内容正文:
人教版八上Unit 6 Plan for yourself. Section A 词汇短语梳理背记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
单词速记
核心考点
例句
1
yourself /jɔːˈself/ pron. (pl. yourselves /jɔːˈselvz/) 你自己;您自己 p.51
单复数:单数 yourself;复数 yourselves(反身代词,无其他变化)
N/A
拆分记忆:your(你的)+ self(自己)→ 你自己;复数变 self 为 selves
固定搭配:by yourself(独自);help yourself(请自便)
1. You can finish this work by yourself.(你可以独自完成这项工作。)2. Help yourselves to some fruit, kids.(孩子们,随便吃点水果吧。)
2
engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ n. 工程师;技师 p.52
名词复数:engineers
engineer v. 发动;设计;engineering n. 工程学
后缀记忆:engine(发动机)+ -er(表人)→ 研究/操作发动机的人→工程师
N/A(侧重职业名词用法)
1. My father is an engineer who works in a car factory.(我爸爸是一名汽车厂的工程师。)2. She wants to be an engineer when she grows up.(她长大后想当一名技师。)
3
fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 时装业;时尚 p.52
不可数名词(无复数,表“时尚风格”时可加 s,初中阶段少见)
fashionable adj. 时尚的;流行的
联想记忆:“时尚(fashion)”与“fashionable(时尚的)”词性转换记忆
固定搭配:in fashion(流行);out of fashion(过时)
1. Long skirts are in fashion this year.(今年长裙很流行。)2. She is interested in the fashion industry.(她对时装业感兴趣。)
4
designer /dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/ n. 设计师 p.52
名词复数:designers
design v. 设计;n. 设计方案
后缀记忆:design(设计,v./n.)+ -er(表人)→ 做设计的人→设计师
常见搭配:fashion designer(时装设计师);graphic designer(平面设计师)
1. This dress was made by a famous fashion designer.(这条裙子是由一位著名时装设计师设计的。)2. He works as a designer in an IT company.(他在一家IT公司当设计师。)
5
director /dəˈrektə(r); daɪˈrektə(r)/ n. 导演;主任;董事 p.52
名词复数:directors
direct v. 指导;管理;adj. 直接的
后缀记忆:direct(指导,v.)+ -or(表人)→ 负责指导的人→导演;主任
常见搭配:film director(电影导演);company director(公司董事)
1. The director of this movie won an international award.(这部电影的导演获得了国际奖项。)2. Our school director will give a speech tomorrow.(我们的校长明天要发表演讲。)
6
musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/ n. 音乐家;乐师 p.52
名词复数:musicians
music n. 音乐;musical adj. 音乐的
后缀记忆:music(音乐,n.)+ -ian(表人)→ 从事音乐的人→音乐家
N/A(侧重职业名词用法)
1. Beethoven was a great musician in history.(贝多芬是历史上伟大的音乐家。)2. The band has five musicians, including a pianist.(这个乐队有五名乐师,包括一名钢琴手。)
7
fireman /ˈfaɪəmən/ n. (pl. firemen /ˈfaɪəmən/) 消防队员 p.52
名词复数:firemen(特殊变化,man 变 men)
fire n. 火;fire v. 点燃
合成记忆:fire(火)+ man(人)→ 与火打交道的人→消防队员
N/A(侧重职业名词用法)
1. Firemen rushed to the burning building to save people.(消防队员冲进着火的大楼救人。)2. My uncle used to be a fireman when he was young.(我叔叔年轻时曾是一名消防队员。)
8
AI /ˌeɪ ˈaɪ/ (= artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/) 人工智能 p.52
专有名词(无复数,缩写形式固定)
N/A
缩写记忆:AI 是“artificial intelligence”的缩写,直接记忆“人工智能”
N/A(侧重专有名词指代)
1. AI is widely used in daily life, like smart speakers.(人工智能广泛应用于日常生活,比如智能音箱。)2. We learned about AI in our computer class.(我们在电脑课上学过人工智能。)
9
essay /ˈeseɪ/ n. 小品文;文章 p.53
名词复数:essays
N/A
发音记忆:“essay”发音近似“埃赛”,联想“写一篇埃赛(essay)”→ 文章
N/A(侧重名词用法,常与 write 搭配)
1. I wrote an essay about my summer vacation for homework.(我写了一篇关于暑假的文章作为作业。)2. Her essay won first prize in the school competition.(她的小品文在学校比赛中获得一等奖。)
10
classic /ˈklæsɪk/ n. 经典作品;名著;adj. 最优秀的;古典的 p.53
名词复数:classics;形容词比较级:more classic;最高级:most classic
classical adj. 古典的(如 classical music 古典音乐)
联想记忆:“经典(classic)”作品即“最优秀的(classic)”作品
名词搭配:classic novels(经典小说);形容词搭配:classic style(古典风格)
1. "Pride and Prejudice" is a classic of English literature.(《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学名著。)2. She likes wearing clothes with classic designs.(她喜欢穿设计古典的衣服。)
11
keep on doing sth 继续做;反复做 p.53
短语(无词形变化,核心动词 keep 过去式 kept)
N/A
拆分记忆:keep(保持)+ on(持续)+ doing sth(做某事)→ 持续做某事→继续做
固定搭配:keep on doing sth(继续做某事,强调动作反复或持续)
1. He keeps on reading English every morning.(他每天早上都坚持读英语。)2. Don't keep on asking the same question.(别反复问同一个问题。)
12
make sure 确保;保证 p.53
短语(无词形变化)
N/A
拆分记忆:make(使)+ sure(确定的)→ 使事情确定→确保
固定搭配:make sure to do sth(确保做某事);make sure that...(确保……,that 可省略)
1. Make sure to turn off the lights before you leave.(离开前一定要关灯。)2. She checked her bag to make sure she had her keys.(她检查书包,确保带了钥匙。)
13
try one's best 尽最大努力 p.53
短语(无词形变化,核心动词 try 过去式 tried)
N/A
拆分记忆:try(努力)+ one's(某人的)+ best(最好的)→ 拿出某人最好的状态→尽最大努力
固定搭配:try one's best to do sth(尽某人最大努力做某事)
1. She tried her best to help the old man cross the street.(她尽全力帮助老人过马路。)2. We should try our best to achieve our dreams.(我们应该尽最大努力实现梦想。)
14
literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学;文献 p.54
不可数名词(无复数,表“文学作品”时常用单数)
N/A
联想记忆:“文学(literature)”涵盖小说、诗歌等,如 English literature(英国文学)
常见搭配:world literature(世界文学);literature books(文学书籍)
1. He majors in literature at university.(他在大学里主修文学。)2. We read many classic works of literature in class.(我们在课上读了很多经典文学作品。)
15
athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员 p.54
名词复数:athletes
athletic adj. 运动的;体格健壮的
发音记忆:“athlete”发音近似“埃斯利特”,联想“埃斯利特是运动员”
N/A(侧重职业名词用法,常与 sports 搭配)
1. He is an excellent athlete who has won many medals.(他是一名优秀的运动员,赢得过很多奖牌。)2. Young athletes need to train hard every day.(年轻运动员需要每天刻苦训练。)
16
photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 摄影师;拍照者 p.54
名词复数:photographers
photograph v. 拍照;n. 照片;photographic adj. 摄影的
后缀记忆:photograph(拍照,v./n.)+ -er(表人)→ 拍照的人→摄影师
常见搭配:wildlife photographer(野生动物摄影师);take photos(拍照,对应动词用法)
1. The photographer took many beautiful photos of the sunset.(摄影师拍了很多日落的美照。)2. My cousin works as a photographer for a magazine.(我表哥是一家杂志的摄影师。)
17
painter /ˈpeɪntə(r)/ n. 画家;油漆匠 p.54
名词复数:painters
paint v. 绘画;油漆;n. 颜料
后缀记忆:paint(绘画,v.)+ -er(表人)→ 从事绘画或油漆的人→画家;油漆匠
常见搭配:oil painter(油画家);house painter(房屋油漆匠)
1. Van Gogh was a famous painter in the 19th century.(梵高是19世纪著名的画家。)2. We hired a painter to paint our new house.(我们雇了一名油漆匠来刷我们的新房子。)
18
businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ n. 商界人士;企业家 p.54
名词复数:businessmen(特殊变化,man 变 men)
business n. 生意;商业;business adj. 商业的
合成记忆:business(生意)+ man(人)→ 做生意思的人→商界人士
常见搭配:successful businessman(成功的企业家);do business(做生意)
1. His father is a businessman who travels a lot.(他爸爸是一名经常出差的商界人士。)2. The meeting was attended by many famous businessmen.(很多知名企业家参加了这次会议。)
19
actress /ˈæktrəs/ n. 女演员 p.54
名词复数:actresses
act v. 表演;n. 动作;actor n. 男演员
后缀记忆:act(表演,v.)+ -ress(表女性)→ 女性表演者→女演员
N/A(侧重职业名词用法,与 actor 对应)
1. She is my favorite actress—her movies are great.(她是我最喜欢的女演员,她的电影很棒。)2. The actress won an Oscar for her role in this film.(这位女演员凭借这部电影中的角色获得了奥斯卡奖。)
20
lawyer /ˈlɔːjə(r)/ n. 律师 p.54
名词复数:lawyers
law n. 法律;legal adj. 法律的
词根记忆:law(法律,n.)+ -yer(表人)→ 研究/运用法律的人→律师
常见搭配:hire a lawyer(雇律师);family lawyer(家庭律师)
1. He wants to be a lawyer to help people with legal problems.(他想当一名律师,帮助人们解决法律问题。)2. The lawyer gave us good advice on the contract.(律师就合同给了我们很好的建议。)
21
law /lɔː/ n. 法律;法规 p.54
不可数名词(无复数,表“具体法律条文”时可加 s,初中阶段少见)
legal adj. 法律的;lawyer n. 律师(已单独列出)
联想记忆:“法律(law)”是“律师(lawyer)”的工作依据
常见搭配:follow the law(守法);break the law(违法)
1. Everyone must follow the law in our country.(在我们国家,每个人都必须守法。)2. The new law will take effect next month.(新法规将于下个月生效。)
22
bath /bɑːθ/ n. 洗澡;浴缸 p.55
名词复数:baths(表“洗澡”时可数;表“浴缸”时可数)
bathe v. 洗澡;bathing n. 游泳;洗澡
词性转换记忆:“bath”是名词(洗澡),“bathe”是动词(洗澡)
固定搭配:take a bath(洗澡);have a bath(洗澡)
1. I usually take a bath before going to bed.(我通常睡前洗个澡。)2. There is a big bath in our bathroom.(我们的浴室里有一个大浴缸。)
23
miss /mɪs/ v. 想念;错过 p.55
动词过去式/过去分词:missed;现在分词:missing
missing adj. 失踪的;丢失的
一词多义记忆:“想念”家人就是“错过”和他们在一起的时光
固定搭配:miss sb(想念某人);miss doing sth(错过做某事)
1. I miss my grandparents very much when I'm at school.(我在学校时非常想念爷爷奶奶。)2. Don't miss the early bus, or you'll be late.(别错过早班车,否则你会迟到的。)
24
be tired of 对……感到厌倦 p.55
短语(无词形变化,核心形容词 tired 无比较级特殊变化)
N/A
拆分记忆:be tired(疲倦的)+ of(对……)→ 对某事感到疲倦→对……厌倦
固定搭配:be tired of sth(对某物厌倦);be tired of doing sth(对做某事厌倦)
1. He is tired of eating the same food every day.(他厌倦了每天吃同样的食物。)2. She is tired of watching TV—let's go out for a walk.(她厌倦了看电视,我们出去散步吧。)
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