2026年中考英语二轮复习语法句子的构成以及5大句型的构成

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦语法基础核心考点——五大基本句型，覆盖主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾补、主系表结构，按“句子构成-动词分类-句型应用”逻辑架构知识，通过动词类型（实义/非实义动词）与句型匹配建立内在联系。设计“句型定义-动词辨析-真题拓展”教学环节，从基础例句（如Birds fly）到复杂句分析（如含多种修饰成分的长句），帮助学生突破句型识别与成分划分难点。 亮点在于“螺旋式扩展”教学法，以“主谓双宾”句型为例，从简单句“The boy gave the girl a box”逐步添加冠词、形容词、介词短语等修饰成分，引导学生分层拆解复杂句，培养语言理解能力和逻辑思维品质。设置“句型匹配”（给定动词选句型）和“真题句子仿写”活动，配合5分钟句型速判练习，确保学生短时间掌握句型应用规律。教师可借助该资料快速定位学生薄弱句型，实现精准复习，有效提升学生语法题应考能力。

【英语语法精讲】：句子的构成以及五大句型的构成 一、句子的构成 世界是物质的，物质是运动的，物质+运动→意义 名词+动词→句子 主语+ 谓语 →主谓结构 You laugh. 你笑。 主语是执行句子动作或行为的主体，通俗点说，就是“谁干什么”。谓语则是对主语动作或状态或特征的陈述或说明。就是那个动作“谁干了啥”。 主语+ 谓语 + 宾语→主谓宾结构 I love you.我爱你。 宾语：也称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。 主语+谓语+双宾→主谓双宾结构（谓语通常为给予动词，就是给别人什么东西） I gave you an apple.我给了你一个苹果。 物宾：直接宾语 人宾：间接宾语 主语+谓语+宾补→主谓宾补结构（谓语通常为使役动词） I made you happy. 宾补: 宾语补足语 我使你开心。 主语+系动词+表语→主系表结构 I am a teacher.系动词：连接主语和表语的纽带 我是个老师。表语：对主语的表示说明，表示说明主语的情况或状态。 一句话包含所有语法 主谓双宾 The boy gave thegirl a box.冠词修饰 The tall boy gave thegirl a box.形容词修饰 The very tall boy gave the girl a box.副词修饰 The very tall boywith a hat gave the girl a box. 介词短语修饰 The very tall boy with a hat made of grass gave the girl a box.非谓语动词done结构修饰 The very tall boywith a hat made of grass gave the girl to go to Beijing soon a box. 非谓语动词to do结构修饰 介词短语修饰 副词修饰 The very tallboywith a hat made ofgrassgavethegirlto go to Beijingsoon aboxfloating in the river. 非谓语动词doing结构修饰以及介词短语修饰 The very tall boywith a hat made of grassgavethegirlto go to Beijing soon aboxfloating in the riverwhich our teacher dug last year.定语从句修饰 When I was doing my homework at home,the very tallboywith a hat made of grassgavethegirlto go to Beijing soon aboxfloating in the river which our teacher duglast year. 状语从句修饰 When I was doing my homeworkset by Mr.Zhang,the very tall boywith a hat made of grassgavethegirlto go to Beijing soon aboxfloating in the river which our teacher dug last year. 非谓语动词done结构修饰介词短语修饰 When I was doing my homework set by Mr.Zhang, the very tall boy with a hat made of grassgavethegirlto go to Beijing soon a box floating tr the river which our teacher dug last year,which made other girls angry.非限定性定语从句修饰 When I was doing my homework set by Mr.Zhang , the very tall boywith a hat made of grass gave thegirl to go to Beijing soon a box floating in the river which our teacher dug last year, which made other girls angry. 当我正在做张老师布置的家庭作业的时候，那个非常高的戴着用草做的帽子的男孩给那个很快要去北京的女孩了一个正在我老师去年挖的河里飘着的那个盒子，这件事儿令其他女孩都生气了。 当我正在做张老师布置的家庭作业的时候，那个非常高的戴着用草做的帽子的男孩给了那个要很快去北京的女孩了一个盒子，盒子正飘在我老师去年挖河面上，男孩给女孩盒子这事情让其他女孩都生气了。 二、五大句型的构成 谓语--动词：实义动词、非实义动词 实义动词：及物动词、不及物动词 非实义动词：be动词、感官动词、变化系动词、持续系动词、 表象系动词、终止系动词 一、实义动词 （一）不及物动词不涉及，不需要跟着物的动词 主语加不及物动词后，句子意思已经很完整，无需添加其他物体。 我（ ）他。他被我（ ）。 Birds fly. We run. 主谓结构 He cried. （二）及物动词 I love you. He has a box. 主谓宾结构 You made a cake. 主语+及物动词+宾语，句子意思才完整。 I gave you an apple.主谓双宾结构主语+及物动词+双宾语（人+物）， He told me a story. 句子意思才完整。 主谓双宾中动词为给予动词。 I made him angry.主谓宾补结构主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（宾补是补充说明宾语的）， I found Beijing nice. 句子意思才完整。主谓宾补中动词为使役动词。 二、非实义动词 （一）be动词 I am a teacher.a teacher是表语，表语是对主语的表示说明 He will be happy.will是助动词，动词是be,谓语动词是will be She was a nurse. 主语+系动词+表语 主系表结构 注意：只有be动词为谓语动词的时候才是主系表，He is singing.不是主系表，是主谓结构，is singing是现在进行时，是谓语的一部分，是时态，is是助动词。 （二）感官动词look看起来smell闻起来taste尝起来 feel感觉起来sound听起来 注意：必须是...起来 ，主系表结构。而He is looking at me.是主谓宾结构He looks happy. looks可以换成is来理解，He is happy. happy不是宾语，它是形容词，宾语不能是形容词，它和主语一样具有名词性成分。 The food tastes good.The food is good. The music sounds nice.The music is nice. （三）变化系动词 become grow turn get go 注意：必须翻译成：变得,能和be动词进行意思上的切换， 是主系表结构。 He become mad. He is mad. The leaf turned yellow. The was yellow. He gets angry. He is angry. The milk has gone bad. The milk is bad. （四）持续系动词keep remain stay lie 注意：翻译成保持主系表结构 He keeps silent. He is silent. The story remains a mystery. The story is a mystery. The shop lies on the bank. The shop is on the bank. Anderson stayed single. Anderson was single. （五）表象系动词seem（似乎）appear（表现出） 注意：表现出是...的样子主系表结构 He seems happy.He is happy. He appears very sad.He is very sad. （六）终止系动词 prove turn out 注意：证明，证实主系表结构 The rumor proved false. The rumor is false. The search proved difficult. The search is difficult. His plan turned out a success. His plan is a success. 成功是对他计划的表示说明。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $