专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，四川专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·四川巴中南江县实验中学·期中) How would you survive without your smartphone? For many of us, it’s the device we’re most attracted to — looking at it hundreds of times a day. We depend on it to perform different tasks and to connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones? Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people should stop scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist and author Jean Twenge says, “we’re all guilty of habitually checking our phones if waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realizing that an hour has passed.” There’s even a word — a phubber — to describe a person who ignores the real people around them because they are concentrating on their phones. But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like a drug, the problem arises when it is taken away. A study from King’s College London found young people they studied couldn’t control the amount of time they spent on their phone. Such addictive behavior means that people become anxious or upset if they are refused constant access, which can cause anxiety and mental health issues. Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics and Political Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones because we are encouraged by a text or e-mail. The people they studied felt natural to interact with their phones, just as a smoker would light a cigarette. Prof. Saadi Lahlou, co-author of the study, told the BBC, “We must learn tricks to avoid the temptation (诱惑) when we want to concentrate or have good social relations.” One solution could be an app that rewards students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to an ordinary phone that has none of the distractions (分心事) on it. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world! 1．What did Martin Cooper suggest people do? A．Learn tricks to avoid the temptation. B．Enjoy life by stopping the habit of scrolling. C．Change their smartphones to ordinary phones. D．Use an app that rewards them for less phone use. 2．Why do people feel ashamed after checking their phones? A．For not being productive enough. B．For missing important texts or calls. C．For using their phones for a long time. D．For not being able to connect with others. 3．What does the study from King’s College London imply? A．The young shouldn’t use their phones. B．Using phones leads the young to be anxious. C．Curing phone addiction is not an easy job. D．Young people can’t survive without phones. 4．What is the main message of the text? A．Smartphones are essential for modern life. B．Smartphones have a certain impact on mental health. C．The inventor of the mobile phone should be punished. D．People should avoid their addiction to smart phones. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了现代人对智能手机的依赖及其潜在的负面影响，旨在提醒读者注意智能手机成瘾的危害，并倡导合理使用手机，保持健康的生活方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people should stop scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”.(在BBC采访中，他建议人们应该停止刷屏，去“享受生活”)”可知，Martin Cooper建议人们通过停止刷屏的习惯来享受生活。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中Jean Twenge的话“we’re all guilty of habitually checking our phones if waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realizing that an hour has passed.(我们都会习惯性地查看手机，比如等短信，或者进入社交媒体，然后抬头发现一个小时已经过去了，我们都对此感到内疚)”可推知，人们在长时间使用手机后会感到羞愧，因为他们意识到自己浪费了大量时间。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A study from King’s College London found young people they studied couldn’t control the amount of time they spent on their phone. Such addictive behavior means that people become anxious or upset if they are refused constant access, which can cause anxiety and mental health issues.(伦敦国王学院的一项研究发现，他们研究的年轻人无法控制花在手机上的时间。这种成瘾行为意味着，如果被拒绝持续使用手机，人们会变得焦虑或不安，这可能导致焦虑和心理健康问题)”可推知，这项研究暗示年轻人很难控制自己使用手机的时间，戒除手机成瘾并不容易。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“How would you survive  without your smartphone? For many of us, it’s the device we’re most  attracted to — looking at it hundreds of times a day. We depend on it to  perform different tasks and to connect with our friends and family. But  have we become addicted to our phones?(如果没有智能手机，你会怎么生活？对我们中的许多人来说，它是最吸引我们的设备——每天看它几百次。我们依靠它来完成不同的任务，并与我们的朋友和家人联系。但是我们已经对手机上瘾了吗？)”及最后一段中的“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!(但主要是，也许我们只需要多抬头，与现实世界重新连接！)”可知，文章主要传达的信息是人们应该避免对智能手机的上瘾。故选D项。 Passage 2 (23-24高二上·四川成都石室中学·期中) When I teach yoga (瑜伽), I usually announce “Phones off and at the back of the room” at the beginning of class. Recently, I forgot and had to whisper to a student texting during class to turn off her phone. She looked displeased but did so. But two days later, in another class, I was met with resistance from a young woman who completely refused. “But I’m on call. I might have to jump up and run out of class.” “Then maybe this isn’t the best place for you to be tonight.” That response got me an angry and unfriendly look. But when she came back the next week, there was no phone and she was much more present. Present is what I’m asking my students to be. Present to themselves and their yoga experience. You cannot be present to yoga if you are texting or emailing or anxiously awaiting a call. And neither can anyone around you. Definitely, if one phone is out, many pairs of eyes are drawn to it. And then other phones start to appear. Forget the fact that you’re missing the class you paid for; you’re at risk of losing your balance and hurting yourself or someone else due to inattention, or disturbing someone else’s moment of peace and stillness with the clicking of your keys. So please, do yourself and everyone around you, this teacher included, a favor and turn your phone off and put it away before you unroll your yoga mat. If you truly are on call, think hard before you come to class. Be present for yourself, wherever you need to be. 1．How does the author introduce her topic? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparison. C．By presenting the process. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 2. Why was the young woman angry with the author? A．Because she thought she was reasonable. B．Because she was brave enough to say no. C．Because she didn’t like the yoga class at all. D．Because the author was rude to her. 3. Which is Not the probable result of using phones in yoga class? A．Hurting yourself. B．Missing the class. C．Disturbing others. D．Getting others’ admiration. 4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To describe the situation of her yoga class. B．To explain her relationship with students. C．To show her opinion about using mobile phones. D．To stress the importance of being attentive in yoga class. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要通过一位女性拒绝瑜伽课关闭手机的事情介绍话题present，强调了瑜伽课上专心的重要性，不受手机影响，抓住正在发生的当前。 1．推理判断题。由文中第一段“When I teach yoga (瑜伽), I usually announce “Phones off and at the back of the room” at the beginning of class. Recently, I forgot and had to whisper to a student texting during class to turn off her phone…”（当我教瑜伽时，我通常会在上课开始时宣布“在教室后部放下电话”。最近，我忘记了，不得不在上课时向学生发短信以关闭手机。她看上去很不高兴，但确实如此。但是两天后，在另一堂课上，我遭到了一位完全拒绝的年轻女子的抵制。）可知，作者开篇通过一件具体的事件来讲述present话题，即举例子。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。文章第一至四段“I was met with resistance…That response got me an angry and unfriendly look.”（我遭到了一位完全拒绝的年轻女子的抵制。“我在打电话，而且我必须跳起来跑出教室了。那这可能不是你今晚要呆的地方。那样的反应使我生气又不友好。）可知，作者强调在瑜伽课上关闭手机被这位女性拒绝，她回答自己在打电话。可推知这位女性认为自己的行为没有什么不对的。即她认为自己的做法是合理的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。文章第五段“Definitely, if one phone is out, many pairs of eyes are drawn to it… disturbing someone else’s moment of peace and stillness with the clicking of your keys.”（如果一部手机出现，就会吸引很多双眼睛。然后其他电话开始出现。忘记这个事实你错过了付费课程。您可能会因为注意力不集中而失去平衡并伤害自己或其他人，或者通过单击键来打扰其他人的安宁与宁静时刻。）可知，D项“得到别人的赞赏”不是在瑜伽课上使用手机可能出现的结果。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。文章开篇由一个具体的例子讲述瑜伽课不允许使用手机引出话题。第五段“Present is what I’m asking my students to be. Present to themselves and their yoga experience.”（现在是我要我的学生做的。展示他们自己和他们的瑜伽体验。）具体阐释了什么是present以及为什么要关闭手机。第六段“do yourself and everyone around you, this teacher included, a favor and turn your phone off and put it away before you unroll your yoga mat.”（请您和您周围的所有人（包括这位老师在内）帮个忙，在您打开瑜伽垫之前，请关闭手机并放好。）可知是在强调瑜伽课关闭手机。所以目的是强调在瑜伽课上专心，不受手机的影响。故选D项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·四川成都金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中) We are in the midst of a battle for our attention. Our devices have affected our brains and destroyed our collective ability to concentrate. Journalist Johann Hair’s new book, Stolen Focus, has just joined the voices complaining about the great influence of the digital age. His and other recent books reflect a public perception that our focus is under attack. Indeed, in our new research, we found some clear concerns. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2, 093 UK adults last year. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn’t. And three quarters of participants agreed we’re living through a time when there’s non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets (渠道). There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s social media or the cheap paperback sensation novels of the 19th century. Even as far back as ancient Greece, the philosopher Socrates complained that the written words created “forgetfulness in our souls”. There has always been a tendency to fear the effects that new media and technologies will have on our minds. The reality is that we simply don’t have long-term studies that tell us whether our attention spans have actually shrunk. What we do know from our study is that people overestimate some of the problems. There’s no such thing as an average attention span. Our ability to focus varies hugely depending on the individual and the task at hand. It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life. Much of the public surveyed recognized these, so while half thought big tech and social media were ruining young people’s attention spans, roughly another half felt that being easily distracted was more to do with people’s personalities than any negative influence that technology may or may not have. Also, half of the public believed multitasking at work and switching frequently between emails, phone calls, and other tasks can create a more efficient and satisfactory work experience. 1．What might be the theme of the books mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．The main focus of social media. B．The great influence of public opinion. C．The attention crisis in the digital age. D．The fierce competition in the digital age. 2. What can we know about some of the participants in the new research? A．They were frequently disturbed by digital devices. B．They felt it hard to acquire useful information online. C．They had shorter attention spans than average people. D．They felt challenged by fierce competition from others. 3. Why does the author mention Socrates in Paragraph 3? A．To stress new cultural forms have limitations. B．To show worry about attention is an age-old problem. C．To prove the important role he played in literary history. D．To explain cultural differences between the past and the present. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People tend to overestimate their abilities. B．Digital distractions might have potential benefits. C．Technology’s benefits have been largely ignored. D．Switching between different tasks frequently is difficult. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了很多人抱怨新媒体和新技术让自己的注意力时间变短了，但是我们根本没有长期的研究来告诉我们，我们的注意力持续时间是否真的缩短了，而且不要忽视科技给我们生活带来的诸多好处。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“We are in the midst of a battle for our attention. Our devices have affected our brains and destroyed our collective ability to concentrate. Journalist Johann Hair’s new book, Stolen Focus, has just joined the voices complaining about the great influence of the digital age. His and other recent books reflect a public perception that our focus is under attack.(我们正处于一场争夺注意力的战斗中。我们的设备已经影响了我们的大脑，破坏了我们集中注意力的能力。记者约翰·海尔的新书《被偷走的焦点》刚刚加入了抱怨数字时代巨大影响的行列。他和其他最近出版的书反映了公众的一种看法，即我们的关注点正在受到攻击)”可推知，《被偷走的焦点》的主题应是数字时代的注意力危机。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2, 093 UK adults last year. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn’t. And three quarters of participants agreed we’re living through a time when there’s non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets (渠道).(我们在2021年调查了2093名英国成年人的全国代表性样本。一半的受访者觉得自己的注意力比以前更短了，而四分之一的人没有这种感觉。四分之三的参与者同意，我们正生活在一个各种媒体渠道和信息渠道之间不断竞争我们注意力的时代)”可知，他们四分之三的人同意我们正生活在一个各种媒体渠道和信息渠道之间不断竞争我们注意力的时代，所以是他们经常受到数码设备的干扰。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s social media or the cheap paperback sensation novels of the 19th century. Even as far back as ancient Greece, the philosopher Socrates complained that the written words created “forgetfulness in our souls”. There has always been a tendency to fear the effects that new media and technologies will have on our minds.(长期以来，人们一直担心新的文化形式会威胁人们的注意力，无论是社交媒体还是19世纪廉价的平装小说。早在古希腊，哲学家苏格拉底就抱怨说，书面文字造成了“我们灵魂中的健忘”。人们总是倾向于担心新媒体和新技术会对我们的思想产生影响)”可知，作者提到苏格拉底是为了表现出对注意力的担忧是一个古老的问题。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life. Much of the public surveyed recognized these, so while half thought big tech and social media were ruining young people’s attention spans, roughly another half felt that being easily distracted was more to do with people’s personalities than any negative influence that technology may or may not have. Also, half of the public believed multitasking at work and switching frequently between emails, phone calls, and other tasks can create a more efficient and satisfactory work experience.(同样重要的是，不要忽视科技给我们生活带来的诸多好处。大部分接受调查的公众都认识到了这一点，因此，虽然一半的人认为大型科技公司和社交媒体正在破坏年轻人的注意力持续时间，但大约有一半的人认为，容易分心更多地与人们的个性有关，而不是科技可能产生或不产生的任何负面影响。此外，一半的公众认为，在工作中多任务处理，在电子邮件、电话和其他任务之间频繁切换，可以创造更高效、更令人满意的工作体验)”可知，在最后一段作者讲述了科技带给我们的好处和便利，所以可推知数字干扰可能有潜在的好处。故选B项。 Passage 4 (24-25高二上·四川成都龙泉驿区东竞高中·期中) Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence, but one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not embrace the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield, argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, and have no reservations about children playing with dolls, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. “Human loneliness is often characterised by a down ward spiral (螺旋线) in which isolation leads to lower self-esteem (自尊), which discourages further interaction with people,” Prescott writes in a new book. The Psychology of Artificial Intelligence. “There may be ways in which AI companionship could help break this cycle by boosting feelings of self-worth and helping maintain or improve social skills. If so, relationships with AIs could support people to find companionship with human and artificial others.” With more than a third of Americans reporting “serious loneliness,” the loneliness problem has become evident in recent years. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Sherry Turkle, professor of social science at MIT, has warned that forming relationships with machines could backfire, and lead people to have fewer secure and fulfilling human relationships. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of medicine at Duke University, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” Researchers may soon know whether people turn to AI for company. Tech firms are building chatbots to be ever more fluent and responsive to emotions. This week, it emerged that OpenAI asked Scarlett Johansson to be the voice of their latest chatbot, GPT-4o, to “help consumers to feel comfortable”. Johansson declined, but the chatbot was released with a voice that friends and family thought was hers. OpenAI has since suspended (中止) the voice option “out of respect for Ms Johansson”. 1.What do the pets and dolls mentioned in Paragraph 2 help illustrate? A．The limitations of human-AI relationships in daily life. B．The potential for AI to provide similar companionship. C．The possibility for AI to replace traditional companions. D．The overestimation of AI’s role in ending human loneliness. 2. What do the underlined words “this cycle” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The repeated use of AI and others for companionship. B．The consistent failure of human relationships with AI. C．The process of developing human self-worth and social skills. D．The pattern of isolation, lower self-esteem and further isolation. 3. Who expresses concern that AI companionship could weaken human connections? A．Tony Prescott. B．Sherry Turkle. C．Murali Doraiswamy. D．Scarlett Johansson. 4. Which central question does the text mainly explore? A．Could AI contribute to increased loneliness? B．Will AI companionship replace human interaction? C．Can AI be used as an effective solution for loneliness? D．Is AI companionship preferable to traditional relationships? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人工智能伴侣是否能成为解决人类孤独感的有效方案，以及这一观点引发的不同看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield, argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, and have no reservations about children playing with dolls, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says.(University of Sheffield认知机器人教授Tony Prescott认为，人工智能在防止人类孤独感方面发挥着重要作用。他说，就像我们与宠物建立起有意义的纽带，对孩子玩洋娃娃毫无保留一样，我们也应该对人工智能对成年人的价值持开放态度。)”可知，第二段中提到的宠物和娃娃有助于说明人工智能提供类似陪伴的潜力。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Human loneliness is often characterised by a down ward spiral (螺旋线) in which isolation leads to lower self- esteem (自尊), which discourages further interaction with people(人类孤独的特征通常是螺旋式下降，在这种情况下，孤立会导致自尊降低，从而阻碍与他人的进一步互动)”可知，孤独感会导致一个向下的螺旋，即孤立导致自尊降低，进而阻碍与他人的进一步互动，因此this cycle指的是孤立，低自尊和进一步孤立的这种模式，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sherry Turkle, professor of social science at MIT, has warned that forming relationships with machines could backfire, and lead people to have fewer secure and fulfilling human relationships.(麻省理工学院（MIT）社会科学教授Sherry Turkle警告说，与机器建立关系可能会适得其反，导致人们的人际关系更缺少安全感和令人满意度。)”可知，Sherry Turkle表达了对AI陪伴可能降低人类关系质量的担忧。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield, argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness.(University of Sheffield认知机器人教授Tony Prescott认为，人工智能在防止人类孤独感方面发挥着重要作用。)”和第四段“Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate.  Sherry Turkle, professor of social science at MIT, has warned that forming relationships with machines could backfire, and lead people to have fewer secure and fulfilling human relationships.(人工智能是否可以或应该成为解决方案的一部分，并不是一个新的争论。麻省理工学院（MIT）社会科学教授Sherry Turkle警告说，与机器建立关系可能会适得其反，导致人们的人际关系更少安全和令人满意。)”可知，本文主要探讨了人工智能伴侣是否能成为解决人类孤独感的有效方案，以及这一观点引发的不同看法，因此这篇文章主要探讨的是人工智能能否有效解决孤独感。故选C。 Passage 5 (24-25高二上·四川内江翔龙中学·期中) There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants(移民)bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional cuisine. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some ingredients needed to make traditional cuisine may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell cuisine to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes to the original cuisine to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the cuisine. We should not only embrace our heritage through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such. 1. What’s the function of the traditional food? A．It helps motivate homesickness. B．It shows cultural identity. C．It reflects a country’s history. D．It shows a community’s superiority. 2. Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant? A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes. B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil. C．To make the dishes popular among customers. D．To present their own food culture in a new way. 3. What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures? A．Negative. B．Balanced. C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable. 4. Which column does the passage come from? A．Space B．Science C．Food D．Entertainment 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者从食物与文化关系的角度表达了自己的看法，作者认为传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，它也是一种文化身份的表达，食物是了解文化的窗口。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants(移民)bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.”（它也是一种文化认同的表达。移民无论走到哪里都会带着它，它象征着他们对自己的文化和应对乡愁的方式的自豪。）可知传统食品的功能在于它显示了文化认同。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell cuisine to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries.Therefore, they have to make small changes to the original cuisine to cater to a wider range of customers.  ”（此外，移民不仅向来自同一国家的人出售美食，还向来自不同国家的人销售美食。因此，他们不得不对原有的菜肴做一些小改动，以迎合更广泛的顾客。）可知一些移民不得不改变餐馆原有的菜肴，这是为了让菜肴在顾客中流行。故选C项。 3．观点态度题。根据最后一段“We should not only embrace our heritage through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”（我们不仅应该通过我们的文化食物来传承我们的传统，而且应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来更多地了解其他文化。）可知作者坚持平衡不同食物文化。故选B项。 4．文章出处题。根据文章大意，本文主要叙述了作者从食物与文化关系的角度表达了自己的看法，作者认为传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，它也是一种文化身份的表达，食物是了解文化的窗口。可知本文主题与食物有关。故选C项。 Passage 6 (24-25高二上·四川泸州龙马潭区·期中) Everyone feels like winding down in December. Even if you do not celebrate Christmas, the New Year is approaching and most people take a few days' break. In many workplaces this feeling of “mission accomplished” is accompanied by an established tradition: the office party. In boom (繁荣) times these can be truly lavish (奢侈的) affairs. A Bloomberg event in 2000 was said to have cost £ 1 m (then $ 1. 5m). Few companies today desire the publicity that tends to follow such an event. The natural question is, if you are spending that amount on a party, how much are you charging clients (客户)? Companies are rightly more sensitive than they were about the risks involved when workers lose their restraint (约束) after consuming too much alcohol. A survey of American companies found that 59% had discussed, or planned to discuss, the dangers of “inappropriate celebrating” with staff. To avoid these dangers, the chief operating officer of BDO, an accountancy firm, has suggested that two chaperones (陪同人员) attend seasonal celebrations. Other accounting firms have suggested holding daytime events rather than after-hours drinks parties. There is a lot to be said for daytime celebrations. First, it makes attendance easier for anyone caring for small children, or elderly relatives, and who thus finds it difficult to stay out late. Second, people are likely to be a bit more restrained in their alcohol consumption at lunchtime than in the evenings. And third, celebrating during working hours feels like a real break from duties; attending after work seems more like a responsibility. Most workers don't expect their seasonal event to turn into a big party; they are just hoping to avoid feeling bored. Only a quarter looked forward to their Christmas event and 71% would rather have a small cash bonus than a noisy party. Naturally, there is an economic answer and it is specialisation. Think of Adam Smith's pin factory where everyone plays their different part; let everyone have the party they want. Some may want to down the white wine but others may be happier only to eat the cake. In short, it is easier to enjoy yourself if you can do so in your own fashion. And that may include not partying at all. If managers think staff would rather spend time at home than attend, let them; the company will save money. 1.What can we learn about the office party from the first three paragraphs? A．It may raise doubts from the public B．It can be costly yet good value for money C．It should be banned to avoid risky behavior D．It will become a new trend in the workplace 2. Which of the following is an advantage of daytime celebrations? A．We can get rid of some unwanted duties B．We can drink alcohol to our heart's content C．We will strengthen our sense of responsibility D．We will find it convenient to look after family members 3. Why is the Adam Smith's pin factory mentioned in Paragraph 7? A．To recommend a good place for celebration B．To stress the importance of respecting personal preference C．To give a good example of a lavish celebration D．To advise people to visit the factory as a celebration 4. Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A．Stop celebrating Christmas B．Let them eat Christmas cake C．Give them a formal celebration D．Hold an office party to avoid duties 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章就如何举办每年的公司年会展开了讨论，强调尊重个人喜好的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Few companies today desire the publicity that tends to follow such an event. The natural question is, if you are spending that amount on a party, how much are you charging clients ?（如今，很少有公司希望这样的活动能引起公众的注意。很自然的问题是，如果你在派对上花了那么多钱，你会向客户收取多少费用?）”可知，办公室聚会会引起公众的疑问和怀疑。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“First, it makes attendance easier for anyone caring for small children, or elderly relatives, and who thus finds it difficult to stay out late.（首先，它使照顾小孩或年长亲戚的人更容易出勤，因此他们很难在外面待到很晚。）”可知，白天庆祝活动更方便员工照顾家庭成员。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“Naturally, there is an economic answer and it is specialisation.（当然，有一个经济上的答案，那就是因人制宜。）” 可推断，第七段提到亚当·斯密的别针工厂是为了强调尊重个人喜好的重要性。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Some may want to down the white wine but others may be happier only to eat the cake.(有些人可能想喝下白葡萄酒，但其他人可能只喜欢吃蛋糕。)”和最后一段“In short, it is easier to enjoy yourself if you can do so in your own fashion. And that may include not partying at all. If managers think staff would rather spend time at home than attend, let them; the company will save money.（简而言之，如果你能以自己的方式去做，你会更容易享受自己。这可能包括完全不参加派对。如果经理们认为员工宁愿待在家里也不愿参加会议，那就让他们去吧；公司可以省钱。）”及全文可知，文章就如何举办每年的公司年会展开了讨论，强调尊重个人喜好的重要性。所以用“Let them eat Christmas cake(何不食圣诞蛋糕)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·四川成都树德中学·期中) Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction. When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks. Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat (威胁).The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant. while the commercial value of beef protects the cow? The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to preserve the elephant population. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts. Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to dwindle. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property. With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.” 1.Why does the author mention buffalo in paragraph 1? A．To introduce a similar threat to elephants. B．To provide an example of species extinction. C．To offer an explanation for government policies. D．To present the statistics of the buffalo in America. 2. Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe? A．They are under different law protection B．They attract different groups of hunters C．They contain different commercial value D．They represent different ownership types 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Bans on killing elephants for ivory B．Effective laws for elephant protection. C．Methods of making elephants private goods D．Government policies on the elephant’s problem 4. What can we learn from Aristotle’s words? A．People hold little regard for others’ property B．People want to profit from common resources C．People care more about their own possession D．People tend to take what they own for granted 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过谈论作为公共资源的大象濒临灭绝，而作为私有财产的饲养牛却能安全生存，说明了人们对私有财产比公共资源更加关心的现象。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks. (然而，狩猎水牛在19世纪是如此流行，以至于到了1900年，野牛的数量已经下降到大约400只，直到政府介入保护这个物种。今天在一些国家，大象也面临着类似的挑战，因为非法捕猎者为了获取象牙而捕杀这种动物。)”可知，作者之所以提到水牛，是为了介绍大象所面临的类似威胁。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. (原因是大象是一种公共资源，而牛是私人物品。)”和“Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. (大象在没有主人的情况下自由走动。猎人有强烈的动机去杀死尽可能多的大象。)” 及“By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts. (相比之下，牛生活在私人拥有的农场上。每个农场主都在努力维持农场的牲畜数量，因为他们收获了这些努力的成果。)”可知，之所以大象面临威胁，而奶牛是安全的，是因为它们各自代表着不同的所有权类型。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. (各国政府试图通过两种方式来解决大象的问题。一些国家，如肯尼亚和乌干达，已经将猎杀大象和出售象牙定为非法行为。)”以及“By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property. (相比之下，其他国家，如马拉维和纳米比亚，则把大象当作私人物品，允许人们猎杀大象，但仅限于在他们自己的领地上。)”可知，第四段通过举例说明各国政府对大象的政策。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aristotle所说“What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others. (对大多数人来说共同的东西最不被重视，因为所有人都更关心自己的东西，而不是他们与他人共同拥有的东西。)”可以推知，人们更关心自己的财产。故选C项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·四川阆中中学校·期中) I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place. But what is joy, anyway? Life can be terrible, but if you decide to follow the sound of the joy-fountain, you will find joy showing up in all kinds of places: pets playfully bouncing around, kindness, or even in nothingness. How can joy be found? A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at case. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in. We can practice letting joy in by noticing how it feels to smile. Where does your body light up when you smile? When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great! Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking. No one, other than you, owns your happiness, but you might unknowingly block feelings or experiences that help you embody joy. The fact is that when you can’t embody joy, you miss out on one of life’s essential vitamins. Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it. 1. How is the topic of joy introduced at the beginning of the passage? A．By highlighting a joyful experience. B．By stressing the importance of laughing. C．By presenting an ultimate form of satisfaction. D．By sharing the author’s understanding of joy. 2. What might be the author’s advice on finding joy? A．Taking a deep breath. B．Smiling to your friends. C．Doing small acts of kindness. D．Reflecting on nothingness. 3. What might be the reason for many of us missing joy? A．That many of us refuse it on purpose. B．That many of us are insensitive to joy. C．That many of us lack life’s essential vitamins. D．That many of us are likely to take joy for granted. 4. What is the best title of the text? A．Life is the creation of joy B．A happy man always laughs last C．People are always unaware of joy D．Happy people are happy in childhood 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了作者对于笑声和快乐的理解，认为笑声是最终的快乐体现形式，快乐可以在各种地方被发现，而且我们可以通过帮助他人或者注意自己的微笑来体验快乐。作者呼吁我们不要害怕表现得愚蠢，因为愚蠢可以帮助我们更好地感受生活中的小事情，从而体验到更多的快乐。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place.(我是一个爱大笑的人。有人告诉我，即使在一间有一千个人的房间里，你也总能听到我的笑声盖过人群。对我来说，笑是具体化快乐的终极形式。我说的“具体化”是指当我笑的时候，我的整个身体都参与其中。在内心深处，它就像一个快乐的喷泉，到处都是。)”可推知，文章开始通过分享作者对快乐的理解，将快乐的话题引入。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at ease. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in.( 一个朋友搬进了新公寓，需要一些帮助，所以我帮助了他。之后，他显然开心多了，也轻松多了。我注意到，即使在他的幸福中扮演一个很小的角色，也会给我带来巨大的快乐，我花了一点时间让这种快乐的感觉融入其中。)”和“When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great!(当我微笑的时候，它让我想深呼吸，我注意到我的肩膀和腹部放松了。当我表现出关心和爱的时候，感觉很棒！)”可推知，作者通过自己帮助朋友的经历建议我们通过做一些小小的善举来发现快乐。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking.(可悲的是，我们中的许多人都没有意识到快乐，或者对它持怀疑态度。也许你害怕向快乐敞开心扉，或者也许你对快乐的感觉如此陌生，以至于当它来敲门时，你忽略或抵制它。)”可推知，我们中的许多人对快乐不敏感，这可能是我们许多人错过快乐的原因。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it.(想要更多的快乐？不要害怕看起来很傻。愚蠢可以帮助我们不那么个人化。它帮助我们用孩子的方式看世界。当我们能在日常生活的小事中找到更多的快乐时，我们就能体现幸福，而不仅仅是追求幸福。)”可推知，文章主要讲述了作者对于笑声和快乐的理解，认为笑声是最终的快乐体现形式，快乐可以在生活中发现，可以通过帮助他人体验快乐，生活是快乐的创造物，因此推断A项“生活是快乐的创造物”故选A。 1/3 1/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·四川巴中南江县实验中学·期中) How would you survive without your smartphone? For many of us, it’s the device we’re most attracted to — looking at it hundreds of times a day. We depend on it to perform different tasks and to connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones? Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people should stop scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist and author Jean Twenge says, “we’re all guilty of habitually checking our phones if waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realizing that an hour has passed.” There’s even a word — a phubber — to describe a person who ignores the real people around them because they are concentrating on their phones. But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like a drug, the problem arises when it is taken away. A study from King’s College London found young people they studied couldn’t control the amount of time they spent on their phone. Such addictive behavior means that people become anxious or upset if they are refused constant access, which can cause anxiety and mental health issues. Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics and Political Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones because we are encouraged by a text or e-mail. The people they studied felt natural to interact with their phones, just as a smoker would light a cigarette. Prof. Saadi Lahlou, co-author of the study, told the BBC, “We must learn tricks to avoid the temptation (诱惑) when we want to concentrate or have good social relations.” One solution could be an app that rewards students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to an ordinary phone that has none of the distractions (分心事) on it. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world! 1．What did Martin Cooper suggest people do? A．Learn tricks to avoid the temptation. B．Enjoy life by stopping the habit of scrolling. C．Change their smartphones to ordinary phones. D．Use an app that rewards them for less phone use. 2．Why do people feel ashamed after checking their phones? A．For not being productive enough. B．For missing important texts or calls. C．For using their phones for a long time. D．For not being able to connect with others. 3．What does the study from King’s College London imply? A．The young shouldn’t use their phones. B．Using phones leads the young to be anxious. C．Curing phone addiction is not an easy job. D．Young people can’t survive without phones. 4．What is the main message of the text? A．Smartphones are essential for modern life. B．Smartphones have a certain impact on mental health. C．The inventor of the mobile phone should be punished. D．People should avoid their addiction to smart phones. Passage 2 (23-24高二上·四川成都石室中学·期中) When I teach yoga (瑜伽), I usually announce “Phones off and at the back of the room” at the beginning of class. Recently, I forgot and had to whisper to a student texting during class to turn off her phone. She looked displeased but did so. But two days later, in another class, I was met with resistance from a young woman who completely refused. “But I’m on call. I might have to jump up and run out of class.” “Then maybe this isn’t the best place for you to be tonight.” That response got me an angry and unfriendly look. But when she came back the next week, there was no phone and she was much more present. Present is what I’m asking my students to be. Present to themselves and their yoga experience. You cannot be present to yoga if you are texting or emailing or anxiously awaiting a call. And neither can anyone around you. Definitely, if one phone is out, many pairs of eyes are drawn to it. And then other phones start to appear. Forget the fact that you’re missing the class you paid for; you’re at risk of losing your balance and hurting yourself or someone else due to inattention, or disturbing someone else’s moment of peace and stillness with the clicking of your keys. So please, do yourself and everyone around you, this teacher included, a favor and turn your phone off and put it away before you unroll your yoga mat. If you truly are on call, think hard before you come to class. Be present for yourself, wherever you need to be. 1．How does the author introduce her topic? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparison. C．By presenting the process. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 2. Why was the young woman angry with the author? A．Because she thought she was reasonable. B．Because she was brave enough to say no. C．Because she didn’t like the yoga class at all. D．Because the author was rude to her. 3. Which is Not the probable result of using phones in yoga class? A．Hurting yourself. B．Missing the class. C．Disturbing others. D．Getting others’ admiration. 4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To describe the situation of her yoga class. B．To explain her relationship with students. C．To show her opinion about using mobile phones. D．To stress the importance of being attentive in yoga class. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·四川成都金牛区成都七中万达集团学校联考·期中) We are in the midst of a battle for our attention. Our devices have affected our brains and destroyed our collective ability to concentrate. Journalist Johann Hair’s new book, Stolen Focus, has just joined the voices complaining about the great influence of the digital age. His and other recent books reflect a public perception that our focus is under attack. Indeed, in our new research, we found some clear concerns. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2, 093 UK adults last year. Half of those surveyed felt their attention spans were shorter than they used to be, compared with a quarter who didn’t. And three quarters of participants agreed we’re living through a time when there’s non-stop competition for our attention between a variety of media channels and information outlets (渠道). There has long been a worry about the threat to attention brought by new cultural forms, whether that’s social media or the cheap paperback sensation novels of the 19th century. Even as far back as ancient Greece, the philosopher Socrates complained that the written words created “forgetfulness in our souls”. There has always been a tendency to fear the effects that new media and technologies will have on our minds. The reality is that we simply don’t have long-term studies that tell us whether our attention spans have actually shrunk. What we do know from our study is that people overestimate some of the problems. There’s no such thing as an average attention span. Our ability to focus varies hugely depending on the individual and the task at hand. It’s also important not to ignore the many benefits that technology brings to our life. Much of the public surveyed recognized these, so while half thought big tech and social media were ruining young people’s attention spans, roughly another half felt that being easily distracted was more to do with people’s personalities than any negative influence that technology may or may not have. Also, half of the public believed multitasking at work and switching frequently between emails, phone calls, and other tasks can create a more efficient and satisfactory work experience. 1．What might be the theme of the books mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．The main focus of social media. B．The great influence of public opinion. C．The attention crisis in the digital age. D．The fierce competition in the digital age. 2. What can we know about some of the participants in the new research? A．They were frequently disturbed by digital devices. B．They felt it hard to acquire useful information online. C．They had shorter attention spans than average people. D．They felt challenged by fierce competition from others. 3. Why does the author mention Socrates in Paragraph 3? A．To stress new cultural forms have limitations. B．To show worry about attention is an age-old problem. C．To prove the important role he played in literary history. D．To explain cultural differences between the past and the present. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．People tend to overestimate their abilities. B．Digital distractions might have potential benefits. C．Technology’s benefits have been largely ignored. D．Switching between different tasks frequently is difficult. Passage 4 (24-25高二上·四川成都龙泉驿区东竞高中·期中) Hollywood may have warned about the risks of striking up relationships with artificial intelligence, but one computer scientist says we may be missing a trick if we do not embrace the positives that human-machine relationships have to offer. Tony Prescott, professor of cognitive robotics at the University of Sheffield, argues that AI has an important role to play in preventing human loneliness. Just as we develop meaningful bonds with pets, and have no reservations about children playing with dolls, so should we be open to the value of AI to adults, he says. “Human loneliness is often characterised by a down ward spiral (螺旋线) in which isolation leads to lower self-esteem (自尊), which discourages further interaction with people,” Prescott writes in a new book. The Psychology of Artificial Intelligence. “There may be ways in which AI companionship could help break this cycle by boosting feelings of self-worth and helping maintain or improve social skills. If so, relationships with AIs could support people to find companionship with human and artificial others.” With more than a third of Americans reporting “serious loneliness,” the loneliness problem has become evident in recent years. Whether AI can, or should, be part of the solution is not a new debate. Sherry Turkle, professor of social science at MIT, has warned that forming relationships with machines could backfire, and lead people to have fewer secure and fulfilling human relationships. Murali Doraiswamy, professor of medicine at Duke University, said: “Right now, all the evidence points to having a close human friend as the best solution for loneliness. But until society prioritizes social connectedness, robots are a solution for the millions of people who have no friends.” Researchers may soon know whether people turn to AI for company. Tech firms are building chatbots to be ever more fluent and responsive to emotions. This week, it emerged that OpenAI asked Scarlett Johansson to be the voice of their latest chatbot, GPT-4o, to “help consumers to feel comfortable”. Johansson declined, but the chatbot was released with a voice that friends and family thought was hers. OpenAI has since suspended (中止) the voice option “out of respect for Ms Johansson”. 1.What do the pets and dolls mentioned in Paragraph 2 help illustrate? A．The limitations of human-AI relationships in daily life. B．The potential for AI to provide similar companionship. C．The possibility for AI to replace traditional companions. D．The overestimation of AI’s role in ending human loneliness. 2. What do the underlined words “this cycle” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The repeated use of AI and others for companionship. B．The consistent failure of human relationships with AI. C．The process of developing human self-worth and social skills. D．The pattern of isolation, lower self-esteem and further isolation. 3. Who expresses concern that AI companionship could weaken human connections? A．Tony Prescott. B．Sherry Turkle. C．Murali Doraiswamy. D．Scarlett Johansson. 4. Which central question does the text mainly explore? A．Could AI contribute to increased loneliness? B．Will AI companionship replace human interaction? C．Can AI be used as an effective solution for loneliness? D．Is AI companionship preferable to traditional relationships? Passage 5 (24-25高二上·四川内江翔龙中学·期中) There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants(移民)bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional cuisine. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some ingredients needed to make traditional cuisine may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell cuisine to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes to the original cuisine to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the cuisine. We should not only embrace our heritage through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such. 1. What’s the function of the traditional food? A．It helps motivate homesickness. B．It shows cultural identity. C．It reflects a country’s history. D．It shows a community’s superiority. 2. Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant? A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes. B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil. C．To make the dishes popular among customers. D．To present their own food culture in a new way. 3. What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures? A．Negative. B．Balanced. C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable. 4. Which column does the passage come from? A．Space B．Science C．Food D．Entertainment Passage 6 (24-25高二上·四川泸州龙马潭区·期中) Everyone feels like winding down in December. Even if you do not celebrate Christmas, the New Year is approaching and most people take a few days' break. In many workplaces this feeling of “mission accomplished” is accompanied by an established tradition: the office party. In boom (繁荣) times these can be truly lavish (奢侈的) affairs. A Bloomberg event in 2000 was said to have cost £ 1 m (then $ 1. 5m). Few companies today desire the publicity that tends to follow such an event. The natural question is, if you are spending that amount on a party, how much are you charging clients (客户)? Companies are rightly more sensitive than they were about the risks involved when workers lose their restraint (约束) after consuming too much alcohol. A survey of American companies found that 59% had discussed, or planned to discuss, the dangers of “inappropriate celebrating” with staff. To avoid these dangers, the chief operating officer of BDO, an accountancy firm, has suggested that two chaperones (陪同人员) attend seasonal celebrations. Other accounting firms have suggested holding daytime events rather than after-hours drinks parties. There is a lot to be said for daytime celebrations. First, it makes attendance easier for anyone caring for small children, or elderly relatives, and who thus finds it difficult to stay out late. Second, people are likely to be a bit more restrained in their alcohol consumption at lunchtime than in the evenings. And third, celebrating during working hours feels like a real break from duties; attending after work seems more like a responsibility. Most workers don't expect their seasonal event to turn into a big party; they are just hoping to avoid feeling bored. Only a quarter looked forward to their Christmas event and 71% would rather have a small cash bonus than a noisy party. Naturally, there is an economic answer and it is specialisation. Think of Adam Smith's pin factory where everyone plays their different part; let everyone have the party they want. Some may want to down the white wine but others may be happier only to eat the cake. In short, it is easier to enjoy yourself if you can do so in your own fashion. And that may include not partying at all. If managers think staff would rather spend time at home than attend, let them; the company will save money. 1.What can we learn about the office party from the first three paragraphs? A．It may raise doubts from the public B．It can be costly yet good value for money C．It should be banned to avoid risky behavior D．It will become a new trend in the workplace 2. Which of the following is an advantage of daytime celebrations? A．We can get rid of some unwanted duties B．We can drink alcohol to our heart's content C．We will strengthen our sense of responsibility D．We will find it convenient to look after family members 3. Why is the Adam Smith's pin factory mentioned in Paragraph 7? A．To recommend a good place for celebration B．To stress the importance of respecting personal preference C．To give a good example of a lavish celebration D．To advise people to visit the factory as a celebration 4. Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A．Stop celebrating Christmas B．Let them eat Christmas cake C．Give them a formal celebration D．Hold an office party to avoid duties 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·四川成都树德中学·期中) Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction. When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks. Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat (威胁).The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant. while the commercial value of beef protects the cow? The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to preserve the elephant population. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts. Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to dwindle. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property. With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.” 1.Why does the author mention buffalo in paragraph 1? A．To introduce a similar threat to elephants. B．To provide an example of species extinction. C．To offer an explanation for government policies. D．To present the statistics of the buffalo in America. 2. Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe? A．They are under different law protection B．They attract different groups of hunters C．They contain different commercial value D．They represent different ownership types 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Bans on killing elephants for ivory B．Effective laws for elephant protection. C．Methods of making elephants private goods D．Government policies on the elephant’s problem 4. What can we learn from Aristotle’s words? A．People hold little regard for others’ property B．People want to profit from common resources C．People care more about their own possession D．People tend to take what they own for granted Passage 2 (24-25高二上·四川阆中中学校·期中) I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people, you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by “embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy spilling out all over the place. But what is joy, anyway? Life can be terrible, but if you decide to follow the sound of the joy-fountain, you will find joy showing up in all kinds of places: pets playfully bouncing around, kindness, or even in nothingness. How can joy be found? A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at case. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in. We can practice letting joy in by noticing how it feels to smile. Where does your body light up when you smile? When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great! Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking. No one, other than you, owns your happiness, but you might unknowingly block feelings or experiences that help you embody joy. The fact is that when you can’t embody joy, you miss out on one of life’s essential vitamins. Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it. 1. How is the topic of joy introduced at the beginning of the passage? A．By highlighting a joyful experience. B．By stressing the importance of laughing. C．By presenting an ultimate form of satisfaction. D．By sharing the author’s understanding of joy. 2. What might be the author’s advice on finding joy? A．Taking a deep breath. B．Smiling to your friends. C．Doing small acts of kindness. D．Reflecting on nothingness. 3. What might be the reason for many of us missing joy? A．That many of us refuse it on purpose. B．That many of us are insensitive to joy. C．That many of us lack life’s essential vitamins. D．That many of us are likely to take joy for granted. 4. What is the best title of the text? A．Life is the creation of joy B．A happy man always laughs last C．People are always unaware of joy D．Happy people are happy in childhood 1/3 1/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $