 11 years of data collected from GPS trackers attached to the wings of 401 shearwaters nesting on Japan’s Awashima Island. By combining this information with data on wind speeds during typhoons, scientists discovered that shearwaters that were caught out in the open ocean when a storm blew in would ride tailwinds (顺风) around the edges of the storm. However, others that found themselves sandwiched between land and the eye of a strong hurricane would sometimes change their usual flight patterns and head toward the center of the storm. Scientists found that 75 birds chose to fly during ten typhoons or tropical storms. Some even chased the storm’s eye for up to 8 hours! The researchers say shearwaters can survive fierce storms. The strong winds over water enable the birds to glide (滑翔) for long distances without flapping their wings too much, saving energy. While skilled in flight, shearwaters are clumsy on land. The birds have a hard time taking off, leaving them at risk of predators like crows and cats. These may explain why some shearwaters prefer flying into the storm to survive. But to do that, the birds need to know where the land is so they can avoid it. The adult shearwaters seem to have developed a mental map to guide them in the right direction. While this is the first time this behavior has been spotted in any bird species, flying with the winds could be a common strategy for preserving energy during hurricanes, says Andrew Farnsworth, an ornithologist at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. “It might be contrary to common sense,” he says. “But from the perspective of bird behavior, it makes a lot of sense.” 1．What is the new study about? A．The methods of saving rare bird species. B．The flying distance of streaked shearwaters. C．The impact of extreme weather on seabirds. D．The behavior of streaked shearwaters surviving storms. 2．When shearwaters find themselves in between land and the storm’s eye, they would ________. A．fly to the center of the storm B．find rock cracks and holes as shelters C．try their best to fly far away from the storm D．ride tailwinds around the edges of the storm 3．In paragraph 3, the author aims to ________. A．propose a theory B．explain a fact C．make a prediction D．present an example 4．What is Andrew Farnsworth’s attitude to the new study? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Disapproving. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于条纹鹱的研究，这种海鸟经常直接飞进风暴中心以生存。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many ocean birds fly long distances to avoid severe storms. But not the streaked shearwaters (条纹鹱) ! A new study led by Professor Ken Yoda of Japan’s Nagoya University states that the brave seabirds often fly right into the eye of the storm to survive. This strange behavior — not reported in any other bird species—might help streaked shearwaters survive strong storms. (许多海鸟长途飞行以躲避暴风雨。但是斑纹的条纹鹱却不是！由日本名古屋大学的肯·尤达教授领导的一项新研究表明，这种勇敢的海鸟经常直接飞进风暴中心以生存。这种奇怪的行为——在任何其他鸟类中都没有报道过——可能有助于条纹鹱在强风暴中生存.)”可知，这项新研究是关于条纹鹱在暴风雨中生存的行为。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“By combining this information with data on wind speeds during typhoons, scientists discovered that shearwaters that were caught out in the open ocean when a storm blew in would ride tailwinds (顺风) around the edges of the storm. (通过将这些信息与台风期间的风速数据相结合，科学家们发现，当风暴袭来时，在公海上被捕获的条纹鹱会在风暴边缘附近顺风而行。)”可知，当条纹鹱发现自己处于陆地和风暴眼之间时，它们会在风暴边缘顺风而行。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers say shearwaters can survive fierce storms. The strong winds over water enable the birds to glide (滑翔) for long distances without flapping their wings too much, saving energy. While skilled in flight, shearwaters are clumsy on land. The birds have a hard time taking off, leaving them at risk of predators like crows and cats. These may explain why some shearwaters prefer flying into the storm to survive. But to do that, the birds need to know where the land is so they can avoid it. The adult shearwaters seem to have developed a mental map to guide them in the right direction. (研究人员表示，条纹鹱可以在猛烈的风暴中生存。海面上的强风使这些鸟能够滑翔很长的距离，而不需要过多地拍打翅膀，从而节省了能量。虽然条纹鹱擅长飞行，但在陆地上却很笨拙。这些鸟很难起飞，使它们面临乌鸦和猫等捕食者的风险。这也许可以解释为什么一些海鸥宁愿飞到风暴中生存。但要做到这一点，鸟类需要知道陆地在哪里，这样它们才能避开陆地。成年shearwater似乎已经形成了一幅心理地图来指引它们朝正确的方向前进。)”可推知，在第3段中，作者旨在解释一个事实。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““It might be contrary to common sense,” he says. “But from the perspective of bird behavior, it makes a lot of sense.” (他说：“这可能与常识相悖。但从鸟类行为的角度来看，这很有意义。”)”可推知，安德鲁·法恩斯沃思对这项新研究的态度是支持的。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 以下汇编的阅读理解C篇按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会——旅游、历史与文化遗产、社会活动、文化交流、公共服务与设施 1.共享健身房｜难度0.85 推动健身资源共享。 2.可穿戴设备｜难度0.85 帮助用户导航，适用于听障人士等群体。 3.城市排名｜难度0.65 巴黎居首，欧洲城市占主导，香港年增长率最高。 4.口罩文化差异｜难度0.65 反映习惯与环境的影响。 5.世界杯体育场｜难度0.65 环保节能。 主题02 人与自我——健康、教育、生活方式、心理与个人成长 1.环保运动｜难度0.85 某些运动（如高尔夫）耗资源，建议选择环保型运动如竞走。 2.科学饮水｜难度0.65 饮水过量可能导致水中毒，需根据个人情况科学饮水。 3.体育教育重要性｜难度0.65 体育课有助于学生身心健康、压力缓解和学业提升。 4.自然灾害｜难度0.65 自然灾害类型及影响，小行星撞击是地球最大威胁之一。 5.网络友谊｜难度0.65 探讨网络社交对真实友谊的影响，专家认为适度使用有益。 6.走神对学习的影响｜难度0.65 研究发现课堂走神会降低记忆力和学习效果，需干预改善。 7.友谊与健康｜难度0.65 积极社交关系有助于降低压力、改善健康，需维护良好友谊。 8.运动与认知遗传｜难度0.65 研究发现运动带来的认知改善可能跨代遗传。 9.运动与学业｜难度0.65 参加体育活动有助于提高学生注意力和学业表现。 10.运动与大脑健康｜难度0.65 中等强度运动可使大脑更年轻，延缓记忆衰退。 11.儿童与自然｜难度0.65 呼吁儿童减少屏幕时间，多参与户外活动，接触自然。 12.数字设备对情感理解的影响｜难度0.65 过度使用电子设备可能降低理解他人情绪的能力。 13.语言学习建议｜难度0.85 需克服恐惧、接受错误、不与他人比较，并庆祝小进步。 主题03 人与自然——环境、生态、可持续发展 1.绿色旅行｜难度0.65 分析绿色旅行的现状、挑战与趋势，反对“漂绿”行为。 2.树木的生命周期｜难度0.65 介绍树木从幼年到老年的生长过程及其对自然和人类的贡献。 3.海鸟应对风暴｜难度0.65 研究发现条纹鹱会飞入风暴中心以节省能量、避免天敌。 主题01 人与社会——旅游、历史与文化遗产、社会活动、文化交流、公共服务与设施 1．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started to focus on the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for only a person to use at a time, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-meter room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code for use. A refundable deposit (保证金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally nascent. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Center published a report which predicts that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 1．What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A．Holding one person at a time. B．Standing in the living communities. C．Offering open spaces. D．Having all advanced equipment. 2．What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A．Pay 100 yuan first. B．Let down curtains for privacy. C．Take a shower before exercise. D．Book a room ahead of time. 3．What does the underlined word “nascent” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Simple. B．Popular. C．Satisfying. D．New. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To advertise a technology company. B．To introduce shared gym rooms. C．To support the shared gym rooms. D．To predict the future of shared gym rooms. 2．(24-25高一上·昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期中) Scientists at Rice University in Houston, Texas have developed a wearable tool that “hits” users’ wrists (腕关节) with pressurized air, silently guiding them to their finishing point. The study, put out on August 29 in the magazine Device, showed that users could correctly read which direction the tool was telling them to go since the wearable uses air instead of electronics, it can be built lighter than present designs. The wearables may benefit people with hearing loss, and experts such as doctors, pilots, and soldiers who are crowded with signs and sounds. But while tools that produce signs or sounds are prevalent in everyday life, tools that use touch-based signs are still uncommon. To get over this difficulty, the Rice University researchers developed a light, comfortable wearable tool from fabric (织物) materials that can be worn on a user’s arm. The team tested the tool by measuring forces applied to the user as a function of pressure and the shape of the wearable. “Every person has a differently shaped arm, a different feeling of what ‘feels good’ in terms of the forces applied and the timing of the forces, and different abilities in responding to the type of touch-based signs we sent,” said Barclay Jumet, the lead author of the study. “Fortunately, our fabric-based wearable tool is easily tailorable and adjustable (可调节的) to a series of body types and sizes.” After testing the performance of the touch-based wearable tool in a lab-based study, the researchers set out to see how well these tools could guide users in a real-world situation. “We were amazed that the user was able to find his way around the streets of Houston and later follow 50 meters long on an open field with 100% exactness in receiving and reading touch-based signs,” said Daniel Preston, the co-author of the study, “Further development will seek to improve the ability to pass on even more difficult signs that are easily and naturally noticed by the user,” said Preston. 1．Why are the wearable tools lighter? A．The wrist requires lighter tools. B．They can be worn on a user’s arm. C．They use air to “hit” users’ wrists. D．The materials to make them are light. 2．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Powerful. B．Advanced. C．Confusing. D．Common. 3．How can the problem of different body types and sizes be solved? A．By carrying out more studies. B．By developing high-quality fabric. C．By tailoring and adjusting the tool. D．By sending exact touch-based signs. 4．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The cause of testing the tool in real life. B．The test of the tool’s real-life performance. C．The design of the touch-based wearable tool. D．The necessity of stepping from the lab to the real world. 3．(24-25高一上·云南曲靖民族中学·期中) The Top 100 City Destinations (目的地) Index 2023, produced by company Lighthouse, looked at leading cities from around the world and ranked (排名) them on standards including tourism, sustainability (可持续性), economic performance and health and safety. Paris has once again been named the world’s most attractive city destination. Europe took the lead, with seven out of the top 10 cities and 63 countries in the top 100. The only non-European cities in the top 10 were Dubai at No.2, Tokyo at No.4 and New York at No.8. Madrid came third, while Amsterdam, Berlin and Rome were at Nos.5, 6 and 7 respectively. Barcelona and then London rounded out the top 10. Asia did well in the top 20 as Singapore (11). Seoul (14). Osaka (16) and Hong Kong (17) all made the list. According to the report, the secret of Europe’s success is “fast-paced urbanization (城市化) and widespread technology adoption”. Travellers now focus on high-speed Internet, flexible booking choices and spaces for teleworking. The report said, “Improving sustainability, transportation networks and social influence are some of the key goals cities are achieving today to increase competitiveness, improve their tourism offer and deliver a perfect customer journey.” Istanbul topped the list for the number of international arrivals in 2023, followed by London and then Dubai. The cities with the biggest year-on-year growth were Hong Kong (2, 495%) and Bangkok (142%). However, growing visitor numbers can be a mixed blessing, with bad influence on the local communities and the environment. Nadejda Popova, a manager at Euromonitor International, discussed in a report the ways cities are facing up to the challenge of overtourism. 1．Which is the most attractive city in 2023 according to the report? A．Dubai. B．New York. C．Paris. D．Berlin. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The influence of European cities. B．Advantages of big cities. C．The secret of tourism development. D．Advice for young travellers. 3．Which city topped the list for year-on-year growth in 2023? A．Istanbul. B．Hong Kong. C．Bangkok. D．London. 4．What does the underlined word “blessing” in the last paragraph mean? A．System. B．Story. C．Feeling. D．Favour. 4．(23-24高一上·云南昆明上海师范大学附属官渡实验中学·期中) Three years ago, I made a journey from New York to London, with my daughter to see my mother. To my relief, the travel was far easier than I expected: the airports were empty, the plane was half-full and the airline staff kindly provided food and wine, which I drank greedily with a straw (吸管) while wearing the required face mask. What I did not expect was to be hit with a culture shock on arrival in London. In New York, face masks are now an inseparable (不可分离的) part of life. Street signs declare “OUTSIDE WITH NO MASK? FORGET ABOUT IT!” Buildings carry more polite notices warning that anyone without a mask is banned (禁止). And even without them, almost everyone I see on the streets in my corner of Manhattan has their face covered. Strangers sometimes shout angrily at people who do not. Indeed, there is such a strong sense of social pressure that in recent months I have worn a mask even when cycling alone, along Manhattan’s East river. And my daughter has taken to shopping online for “fashion masks”. But not so in London. A new report issued by the Royal Society and the British Academy shows that, at the end of April, just 25 percent of Brits wore face masks in public places compared with 66 percent of Americans. We saw this for ourselves: in London, we appeared to be almost the only people wearing masks on the streets or in shops; even on public transport some seem to reject (拒绝) them. Simon Roberts explains powerfully in a timely new book the Power of not Thinking. Habits matter deeply, but we hardly notice them — unless we travel. After a few days in London, I have started to “forget” my mask when I go outside. When I return to New York, I will have to relearn my habits all over again. 1．What does the underlined phrase “culture shock” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．The loss of culture. B．Confusion and difference. C．The face mask. D．A huge welcome. 2．Which word best describes New Yorkers’ attitude towards mask wearing? A．Serious. B．Indifferent. C．Annoyed. D．Doubtful. 3．In terms of mask wearing, which is the difference between Londoners and New Yorkers? A．Londoners think mask wearing is only necessary on public transport. B．None of the Londoners likes the idea of mask wearing. C．New Yorkers should wear masks even if alone. D．New Yorkers would react strongly to people without masks. 4．Why does the author mention the book the Power of not Thinking? A．To stress the importance of realizing one’s habits with environmental changes. B．To help people understand that each country has its own unique culture. C．To encourage people to travel and explore the world. D．To explain why there’s a culture shock. 5.(22-23高二上·云南昆明西山区·期末) Even if you are not a football fan you are sure to be impressed by the Lusail Stadium, the main stadium for Qatar (卡塔尔) World Cup 2022. The stadium catches peoples’ attention with its bold design and creative technique, which was inspired by the hand-crafted bowls found all across the Arab world, and the Fanar lanterns found in the region. The symbolic stadium was constructed by the China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC). “The stadium is the most international World Cup stadium with the largest and most complex systems, the highest design standards (标准) and the most advanced technology,” said Li Bai, the Chinese engineer from CRCC who was in charge of the project. The key to the Lusail Stadium’s design is its steel (钢) structure and roof which has the same amount of steel as three Eiffel Towers. Made of the best Polvtetrafluoroethvene (聚四氟Z烯) material, the stadium’s roof protects the stadium from hot winds, keeps out dust and allows in enough light for the grass on the football field to grow, while providing shade to reduce the pressure on the stadium’s cooling systems. The main structure mainly consists of V-shape trusses (桁架). This design solution reduced the amount of steel needed by 12000 tons. Designed using the team’s innovatively developed BIM — an architecture information modeling database — the Lusail Stadium uses 40 percent less water than traditional buildings thanks to measures such as systems that use collected rainwater and an improved water-saving sprinkler irrigation (喷灌) system, according to the construction team from CRCC． Making full use of China’s advantages in the infrastructure (基础设施) industry, Chinese companies have provided a full set of production chain solutions for the design and construction of the stadium. The stadium reflects China’s rich experience in designing creative, sustainable and reliable landmark buildings such as the “Bird’s Nest” and the “Ice Ribbon”. 1．What inspired the design of the Lusail Stadium? A．The advanced technology. B．The requests of football fans. C．Native bowls and local lanterns. D．The typical hand-crafted cups in Arab. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The features of the stadium’s roof. B．The cooling systems of the stadium. C．The design standards of the stadium. D．The building materials of the stadium. 3．What advantage does the Lusial Stadium have over traditional buildings? A．It uses steel structure to build. B．It has lower water consumption. C．It helps deal with extreme weather. D．It saves electricity and heat energy. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To stress the importance of the Lusial Stadium. B．To call on people to pay attention to green architecture. C．To introduce the main stadium of Qatar World Cup 2022. D．To show the development of Chinese construction technology. 主题02 人与自我——健康、教育、生活方式、心理与个人成长 1．(24-25高一上·云南玉溪第一中学·期中) Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are in the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your choice of sports might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are resource-hungryz (资源饥渴). Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environment effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you can take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control. Whatever sports you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centres. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free. 1．Which of the following does the author most probably like？ A．Cycling around a lake. B．Driving a car on the street. C．Playing basketball in a gym. D．Swimming in a sports centre. 2．What do you know about golf from Paragraph 2？ A．It is unpopular in Portugal and Spain. B．It causes water shortage around the world. C．It protects the earth from chemicals and waste. D．It needs water and energy to keep its courses green. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in the Paragraph 3 refer to？ A．Resource-hungry sports. B．Outdoors sports. C．Environment-friendly sports. D．Indoors sports. 4．The author writes the passage to__________ . A．show us the function of major sports B．encourage us to go in for green sports C．discuss the major influence of popular sports D．introduce different types of environment-friendly sports 2．(24-25高一上·昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期中) By now we all know the importance of drinking enough water throughout the day, but there is such a thing as too much. Earlier this summer, a 35-year-old Indianan woman died from water toxicity (水中毒）after drinking too much water in a short period of time, according to a local news report. While dinking enough water is important, overdoing it can lead to low levels of sodium (钠) in the blood, which can cause danger to our life, according to Julia Zumpano, an expert at Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Human Nutrition. Exactly how much is enough for our body depends on a variety of factors (因素), including our weight, age, location and overall health. People in poor health, or active people such as athletes, are at risk of water toxicity, as they are likely to drink large amounts of water and lose sodium through their sweat. So are women and children because of their smaller body size. While the gold standard has been eight glasses of 8 ounces (盎司) of water a day, the National Academy of Medicine suggests enough water intake be about 125 ounces for men and about 91 ounces for women. And it recommends not drinking more than 48 ounces of water per hour. This includes water from fruits, vegetables and other drinks besides water. If you struggle with getting enough water per day, you can try water bottles to help track your water intake. Eating fruits and vegetables can also increase our water intake. “Most people had better keep drinking water throughout the day, but larger amounts may be needed in the heat for an extended period of time or during exercise. If you are thirsty for water, listen to your body. But don’t overdo it,” says Zumpano. 1．What influence may drinking too much water have on us? A．Becoming fatter. B．Getting older quickly. C．Making us more active. D．Lowering sodium in the blood. 2．Who is most unlikely to suffer from water toxicity? A．An active athlete. B．A small child. C．An unhealthy man. D．A strong man. 3．How much water should we take a day according to the gold standard? A．8 ounces. B．48 ounces. C．64 ounces. D．125 ounces. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．What is the result of water toxicity? B．How much water is too much? C．Why do you find it difficult to drink enough water? D．How often need we remind ourselves to drink water? 3．(24-25高一上·云南凤庆县第一中学·期中) Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”. Today many people don’t do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. High school isn’t that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school. The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don’t get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activities and help teens have healthy weights. Inactivity increases teens’ risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes towards treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine. According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education. 1．According to paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean? A．Helping teens learn to make good plans. B．Making teens think much of exercise later. C．Removing the stress faced by teens at school. D．Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. 2．What does the underlined word “hindered” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Measured. B．Prevented. C．Shown. D．Caused. 3．According to the PCFSN, doing sports ________. A．helps students do better in their studies B．helps students make good use of all their time C．means students adjust to their environment better D．means making students choose between sports and studies 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How high school students can live a better life. B．How schools can help students love doing sports. C．Why physical education can relieve students’ stress. D．Why high school students should receive physical education. 4．(24-25高一上·云南长水教育集团·期中) Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters. The earthquake of 26 December 2004 led to one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a very big underwater quake and happened in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction (破坏) to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world collect money to help them. The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously although very slowly and has done so for billions of years. This is one reason for earthquakes, when one part of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict (预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line (断层线). However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable. All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth’s history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid impacts (小行星撞击). About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause large destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species (物种). Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth’s species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinosaurs. Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest danger to humans is likely to come from space. 1．What did the Indian Ocean earthquake cause? A．A typhoon. B．A tsunami. C．A hurricane. D．volcanic eruption. 2．What can scientists predict about earthquakes? A．The possible rate. B．The possible damage. C．The possible place. D．The possible time. 3．Where will the most dangerous natural disaster come from according to the author? A．The volcanoes. B．The ocean. C．Outer space. D．Deep under the surface. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How natural disasters happened B．Where natural disasters happen most C．When people should avoid natural disasters D．What kind of natural disasters are most destructive 5.(24-25高一上·云南昆明禄劝民族中学·期中) Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them. But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships. Could this be true? During your parents’childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other. Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台). In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger. “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To make fun of online friendships. B．To tell about true friends. C．To encourage online friendships. D．To bring up a discussion. 2．What does the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3? A．In advance. B．In person. C．In full measure. D．In no case. 3．What is Katie’s attitude towards online communication? A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Indifferent. 6.(24-25高一上·昆明官渡区云南大学附属中学星耀学校·期中) Previous studies have suggested children who spend their days looking out of the window instead of paying attention may be among the cleverest pupils. The latest study, however, suggests in the long run constantly (持续) daydreaming will leave children struggling to keep up with their peers. Dr Agnieszka Graham, a lecturer in applied developmental psychology at Queen’s University Belfast, said, “In school, often children can get in trouble for mind wandering (神游). It is sometimes viewed as a sign of disrespect or misbehavior if they are not paying attention.” The study, conducted by Queen’s University Belfast, is the first to deal with the impact of so-called “mind wandering” on learning in young children. The researchers played a story about a fictional pharaoh in ancient Egypt to 97 children aged 6-11 and asked them a question every two minutes to check if they were paying attention. The study found that mind wandering had a significant impact on learning, as children who daydreamed the most remembered less about the story. The researchers discovered the children’s minds wandered a quarter of the time, and they could not help it. According to the study, daydreaming during a classroom-style listening activity is not only common but also harmful to memory in children. And because the impact of daydreaming is so clear, teachers should consider how they teach young children to reduce mind wandering. However, the research has found children, like adults, are unable to fully concentrate all the time; it’s likely that their minds will wander several times in a typical school day. The findings show that further exploring the causes and consequences of mind wandering in these early years at school could provide a solid foundation for developing interventions (干预), which will help children find out when their attention drifts away from the present task and refocus their attention. 1．Why did Queen’s University Belfast conduct the study? A．To improve children’s memory. B．To learn a story about ancient Egypt. C．To check children’s attention in class. D．To research the influence of mind wandering. 2．What might the researchers advise teachers to do? A．Help children concentrate. B．Help with further research. C．Reduce their own mind wandering. D．Work harder while teaching the young. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Adults can reduce mind wandering. B．Adults can fully concentrate all the time. C．Children’s mind wandering is not unsolvable. D．Children’s mind wandering can not be intervened. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the findings? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uninterested. D．Unclear. 7.(24-25高一上·云南曲靖第一中学·期中) Good friends and good physical health may be even more closely linked than previously thought, new research has found. Researchers discovered that positive social experiences impact not only a person’s stress level and ability to cope, but also markers of physical health, according to a study published Monday in the journal Society for Personality and Social Psychology. The study followed more than 4,000 people over three weeks as they completed check-ins every three days on their smartphones or smartwatches regarding their positive and negative experiences with their closest social relationships, as well as assessments of their blood pressure, heart rate, stress and coping. Having more positive experiences in social relationships was generally associated with better coping, lower stress and lower blood pressure, according to the study. But having social relationships which bounce between good and bad often can be unhelpful. When there is a lot of volatility, the negative experiences seemed to have a bigger impact on a person than the positive, said lead study author Brian Don of the University of Auckland. Then, how to build good social relationships? Adam Smiley Poswolsky, a workplace belonging expert, suggests starting small. Text a friend that you haven’t talked to in a long time, meet one new person a month, host a dinner party, or join a class. “If you do just one thing, make a list of five people in your life that you care about, and give one of them a phone call,” Poswolsky added. There might not be just one definition of a good friendship, but most strong relationships share some similar qualities, he said. They tend to prioritize laughter, joy, excitement, courage, and non-judgmental support. And good friendships are often two people helping each other become better versions of themselves, he added. “You know someone is a true friend when they have your back when you’re sick, when you lose your job, when you make a mistake, when you’re stressed, when you’re sad,” Poswolsky said. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By doing regular check-ins on devices. B．By following the participants for three days. C．By interviewing the closest friends of participants. D．By monitoring the health conditions of participants. 2．What does the underlined word “volatility” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Pressure. B．Association. C．Changeability. D．Certainty. 3．Which statement will Poswolsky probably agree with? A．Friendship is about being always available. B．Friendship is based on shared interests and hobbies. C．Friendship begins with tiny moments of connection. D．Friendship means always having positive interactions. 4．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A questionnaire survey. B．A personal diary. C．A biology textbook. D．A news report. 8.(24-25高一上·云南师范大学附属中学·期中) The cognitive (认知的) benefits of exercise have been well-documented in studies for years, but a recent study suggests that grandfathers who improve their cognitive health through workout can pass down those benefits to their future generations. The research, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, was built on past findings that cognitive improvements resulting from physical exercise can be passed on from parents to their children. The next step for scientists was to see if the same phenomenon (现象) can be observed in offspring two generations. “We set out to explore whether these improvements might go transgenerationally, influencing grandchildren,” the researchers wrote in the study. To do this, the team examined the behavior of some male mice whose grandfathers exercised, as opposed to a control group that remained sedentary. The researchers discovered that the cognitive improvements that the grandfathers received from working out were similarly seen in their grandsons. “Our findings suggested that mice with physically active grandfathers showed obviously improved memory recall, including both spatial (空间的) and non-spatial information when compared to their counterparts from sedentary grandfathers.” “This,” they said, “proves for the first time the transgenerational inheritance (遗传) of cognitive improvements caused by physical exercise.” More research needs to be done into this phenomenon, at the very least to include female mice rather than focusing on males and their grandsons to determine if these cognitive benefits can similarly be passed down from grandmothers to granddaughters. Eventually, studies involving human test subjects might be able to prove these findings for people as well as animals. 1．What did the research focus on? A．Mental benefits of exercise across generations. B．How to improve cognitive ability through workout. C．Advantages got from exercising regularly with grandparents. D．Whether cognitive benefits of sport can be inherited by the third generation. 2．What does the underlined word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Inactive. B．Restless. C．Frightened. D．Sleepy. 3．How was the research carried out? A．By giving examples. B．By answering questions. C．By comparing different groups. D．By studying the former research. 4．In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text? A．Lifestyle. B．Science. C．Adventure. D．Society. 9.(24-25高一上·云南曲靖第一中学·期中) It will come as no comfort to a child shivering (打哆嗦) on a playing field on a cold winter’s day. But regular organized school sport helps children in their academic studies in years to come. The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t. The Canadian study looked at children aged six and then ten. Professor Linda Pagani said, “We worked with information provided by parents and teachers to compare kindergarteners’ activities with their classroom activities as they grew up. By the time they reached the fourth grade, kids who played structured sports were clearly better at following instructions and remaining focused in the classroom. There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities.” Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had. Professor Pagani said, “We found children who had better behavior in the kindergarten class were more likely to be involved in sport by age ten. Nevertheless, we found those children who were specifically involved in team sports at kindergarten scored higher by the time they reached the fourth grade.” The researchers believe sporting activities and attention skills go hand in hand. Professor Pagani added, “The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools.” 1．What kinds of children may do better in their academic study according to paragraph one? A．Those who join in structured activities. B．Those who don’t shiver on a cold winter’s day. C．Those who don’t like school sports. D．Those who take part in game lessons. 2．What are kids more likely to do in the sporting environment? A．Understand each other better. B．Follow the rules. C．Respect the teachers. D．Give up. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．How scientists carried out the research. B．Why parents were interviewed by phone. C．How kids behaved at home or at school. D．How many sports kids did at school. 4．What can we infer from Prof. Pagani’s words in the last paragraph? A．The research will be of great benefit. B．It’s necessary for children go to kindergartens. C．Childhood obesity rates can lead to low attainment. D．Team sports will be reduced at kindergartens. 10.(23-24高一上·云南昭通昭阳区第一中学·期中) There’s more evidence that what’s good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity (中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes. “Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better,” said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it’s not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology. The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI (核磁共振). Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on. “We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower memory decline (下降) than inactive people when comparing the results,” the study team wrote. Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function. 1．What does the underlined phrase refer to? A．People with a range of diseases. B．People without health insurance. C．People with high levels of intelligence. D．People with no or irregular physical activity. 2．What can we know from the study? A．Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger. B．Low-intensity group scored higher grades on the tests. C．Exercise can protect people from getting old and puzzled. D．Moderate intensity exercise can prevent memory from losing. 3．Which of the following is included in moderate intensity sports? A．Bowling. B．Reading. C．Walking. D．Swimming. 4．Who might delay memory aging? A．Those whose family never suffer from any diseases. B．Those who are good at many higher thinking skills. C．Those who regular exercise and have a healthy diet. D．Those who possess a high sense of responsibility. 11.(23-24高一上·云南昭通昭阳区第一中学·期中) Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.” So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.” This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself! 1．What makes children lose touch with nature? A．Playing hide and seek. B．Going on adventures in parks. C．Building dens frequently. D．Being addicted to a screen. 2．In Andy Simpson’s opinion, who should be persuaded to see the effect of wild time? A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Children. D．Experts. 3．What might David probably agree? A．What modern children need is spiritual satisfaction. B．Children always take it for granted to play outside. C．Children need more time to get close to nature. D．Parents should make larger rooms for kids to study. 4．What can be inferred from this passage? A．People at any age can enjoy wild time. B．Watching TV is a good way to learn about nature. C．Everyone lives in a high-pressure world. D．Adults all desire to go back to childhood. 12.(23-24高一上·云南下关第一中学·期中) “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” But now scientists have given us another warning: too much play with smart phones or computers makes you dull too. “Many focus on the benefits of digital devices （设备） in education but ignore the costs,”said Patricia Greenfield from the University of California, “losing the ability to understand the emotions of other people is one of the costs.”Greenfield and her research team did an experiment. They worked with 105 children who spent about 4.5 hours in front of screens on a school day. The students were asked to describe the emotions towards the pictures of people who were happy, sad, angry, or scared. Then, half of them attended a five-day nature and science camp. There they had no smart phones, TV, or computers. The other half stayed in school and spent the five days as usual. Five days later, all the children took the test again. Students who had been to the camp got about 5 percent more answers correct than they had done before the camp. But the other group of students didn’t show much improvement. The study is not perfect in some ways, said the researchers. But scientists say that the study is still a warning for us. “Emotional skills develop in practice and the brain develops through real interaction,” said Professor Taylor, a professor at the University of San Francisco. Researchers talked to 2,000 parents of children aged 2-16 in the UK about what activities their children could do confidently. The results were shocking: Their children could use a tablet （平板电脑） (59%) and work a mobile phone (57%) more confidently than they could tie their shoelaces （鞋带） (53%)! So, spend more time away from mobile phones and computers if you want to be an understanding friend, and not a member of what the Daily Mail called “Generation Helpless”. 1．What is a problem of using digital media in education according to Professor Greenfield? A．Having bad relationships with family members. B．Failing to focus on their schoolwork. C．Being addicted to online games. D．Being unable to understand others’ emotions. 2．How do scientists like the results of Greenfield’s experiment? A．They are alarming. B．They are far from perfect. C．They still need to be improved. D．They are quite reasonable. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Students learned how to express emotions in the experiment. B．Students attending the camp did much better in their studies. C．Too much play with digital devices caused some concerns. D．More than half of the children in the UK couldn’t tie their shoelaces. 4．What is the author’s advice for readers at the end of the text? A．To use your smart phones and computers less. B．To learn to tie your shoelaces confidently. C．To learn to be an understanding friend. D．To make more friends through your smart phones. 13.(23-24高一上·云南昆明第八中学·期中) There’s no denying that learning a foreign language is difficult, and when it comes to speaking the language, it can be extremely tough. I remember walking into my first-ever Spanish class at university only to discover that half of my classmates were already fluent in many languages. It’s safe to say I felt out of my depth! At first the thought of speaking Spanish terrified me; not only were my vocabulary and grammar very limited, but I had never spoken another language before. However, I was determined to overcome my fear, and by adopting a few simple method T have b to build my confidence and make progress. In fact, it was not as terrible as I thought. Here, I think I will share a few tips with you. Firstly, it is OK to make mistakes for language learners and that you should accept them. This sounds obvious, but when it comes to language learning we often aim for perfection d feel as though we are not ready to speak until we have “enough” words or grammatical knowledge. The truth is that you will never feel ready, and instead it is important to use the knowledge to communicate what you can. This leads on to my next tip: don’t compare yourself to others. This can be a hard one, especially if you are in a large language class. It is important to remember that we all learn At different speeds and through different styles of learning. Something that really helped me progress/was finding a patient language exchange partner. Finding someone whose level of English was similar to my level of Spanish to practice with made me feel much more confident Lastly, celebrate the small success and remember how far you have come! Instead of focusing on how far you have to go, focus on the progress you have already made and be proud of your achievements! 1．What does the underlined part suggest in the passage? A．The author took great pride in his classmates. B．The author was unable to speak many languages. C．The author wanted to leave university immediately. D．The author failed to join in his classmates’ conversation. 2．What is the common barrier for language learners? A．They can’t use the language in right situations. B．They fail to have a good command of grammar. C．They can’t help comparing themselves to others. D．They have a lack of courage to speak the language. 3．What’s the best way to learn Spanish in the author’s opinion? A．Find a partner whose Spanish is excellent. B．Set long-term goals to improve interest. C．Learn from an example and pick out weak points. D．Choose a language exchange partner at the same level. 4．What does the author want to tell in the passage? A．Learning new languages is not so hard. B．Mastering Spanish is a chance in a million. C．Confidence is the key to speaking a language. D．Don’t ignore what you have achieved in learning. 主题03 人与自然——环境、生态、可持续发展 1.(23-24高一上·云南昭通云天化中学教研联盟·期中) Trees are one of the oldest “citizens (公民)” of our Earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noise pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials. Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near Most young trees have large, deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy. When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. Afterwards, they grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a real adult. The tree reaches its largest size. The adult tree gives us shade, oxygen and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to read a book, listen to music and so on. If we give the adult tree proper care, it will go on to live healthily for many years. Gradually, trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it becomes dead, it provides a home to small animals and is a source of food for many other animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is like our own life experience. When we are looking at the life of a tree, we  learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. So, let’s enjoy every minute of our life and take care of it like planting a tree! 1．When the trees are very young, some of them grow thorns to ______. A．catch enough sunlight B．protect themselves C．become more beautiful D．produce food and energy. 2．Which of the following statements is true about the growth of a tree? A．The tree produces flowers and fruit before the age of 15. B．The tree becomes a young adult when it is 20 to 25 years old. C．When part of a tree becomes dead, it still plays an important role in nature. D．The young adult tree is a good place for a tree house and for us to read a book, 3．Why should we enjoy every minute of our life according to the last paragraph? A．Because our life is becoming better and better. B．Because trees give us so much and make our world beautiful. C．Because the life of a tree is similar to our own life experience. D．Because each period of life brings its own form of pleasure and challenge. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The growth and life of trees. B．Different kinds of Trees. C．The mystery of a tree. D．The advantages trees can bring us. 2．(23-24高一上·云南腾冲·期中) Many ocean birds fly long distances to avoid severe storms. But not the streaked shearwaters (条纹鹱) ! A new study led by Professor Ken Yoda of Japan’s Nagoya University states that the brave seabirds often fly right into the eye of the storm to survive. This strange behavior — not reported in any other bird species—might help streaked shearwaters survive strong storms. The scientists analyzed 11 years of data collected from GPS trackers attached to the wings of 401 shearwaters nesting on Japan’s Awashima Island. By combining this information with data on wind speeds during typhoons, scientists discovered that shearwaters that were caught out in the open ocean when a storm blew in would ride tailwinds (顺风) around the edges of the storm. However, others that found themselves sandwiched between land and the eye of a strong hurricane would sometimes change their usual flight patterns and head toward the center of the storm. Scientists found that 75 birds chose to fly during ten typhoons or tropical storms. Some even chased the storm’s eye for up to 8 hours! The researchers say shearwaters can survive fierce storms. The strong winds over water enable the birds to glide (滑翔) for long distances without flapping their wings too much, saving energy. While skilled in flight, shearwaters are clumsy on land. The birds have a hard time taking off, leaving them at risk of predators like crows and cats. These may explain why some shearwaters prefer flying into the storm to survive. But to do that, the birds need to know where the land is so they can avoid it. The adult shearwaters seem to have developed a mental map to guide them in the right direction. While this is the first time this behavior has been spotted in any bird species, flying with the winds could be a common strategy for preserving energy during hurricanes, says Andrew Farnsworth, an ornithologist at Cornell University who was not involved in the study. “It might be contrary to common sense,” he says. “But from the perspective of bird behavior, it makes a lot of sense.” 1．What is the new study about? A．The methods of saving rare bird species. B．The flying distance of streaked shearwaters. C．The impact of extreme weather on seabirds. D．The behavior of streaked shearwaters surviving storms. 2．When shearwaters find themselves in between land and the storm’s eye, they would ________. A．fly to the center of the storm B．find rock cracks and holes as shelters C．try their best to fly far away from the storm D．ride tailwinds around the edges of the storm 3．In paragraph 3, the author aims to ________. A．propose a theory B．explain a fact C．make a prediction D．present an example 4．What is Andrew Farnsworth’s attitude to the new study? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Disapproving. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $