内容正文:
人教版八上Unit 3 Same or different? Section A 词汇短语梳理背记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
单词速记
核心考点
例句
1
compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较;对比 p.21
过去式:compared;过去分词:compared;现在分词:comparing
comparison n. 比较;对比
拆分法:com-(共同)+pare(平等)→ 共同平等看待→比较
1. compare A with B(把A和B比较)2. compare A to B(把A比作B)
1. Many students like to compare their grades with others.(很多学生喜欢把自己的成绩和别人比较。)2. People often compare life to a journey.(人们常把人生比作一段旅程。)
2
shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的 p.22
比较级:shyer/shier;最高级:shyest/shiest;副词:shyly
shyness n. 害羞;腼腆
联想记忆:害羞(shy)的人说话会“失(shi)言(y)”
be shy of doing sth(害怕做某事)
1. The little girl is shy of talking to strangers.(这个小女孩害怕和陌生人说话。)2. He became less shy after joining the club.(加入俱乐部后,他不那么害羞了。)
3
lazy /ˈleɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的;懒洋洋的 p.22
比较级:lazier;最高级:laziest;副词:lazily
laziness n. 懒惰
发音联想:“累(lazy)就躺”→ 懒惰的
be lazy about doing sth(做某事偷懒)
1. Don’t be lazy about your homework.(别在作业上偷懒。)2. My cat is lazy and sleeps all day.(我的猫很懒,整天睡觉。)
4
outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的 p.22
比较级:more outgoing;最高级:most outgoing
N/A
拆分法:out(向外)+going(走)→ 向外走→外向的
be outgoing(性格外向)
1. She is an outgoing girl who makes friends easily.(她是个外向的女孩,很容易交到朋友。)2. My brother is more outgoing than me.(我哥哥比我外向。)
5
hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的 p.22
比较级:more hard-working;最高级:most hard-working
N/A
组合法:hard(努力地)+working(工作)→ 努力工作的→勤奋的
be hard-working(勤奋的)
1. He is a hard-working student and always gets good grades.(他是个勤奋的学生,总是取得好成绩。)2. Her hard-working spirit is worth learning.(她的勤奋精神值得学习。)
6
perform /pəˈfɔːm/ v. 表演;执行 p.22
过去式:performed;过去分词:performed;现在分词:performing
1. performance n. 表演;演出2. performer n. 表演者
联想记忆:“泼(per)墨(form)”→ 舞台上泼墨是表演
1. perform a play(表演一出戏)2. perform a task(执行一项任务)
1. The band will perform at the concert tonight.(这支乐队今晚将在音乐会上表演。)2. She performed her duties well.(她出色地完成了自己的职责。)
7
alone /əˈləʊn/ adv. & adj. 独自;单独 p.22
无比较级/最高级(adj. 时表“独自的”,不表“孤独的”)
loneliness n. 孤独;寂寞(由lonely派生,非alone)
发音联想:“饿(a)了(lone)”→ 独自在家会饿
1. be alone(独自的)2. live alone(独自居住)3. do sth alone(独自做某事)
1. She likes to walk alone in the park.(她喜欢独自在公园里散步。)2. He was alone at home yesterday.(昨天他独自在家。)
8
solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决;解答 p.22
过去式:solved;过去分词:solved;现在分词:solving
solution n. 解决办法;答案
联想记忆:“扫(sol)除(ve)”→ 扫除问题→解决
1. solve a problem(解决问题)2. solve a math problem(解答数学题)
1. We need to find a way to solve this problem.(我们需要找到解决这个问题的方法。)2. He solved the difficult math problem quickly.(他很快解出了这道难题。)
9
flute /fluːt/ n. 长笛 p.22
复数:flutes
N/A
发音联想:“浮(flu)提(te)”→ 提着长笛演奏
play the flute(吹长笛)
1. She has learned to play the flute for three years.(她学吹长笛已经三年了。)2. His father bought him a new flute last week.(他爸爸上周给他买了一支新长笛。)
10
congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃn/ n. 祝贺;恭喜 p.23
常用复数:congratulations
congratulate v. 祝贺;恭喜
拆分法:congrat(祝贺)+ulation(名词后缀)→ 祝贺
offer congratulations to sb(向某人表示祝贺)
1. We offered our congratulations to her on her success.(我们为她的成功向她表示祝贺。)2. His achievements got many congratulations.(他的成就获得了很多祝贺。)
11
Congratulations (on ...) ! (对……表示)祝贺! p.23
N/A
N/A
场景记忆:获奖、升学时常用的表达
Congratulations on sth/doing sth(因某事/做某事表示祝贺)
1. Congratulations on your passing the exam!(祝贺你通过考试!)2. Congratulations on winning the competition!(祝贺你赢得比赛!)
12
prize /praɪz/ n. 奖;奖励 p.23
复数:prizes;动词:prize v. 珍视(初中不常考)
N/A
联想记忆:“派(pri)子(ze)”→ 得奖了给孩子派奖品
1. win a prize(获奖)2. get a prize for sth(因某事获得奖励)
1. She won first prize in the singing competition.(她在歌唱比赛中获得了一等奖。)2. He got a prize for his good behavior at school.(他因在学校表现好获得了奖励。)
13
attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加;出席 p.23
过去式:attended;过去分词:attended;现在分词:attending
attendance n. 出席;参加
拆分法:at(在)+tend(趋向)→ 趋向某个场合→参加
1. attend a meeting(参加会议)2. attend school(上学)3. attend a party(参加派对)
1. My parents will attend the parent-teacher meeting tomorrow.(我父母明天会参加家长会。)2. He didn’t attend the class because he was ill.(他因为生病没上课。)
14
as ... as ... 像……一样…… p.23
N/A
N/A
结构记忆:“as+原级+as”,中间用形容词/副词原级
1. as+形容词/副词原级+as ...(和……一样……)2. not as/so ... as ...(不如……)
1. This box is as heavy as that one.(这个盒子和那个一样重。)2. He doesn’t run as fast as his brother.(他跑得不如他哥哥快。)
15
besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep. 除……之外(还);adv. 而且 p.23
N/A
N/A
对比记忆:besides(除……之外还,包含);except(除……之外,不包含)
1. (prep.)besides sth/sb(除……之外(还))2. (adv.)besides(而且,用于句末/句中)
1. Besides English, he also learns French.(除了英语,他还学法语。)2. The house is big. Besides, it’s in a good location.(这房子很大,而且位置很好。)
16
spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的;备用的;v. 抽出;拨出 p.23
过去式(v.):spared;过去分词(v.):spared;现在分词(v.):sparing
N/A
联想记忆:“闲(spare)钱”→ 空闲的钱;“抽(spare)时间”→ 抽出时间
1. (adj.)spare time(空闲时间);spare parts(备用零件)2. (v.)spare sth(抽出某物);spare sb sth(给某人抽出某物)
1. Do you have any spare time to help me?(你有空闲时间帮我吗?)2. Can you spare me a pen?(你能给我抽出一支笔吗?)
17
pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事;愉快;荣幸 p.23
复数:pleasures
1. please v. 使高兴;请2. pleased adj. 高兴的3. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的
词根记忆:pleas(愉快)+ure(名词后缀)→ 愉快
1. It’s a pleasure.(不客气,用于回答感谢)2. with pleasure(乐意,用于答应请求)3. take pleasure in doing sth(乐于做某事)
1. —Thank you for your help. —It’s a pleasure.(—谢谢你的帮助。—不客气。)2. I take pleasure in reading books in my spare time.(我喜欢在空闲时间看书。)
18
have sth in common 有共同之处 p.24
N/A
N/A
短语记忆:“in common”表示“共同的”,整体意为“有共同的东西”
have sth in common(有共同之处);have nothing in common(没有共同之处)
1. My best friend and I have many hobbies in common.(我和我最好的朋友有很多共同的爱好。)2. They have nothing in common, so they seldom talk.(他们没有共同之处,所以很少说话。)
19
appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外表;露面 p.23
复数:appearances
appear v. 出现;显得
拆分法:appear(出现)+ance(名词后缀)→ 出现的样子→外表
1. physical appearance(外貌)2. make an appearance(露面;出场)
1. We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance.(我们不应该以貌取人。)2. The famous star made an appearance at the party.(那位明星在派对上露了面。)
20
personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格;品质 p.24
复数:personalities
personal adj. 个人的;私人的
拆分法:personal(个人的)+ity(名词后缀)→ 个人的特质→性格
N/A(无固定搭配,侧重“性格”含义考查)
1. She has a friendly and outgoing personality.(她性格友好且外向。)2. Different people have different personalities.(不同的人有不同的性格。)
21
serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的;严重的 p.24
比较级:more serious;最高级:most serious;副词:seriously
seriousness n. 严肃性;严重性
联想记忆:“思(se)考(rious)”→ 思考时表情严肃
1. be serious about sth(对某事认真)2. a serious problem(严重的问题)
1. He is serious about his work.(他对工作很认真。)2. The flood caused a serious disaster.(洪水造成了严重的灾害。)
22
strength /streŋθ/ n. 优势;力量 p.24
复数:strengths(表“优势”时)
strong adj. 强壮的;强烈的
词根记忆:strong(强壮的)→ 去“g”加“th”→ 力量
1. physical strength(体力)2. one’s strengths(某人的优势)
1. He has the strength to lift this heavy box.(他有力量举起这个重箱子。)2. Speaking English is one of her strengths.(说英语是她的优势之一。)
23
slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的;薄的 p.25
比较级:slimmer;最高级:slimmest;动词:slim v. 变苗条(初中不常考)
N/A
发音联想:“细(slim)长”→ 苗条的;薄的
be slim(苗条的;薄的)
1. She keeps fit and looks slim.(她保持健康,看起来很苗条。)2. This book has a slim cover.(这本书的封面很薄。)
24
fact /fækt/ n. 事实;现实 p.25
复数:facts
factual adj. 事实的;真实的(初中不常考)
联想记忆:“事(fact)实”发音相近
1. in fact(事实上;实际上)2. the fact that...(……的事实)
1. In fact, he is good at playing basketball.(事实上,他擅长打篮球。)2. We all know the fact that the earth goes around the sun.(我们都知道地球绕着太阳转的事实。)
25
population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 人口 p.25
不可数名词(表整体时);表“部分人口”时用“a part of the population”
populate v. 居住于(初中不常考)
拆分法:popul(人民)+ation(名词后缀)→ 人民的数量→人口
1. the population of...(……的人口)2. have a large/small population(人口多/少)
1. What’s the population of China?(中国的人口是多少?)2. This city has a large population.(这座城市人口很多。)
26
km (= kilometre /ˈkɪləmiːtə(r); kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/; kilometer) 千米;公里 p.25
复数:km(缩写不变);全称复数:kilometres/kilometers
N/A
缩写记忆:km是kilometre的缩写,“kilo-”表示“千”
N/A(侧重单位含义考查,无固定搭配)
1. The distance between my home and school is 5 km.(我家到学校的距离是5千米。)2. He runs 10 kilometres every morning.(他每天早上跑10公里。)
27
average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj. 平均的;平常的;n. 平均数;平均水准 p.25
动词:average v. 平均为(初中不常考)
N/A
联想记忆:“平(average)均”→ 平均的
1. (adj.)average temperature(平均温度);average life(平均寿命)2. (n.)on average(平均)
1. The average temperature in July is 30℃.(七月的平均温度是30摄氏度。)2. On average, we have two classes in the afternoon.(我们下午平均有两节课。)
28
rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ n. 降雨量 p.25
不可数名词
N/A
组合法:rain(雨)+fall(降落)→ 雨的降落量→降雨量
annual rainfall(年降雨量)
1. The annual rainfall in this area is very low.(这个地区的年降雨量很低。)2. We need to measure the rainfall this month.(我们需要测量这个月的降雨量。)
29
per /pə(r); pɜː(r)/ prep. 每 p.25
N/A
N/A
场景记忆:“每小时(per hour)”“每人(per person)”常用搭配
per day/week/month/year(每天/每周/每月/每年);per person(每人)
1. He earns 5000 yuan per month.(他每月挣5000元。)2. We need one book per student.(我们需要每个学生一本书。)
30
mm (= millimetre /ˈmɪlimiːtə(r)/; millimeter) 毫米 p.25
复数:mm(缩写不变);全称复数:millimetres/millimeters
N/A
缩写记忆:mm是millimetre的缩写,“milli-”表示“毫”
N/A(侧重单位含义考查,无固定搭配)
1. The thickness of this paper is 0.1 mm.(这张纸的厚度是0.1毫米。)2. This ruler can measure in centimetres and millimetres.(这把尺子可以用厘米和毫米测量。)
31
pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 宜人的;友好的 p.25
比较级:more pleasant;最高级:most pleasant;副词:pleasantly
1. please v. 使高兴;请2. pleasure n. 愉快;乐事
词根记忆:pleas(愉快)+ant(形容词后缀)→ 令人愉快的→宜人的
be pleasant to do sth(做某事很愉快);a pleasant day(宜人的一天)
1. It’s a pleasant day for a walk.(今天是散步的好天气。)2. She has a pleasant voice.(她的声音很悦耳。)
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