专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，四川专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川成都树德中学·期中) There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment (投入) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排除) of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, what does one person may have to do? A．Narrow his range of knowledge. B．Avoid responsibilities at work. C．Know more about the society. D．Broaden his perspective on life. 2．What do the specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to do? A．Treasure their freedom. B．Travel around the world. C．Spend most time working. D．Enjoy meeting funny people. 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ________. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to turn a generalist into a specialist. B．There are some ways to become a generalist. C．We should be more a generalist than a specialist. D．It’s hard to decide to be a generalist or a specialist. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川巴中南江县实验中学·期中) When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents (口音), most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/ Chinese/ etc. But this kind of response makes me fail to understand the true meaning of accents. Usually, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide deep understandings into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is definitely a part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/ her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self-confidence. B．It reflects their language levels. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It misses the real meaning of accents. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To support the use of dialects. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To correct a grammatical mistake. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Learn to speak with your local dialect. B．Seek for an official definition of accents. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Everyone Has an Accent B．Accents Weaken Our Uniqueness C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Standard English Is at Risk Passage 3 (24-25高一上·四川成都东部新区养马高级中学·期中) As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes. The changes may seem difficult and they may seem to happen quickly. Don’t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now! With more responsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about your choices so that you can make healthy and balanced decisions that will help shape your future. You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will present itself to you. Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices. You will probably want to be independent. But try not to shut your family out of your life. You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself. Your family have been with you since you came into this world. It is also perfectly natural in this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. Choose your friends wisely. A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens. This period is part of the life cycle. There are some people who will be with you throughout life’s journey and there will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not ever see all of your classmates again. You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. The choices that you make from now on will be your choices. So making the right choices will be important to you. Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely! 1．As far as the author is concerned, teenage years are ________. A．a period of complete freedom B．too hard for young people to get through C．an important time for the young to make the right choices D．a very important period for young students to leave their parents 2．The underlined words “some people” in paragraph 4 probably refer to “________”. A．Your parents. B．Your classmates. C．True friends. D．Your relatives. 3．The best title for this passage would be “________”. A．The Choices in Life B．The Key to Success C．Say Goodbye to the Past D．Becoming a Young Adult 4．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．Teenagers. B．Teachers. C．Young parents. D．Adults. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川成都第十二中学（四川大学附属中学）·期中) In Chinese cities, people in yellow or blue suits riding e-bikes are easy to see. They rush between traffic from restaurants to homes and businesses, regardless of wind or rain. They are food deliverymen. Although they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them. “The food deliverymen are trapped in the app,” says an article in the Chinese magazine Portrait, which has triggered a discussion. It pointed out that on food delivery service platforms Eleme and Meituan, the time limit and route for each delivery order is calculated by an algorithm （算法），which doesn’t consider real-life situations such as red lights, speed limits and fully occupied elevators. Based on the algorithm, the deadline for a delivery order within 2 kilometers is 30 minutes. Within that time, a deliveryman has to pick up the order and deliver it to the customer. Besides, the time limit has been gradually shortened in recent years. Delay could mean a reduction in pay so deliverymen speed up, often breaking traffic rules and putting people's lives at risk. Many people criticized the platforms and asked them to improve the regulations applied to the deliverymen. In response, on Sept 9, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, which allows customers to prolong the time limit for their order, and encouraged customers to show more respect for deliverymen. But this created more heated debate, as some felt the company was dodging the problem and distracting attention. They commented that the move was illogical, as the deliverymen are following rules made by their employers, and problems should be solved between the two. They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves. Also, even with the ability to allow more time for delivery, it may not fully address the issue. “If I give them five more minutes, they would not use it to ride slowly or obey the traffic rules. They would simply take one more order. This is not the ultimate cure to solve the problem.” Actually it would be better to improve the platform's system and the delivery mechanism. Besides, market regulatory departments should prohibit companies from setting tight schedules for their deliverymen and keep them safe on the roads. 1．According to the passage, what can we know about the food deliverymen? A．The algorithm offers them practical choices of time and routes. B．They have difficulty in meeting the time limit requirement. C．They seldom wear uniforms when they are working. D．They had even shorter delivery time limit in the past. 2．What does the word “dodging” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Solving. B．Avoiding. C．Creating. D．Transforming. 3．What do people think of “adding a button to the app”? A．The company is sparing no effort to address the problem. B．The approach might be the best solution to the problem. C．More potential problems are certain to be brought about. D．Customers shouldn't take responsibility for the problem. 4．Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A．No Deadlines for Deliverymen B．Deliverymen Break the Rules C．Lightening Deliverymen's Load D．Shortening the Delivery Time Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川成都石室中学·期中) The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs (假发) of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance. There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier. But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits—the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders—equal health and genetic well-being. Not everyone thinks the same way. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin, but is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists’ answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures. For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder (观看者). 1．People’s ideas about beauty__________. A．can be easily described B．are based upon strict criteria C．have existed since ancient times D．have little influence on a person’s success 2．In Paragraph 3,the babies in the study__________. A．were rated for their appearance B．showed a preference for women with larger eyes C．were shown photos of a group of college students D．were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones 3．We can learn from the passage that__________. A．the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up B．the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches C．the search for beauty is the power to motivate the beholder D．the understanding of beauty is rooted in cultural backgrounds 4．What can probably be the best title for this passage? A．The History of Beauty B．The Mystery of Beauty C．The Standards for Beauty D．The Attitudes toward Beauty Passage 3 (23-24高一上·四川成都石室中学·期中) Contrary to popular opinion, the scientific pursuit of knowledge is not a predictable and well-defined process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. There is the romantic idea of the scientist who has an Eureka moment (顿悟时刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Another impression is that research only involves formal steps. Neither of those ideas is correct. “Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable or imaginable,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold (展开) in an unpredictable way. Creative and associative thinking is very important for scientists to gain insight and make connections.” There is an intersection (交叉点) between science and art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to amplify creative freedom. Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, together with other scientists and artists, have designed a plan to learn from each other and to exchange ideas. One example is the recent and special project in which they measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子) sensor was used to visualise the different forces. They revealed the results in colourful images, each representing a different force. What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the artistic process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are criticised if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science,” says Weijers. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The views on science research. B．The purpose of science research. C．The hardship of science research. D．The attitude to science research. 2．What can we know from Weijers’s view? A．Scientists should have creative and associative thinking. B．The artistic process is too messy to be used in research. C．The scientific process always unfolds in an unpredictable way. D．The research process and the artistic process are totally different. 3．What does the underlined word “amplify” mean in the third paragraph? A．Refuse. B．Detect. C．Increase. D．Imply. 4．Why does the author mention Weijers’s research on plant cells? A．To stress the importance of thinking freely. B．To display the beauty of colourful images. C．To present the findings of his recent project. D．To show the connection between science and art. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川南充高级中学·期中) Have you ever been betrayed by someone close to you and decided that you would never forgive them? Actually speaking, forgiving others can be one of the hardest things to do. When others hurt us, the pain can drive our decisions and actions. Our self-esteem is wounded, and our defensive walls rise to protect us from more pain. The last thing we want to do is forgive the person who caused our spiritual and emotional ache. We may feel as if forgiving others makes us look weak. And we may feel that we are letting the person who hurt us off the hook, and that they should also suffer and be punished. We tell ourselves that strong people don’t forgive those who have hurt or offended them. “You got me once, but never again.” We may fear that if we do forgive, they will hurt us again or that others will think less of us for doing so. Actually, staying in the past stops us from living in the present and planning for the future. We keep looking at the rearview mirror, seeing the person who has hurt us. But forgiving others is a courageous act. It means we take the higher moral road. When we allow ourselves to forgive others, we free ourselves from the pain, anger and bitterness that only make matters worse. And though it is hard to achieve, we must remember that we are only humans and so are those who have hurt us. When we are on the other side and have hurt others, we will need their forgiveness and kindness. 1．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．What we want to do when betrayed. B．What the result of hurting others is. C．Why it is hard for us to forgive others. D．How we feel when hurt by others. 2．How many reasons does the author give to show it’s hard to forgive? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．Why does the author mention “rearview mirror” in the fourth paragraph? A．To stress the importance of safe driving. B．To convince us not to stay in the past. C．To remind us to see person hurting us. D．To show forgiveness can free us from pain. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To talk about the benefits of forgiveness. B．To claim we can punish those taking advantage of us. C．To persuade us to stop feeling angry for an betrayal. D．To explain that we should always forgive when hurt. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川眉山东坡区眉山中学校·期中) The computer is a powerful tool. With it, teachers can improve the classroom experience in a variety of ways. But misuse of the computer will probably result in disadvantages. To investigate the way technology is being used in our school district, I recently spoke with Jeanine Lowell, who teaches social studies at Lake Town Middle School. Mrs. Lowell informed me that computers have helped to increase students’ motivation and prepare them for life in a technological society. “These kids are probably going to be using some kind of computer system when they graduate from high school,” Lowell noted. “It’s important that we provide a proper introduction to them in the classroom.” Lowell also observed that the computers have made it easier to promote different areas of learning, so that students can work on a project or topic that relates to more than one subject. With all of these benefits, however, come a few shortcomings. Although Mrs. Lowell has nearly wallpapered her room with warnings that state: “The computer is NOT A TOY”, not everyone in the class agrees with this idea. Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos. “You’ve got to be three steps ahead,” she told me, “if you want to stay on top of what they’re actually doing on the computer.” Some schools use some type of blocking software to ensure that students cannot access improper sites at school. More complex programs use a server-based, network-wide program instead of software that runs on personal computers. Research has shown that in a way these server-based blocking programs provide better security, because some students can disable the software on a personal computer. However, there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell. There are also no electronic cure-alls for any of education’s many challenges. Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool. 1．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A newspaper. B．An advertisement. C．A novel. D．A diary. 2．Which of the following isn’t the benefit of computer use in the classroom? A．Improved motivation in the classroom. B．Opportunities for learning across different subjects. C．Increased preparation for the future use in the workplace. D．Convenience of sharing ideas with people living across the globe. 3．The best way to prevent students from accessing improper sites on school computers is to ______. A．post warning signs throughout the classroom B．use blocking software on personal computers C．monitor what students do on the computers carefully D．use server-based software programs on personal computers 4．What is the writer’s opinion on the use of computers in the classroom? A．It does more harm than good. B．It is only supported by experts. C．It contributes to teaching in some way. D．It is more beneficial to teachers than students. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川宜宾翠屏区·期中) Both my parents were educators, and for the past 40 years, I’ve done the same thing. For years, I have watched people teach. And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like. How do I build relationships with kids and look after kids? I once gave a test — 20 questions. A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better?” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.” And for years, I watched my mother take the time at recess (课间休息) to review, go on home visits in the afternoon, and buy small gifts for kids. After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). It brought tears to my eyes, not because she was gone, but because she left a treasure of relationships that could never disappear. Can we have more relationships? Of course, yes. And we teach anyway, no matter what kinds of kids we have. Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best. 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To show the key to people’s success. B．To show the importance of education. C．To tell us the value of relationship in teaching. D．To introduce his parents’ teaching experience. 2．Why did the author put “+2” on the student’s paper? A．To draw his attention. B．To tell him grades didn’t matter. C．To show the two sides of the same coin. D．To make him feel better and encourage him. 3．What do we know about Ms. Walker? A．Her students were full of thanks to her. B．She was strict with her students. C．Many of her students were successful. D．Her death made the author hopeless. 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．What a teacher does B．Every child needs a champion C．How students learn from their teachers D．Relationship influences kids’ school life Passage 3 (24-25高一上·四川眉山东坡区东坡区·期中) Recently, a company has come up with software that can grade our papers for teachers. With this new software, students submitting their papers online can get immediate feedback (反馈): no more waiting until the professor gets around to grading their work, probably leaving inky fingerprints on the pages. Having a program grade papers would obviously free teachers to do other things, but I think it would be a mistake. As a teacher, I may begin to understand students by their conversation or how they respond in class, but when they actually have to put their thoughts on paper, I can learn a huge amount in a short time. I can see how they think and feel in relation to the material before them, and if they have problems in making connections, organizing arguments, and drawing conclusions. The truth is, students rarely come to college knowing how to write well. This takes a lot of what one of my old professors used to call “correction”. I remember sitting beside him in his office as he went over my papers. He would draw a red pencil through adjectives, suggesting that I find stronger nouns. Don't say it was a “long narrow street. Call it an alley(小巷)if it’s an alley. I learned from him how to make sentences more powerful and how to make arguments more persuasive. Really education lives in sitting side by side with a student, in face-to-face exchange of ideas and feelings. Grading papers often represents the beginning of a good exchange. I think my best teaching moments have occurred off-stage, late at night. I would spot a problem in a student paper and respond at length, in writing, in the margins(页边空白). This would lead to a meeting in my office, where the student would come back at me to discuss what I’d written. The conversation would continue for a very long time. I don’t think any software program is ever going to replace people in education. It may offer some help, but it's not the real thing. 1．What are the advantages of the software? a. It saves teachers a lot of time. b. It gives students a quick response. c. It improves teacher-student relationships. d. It helps teachers find out students’ progress. A．ab B．ad C．be D．cd 2．The author develops Paragraph 3 by ______. A．giving an example B．offering instructions C．making a comparison D．providing explanations. 3．In the author’s opinion, grading students’ papers ______. A．is time-consuming and difficult B．has no effect on students’ studies C．affects teachers’ freedom and development D．is beneficial to teacher-student communication 4．The author mainly argues that ______. A．Software cannot replace real education B．Educational software should be limited C．Students should develop good writing skills D．Professors should improve their academic ability. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·四川内江第二中学·期中) Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction(灭绝). When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animals’ population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks. Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat(威胁). The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant, while the commercial value of beef protects the cow? The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to protect the elephant population. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain(维持) the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts. Governments have tried to solve the elephants’ problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to decrease. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property. With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they own in common with others. ” 1．Why does the author mention buffalo in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a similar threat to elephant. B．To provide an example of species extinction. C．To offer an explanation for government policies. D．To present the statistics of the buffalo in America. 2．Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe? A．They are under different law protection. B．They attract different groups of hunters. C．They contain different commercial value. D．They represent different ownership types. 3．Which of the following can best summarize paragraph 4? A．Bans on killing elephants for ivory. B．Effective laws for elephant protection. C．Methods of making elephants private goods. D．Government policies on the elephants’ problem. 4．What can we learn from Aristotle’s words? A．People hold little regard for others’ property. B．People want to profit from common resources. C．People care more about what they have. D．People tend to take what they own for granted. 1/3 1/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川成都树德中学·期中) There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment (投入) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排除) of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, what does one person may have to do? A．Narrow his range of knowledge. B．Avoid responsibilities at work. C．Know more about the society. D．Broaden his perspective on life. 2．What do the specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to do? A．Treasure their freedom. B．Travel around the world. C．Spend most time working. D．Enjoy meeting funny people. 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ________. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to turn a generalist into a specialist. B．There are some ways to become a generalist. C．We should be more a generalist than a specialist. D．It’s hard to decide to be a generalist or a specialist. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment (投入) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. (社会推动我们专业化，成为专家。这需要致力于某一特定的职业、学习或研究领域。成为专家的缺点是，我们往往知道的越来越少，越来越少)”可知，成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. (有些人似乎愿意在自己狭窄的专业领域夜以继日地工作。但这样的承诺也会削弱一种自由感。这些专家可能每天晚上在办公室工作到10点，然后回过头来发现，他们本想回家享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或者去令人兴奋的地方旅行，结识有趣的人)”可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章第五段中“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” (事物是相互联系的。让你在一个领域的专业知识激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是联系在一起的。我的编辑托尼也是一名作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她被紫禁城的结构之美所吸引，同时也对学习更多中国哲学感兴趣。“我不知道它会走向何方，但我对自己的追求感到兴奋。”)”可知，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段中“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. (即使你是一个专家，做一个通才也是有好处的)”可知，文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川巴中南江县实验中学·期中) When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents (口音), most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/ Chinese/ etc. But this kind of response makes me fail to understand the true meaning of accents. Usually, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide deep understandings into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is definitely a part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1．What does the author think of his/ her friends’ response in paragraph 1? A．It reflects their self-confidence. B．It reflects their language levels. C．It misses the point of communication. D．It misses the real meaning of accents. 2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A．To support the use of dialects. B．To show the diversity of dialects. C．To correct a grammatical mistake. D．To highlight a traditional approach. 3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph? A．Learn to speak with your local dialect. B．Seek for an official definition of accents. C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects. D．Distinguish our local languages from others’. 4．What can be a suitable title for this passage? A．Everyone Has an Accent B．Accents Weaken Our Uniqueness C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D．Standard English Is at Risk 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了每个人都有口音。从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/ Chinese/ etc. But this kind of response makes me fail to understand the true meaning of accents.(当我跟一些朋友提到我们每个人说话都有口音时，他们中的大多数人都自豪地回答：“哦，我说的是标准的英语或汉语等等。” 但这种回应让我无法理解口音的真正含义。)”可知，作者认为他或她的朋友的回应忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Every person speaks a dialect, too. (每个人也会说一种方言。)”及本段后文“American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different?(以美式英语为母语的人会停顿，这并不意味着新加坡英语口语是 “错误的” 或 “不合语法的”。按照新加坡英语母语者自成体系的语法规则，这个句子结构规范，表意清晰。仅仅因为它与众不同，就该被视为错误吗？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是为了证明使用方言是可以接受的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Language differences like these provide deep understandings into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is definitely a part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.(诸如此类的语言差异能让我们深入了解人们的文化经历和背景。在全球化时代，一个人的说话方式无疑是其身份认同的一部分。大多数人会很乐意谈论自己语言背后的文化。这样一来，我们会更多地了解我们所生活的世界，还能在这个过程中交到朋友。)”可知， 作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! (从这个意义上说，指出某人“有口音”是毫无意义的。我们都有！)”以及第三段“Every person speaks a dialect, too. (每个人也会说一种方言。)”可知，作者认为每个人都有口音，而且作者在最后一段指出不同的口音可以让我们更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。故A项“Everyone Has an Accent (每个人都有口音)”最能概括本文主旨。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·四川成都东部新区养马高级中学·期中) As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes. The changes may seem difficult and they may seem to happen quickly. Don’t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now! With more responsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about your choices so that you can make healthy and balanced decisions that will help shape your future. You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will present itself to you. Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices. You will probably want to be independent. But try not to shut your family out of your life. You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself. Your family have been with you since you came into this world. It is also perfectly natural in this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. Choose your friends wisely. A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens. This period is part of the life cycle. There are some people who will be with you throughout life’s journey and there will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not ever see all of your classmates again. You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. The choices that you make from now on will be your choices. So making the right choices will be important to you. Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely! 1．As far as the author is concerned, teenage years are ________. A．a period of complete freedom B．too hard for young people to get through C．an important time for the young to make the right choices D．a very important period for young students to leave their parents 2．The underlined words “some people” in paragraph 4 probably refer to “________”. A．Your parents. B．Your classmates. C．True friends. D．Your relatives. 3．The best title for this passage would be “________”. A．The Choices in Life B．The Key to Success C．Say Goodbye to the Past D．Becoming a Young Adult 4．Who is the passage mainly intended for? A．Teenagers. B．Teachers. C．Young parents. D．Adults. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了青少年时期是年轻人做出正确选择的重要时期，并给出了相关建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With more responsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about your choices so that you can make healthy balanced decisions that will help shape your future.(随着责任的增加，你会发现你有更多的自由来做出自己的选择。这是一个充分了解你的选择的时候，这样你就可以做出健康平衡的决定，这将有助于塑造你的未来)”可知，作者认为青少年时期是年轻人做出正确选择的重要时期。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“There are some people who will be with you throughout life’s journey and there will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways.(有些人会陪伴你走过人生的旅程，也有些人你会和他们分手，各奔东西)”和后文“Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not ever see all of your classmates again.(离开学校可能很难。现实是，你可能再也见不到所有的同学了)”可知，上文提到的“有些人”指的是会陪伴你走过人生的旅程的人，后文接着提到离开学校后可能再也见不到所有的同学，由此推知划线词“some people”可能指的是“你的同学”。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes. The changes may seem difficult and they may seem to happen quickly. Don’t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now!(当你快速成长的青少年时期，你会经历很多变化。这些变化可能看起来很困难，但似乎发生得很快。别慌!你会成功地对付他们的！你现在是一个年轻人了!)”和最后一段中“You are a young adult. It is your life.(你是一个年轻人。这是你的生活)”可知，文章主要论述了青少年时期以及成为年轻人的相关内容和建议，D项“Becoming a Young Adult(成为年轻人)”最符合文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes.(当你快速成长的青少年时期，你会经历很多变化)”以及最后一段中“You are a young adult. It is your life.(你是一个年轻人。这是你的生活)”可推知，文章主要是写给青少年看的，告诉他们如何面对青少年时期的变化以及如何成为一个年轻人。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川成都第十二中学（四川大学附属中学）·期中) In Chinese cities, people in yellow or blue suits riding e-bikes are easy to see. They rush between traffic from restaurants to homes and businesses, regardless of wind or rain. They are food deliverymen. Although they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them. “The food deliverymen are trapped in the app,” says an article in the Chinese magazine Portrait, which has triggered a discussion. It pointed out that on food delivery service platforms Eleme and Meituan, the time limit and route for each delivery order is calculated by an algorithm （算法），which doesn’t consider real-life situations such as red lights, speed limits and fully occupied elevators. Based on the algorithm, the deadline for a delivery order within 2 kilometers is 30 minutes. Within that time, a deliveryman has to pick up the order and deliver it to the customer. Besides, the time limit has been gradually shortened in recent years. Delay could mean a reduction in pay so deliverymen speed up, often breaking traffic rules and putting people's lives at risk. Many people criticized the platforms and asked them to improve the regulations applied to the deliverymen. In response, on Sept 9, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, which allows customers to prolong the time limit for their order, and encouraged customers to show more respect for deliverymen. But this created more heated debate, as some felt the company was dodging the problem and distracting attention. They commented that the move was illogical, as the deliverymen are following rules made by their employers, and problems should be solved between the two. They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves. Also, even with the ability to allow more time for delivery, it may not fully address the issue. “If I give them five more minutes, they would not use it to ride slowly or obey the traffic rules. They would simply take one more order. This is not the ultimate cure to solve the problem.” Actually it would be better to improve the platform's system and the delivery mechanism. Besides, market regulatory departments should prohibit companies from setting tight schedules for their deliverymen and keep them safe on the roads. 1．According to the passage, what can we know about the food deliverymen? A．The algorithm offers them practical choices of time and routes. B．They have difficulty in meeting the time limit requirement. C．They seldom wear uniforms when they are working. D．They had even shorter delivery time limit in the past. 2．What does the word “dodging” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Solving. B．Avoiding. C．Creating. D．Transforming. 3．What do people think of “adding a button to the app”? A．The company is sparing no effort to address the problem. B．The approach might be the best solution to the problem. C．More potential problems are certain to be brought about. D．Customers shouldn't take responsibility for the problem. 4．Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A．No Deadlines for Deliverymen B．Deliverymen Break the Rules C．Lightening Deliverymen's Load D．Shortening the Delivery Time 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了外卖骑手们所面临的“守时”困境，介绍并分析了其形成原因、平台的解决方法及人们对这些情况的看法等。最后作者提出改善平台系统和运送机制，并且监管部门应该制定相应措施才是最终解决方法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It pointed out that on food delivery service platforms Eleme and Meituan, the time limit and route for each delivery order is calculated by an algorithm，which doesn’t consider real-life situations such as red lights, speed limits and fully occupied elevators.（该公司指出，在外卖平台饿了么和美团上，每个外卖单的时间限制和路线都是通过算法计算的，没有考虑到红灯、限速和电梯满员等真实情况。）”和第三段“Based on the algorithm, the deadline for a delivery order within 2 kilometers is 30 minutes. Within that time, a deliveryman has to pick up the order and deliver it to the customer.（根据该算法，2公里内的快递订单截止时间为30分钟。在这段时间内，送货员必须提货并将货物送到顾客手中。此外，这一期限近年来逐渐缩短。）” 可知，外卖平台的算法经常不考虑实际情况设置运送时间，导致外卖员按时运送有困难。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves.（他们觉得公司把责任推给了用户，而不是自己解决问题。）”可推知划线词所在的句子意为“但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司在回避问题，分散人们的注意力。”由此可知， dodging意为“逃避”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“They commented that the move was illogical, as the deliverymen are following rules made by their employers, and problems should be solved between the two. They felt the company was putting the responsibility on the users rather than solving the problem themselves.（他们表示，此举不合逻辑，因为快递员是在遵循雇主制定的规则，两者之间的问题应该得到解决。他们觉得公司把责任推给了用户，而不是自己解决问题。）”可推知，人们认为顾客不应该为这个问题负责。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““The food deliverymen are trapped in the app," says an article in the Chinese magazine Portrait, which has triggered a discussion.（中国杂志《肖像》的一篇文章写道:“送餐员被app困住了。” 这篇文章引发了热议。）”可知，本文主要介绍了外卖骑手们所面临的“守时”困境，介绍并分析了其形成原因（算法的不合理性）、平台的解决方法（呼吁人们尊重外卖员及增加延时按钮）及人们对这些情况的看法（这些方法并不能真正解决问题）等。最后作者提出更好的解决方法应该在于改善平台系统和运送机制，并且监管部门应该制定相应措施。“闪电送货人的负载”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川成都石室中学·期中) The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs (假发) of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance. There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier. But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits—the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders—equal health and genetic well-being. Not everyone thinks the same way. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin, but is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists’ answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures. For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder (观看者). 1．People’s ideas about beauty__________. A．can be easily described B．are based upon strict criteria C．have existed since ancient times D．have little influence on a person’s success 2．In Paragraph 3,the babies in the study__________. A．were rated for their appearance B．showed a preference for women with larger eyes C．were shown photos of a group of college students D．were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones 3．We can learn from the passage that__________. A．the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up B．the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches C．the search for beauty is the power to motivate the beholder D．the understanding of beauty is rooted in cultural backgrounds 4．What can probably be the best title for this passage? A．The History of Beauty B．The Mystery of Beauty C．The Standards for Beauty D．The Attitudes toward Beauty 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过埃及和法国的例子引出“美”的定义究竟是什么。并且通过一系列的研究表明婴儿对外貌也有着自己的想法，男人和女人也更加偏向健康和能够遗传健康的外貌。但美丽也并不总是单一、统一的标准，在不同的人眼中，美的标准也是不一样的。 1．细节理解题。第一段第一句提到“The search for beauty spans centuries and continents.”文章提到人们对美的寻找跨越了几个世纪。由此判断，人们花了很长的时间去追寻美，即从古时候就开始追求美。故选C。 2．细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到“In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. ”在这项研究中，婴儿会花更多的时间看有吸引力的面孔，而不是没有吸引力的面孔。由此判断婴儿能够区分一张面孔是否有吸引力。故选D。 3．推理判断题。第四段第二句提到“In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips…”研究中表示男性一直表现出对某种外形的女性的偏爱，由此判断美的标准并不会随着人成长而不同。故A项错误。第三段第一句提到“But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly” 很难描述清楚美的标准究竟是什么，由此判断美的标准并不是建立在科学研究的基础之上的。故B项错误。最后一段最后一句提到“Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder”美在旁观者的眼里，而不是激励旁观者寻求美的力量。故C项错误。倒数第二段第二句提到“What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another.” 在一种文化中，被认为有吸引力的因素可能并不在另一种文化中。同时该段还提到西方时尚杂志中女性的身形并不一定适合全世界的女性。由此判断对于美的认识是根植于不同文化中的。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知，本文为议论文。在第一段中由埃及和法国的例子引出人们对美的追求这一现象。在第二、三、四段中介绍了婴儿、男性、女性对美的判断。第五段中提出美在不同文化中的不同标准，最后一段美并不是单一、统一的这一事实。综上段落内容分析，文章讲述了美的奥秘。故选B。 Passage 3 (23-24高一上·四川成都石室中学·期中) Contrary to popular opinion, the scientific pursuit of knowledge is not a predictable and well-defined process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. There is the romantic idea of the scientist who has an Eureka moment (顿悟时刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Another impression is that research only involves formal steps. Neither of those ideas is correct. “Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable or imaginable,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold (展开) in an unpredictable way. Creative and associative thinking is very important for scientists to gain insight and make connections.” There is an intersection (交叉点) between science and art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to amplify creative freedom. Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, together with other scientists and artists, have designed a plan to learn from each other and to exchange ideas. One example is the recent and special project in which they measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子) sensor was used to visualise the different forces. They revealed the results in colourful images, each representing a different force. What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the artistic process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are criticised if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science,” says Weijers. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The views on science research. B．The purpose of science research. C．The hardship of science research. D．The attitude to science research. 2．What can we know from Weijers’s view? A．Scientists should have creative and associative thinking. B．The artistic process is too messy to be used in research. C．The scientific process always unfolds in an unpredictable way. D．The research process and the artistic process are totally different. 3．What does the underlined word “amplify” mean in the third paragraph? A．Refuse. B．Detect. C．Increase. D．Imply. 4．Why does the author mention Weijers’s research on plant cells? A．To stress the importance of thinking freely. B．To display the beauty of colourful images. C．To present the findings of his recent project. D．To show the connection between science and art. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术在科学研究中的作用，艺术与科学之间是有交叉的。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Contrary to popular opinion, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable and well-defined process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative fail, and learn by chance. There is the romantic idea of the scientist who has an Eureka moment (顿悟时刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Another impression is that research only involves formal steps. Neither of those ideas is correct.(与流行的观点相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测和明确定义的过程。为了有新的发现，研究人员需要创造性、失败和偶然学习的自由。有一个浪漫的想法，科学家突然有了一个顿悟的时刻，突然有了新的见解。另一个印象是，研究只涉及正式步骤。这些想法都不正确。)”可知，第一段主要讨论人们对于科学研究的看法。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段Weijers说的话“Science and art are two different ways to make something comprehensible or imaginable(科学和艺术是使事物变得可理解或可想象的两种不同方式)”和“But the scientific process can also unfold (展开) in an unpredictable way. Creative and associative thinking is very important for scientists to gain insight and make connections.(但科学过程也可能以一种不可预测的方式展开。创造性和联想思维对科学家获得洞察力和建立联系非常重要。)”可知，从Weijers的观点中我们可以了解到科学家应该具有创造性和联想性思维。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Creative and associative thinking is very important for scientists to gain insight and make connections.(创造性和联想思维对科学家获得洞察力和建立联系非常重要。)”和第三段的“There is an intersection (交叉点) between science and art.(科学和艺术之间有交集。)”和“look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas(从艺术家那里寻找灵感并交流想法)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“科学和艺术之间有交集。这就是为什么瓦赫宁根的科学家们从艺术家那里寻找灵感，并就如何扩大创作自由交换意见”，因此划线词amplify的意思是“扩大，增加”，和increase意思相近，故选C。 4．推理判断题。第三段第一句“There is an intersection (交叉点) between science and art. (科学和艺术之间有交叉。)”和“One example is the recent and special project in which they measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular (分子) sensor was used to visualise the different forces. They revealed the results in colourful images, each representing a different force.(一个例子是最近的一个特殊项目，他们测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来观察不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了实验结果，每张图像代表一种不同的力。)”可知，通过Weijers的关于植物细胞的研究事例说明艺术与科学之间的交叉融合，表明艺术与科学的联系。故选D。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川南充高级中学·期中) Have you ever been betrayed by someone close to you and decided that you would never forgive them? Actually speaking, forgiving others can be one of the hardest things to do. When others hurt us, the pain can drive our decisions and actions. Our self-esteem is wounded, and our defensive walls rise to protect us from more pain. The last thing we want to do is forgive the person who caused our spiritual and emotional ache. We may feel as if forgiving others makes us look weak. And we may feel that we are letting the person who hurt us off the hook, and that they should also suffer and be punished. We tell ourselves that strong people don’t forgive those who have hurt or offended them. “You got me once, but never again.” We may fear that if we do forgive, they will hurt us again or that others will think less of us for doing so. Actually, staying in the past stops us from living in the present and planning for the future. We keep looking at the rearview mirror, seeing the person who has hurt us. But forgiving others is a courageous act. It means we take the higher moral road. When we allow ourselves to forgive others, we free ourselves from the pain, anger and bitterness that only make matters worse. And though it is hard to achieve, we must remember that we are only humans and so are those who have hurt us. When we are on the other side and have hurt others, we will need their forgiveness and kindness. 1．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．What we want to do when betrayed. B．What the result of hurting others is. C．Why it is hard for us to forgive others. D．How we feel when hurt by others. 2．How many reasons does the author give to show it’s hard to forgive? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．Why does the author mention “rearview mirror” in the fourth paragraph? A．To stress the importance of safe driving. B．To convince us not to stay in the past. C．To remind us to see person hurting us. D．To show forgiveness can free us from pain. 4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To talk about the benefits of forgiveness. B．To claim we can punish those taking advantage of us. C．To persuade us to stop feeling angry for an betrayal. D．To explain that we should always forgive when hurt. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文文。本文主要讲述了我们都是普通人，都会犯错，所以我们不要因为背叛而生气，这能让我们更好地活在现在，规划未来。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“When others hurt us, the pain can drive our decisions and actions. Our self-esteem is wounded, and our defensive walls rise to protect us from more pain. (当别人伤害我们时，痛苦会驱使我们的决定和行动。我们的自尊心受到了伤害，我们的防御墙竖起，保护我们免受更多的痛苦。)”可知，本段主要介绍了我们被别人伤害时的感受，我们的自尊心受到了伤害，我们会竖起防御墙，保护我们免受更多的痛苦，由此可知，第二段的主要内容是介绍当我们被别人伤害时的感受。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“We may feel as if forgiving others makes us look weak. And we may feel that we are letting the person who hurt us off the hook, and that they should also suffer and be punished. (我们可能会觉得原谅别人会让我们看起来很软弱。我们可能会觉得，我们让伤害我们的人逍遥法外，他们也应该受苦并受到惩罚。)”和“We may fear that if we do forgive, they will hurt us again or that others will think less of us for doing so. (我们可能会担心，如果我们真的原谅了，他们会再次伤害我们，或者别人会因为我们这样做而看不起我们。)”可知，作者给出了三个理由来表明很难原谅伤害我们的人，第一，我们可能会觉得原谅别人会让我们看起来很软弱；第二，我们可能会觉得，伤害我们的人也应该受苦并受到惩罚；第三，如果我们真的原谅了，他们会再次伤害我们。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Actually, staying in the past stops us from living in the present and planning for the future. (事实上，停留在过去会阻止我们活在现在，规划未来。)”可知，作者告诉我们停留在过去会阻止我们活在现在，规划未来，并举出了“后视镜”的例子，由此可知，作者在第四段中提到“后视镜”是为了说服我们不要停留在过去。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Have you ever been betrayed by someone close to you and decided that you would never forgive them? (你是否曾被亲近的人背叛，并决定永远不会原谅他们？)”和最后一段内容“And though it is hard to achieve, we must remember that we are only humans and so are those who have hurt us. When we are on the other side and have hurt others, we will need their forgiveness and kindness. (尽管这很难实现，但我们必须记住，我们只是人类，伤害我们的人也是如此。当我们站在另一边伤害别人时，我们需要他们的宽恕和善意。)”可知，作者说我们只是人类，我们也会伤害别人，所以当我们遭遇背叛，不要生气，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是说服我们不要因为背叛而生气。故选C项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·四川眉山东坡区眉山中学校·期中) The computer is a powerful tool. With it, teachers can improve the classroom experience in a variety of ways. But misuse of the computer will probably result in disadvantages. To investigate the way technology is being used in our school district, I recently spoke with Jeanine Lowell, who teaches social studies at Lake Town Middle School. Mrs. Lowell informed me that computers have helped to increase students’ motivation and prepare them for life in a technological society. “These kids are probably going to be using some kind of computer system when they graduate from high school,” Lowell noted. “It’s important that we provide a proper introduction to them in the classroom.” Lowell also observed that the computers have made it easier to promote different areas of learning, so that students can work on a project or topic that relates to more than one subject. With all of these benefits, however, come a few shortcomings. Although Mrs. Lowell has nearly wallpapered her room with warnings that state: “The computer is NOT A TOY”, not everyone in the class agrees with this idea. Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos. “You’ve got to be three steps ahead,” she told me, “if you want to stay on top of what they’re actually doing on the computer.” Some schools use some type of blocking software to ensure that students cannot access improper sites at school. More complex programs use a server-based, network-wide program instead of software that runs on personal computers. Research has shown that in a way these server-based blocking programs provide better security, because some students can disable the software on a personal computer. However, there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell. There are also no electronic cure-alls for any of education’s many challenges. Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool. 1．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A newspaper. B．An advertisement. C．A novel. D．A diary. 2．Which of the following isn’t the benefit of computer use in the classroom? A．Improved motivation in the classroom. B．Opportunities for learning across different subjects. C．Increased preparation for the future use in the workplace. D．Convenience of sharing ideas with people living across the globe. 3．The best way to prevent students from accessing improper sites on school computers is to ______. A．post warning signs throughout the classroom B．use blocking software on personal computers C．monitor what students do on the computers carefully D．use server-based software programs on personal computers 4．What is the writer’s opinion on the use of computers in the classroom? A．It does more harm than good. B．It is only supported by experts. C．It contributes to teaching in some way. D．It is more beneficial to teachers than students. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了在教室里使用计算机教学的有利之处和不利之处。作者认为高科技只是一个有用的工具。 1．推理判断题。文章论述了在教室里使用计算机教学的有利之处和不利之处。作者认为高科技只是一个有用的工具。文章最有可能来自于报纸。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“…come a few shortcomings. … Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos.(也有一些缺点……一些学生容易被网络分心，他们很擅长让他们看起来好像正在学习，而他们却是真地在检查电子邮件或观看视频。)”可知，学生在教室里上网，与世界各地的人们分享观点，但这也会让学生分心。这是在教室使用电脑的不利之处。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell.（像Jeanine Lowell这样的好老师的严格监督是无可替代的。）”可知，防止学生在学校电脑上访问不合适的网站的最好方法是老师仔细监视学生在电脑上做什么。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool.（高科技是一个有用的工具，但它只是一个工具）。” 由此可以推断，作者认为计算机在某种程度上对教学有帮助，但只是一个辅助的工具。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川宜宾翠屏区·期中) Both my parents were educators, and for the past 40 years, I’ve done the same thing. For years, I have watched people teach. And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like. How do I build relationships with kids and look after kids? I once gave a test — 20 questions. A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better?” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.” And for years, I watched my mother take the time at recess (课间休息) to review, go on home visits in the afternoon, and buy small gifts for kids. After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). It brought tears to my eyes, not because she was gone, but because she left a treasure of relationships that could never disappear. Can we have more relationships? Of course, yes. And we teach anyway, no matter what kinds of kids we have. Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best. 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph? A．To show the key to people’s success. B．To show the importance of education. C．To tell us the value of relationship in teaching. D．To introduce his parents’ teaching experience. 2．Why did the author put “+2” on the student’s paper? A．To draw his attention. B．To tell him grades didn’t matter. C．To show the two sides of the same coin. D．To make him feel better and encourage him. 3．What do we know about Ms. Walker? A．Her students were full of thanks to her. B．She was strict with her students. C．Many of her students were successful. D．Her death made the author hopeless. 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．What a teacher does B．Every child needs a champion C．How students learn from their teachers D．Relationship influences kids’ school life 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了教育中的关系建立及其重要性。作者通过自己的教学经验和母亲的实例，证明了教师和学生之间良好关系对学生学习积极性的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“And one of the things that are not often noticed is the importance of relationships. Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.(其中一件不常被注意到的事情是人际关系的重要性。有人说，没有重要的关系，就不会有重要的学习。这是真的。孩子们甚至可能不会向他们不喜欢的人学习)”可知，作者在第一段中阐述了自己关于教学的观点：没有重要的人际关系，就不会有重要的学习，告诉我们人际关系在教学中的重要价值。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A student missed 18. I put a “+2” on his paper and a big smiling face. I said to him, “You got two right. You didn’t miss them all. And when we review this, won’t you do better?” He said, “Yes, I can do better.” You see, “-18” may be a blow to his pride, but “+2” said, “I am not all bad.”(一个学生漏了18分。我在他的纸上写了一个“+2”和一个大大的笑脸。我对他说：“你对了两个。你没有全错。等我们温习的时候，你会不会做得更好?”他说：“对，我能做得更好。”你看，“-18”可能会打击他的自尊心，但“+2”表明，“我并非一无是处。”)”可知，20道题学生错了18道，如果直接写错了18道，这可能会打击学生的自尊心和自信心。而作者在试卷上写下“+2”并画一个大大的笑脸，是为了认可学生的努力，表明他珍视学生给出的两个正确答案。这有助于让学生对自己的表现感觉良好，并鼓励他在未来做得更好。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“After she retired (退休), some of her kids came and said to her, “You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made me feel like I was somebody.” When my mama died, there were so many students at her funeral (葬礼). (她退休后，她的一些孩子来对她说：“你知道吗，沃克女士，你改变了我的生活。你让我觉得自己很重要。”我妈妈去世的时候，有很多学生参加了她的葬礼)”可知，作者的妈妈沃克女士改变了很多孩子的生活，让他们觉得自己很重要，所以学生们对她充满了感激之情。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Someone says that no important learning can happen without an important relationship. That’s true. Kids may not even learn from people they don’t like.(有人说，没有重要的关系，就不会有重要的学习。这是真的。孩子们甚至可能不会向他们不喜欢的人学习)”和最后一段中“Teaching and learning should bring joy. How influential our world would be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, Who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion (拥护者)! Every child should have a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, and who understands the influence of connection and believes that they can become the best.(教与学应该带来快乐。如果我们的孩子不害怕冒险，不害怕思考，有一个拥护者，我们的世界将会多么有影响力啊!每个孩子都应该有一个拥护者，一个永远不会放弃他们的成年人，一个理解关系的作用并相信他们可以成为最好人的成年人)”可知，这篇文章讨论了教育中的人际关系至关重要，可以对学生的生活产生持久的影响。因此，每个孩子都需要一个永远不会放弃他们，并相信他们能成为最好的自己的成年“拥护者”。“每个孩子都需要一个拥护者”这个标题与文本的主题保持一致，强调积极关系的重要作用。故选B项。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·四川眉山东坡区东坡区·期中) Recently, a company has come up with software that can grade our papers for teachers. With this new software, students submitting their papers online can get immediate feedback (反馈): no more waiting until the professor gets around to grading their work, probably leaving inky fingerprints on the pages. Having a program grade papers would obviously free teachers to do other things, but I think it would be a mistake. As a teacher, I may begin to understand students by their conversation or how they respond in class, but when they actually have to put their thoughts on paper, I can learn a huge amount in a short time. I can see how they think and feel in relation to the material before them, and if they have problems in making connections, organizing arguments, and drawing conclusions. The truth is, students rarely come to college knowing how to write well. This takes a lot of what one of my old professors used to call “correction”. I remember sitting beside him in his office as he went over my papers. He would draw a red pencil through adjectives, suggesting that I find stronger nouns. Don't say it was a “long narrow street. Call it an alley(小巷)if it’s an alley. I learned from him how to make sentences more powerful and how to make arguments more persuasive. Really education lives in sitting side by side with a student, in face-to-face exchange of ideas and feelings. Grading papers often represents the beginning of a good exchange. I think my best teaching moments have occurred off-stage, late at night. I would spot a problem in a student paper and respond at length, in writing, in the margins(页边空白). This would lead to a meeting in my office, where the student would come back at me to discuss what I’d written. The conversation would continue for a very long time. I don’t think any software program is ever going to replace people in education. It may offer some help, but it's not the real thing. 1．What are the advantages of the software? a. It saves teachers a lot of time. b. It gives students a quick response. c. It improves teacher-student relationships. d. It helps teachers find out students’ progress. A．ab B．ad C．be D．cd 2．The author develops Paragraph 3 by ______. A．giving an example B．offering instructions C．making a comparison D．providing explanations. 3．In the author’s opinion, grading students’ papers ______. A．is time-consuming and difficult B．has no effect on students’ studies C．affects teachers’ freedom and development D．is beneficial to teacher-student communication 4．The author mainly argues that ______. A．Software cannot replace real education B．Educational software should be limited C．Students should develop good writing skills D．Professors should improve their academic ability. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文为议论文。文章中作者就软件帮助老师批改作文，节约老师时间，使学生能够快速得到反馈发表了自己的观点，认为真正的教育在于与学生并肩而坐，面对面地交换思想和感情，软件不能取代真正的教育。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently, a company has come up with software that can grade our papers for teachers. With this new software, students submitting their papers online can get immediate feedback（最近，一家公司开发出了一种软件，可以帮老师批改我们的论文。使用这种新的软件，在线提交论文的学生可以得到即时反馈）”可知，这款软件帮助老师批论文，节约老师时间，并且学生能够快速得到反馈，选项中ab符合。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。阅读第三段可知，本段主要说明写好文章需要时间，因为这种能力是在不断地犯错和纠正中习得的。结合下文的“ I remember sitting beside him in his office as he went over my papers. He would draw a red pencil through adjectives, suggesting that I find stronger nouns. Don’t say it was a “long narrow street. Call it an alley(小巷)if it's an alley. I learned from him how to make sentences more powerful and how to make arguments more persuasive.”（我记得他检查我的作文时，我就坐在他的旁边。他会用红色的铅笔划出形容词，建议我找到情感更强烈的名词。不要说“这是一条狭窄的街道”。如果它是小巷就称它为小巷。我从他那里学会了如何让句子更有力，如何让观点更有说服力）可知，本段是通过举例的方式来对论点进行论述。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Really education lives in sitting side by side with a student, in face-to-face exchange of ideas and feelings. Grading papers often represents the beginning of a good exchange.（真正的教育在于与学生并肩而坐，面对面地交换思想和感情。批改论文通常代表着良好交流的开始。）”可推知，作者认为老师批改论文有利于师生交流。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其最后一段“I don’t think any software program is ever going to replace people in education. （我认为任何软件程序都不会取代教育领域的人。）”可知，作者的论点是：软件不能取代真正的教育。故选A项。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·四川内江第二中学·期中) Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction(灭绝). When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animals’ population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks. Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat(威胁). The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant, while the commercial value of beef protects the cow? The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to protect the elephant population. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain(维持) the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts. Governments have tried to solve the elephants’ problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to decrease. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property. With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they own in common with others. ” 1．Why does the author mention buffalo in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a similar threat to elephant. B．To provide an example of species extinction. C．To offer an explanation for government policies. D．To present the statistics of the buffalo in America. 2．Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe? A．They are under different law protection. B．They attract different groups of hunters. C．They contain different commercial value. D．They represent different ownership types. 3．Which of the following can best summarize paragraph 4? A．Bans on killing elephants for ivory. B．Effective laws for elephant protection. C．Methods of making elephants private goods. D．Government policies on the elephants’ problem. 4．What can we learn from Aristotle’s words? A．People hold little regard for others’ property. B．People want to profit from common resources. C．People care more about what they have. D．People tend to take what they own for granted. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过谈论作为公共资源的大象濒临灭绝，而作为私有财产的饲养牛却能安全生存，说明了人们对私有财产比公共资源更加关心的现象。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks. (然而，狩猎水牛在19世纪是如此流行，以至于到了1900年，野牛的数量已经下降到大约400只，直到政府介入保护这个物种。今天在一些国家，大象也面临着类似的挑战，因为非法捕猎者为了获取象牙而捕杀这种动物)”可知，作者之所以提到水牛，是为了介绍大象所面临的类似威胁。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. (原因是大象是一种公共资源，而牛是私人物品。大象在没有主人的情况下自由走动。猎人有强烈的动机去猎杀尽可能多的大象)”及“By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts. (相比之下，牛生活在私人拥有的农场上。每个农场主都在努力维持农场的牲畜数量，因为他们收获了这些努力的成果)”可知，之所以大象面临威胁，而牛是安全的，是因为它们各自代表着不同的所有权类型。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. (各国政府试图通过两种方式来解决大象的问题。一些国家，如肯尼亚和乌干达，已经将猎杀大象和出售象牙定为非法行为)”以及“By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property. (相比之下，其他国家，如马拉维和纳米比亚，则把大象当作私人物品，允许人们猎杀大象，但仅限于在他们自己的领地上)”可知，第四段通过举例说明各国政府对大象的政策。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aristotle所说“What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they own in common with others.(对大多数人来说共同的东西最不被重视，因为所有人都更关心自己的东西，而不是他们与他人共同拥有的东西)”可推知，人们更关心自己所拥有的。故选C项。 1/3 1/3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $