摘要:
该初中英语Unit 3词汇短语梳理清单系统整合了“Same or different?”主题下的41个核心词与短语,涵盖名词、动词、形容词、副词及固定搭配等语言要素,构建了从单词认知到语境运用的完整学习支架,助力学生实现从机械记忆到意义理解的进阶。
清单通过分类归纳、层级标注和多维关联呈现知识体系,如将“difference”“alike”“similarly”等高频词按词性、派生关系归类,并用“词根词缀法”“谐音联想”“场景联想”等技巧强化记忆,体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设计“核心考点提示”和“例句应用说明”,如“thanks to”标注其在因果逻辑中的作用,“silver lining”附带谚语解析,帮助学生建立跨文化意识。此类实用工具既方便学生自主复习,也便于教师精准施教,提升课堂效率与学习深度。
内容正文:
人教版八上Unit 3 Same or different? Section B 词汇短语梳理背记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
单词速记
核心考点
例句
1
difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差异
复数:differences
different adj. 不同的
词根词缀法:differ(v. 不同)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 差异
1. the difference between A and B(A和B之间的差异)2. make a difference(有影响,起作用)
1. There is a big difference between the two books.(这两本书之间有很大差异。)2. Your help will make a big difference to the project.(你的帮助会对这个项目产生很大影响。)
2
alike /əˈlaɪk/ adj. 相像的;adv. 相似地
1. 形容词:无比较级/最高级(常用more alike, most alike表比较)2. 副词:无比较级/最高级(常用more alike, most alike表比较)
N/A
合成法:a-(加强语气)+ like(prep. 像)→ 相像的;相似地
1. look alike(看起来相像)2. think alike(想法相似)
1. The two sisters look very alike.(这对姐妹看起来很相像。)2. They often dress alike and talk alike.(他们经常穿得相似,说话也相似。)
3
mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子
复数:mirrors
N/A
发音联想:“米若”→ 镜子能照出“米粒”大小的细微影像,辅助记忆
1. look in the mirror(照镜子)2. a plane mirror(平面镜)
1. She stood in front of the mirror and combed her hair.(她站在镜子前梳头发。)2. The mirror on the wall is very clean.(墙上的镜子很干净。)
4
interest /ˈɪntrest/ n. 业余爱好;兴趣;v. 使感兴趣
1. 名词:复数interests2. 动词:过去式/过去分词interested
1. interesting adj. 有趣的(修饰事物)2. interested adj. 感兴趣的(修饰人)
谐音联想:“因垂思特”→ 对某事“因”为“垂思”而“特”别关注,即有兴趣
1. take an interest in(对……感兴趣)2. be interested in(对……感兴趣)3. interest sb(使某人感兴趣)
1. He takes a great interest in playing basketball.(他对打篮球有浓厚的兴趣。)2. The story interested all the children in the class.(这个故事让班里所有孩子都感兴趣。)
5
novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说
复数:novels
N/A
词根联想:nov(词根,表“新的”)→ 小说常讲述“新”的故事,辅助记忆
1. read a novel(读一本小说)2. a detective novel(一本侦探小说)
1. My mother gave me a new novel as my birthday gift.(妈妈给了我一本新小说作为生日礼物。)2. He spent three months writing this short novel.(他花了三个月写这本短篇小说。)
6
sense /sens/ n. 理解力;感觉;v. 意识到;感觉到
1. 名词:复数senses2. 动词:过去式/过去分词sensed
1. sensible adj. 明智的;合理的2. sensitive adj. 敏感的
场景联想:“森斯”→ 森林里能感受到视觉、听觉等多种“感觉”,辅助记忆
1. make sense(有意义;讲得通)2. sense sth(意识到某事)3. a sense of humor(幽默感)
1. His explanation doesn't make sense to me.(他的解释我听不懂。)2. She sensed that something was wrong with her son.(她意识到儿子有点不对劲。)
7
humour /ˈhjuːmə(r)/ (= humor) n. 幽默;幽默感
复数:humours(英式)/ humors(美式)
humorous adj. 幽默的;风趣的
谐音联想:“哈莫”→ 听到“幽默”的内容会“哈”哈笑,辅助记忆
1. have a sense of humour(有幽默感)2. black humour(黑色幽默)
1. My father has a good sense of humour and often tells jokes.(我爸爸很有幽默感,经常讲笑话。)2. The film uses a lot of humour to make audiences laugh.(这部电影用了很多幽默元素让观众发笑。)
8
thanks to 归功于;由于;因为
(短语,无词形变化)
N/A
拆分记忆:thanks(感谢)+ to(对……)→ 对某事“感谢”,即“归功于/由于”某事
thanks to sb/sth(归功于某人/某物;由于某人/某物)
1. Thanks to his help, I finished the homework on time.(多亏他的帮助,我按时完成了作业。)2. Thanks to the good weather, we had a great picnic.(由于天气好,我们的野餐很愉快。)
9
opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 看法;意见
复数:opinions
N/A
谐音联想:“哦皮宁”→ 每个人“哦”(发声)表达自己的“看法”,辅助记忆
1. in one's opinion(在某人看来)2. give one's opinion(发表某人的意见)3. a personal opinion(个人看法)
1. In my opinion, English is an important subject.(在我看来,英语是一门重要的学科。)2. She refused to give her opinion on this problem.(她拒绝就这个问题发表意见。)
10
make a mistake 犯错误
(短语,核心动词mistake复数:mistakes;make过去式/过去分词made)
N/A
拆分记忆:make(做)+ a mistake(一个错误)→ 做了一个错误的事,即“犯错误”
1. make a mistake in(在……方面犯错误)2. correct a mistake(纠正错误)3. make mistakes(犯错误,复数形式)
1. He often makes a mistake in spelling English words.(他经常在英语单词拼写上犯错误。)2. You should correct the mistake before handing in the paper.(你应该在交卷前纠正这个错误。)
11
less /les/ adj. 较少的;更少的;adv. 较少地;更少地;pron. 较少;更少
1. 形容词/副词:是little的比较级,最高级least2. 代词:无复数
N/A
谐音联想:“莱斯”→ “较少的”东西,数量“莱斯”(不多),辅助记忆
1. less than(少于)2. no less than(不少于;多达)3. less and less(越来越少)
1. There is less water in this bottle than in that one.(这个瓶子里的水比那个瓶子里的少。)2. He spends less time playing games than before.(他现在花在玩游戏上的时间比以前少了。)
12
straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ adj. 坦率的;简单的
比较级:more straightforward;最高级:most straightforward
N/A
合成法:straight(adj. 直的)+ forward(adj. 向前的)→ “直着向前”的态度即“坦率的”,“直着向前”的问题即“简单的”
1. a straightforward person(一个坦率的人)2. a straightforward problem(一个简单的问题)
1. She is a straightforward girl and always says what she thinks.(她是个坦率的女孩,总是说出自己的想法。)2. This math problem is straightforward and easy to solve.(这道数学题很简单,容易解答。)
13
honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的;诚实的
比较级:more honest;最高级:most honest
honesty n. 诚实;坦诚
谐音联想:“奥内斯特”→ “诚实”的人,品性“奥内斯特”(正直),辅助记忆
1. be honest with sb(对某人坦诚)2. to be honest(说实话;老实说)3. an honest man(一个诚实的人)
1. You should be honest with your parents about your study.(你应该在学习方面对父母坦诚。)2. To be honest, I don't like this kind of food.(说实话,我不喜欢这种食物。)
14
direct /dəˈrekt; daɪˈrekt/ adj. 率直的;直接的;v. 指导;导演
1. 形容词:比较级more direct;最高级most direct2. 动词:过去式/过去分词directed
1. direction n. 方向;指示2. director n. 导演;指导者
谐音联想:“迪瑞克特”→ 说话“迪瑞克特”(不绕弯)即“率直的”,辅助记忆
1. be direct with sb(对某人率直)2. direct sb to do sth(指导某人做某事)3. a direct flight(直达航班)
1. He is direct with everyone and never hides his feelings.(他对所有人都很率直,从不隐藏情绪。)2. The teacher directed the students to finish the task in groups.(老师指导学生分组完成任务。)
15
similarity /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ n. 相似之处
复数:similarities
similar adj. 相似的
词根词缀法:similar(adj. 相似的)+ -ity(名词后缀)→ 相似之处
the similarity between A and B(A和B之间的相似之处)
1. There are many similarities between the two cities.(这两个城市之间有很多相似之处。)2. Can you find the similarity between these two paintings?(你能找出这两幅画之间的相似之处吗?)
16
friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊;友情
复数:friendships
N/A
合成法:friend(n. 朋友)+ -ship(名词后缀,表“关系”)→ 朋友之间的关系即“友谊”
1. value friendship(珍惜友谊)2. develop a friendship(发展友谊)3. a strong friendship(深厚的友谊)
1. We have kept our friendship for more than ten years.(我们的友谊已经维持了十多年。)2. Helping each other can develop a good friendship.(互相帮助能发展良好的友谊。)
17
metre /ˈmiːtə(r)/ (= meter) n. 米(长度单位)
复数:metres(英式)/ meters(美式)
metric adj. 公制的;米制的
谐音联想:“米特”→ 长度单位“米”,发音“米特”,直接记忆
1. a metre long(一米长)2. three metres high(三米高)3. square metre(平方米)
1. The desk is about one metre wide.(这张桌子大约一米宽。)2. The tree in front of our house is over five metres tall.(我们家门前的树有五米多高。)
18
prince /prɪns/ n. 王子
复数:princes
princess n. 公主
谐音联想:“普林斯”→ “王子”的英文发音“普林斯”,直接记忆
the prince of a country(一个国家的王子)
1. The prince will visit our city next month.(王子下个月将访问我们的城市。)2. She read a story about a brave prince yesterday.(她昨天读了一个关于勇敢王子的故事。)
19
character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. 人物;个性
复数:characters
characteristic adj. 典型的;特有的;n. 特征;特点
谐音联想:“凯瑞克特”→ 小说里的“人物”有独特“个性”,发音“凯瑞克特”,辅助记忆
1. a main character(主要人物)2. a strong character(坚强的个性)3. character traits(性格特点)
1. Tom Sawyer is a famous character in Mark Twain's novels.(汤姆·索亚是马克·吐温小说里的著名人物。)2. Her kind character makes her popular with everyone.(她善良的个性让她受到所有人的喜欢。)
20
pauper /ˈpɔːpə(r)/ n. 贫民;乞丐
复数:paupers
N/A
谐音联想:“泡珀”→ “贫民”生活“泡”在艰苦环境中,辅助记忆
a poor pauper(贫穷的贫民)
1. In the old story, the prince lived like a pauper for a year.(在这个古老的故事里,王子像贫民一样生活了一年。)2. The kind woman often gave food to the pauper on the street.(这个善良的女人经常给街上的乞丐食物。)
21
exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ v. & n. 交换
1. 动词:过去式/过去分词exchanged2. 名词:复数exchanges
exchangeable adj. 可交换的
词根词缀法:ex-(出)+ change(v. 改变;交换)→ 把东西“换出去”即“交换”
1. exchange sth with sb(和某人交换某物)2. exchange students(交换生)3. an exchange of ideas(思想交流)
1. I exchanged my pen with her for a notebook.(我用我的钢笔和她换了一个笔记本。)2. Our school has an exchange program with a school in Canada.(我们学校和加拿大的一所学校有交换项目。)
22
accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 意外;(交通)事故
复数:accidents
accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的
谐音联想:“爱克西德恩特”→ “事故”是“意外”发生的,发音“爱克西德恩特”,辅助记忆
1. a traffic accident(交通事故)2. by accident(偶然;意外地)3. avoid an accident(避免事故)
1. He was hurt in a traffic accident last week.(他上周在一场交通事故中受伤了。)2. I found this old photo by accident when cleaning the room.(我打扫房间时偶然发现了这张旧照片。)
23
by accident 偶然;意外地
(短语,无词形变化)
N/A
拆分记忆:by(通过……方式)+ accident(n. 意外)→ 通过“意外”的方式,即“偶然”
by accident(偶然;意外地)
1. She met her old classmate by accident in the supermarket.(她在超市偶然遇到了老同学。)2. The door opened by accident because of the wind.(门因为风意外地开了。)
24
expect /ɪkˈspekt/ v. 预料;期待
过去式/过去分词:expected
expectation n. 期待;期望
词根词缀法:ex-(出)+ pect(联想“盼”)→ “盼”着某事发生,即“期待/预料”
1. expect to do sth(期待做某事)2. expect sb to do sth(预料某人做某事)3. as expected(正如预料的那样)
1. We expect to visit the museum next weekend.(我们期待下周末去参观博物馆。)2. Parents expect their children to study hard.(父母期待他们的孩子努力学习。)
25
silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ adj. 银色的;n. 银(金属)
1. 形容词:无比较级/最高级2. 名词:复数silvers(表“银器”时)
N/A
颜色联想:“西尔弗”→ “银色”的发音“西尔弗”,直接关联颜色记忆
1. a silver ring(银戒指)2. silver hair(银发)3. silverware(银器)
1. She wore a beautiful silver necklace at the party.(她在派对上戴了一条漂亮的银项链。)2. His hair turned silver when he was sixty.(他六十岁时头发变成了银色。)
26
lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ n. 内衬
复数:linings
line v. 排队;划线;n. 线;线条
词根词缀法:line(n. 线;层)+ -ing(名词后缀)→ 衣物内层的“线/层”即“内衬”
the lining of a coat(外套的内衬)
1. The lining of this jacket is made of cotton.(这件夹克的内衬是棉质的。)2. She sewed the broken lining of her bag yesterday.(她昨天缝好了包破了的内衬。)
27
silver lining 一线光明;困境中的希望
(短语,无词形变化)
N/A
比喻记忆:silver(银色的,象征“光明”)+ lining(内衬,象征“隐藏的希望”)→ 困境中“隐藏的光明”即“一线光明”
Every cloud has a silver lining.(黑暗中总有一线光明。/ 天无绝人之路。)
1. Even though he lost his job, there is a silver lining—he can now study what he likes.(虽然他失业了,但也有一线光明——他现在可以学习自己喜欢的东西了。)2. The teacher told us "Every cloud has a silver lining" when we failed the exam.(我们考试失利时,老师告诉我们“黑暗中总有一线光明”。)
28
situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 情况;状况
复数:situations
N/A
词根词缀法:situate(v. 使位于;使处于)+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 事物“所处的状态”即“情况”
1. in a difficult situation(处于困境中)2. improve the situation(改善状况)3. analyze the situation(分析情况)
1. We need to think of a way to get out of this difficult situation.(我们需要想办法摆脱这个困境。)2. The situation in the area has become better in recent years.(这个地区的状况近年来变好了。)
29
care about 关心;担心
(短语,无词形变化,核心动词care过去式/过去分词cared)
N/A
拆分记忆:care(v. 关心)+ about(prep. 关于)→ 对某人/某事“关心”,即“在乎”
care about sb/sth(关心某人/某事;在乎某人/某事)
1. My mother always cares about my health.(妈妈总是关心我的健康。)2. He doesn't care about what others think of him.(他不在乎别人怎么看他。)
30
reach /riːtʃ/ v. 伸手;到达
过去式/过去分词:reached
reachable adj. 可到达的
谐音联想:“瑞奇”→ “到达”某地,发音“瑞奇”,辅助记忆
1. reach sp(到达某地,sp为地点名词,不加to)2. reach for sth(伸手触碰某物)3. reach an agreement(达成协议)
1. We will reach Beijing at 8 o'clock this evening.(我们今晚8点将到达北京。)2. She reached for the book on the top shelf but couldn't get it.(她伸手去拿顶层书架上的书,但够不到。)
31
reach for 伸手触碰
(短语,无词形变化,核心动词reach过去式/过去分词reached)
N/A
拆分记忆:reach(v. 伸手)+ for(prep. 为了)→ 为了拿到某物而“伸手”,即“伸手触碰”
reach for sth(伸手触碰某物;伸手去拿某物)
1. He reached for his phone as soon as it rang.(电话一响,他就伸手去拿手机。)2. The child reached for the candy on the table.(孩子伸手去拿桌子上的糖果。)
32
touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触动;触碰;n. 触摸;触感
1. 动词:过去式/过去分词touched2. 名词:复数touches
1. touching adj. 感人的(修饰事物)2. touched adj. 受感动的(修饰人)
谐音联想:“塔奇”→ “触碰”某物,发音“塔奇”,辅助记忆
1. touch sb's heart(触动某人的心)2. keep in touch with(与……保持联系)3. a light touch(轻轻一触)
1. The moving story touched the hearts of all the audience.(这个感人的故事触动了所有观众的心。)2. We keep in touch with each other by phone.(我们通过电话保持联系。)
33
lend (sb) a hand 帮助(某人)
(短语,核心动词lend过去式/过去分词lent)
N/A
比喻记忆:lend(v. 借)+ (sb) a hand(一只手)→ 借“一只手”给某人,即“帮助某人”
lend (sb) a hand(帮助某人,相当于help sb)
1. Can you lend me a hand with carrying these boxes?(你能帮我搬这些箱子吗?)2. He always lends a hand to people in need.(他总是帮助有需要的人。)
34
Julie /ˈdʒuːli/ 朱莉(人名)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“朱莉”
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Julie is my deskmate and we often study together.(朱莉是我的同桌,我们经常一起学习。)2. I went to the park with Julie last Sunday.(上周日我和朱莉去了公园。)
35
Vancouver /ˌvænˈkuːvə(r)/ 温哥华(加拿大城市)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“温哥华”+ 关联“加拿大城市”
N/A(地名无固定搭配考点)
1. Vancouver is a beautiful city in western Canada.(温哥华是加拿大西部的一座美丽城市。)2. My uncle works in Vancouver and he likes living there.(我叔叔在温哥华工作,他喜欢住在那里。)
36
Matt /mæt/ 马特(人名)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“马特”
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Matt is good at playing football and he is on the school team.(马特擅长踢足球,他是校队成员。)2. I received a letter from Matt yesterday.(昨天我收到了马特的一封信。)
37
Stephen /ˈstiːvn/ 斯蒂芬(人名)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“斯蒂芬”
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Stephen helped me fix my computer when it broke down.(我的电脑坏了,斯蒂芬帮我修好了。)2. Stephen and his family will move to Shanghai next year.(斯蒂芬和他的家人明年将搬到上海。)
38
Diana /daɪˈænə/ 戴安娜(人名)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“戴安娜”
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Diana likes painting and her works are very beautiful.(戴安娜喜欢画画,她的作品很漂亮。)2. I met Diana for the first time at a friend's party.(我在朋友的派对上第一次见到戴安娜。)
39
Edward /ˈedwəd/ 爱德华(人名)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“爱德华”
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Edward reads a lot of books and knows many things.(爱德华读了很多书,懂得很多知识。)2. Edward invited me to his birthday party next week.(爱德华邀请我下周去参加他的生日派对。)
40
Mark Twain /tweɪn/ 马克·吐温(人名,美国作家)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“马克·吐温”+ 关联“美国作家”
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Mark Twain is a famous American writer who wrote many classic novels.(马克·吐温是美国著名作家,写了很多经典小说。)2. We learned a story by Mark Twain in our English class.(我们在英语课上学了马克·吐温写的一个故事。)
41
Rose /rəʊz/ 罗丝(人名)
(专有名词,无复数;无词性变化)
N/A
音译记忆:直接记中文译名“罗丝”,可关联“玫瑰(rose n.)”辅助记忆
N/A(人名无固定搭配考点)
1. Rose cooks very well and often makes delicious food for us.(罗丝做饭很好吃,经常给我们做美味的食物。)2. Rose and I have been good friends since primary school.(罗丝和我从小学起就是好朋友。)
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