专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编）高二英语上学期人教版

专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——人际互动与教育理念 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·广西来宾·期中） There’s a continuing debate over whether electric vehicles should produce sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians (行人) know they’re on the road. Some think those sounds should be standardized — like the “beep” sound of heavy machinery backing up, indicating “something heavy is coming this way” when hearing it — while others think any sound will do. This is a serious subject. Plug-in hybrid cars (电混动力汽车) and battery electric vehicles are super-quiet, and a study at the University of California, Riverside, pointed out that people listening to recordings on headphones can hear a regular gas car coming from 28 feet away but a hybrid in battery mode only when it’s 7 feet away. In response, the European Union has carried out new rules: all new electric vehicle models must have a sound-producing device, which sounds like a traditional car engine. Starting in 2021, all new electric vehicles of any model will need the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System or AVAS. That sound will come into play when the car is traveling backwards or when it’s traveling at less than 12 miles an hour — speeds at which cars are more likely to be mixing with pedestrians. That’s a nice start, say representatives for the blind, but more is needed. “We’re calling on the government to take this announcement further by requiring AVAS on all existing electric and hybrid vehicles and ensuring drivers have them switched on,” John Welshman, guide dog owner and a staff member of Guide Dogs, said in a statement. Drivers in most cases have the ability to shut off the device when needed. My guess is that they will eventually be standardized so your mind will automatically register “electric car” when you hear it. And that’s probably a good thing to reduce the chaos on the roads. 1．How does the author show electric cars’ quietness? A．By giving reasons. B．By offering examples. C．By presenting data. D．By making comparisons. 2．What can we learn about the AVAS? A．It works only when cars travel fast. B．It makes cars sound like trucks on the road, C．It’s mainly used when vehicles travel forward and fast. D．It’s been required for all new electric vehicles within EU since 2021. 3．What is John Welshman’s attitude towards the new rules? A．Doubtful and negative. B．Supportive but critical. C．Indifferent and unconcerned. D．Disappointed but expectant. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The development of AVAS. B．The quietness of electric cars. C．The debate on electric cars’ sounds. D．The problems with the electric cars. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江鸡西·期中） With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also significant to have a good sense of humour just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when I know he is feeling down in the dumps (闷闷不乐), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co­worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at the corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone couldn’t imagine. This not only relieves anxiety in any situation, but also is common manners to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut laughing while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can’t people get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keeping your anxiety levels under control. Without humour, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medicines to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to overcome the sadness and bring a little light to our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun to laugh together. 4．According to the author, why is humour useful? A．It makes people more confident. B．It can raise people’s spirits. C．It can help people get rid of the cruelty in the world. D．It can help people get on well with others. 5．The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ________ . A．facts and descriptions B．evidence and argument C．examples and conclusion D．stories and persuasion 6．What does the phrase “busting a gut laughing” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Explaining carefully. B．Speaking loud. C．Keeping silent. D．Laughing hard. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·广东佛山·期中） There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structures in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study some subjects if they did not have to. 7．Open education allows the students to _______ . A．grow as the educated B．be responsible for their future C．develop their own interests D．discover subjects outside class 8．Some students will do little in an open classroom because _______ . A．there are too few rules B．they hate activities C．they are tired of learning D．they worry about the rules 9．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Some traditional teachers do not like it. B．Many teachers do not believe in open education. C．Teachers may have problems in open classrooms. D．The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important to the students. 10．Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A．Open education is a really complex idea. B．Open education is better than traditional education. C．Teachers dislike open education. D．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice. 主题02 人与自我——自我认知与心理发展 Passage 1 Sometimes at the Daily we step back at the end of the week’s blizzard of news and current events and suggest something for your leisure time. It’s Father’s Day weekend, and so I want to recommend to you one of my favourite movies, a meditation on generations and fatherhood and loyalty (忠诚) and duty, a warm, nostalgic (令人怀念的) look at families during a simpler time, starring two of America’s most beloved actors. I am talking, of course, about Road to Perdition. If you have not seen it, Road to Perdition is a 2002 film about Irish gangsters (帮派) in the 1930s. But it's really about fathers and sons. A killer named Michael Sullivan (played by Tom Hanks), is fiercely loyal to his boss, John Rooney (played by Paul Newman); indeed, the pair have a father-son relationship. Without giving away too much, Sullivan and his own young son have to go on the run. It’s a father-son road-trip movie, except with tommy guns and stone killers. You may find this an unusual recommendation. Bear with me. When Father’s Day rolls around, I naturally think of my own father. I have never been able to relate to all those Hallmark cards, Ward Cleaver (a perfect father in the American television sitcom Leave It to Beaver) images. My dad was a complicated man. He bore a lot of sins (罪恶) and had a lot of shortcomings, but he had a consistent code of ethics in dealing with others and he was known for it. He kept his word, paid his debts, and treated others with respect. He was the kind of man who, when he walked into a local bar, would be called Nick by his peers but unfailingly referred to as “Mr. Nichols” by younger men. Even our younger neighbours called him “Mr. Nichols, ” with great affection. I think most of us have fathers who are not perfect. Mine wasn’t, and yet he taught me important things: Do an honest day’s work; love your country; do things you have to do even if they are unpleasant; never back down if you know you are right; be courteous (有礼貌的) in public. He was not the blueprint for a good husband or father, and he knew it. When I was in my thirties, he admitted to my mother that he thought I had grown up to be a better man than he was. This is a hard thing to learn about your father, a source of both pride and sadness. That brings me back to Road to Perdition. When Sullivan has to go on the run, the son finally learns what the father he admires actually does for a living, and that Rooney is not a kindly grandfather but a cold-blooded boss in a crime family. These men are scoundrels, but they have a code, and their obedience (服从) to that code eventually leads them to tragic choices. The last line of the movie is what ties it all to my memories of my own boyhood. Sullivan’s young son recalls, saying: “When people ask me if Michael Sullivan was a good man, or if there was just no good in him at all, I always give the same answer. I just tell them: ‘He was my father. ’ ” That is the most honest thing most of us can say about our fathers. We love them, and they love us, and that’s enough. 1．According to the article, Road to Perdition is “an unusual recommendation” for Father’s Day mainly because _________. A．it’s known as a gangster film B．it explores themes of adventure C．it’s a film with an unknown cast D．its story is set nearly 100 years ago 2．According to the article, the author’s father _________. ①was a man of his word        ②was too proud to admit failure ③never failed to stick to his principles        ④earned the respect of those around him A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．According to the article, in Road to Perdition, finding out his father’s true identity _________. A．leaves Sullivan’s son disappointed B．forces Rooney to commit crimes again C．makes Sullivan’s son into a tragic hero D．doesn’t change how Sullivan’s son sees him 4．The author’s purpose in writing this article was to _________. A．remind readers to spend Father’s Day with their fathers B．inspire readers to rethink their relationship with their fathers C．persuade readers to tolerate the imperfections of their fathers D．recommend a movie to readers that they can watch with their fathers Passage 2 （24-25高二上·宁夏中卫·期中） Thinking back on the college recommendations I’ve written, a pattern occurs: The most successful students are never merely great students. They are devoted to at least six other pursuits. How can a kid write such detailed reading journals on Dante, excel in painting and find the time to edit the school newspaper, volunteer at her city councilman’s office, run a half-marathon, take photography classes and write prize-winning poetry on the side? “Our age respects the specialist,” writes Robert Twigger, “but humans are natural polymaths (博学者) .” It’s not just the youngsters who can join the polymath party. The sumption that learning stops when you leave university is at odds with the evidence. It appears that a great deal depends on the nucleus basalis. This bit of the brain produces significant amounts of acetylcholine that regulates the rate at which new connections are made between brain cells. This in turn determines how readily we form memories of various kinds. So what’s the trick to letting the acetylcholine flow more plentifully? Twigger again: People as old as 90 who actively acquire new interests retain their ability to learn. But if we stop taxing the nucleus basalis, it begins to dry up. In some older people it has been shown to contain no acetylcholine. But simply attempting new things seems to offer benefits to people. After only short periods of trying, the ability to make new connections develops. Two years ago, I had some newfound headspace to write a piece for The New York Times. I had no idea if I’d be able to keep up the writing while being a dad and a teacher and a runner, but I thought I’d give it a try. And a few months later I started blogging for The Economist as well. Adding new activities to my plate seems to have given me a new source of energy, and sometimes when I’m worn out, I’m also, strangely, uplifted. It undervalues our lives to willingly enter into mindless routines. Make stuff. Pursue a new interest. Consider career changes, even if you don’t actually make one. Stop this, start that. Do something new. Come on, it’s good for you. 5．What does the author find about the most successful students? A．They are gifted in arts. B．They are all-round athletes. C．They have wide-ranging interests. D．They make efforts to promote the public good. 6．What does the author intend to illustrate by quoting Twigger in paragraph 4? A．How to enhance the brain’s capacity for learning. B．Why humans are natural polymaths. C．What is the key to a good memory. D．What to do to age slowly. 7．How does the author describe writing in his spare time? A．It makes him struggle to balance many roles. B．It recharges his passion and enthusiasm. C．It enables him to follow his daily routines. D．It makes him question his career choices. 8．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Find their true interest and specialize in it. B．Prioritize academic achievement. C．Break their comfort zones and enjoy new challenges. D．Seek out groundbreaking and pioneering work. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海·期中）Daydreaming It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. 9．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A．the problems with the brain health B．the problems with focus C．the problems with modern technology D．the problems with daydreaming 10．Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A．Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B．Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C．Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D．Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 11．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B．the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C．the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D．we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 12．As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A．negative B．supportive C．neutral D．doubtful 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·福建泉州·期中） As a zookeeper recovers in hospital after she was attacked by two lions at Shoalhaven Zoo, it’s time for us to take a long, hard look at the ethics of keeping wild animals in captivity. Similar incidents of attacks on humans occur frequently. It shows the stress and anxiety that animals held captive in zoos, circuses (马戏团) and marine parks experience every day of their lives. And who can blame them for lashing out? Can you imagine having every aspect of your life controlled? Having your family torn apart, not being able to choose what to eat, when to sleep, where to go, or anything else? It would surely drive any one of us insane. So it should come as no surprise that in 2014 zookeeper Trent Burton suffered serious injuries to both his hands from a crocodile attack. And that in 2008 Arna the elephant killed circus trainer Ray Williams by crushing him in her enclosure (圈舍). Or that in 2001 lion trainer Geoffrey Lennon was mauled by three lions during a performance. Even the “best” zoos can’t, and don’t, guarantee the safety of the animals they keep for profit, members of the public who come to view them, or the zookeepers. Who can forget Harambe? The gorilla (大猩猩) was gunned down after a young boy managed to crawl through a fence before falling into his enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo. These animals are not where they belong. Nevertheless, zoos continue to breed them to produce crowd-pleasing babies. And most zoos get rid of “surplus (多余的)” animals — either by killing them or selling or trading them to other zoos or exotic (珍奇的) animal dealers. Then there’s the fact that the vast majority of species kept in zoos are not endangered (濒危的). All the cages in the world won’t save animals from extinction (灭绝). Breeding more animals for life in captivity won’t do anything to help improve the species’ population in nature. Instead, we must address the fundamental causes of species endangerment: habitat destruction, poaching (偷猎)and the exotic animal trade. As for the lions who attacked the zookeeper at Shoalhaven, the zoo’s owner says they won’t be euthanized (施以安乐死) after an investigation. But what was there to investigate? These lions simply acted like lions. The solution is to stop breeding more animals and to retire the ones already in captivity to sanctuaries (保护区) where they can have a normal life. 1．What’s the author’s intention in citing the examples of animal attacks in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the cruelty of wild animals. B．To criticize people who keep wild animals in captivity. C．To show the stress and anxiety that caged animals experience. D．To inspire people to understand the consequences of imprisoning wild animals. 2．According to the author, what measures should we really be taking to prevent the extinction of species? ①Guarding against poachers.         ②Fighting against the exotic animal trade. ③Protecting the natural habitats of wildlife.     ④ Releasing all caged animals into the wild. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．We can infer from the last paragraph that the zoo animals that have attacked people most probably end up being __________. A．put to death B．sold to other zoos C．locked up alone in cages D．sent away to sanctuaries Passage 2 （24-25高二上·广西·期中） Text 1 When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting it. Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also bad, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. Because of climate change, there is less ice now, which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue. Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong. Overfishing is another problem. Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. Text 2 The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions. It is huge, but it is more sensitive than we think. If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us. To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future. For example, scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change. We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. Therefore, more research is necessary. Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may help us discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance. 4．According to Text 1, what is the main concern about sea exploration? A．It costs too much money. B．It causes environmental damage. C．It is too dangerous for scientists. D．It has no real benefits for humans. 5．The word “murdering” in Text 1 (Paragraph 4) is used to emphasize ______. A．the scientific value of hunting B．the cruelty of killing whales and dolphins C．the legality of the activity D．the necessity for research 6．Text 2 argues that sea exploration is necessary mainly because it helps humans to ______. A．find new places to live B．take resources from the Arctic C．understand and protect the planet D．reduce dependence on land resources 7．Both texts mention “resources under the sea/ice”, but they differ in their focus. Text 1 links them to ______, while Text 2 links them to ______. A．climate change / medical research B．pollution / earthquake prediction C．environmental risks / future development D．overfishing / new energy sources Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·期中） The world is facing a critical challenge: the over-reliance on fossil fuels has led to severe environmental problems, including air pollution and global warming. To address these issues, transitioning to renewable energy sources has become an urgent necessity.​ Solar power, one of the most accessible renewable energies, offers numerous benefits. Unlike coal or oil, solar panels produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases, thus reducing carbon footprints. Moreover, solar energy is abundant in most regions, making it a reliable alternative. Many households have already installed solar panels on their rooftops, not only contributing to environmental protection but also saving on electricity bills in the long run.​ Wind energy is another promising option. Wind turbines, often placed in coastal areas or open plains, convert wind power into electricity efficiently. Countries like Denmark and Germany have made significant progress in wind energy development, with wind power accounting for a large portion of their total energy consumption. This shift has not only reduced their dependence on fossil fuels but also created new job opportunities in the renewable energy sector.​ However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of installing solar panels or wind turbines is relatively high, which may discourage some individuals and businesses. Additionally, renewable energy production is affected by weather conditions, leading to instability in supply. To overcome these obstacles, governments should provide financial incentives, such as tax breaks, and invest in research to improve energy storage technologies.​ In conclusion, renewable energy is key to achieving environmental protection and sustainable development. By embracing solar, wind, and other renewable sources, we can reduce environmental damage, ensure energy security, and create a healthier planet for future generations.​​ 8.What is the main advantage of solar power mentioned in the passage?​ A. It is the cheapest energy source.​ B. It does not produce greenhouse gases.​ C. It can be used in all regions.​ D. It requires little maintenance.​ 9.The author mentions Denmark and Germany to show that ______.​ A. European countries are richer.​ B. wind energy is developing well in some countries.​ C. these countries have no fossil fuels.​ D. wind turbines are easy to install.​ 10.What does the underlined word "transition" in paragraph 1 probably mean?​ A. Change​ B. Return​ C. Review​ D. Preservation​ 11.What is the author's attitude towards renewable energy?​ A. Doubtful​ B. Neutral​ C. Supportive​ D. Critical 主题01 人与社会——旅游与休闲活动 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中） The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play have an important part in keeping you healthy. Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger. Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important to the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling. Anyway, adding humor, laughter and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier. 1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Of great importance. B．Able to keep people in high spirits. C．Capable of quickly influencing other people. D．Able to prevent illness from spreading. 2．What can laughter increase according to the author? A．Cognitive abilities. B．Good relationships. C．A sense of humor. D．Responsibility and trust. 3．What does the author think the old should do? A．They should have a good rest. B．They should play like children. C．They should prevent cognitive falling. D．They should take part in physical play. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy C．Have an Active and Happy Life D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax Passage 2 （24-25高二上·甘肃天水·期中） With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to volunteer. However, the benefits of volunteering can be great. Volunteering offers vital help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer. While it’s true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you’ll experience. Volunteering doesn’t have to involve a long-term commitment or take a huge amount of time out of your busy day. Giving in even simple ways can help those in need and improve your health and happiness. The right match can help you to connect with the community, learn new skills, find new friends, and even advance your career. One of the well-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community. Volunteering allows you to connect to your community and make it a better place. Even helping out with the smallest tasks can make a real difference to the lives of people, animals, and organizations in need. And volunteering is a two-way street: It can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills. Volunteering also increases your social and relationship skills. While some people are naturally outgoing, others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests. Once you have momentum, it’s easier to branch out and make more friends and contacts. Furthermore, one of the best ways to make new friends and strengthen existing relationships is to commit to a shared activity together. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It strengthens your ties to the community and broadens your support network, exposing you to people with common interests, neighborhood resources, and fun and fulfilling activities. 5．What does the author mean by saying “volunteering is a two-way street”? A．It needs your time and practice. B．It needs both courage and devotion. C．It benefits both givers and takers. D．It has both strengths and weaknesses. 6．What does the underlined word “momentum” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Determination. B．Motivation. C．Information. D．Experience. 7．What might the author continue talking about? A．Why volunteering is a must to your community. B．How volunteering is helpful for you to make friends. C．Why volunteering is beneficial to your mind and body. D．How volunteering is crucial for your future occupation. 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Advantages of Volunteer Activities B．Volunteering and Your Friendship C．Puzzles in Doing Volunteer Activities D．Ways to Find People with Common Interests Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·期中） On a cool night in San Francisco, a man calling himself Motor Mouth patrols (巡逻) the streets, looking to lend a hand to anyone needing aid. Dressed in a costume that includes a black mask to cover his face, Motor Mouth is one of a growing number of real-life “superheroes”. People belonging to this group do not have actual superpowers, but they do want to help their communities and make the world a safer place. In 2001, more than 300 people claimed to participate in the real-life superhero movement. Some people, such as Benjamin Fodor, who also uses the name Phoenix Jones when wearing his mask and cape (披风), have received a lot of media attention. However, many of the other real-life superhero participants keep low profiles. Most prefer to fit in with everyone else. Do these real-life superheroes actually help? It depends on whom you ask. Phoenix Jones claims to have stopped robberies and fights, but the police say that his actions sometimes interfere with their work. They even had to arrest him once for spraying (喷洒) someone with pepper spray. In general, it is dangerous for people to involve themselves in potentially violent situations such as break-ins or fights. Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals, and they advise would-be heroes to safely gather information about the crime and immediately call the police instead. The real-life superheroes and their supporters claim that they are responding to needs in their communities that police officers are unable to meet. They point out that the vast majority of real-life superheroes perform community service work, such as helping to feed the homeless. They also claim that the superheroes are positive symbols for their communities, inspiring others to do good deeds. 9．What can we infer about Phoenix Jones? A．He is a character in a superhero film. B．He is a real-life superhero. C．He always helps the police. D．He wants to be a policeman. 10．What does the underlined phrase “keep low profiles” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Avoid publicity. B．Stay positive. C．Follow the order. D．Keep busy. 11．What did the police think of superheroes in the community? A．They will cause more crime. B．They disturb people’s life. C．They lack professional training. D．They know little about crime. 12．What is many real-life superheroes’ opinion on themselves? A．They have unique abilities. B．They lower national crime rates. C．They can satisfy the police’s needs. D．They help a lot in their communities. 主题02 人与自我——个人成长与人生价值 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·浙江金华·期中） A single-minded, tireless drive — that’s what it takes to be successful. Be “all in”. Burn the boats behind us. That message is rooted in our society, from self-help books to social media influencers all telling us that we need to commit more. The world continually sends the signal to narrowly define your goals. In my senior year, I became the fastest high-school miler in the country when I ran a 4:01 mile. When my progress as a runner reached a bottleneck, my sports psychologist told me a story about a world-class runner who had become stuck while struggling to make the transition from success in college to Olympic-level performance. “What helped her break through?” I asked. “Knitting (编织).” he replied. She had taken up knitting to relax and to take her mind off running. I was too young and stubborn to follow the advice. I doubled down — but never ran faster than my high-school record or broke a 4-minute mile. In the years since, working as a coach with top-class performers, I kept noticing that their single-minded focus was getting in their way. Their focus on achieving specific goals had become a constant, disabling signal that they were not measuring up. This single-minded approach was backfiring. Research backs this up. Researchers at Michigan State University looked at over 100 years of Nobel Prize-winning scientists and found they were more likely than their less-accomplished peers to have creative interests outside of their research. The prize-winners were 22 times more likely to perform, sing or act as a hobby;12 times more likely to pursue creative writing; and about 7 times more likely to participate in a craft like sculpting. To be sure: The more we care, and the more our job or pursuit feels like a part of who we are, the harder we’ll work. That’s helpful to a certain point. But such narrowing comes with a downside. As we get rid of other parts of ourselves, and that one activity becomes an ever bigger presence, fear starts to take over. We don’t just want to succeed. We have to. When outcomes are all that matter, our immediate response isn’t to become a fighter. It’s to retreat (退缩). So, the secret is to go in a different direction. When the world screams to go narrow, top-class performers learn to go broad. 1．How did the author respond after hearing the story of the world-class runner? A．He pushed himself harder. B．He adjusted his training methods. C．He took some time off from running. D．He adopted knitting as a stress-reliever. 2．What do we know about Nobel Prize-winning scientists in the research? A．They spent more time on research than others. B．They avoided entertainments to maintain focus. C．Their diverse hobbies contributed to their achievements. D．Their research covers a wider range of fields than their peers. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the single-minded approach? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Tolerant. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text? A．Why “All in” Is No Recipe for Success B．Breaking Through Fear in Competitive Fields C．Why Hobbies Outweigh Professional Training D．Narrowing Down Your Focus to Achieve More Passage 2 （24-25高二上·北京丰台·期中）Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely mention a list of goods. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either prerequisites (先决条件) for happiness or were goods that came to the virtuous. But consider this thought experiment. Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. Towards the end of his career (across which he has earned $20 million, mostly at the start), he finally retires into humble obscurity (默默无闻). As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. If we view their lives as a sort of balance sheet of experiential profit and loss, they both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. The only difference is that Ybot experiences those goods and bads inversely to Toby. If flourishing is just a matter of enjoying certain goods, then it seems both actors flourish to the same extent. Yet most of us would much prefer to live like Toby than Ybot. But why should that make a difference, if both lives contain the same net benefits? When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence. What the shape of life hypothesis suggests is that our lives are not simply bags into which we cream good things and bad things. The type of life it is—the genre of that life-story, so to speak—matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wonderful things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 5．What does the word “inversely” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Similarly. B．Oppositely C．Relatively. D．Exclusively. 6．The author introduces the “shape of life” hypothesis by ______ . A．clarifying a goal B．analyzing an event C．challenging an established notion D．introducing contrasting viewpoints 7．Which would the author agree with? A．Early success followed by failure feels worse than late success. B．A life with more goods is better than one with fewer possessions. C．The “balance sheet” model is a powerful tool to define the good life. D．Hardships and misfortune are essential factors in judging the quality of life. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中） In contemporary society, we find ourselves at a curious crossroads regarding solitude (独处) . Recent studies reveal a significant increase in solitary living, with more individuals choosing to dine, travel, and reside alone than at any point in recorded history. While mental health experts rightly highlight the dangers of chronic (慢性的) loneliness, this important discussion often overlooks a crucial distinction - the difference between involuntary isolation and what psychologists term “positive solitude,” a restorative state associated with enhanced well-being and personal growth. Actually, solitude has various benefits confirmed both by academic study and personal experiences. Quality alone time serves as an emotional reset button, offering space for self-reflection and psychological recovery. The commercial sector has taken note, with an emerging market for solitude-enhancing products and spaces. Yet despite these indicators of value, cultural prejudices persist, particularly in societies that equate constant connectivity with success. The critical factor determining solitude’s impact lies in its quality and intentionality. Passive digital consumption-particularly the endless browsing through social media feeds-fails to deliver solitude’s psychological benefits. Authentic solitude requires deliberate disconnection: periods dedicated to self-directed activities, uninterrupted reflection, and emotional self-adjustment. This explains the paradox (矛盾) where many recognize solitude’s importance for mental health yet struggle to experience its restorative effects. Younger generations face particular challenges in this regard, often replacing meaningful solitude with virtual interactions. The path forward involves thoughtful reframing-regarding alone time as “self-connection rather than isolation, and understanding solitude as complementary (相互补充的) to social needs rather than oppositional”. In our hyper-connected age, the growing preference for solitude may represent not social withdrawal, but a natural correction to constant connectivity-an attempt to reclaim the quiet spaces where we reconnect with our authentic selves. As we navigate this complex field, it becomes increasingly clear that the ability to be comfortably alone is not just a personal preference, but a vital life skill for maintaining psychological balance in an increasingly demanding world. 8．What do we know about mental health experts in paragraph 1? A．They believe loneliness enhances well-being. B．They fail to distinguish different types of solitude. C．They hold solitary living is on the rise. D．They regard solitude as involuntary isolation. 9．Which of the following belongs to quality alone time? A．Periods dedicated to surfing the Internet. B．Time spent in emotional restoration. C．Periods dedicated to seeking products. D．Time spent in connectivity with success. 10．According to paragraph 4, what is the key difference between viewing solitude as “self-connection” versus “isolation”? A．Self-connection suggests a positive chosen state. B．Self-connection implies profound social interaction C．Isolation is more scientific and beneficial to us. D．Isolation can coexist with social interaction. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．What is the definition of solitude? B．Why should we remain alone in the digital age? C．Why alone time is good for you? D．How should we boost the power of solitude? 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西榆林·期中） How might you make your mark on the world forever? Write a play greater than Shakespeare’s, or score the winning World Cup goal? There’s an easier way——just live your everyday life. You’ll likely leave a fascinating legacy(遗产) that might last a billion years. As palaeontologists(古生物学家), we have studied the fossil record of the deep past. We’ve now turned our attention to the everyday objects, to see what kind of future fossils—we call them technofossils—they will make. We’ve written about this in our new book, Discarded: how technofossils will be our ultimate legacy. Here are some key messages: The first things that’ll catch the eye of any far-future palaeontologist are our manufactured objects buildings, roads, machines. In recent decades, they have rocketed in amount and now outweigh all living things on Earth. That’s a lot of raw material for generating future fossils. Then, most things are designed to be durable and are significantly tougher than the average bone or shell. Some, like aluminium (铝) cans, are geological novelties. Discarded aluminium cans are now everywhere. Though resistant, buried cans will slowly break down, leaving can-shaped impressions, lined with tiny minerals. Their plastic liner may endure, forming future fossil signatures of our era. Bones, classic fossil relics, will tell a story. The supermarket chicken, now Earth’s most common bird, has a high chance of fossilization. Buried in plastic-lined landfills, they will dry out, harden and turn to stone. Future geologists may see their weak, deformed remains as evidence of human-driven genetic changes for mass production. It’s fun to imagine this and place the human story within Earth’s grand history. But there’s a more troubling truth. Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution: damaging, often toxic, and costly. If we fail to act, these technofossils will serve as a lasting reminder of environmental neglect, locking in harm for future generations. 1．What can we learn about technofossils from the text? A．They are made up of natural materials. B．They are formed from daily pollutants. C．They have higher fossilization rates. D．They disappear quickly without a trace. 2．Why are the supermarket chickens mentioned in the text? A．To explain why chickens are the most common birds. B．To highlight why chickens have genetically changed. C．To show how plastic waste preserves organic remains. D．To illustrate how living creatures might become fossils. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards technofossils? A．Concerned. B．Disturbed. C．Realistic. D．Dismissive. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Technofossils: Ultimate Legacy or Future Pollution? B．Legacy: Traditional Fossils and Technofossils? C．How to Keep Fascinating World of Palaeontology D．How to Make Your Mark on the World Forever Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江西南昌·期中） Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. However, human activities have caused severe damage to marine ecosystems, making ocean protection an urgent task for sustainable development.​ Plastic pollution is one of the most serious threats to oceans. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the sea, harming marine life. Sea turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, and fish get trapped in plastic nets. This not only disrupts the food chain but also affects human health when contaminated seafood is consumed. To reduce plastic pollution, individuals should minimize the use of single-use plastics, while governments should implement stricter regulations on plastic production and disposal.​ Overfishing is another major issue. Many fish species are on the verge of extinction due to excessive fishing. This not only reduces biodiversity but also threatens the livelihoods of people who depend on fishing. Implementing sustainable fishing practices, such as setting catch limits and protecting spawning grounds, is essential to restore marine populations.​ Furthermore, ocean acidification, caused by increased carbon dioxide absorption, weakens coral reefs and shell-forming organisms. Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, like mangroves and seagrass beds, can help mitigate this problem as they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.​ In summary, protecting oceans is vital for both ecological balance and human well-being. By reducing pollution, practicing sustainable fishing, and addressing acidification, we can ensure the oceans continue to support life on Earth.​ 5.Why is plastic pollution harmful to humans?​ A. It damages fishing boats.​ B. Contaminated seafood affects health.​ C. It blocks shipping routes.​ D. It causes skin diseases.​ 6.What does "overfishing" mean according to the passage?​ A. Fishing in the wrong season.​ B. Fishing with outdated equipment.​ C. Catching too many fish.​ D. Fishing in protected areas.​ 7.How can coastal ecosystems help with ocean acidification?​ A. They produce oxygen.​ B. They absorb much carbon dioxide.​ C. They prevent storms.​ D. They cool the ocean water.​ 8.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. Oceans are important for tourism.​ B. Human activities are destroying oceans.​ C. We must take action to protect oceans.​ D. Marine life is facing many dangers. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南安阳·期中） Forests are often called the "lungs of the Earth" because they absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, playing a vital role in regulating the global climate. However, deforestation and unsustainable logging practices have led to severe environmental consequences, making sustainable forest management essential.​ Deforestation, mainly caused by agricultural expansion and illegal logging, results in the loss of biodiversity. Thousands of plant and animal species lose their habitats, leading to extinction. Additionally, when trees are cut down, the carbon stored in them is released into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. To combat deforestation, governments must enforce laws against illegal logging and promote reforestation programs.​ Sustainable logging practices are crucial for balancing human needs and environmental protection. Selective cutting, where only mature trees are harvested, allows young trees to grow and maintain the forest's ecological function. Moreover, replanting trees after logging ensures that forests can regenerate. This approach not only provides timber for human use but also preserves the forest's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.​ Local communities also play a key role in sustainable forest management. Involving indigenous people and local residents in decision-making processes ensures that forest resources are used responsibly. These communities often have traditional knowledge about forest conservation, which can be combined with modern science to develop effective management strategies. For example, some communities practice agroforestry, growing crops alongside trees to meet their needs without destroying the forest.​ In conclusion, sustainable forest management is essential for preserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and meeting human needs. By combating deforestation, adopting sustainable logging practices, and involving local communities, we can ensure that forests continue to thrive for generations to come.​ 9.Why are forests called the "lungs of the Earth"?​ A. They are full of fresh air.​ B. They absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.​ C. They provide shelter for animals.​ D. They prevent soil erosion.​ 10.What is the result of deforestation mentioned in the passage?​ A. Increased rainfall.​ B. Loss of biodiversity.​ C. Better agricultural production.​ D. Reduced carbon dioxide.​ 11.What does "regenerate" in paragraph 3 probably mean?​ A. Disappear​ B. Recover​ C. Die​ D. Shrink​ 12.How can local communities contribute to sustainable forest management?​ A. By cutting down all trees for profit.​ B. By ignoring traditional knowledge.​ C. By participating in decision-making and using traditional knowledge.​ D. By opposing reforestation programs. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会——人际互动与教育理念 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·广西来宾·期中） There’s a continuing debate over whether electric vehicles should produce sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians (行人) know they’re on the road. Some think those sounds should be standardized — like the “beep” sound of heavy machinery backing up, indicating “something heavy is coming this way” when hearing it — while others think any sound will do. This is a serious subject. Plug-in hybrid cars (电混动力汽车) and battery electric vehicles are super-quiet, and a study at the University of California, Riverside, pointed out that people listening to recordings on headphones can hear a regular gas car coming from 28 feet away but a hybrid in battery mode only when it’s 7 feet away. In response, the European Union has carried out new rules: all new electric vehicle models must have a sound-producing device, which sounds like a traditional car engine. Starting in 2021, all new electric vehicles of any model will need the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System or AVAS. That sound will come into play when the car is traveling backwards or when it’s traveling at less than 12 miles an hour — speeds at which cars are more likely to be mixing with pedestrians. That’s a nice start, say representatives for the blind, but more is needed. “We’re calling on the government to take this announcement further by requiring AVAS on all existing electric and hybrid vehicles and ensuring drivers have them switched on,” John Welshman, guide dog owner and a staff member of Guide Dogs, said in a statement. Drivers in most cases have the ability to shut off the device when needed. My guess is that they will eventually be standardized so your mind will automatically register “electric car” when you hear it. And that’s probably a good thing to reduce the chaos on the roads. 1．How does the author show electric cars’ quietness? A．By giving reasons. B．By offering examples. C．By presenting data. D．By making comparisons. 2．What can we learn about the AVAS? A．It works only when cars travel fast. B．It makes cars sound like trucks on the road, C．It’s mainly used when vehicles travel forward and fast. D．It’s been required for all new electric vehicles within EU since 2021. 3．What is John Welshman’s attitude towards the new rules? A．Doubtful and negative. B．Supportive but critical. C．Indifferent and unconcerned. D．Disappointed but expectant. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The development of AVAS. B．The quietness of electric cars. C．The debate on electric cars’ sounds. D．The problems with the electric cars. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了电动汽车是否应该发出声音以提醒盲人和其他行人，以及欧盟对此实施的新规定。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Plug-in hybrid cars and battery electric vehicles are super-quiet, and a study at the University of California, Riverside, pointed out that people listening to recordings on headphones can hear a regular gas car coming from 28 feet away but a hybrid in battery mode only when it’s 7 feet away.(插电式混合动力汽车和电池电动汽车非常安静，加州大学河滨分校的一项研究指出，戴耳机听录音的人可以听到一辆普通汽油车从28英尺外驶来，但电池模式下的混合动力车只有在7英尺外才能听到。)”可知，作者通过将普通汽油车和电池模式下的混合动力车的声音进行对比，从而展示电动汽车的安静性。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In response, the European Union has carried out new rules: all new electric vehicle models must have a sound-producing device, which sounds like a traditional car engine. Starting in 2021, all new electric vehicles of any model will need the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System or AVAS.(作为回应，欧盟实施了新规定：所有新型电动汽车都必须配备一个声音装置，听起来像传统汽车发动机。从2021年开始，任何型号的新电动汽车都需要声学车辆警报系统或AVAS。)”可知，自2021年以来，欧盟所有新电动汽车都必须配备AVAS。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“We’re calling on the government to take this announcement further by requiring AVAS on all existing electric and hybrid vehicles and ensuring drivers have them switched on.(我们呼吁政府进一步推进这一公告，要求所有现有电动和混合动力汽车都配备AVAS，并确保驾驶员打开它们。)”可知，John Welshman对新规定持支持的态度，但是他认为需要进一步推进这一公告，即他对此也持批评的态度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s a continuing debate over whether electric vehicles should produce sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians know they’re on the road.(关于电动汽车是否应该发出声音，让盲人和其他行人知道它们在路上，目前仍在持续争论中。)”和全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了电动汽车是否应该发出声音以提醒盲人和其他行人，即关于电动汽车声音的争论。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江鸡西·期中） With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it’s not only necessary, but also significant to have a good sense of humour just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when I know he is feeling down in the dumps (闷闷不乐), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co­worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at the corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My grandma always found humour in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone couldn’t imagine. This not only relieves anxiety in any situation, but also is common manners to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut laughing while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can’t people get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keeping your anxiety levels under control. Without humour, we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medicines to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to overcome the sadness and bring a little light to our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun to laugh together. 4．According to the author, why is humour useful? A．It makes people more confident. B．It can raise people’s spirits. C．It can help people get rid of the cruelty in the world. D．It can help people get on well with others. 5．The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ________ . A．facts and descriptions B．evidence and argument C．examples and conclusion D．stories and persuasion 6．What does the phrase “busting a gut laughing” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Explaining carefully. B．Speaking loud. C．Keeping silent. D．Laughing hard. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了幽默在生活中有积极的意义，鼓励人们在生活中要幽默一些。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Putting a smile on someone’s face when I know he is feeling down in the dumps (闷闷不乐), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. (俗话说，当我知道别人情绪低落时，让他脸上露出笑容，会让我感觉很好，也温暖我的心。)”以及最后一段“We all need to find a way to overcome the sadness and bring a little light to our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun to laugh together. (我们都需要找到一种方法来克服悲伤，给我们的生活带来一点光明。所以，我相信我们最好的良药是聚在一起讲些笑话，一起开心地笑。)”可知，幽默能让人振作精神。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。第二段先提出问题“How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co­worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at the corner store? (如果你不能和你的妻子、丈夫、孩子、同事、邻居、密友，甚至只是你在街角商店排队的人开玩笑，你会有什么感觉？)”，接着举了自己总是说让别人笑的话以及祖母在任何事中都能发现幽默的例子，最后得出“This not only relieves anxiety in any situation, but also is common manners to speak to others that are around you. (这不仅可以减轻你在任何情况下的焦虑，也是你和周围人说话的一种礼貌。)”的结论，所以是用例子和结论来回答问题，故选C项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut laughing while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. (听到一个大笑话后，他们周围的每个人都可能在地板上打滚，但他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝笑容。他们不懂能让别人发笑的笑话。他们只是坐在那里，看着我，好像我来自外太空，我 busting a gut laughing 。)”可知，这里前后形成对比，别人不笑而作者在大笑，所以“busting a gut laughing”意为“开怀大笑”。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·广东佛山·期中） There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structures in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study some subjects if they did not have to. 7．Open education allows the students to _______ . A．grow as the educated B．be responsible for their future C．develop their own interests D．discover subjects outside class 8．Some students will do little in an open classroom because _______ . A．there are too few rules B．they hate activities C．they are tired of learning D．they worry about the rules 9．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Some traditional teachers do not like it. B．Many teachers do not believe in open education. C．Teachers may have problems in open classrooms. D．The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important to the students. 10．Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A．Open education is a really complex idea. B．Open education is better than traditional education. C．Teachers dislike open education. D．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice. 【答案】7．C 8．A 9．D 10. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章客观分析了开放式教育的利弊，阐述了人们对于开放式教育的看法。而作者认为开放教育是个不错的主意，但从理论上来说是如此。但实际上，它在真实的课堂或学校中可能效果并不理想。 7．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. (这种教学方式能让学生们在成长过程中不断完善自我，并在众多学科领域培养起自己的兴趣爱好。)”可知，开放式教育可以让学生们发展自己的兴趣爱好。故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. (对于一些学生来说，规则太少了。这些学生在学校里几乎不会有什么作为。)”可知， 开放式教育规则很少，对于一些学生来说几乎没有约束，从而使得这些学生在学校里几乎不会有什么作为。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. (关于开放式教育的最后一点是，一些传统教师并不喜欢这种模式。许多教师并不认同开放教育的理念。那些希望拥有开放课堂的教师可能会在他们的学校遇到诸多问题。)”可知，文章中分别提及了A项“Some traditional teachers do not like it. (一些传统教师并不喜欢这种做法。)”，B项“Many teachers do not believe in open education. (许多教师不相信开放教育。)”，C项“Teachers may have problems in open classrooms. (在开放课堂中，教师可能会遇到一些问题。)”，而 D项“The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important to the students. (老师的感受和态度对学生很重要。)”在文中没有提及。故选D项。 10．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章核心话题为“open education (开放式教育)”，同时结合末尾段内容“Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. (它的一些优点和缺点已经得到了解释。你可能对开放教育有自己的看法。笔者认为开放教育是一个好主意，但只是在理论上。事实上，它在真实的课堂或学校可能效果不佳。)”可知，文章客观分析了开放式教育的利弊，阐述人们对于开放式教育不应该满盘接受，开放式教育的理念在执行上是有一定困难的。选项A“Open education is a really complex idea. (开放式教育是一个非常复杂的概念。)”是对文章的最好总结。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——自我认知与心理发展 Passage 1 Sometimes at the Daily we step back at the end of the week’s blizzard of news and current events and suggest something for your leisure time. It’s Father’s Day weekend, and so I want to recommend to you one of my favourite movies, a meditation on generations and fatherhood and loyalty (忠诚) and duty, a warm, nostalgic (令人怀念的) look at families during a simpler time, starring two of America’s most beloved actors. I am talking, of course, about Road to Perdition. If you have not seen it, Road to Perdition is a 2002 film about Irish gangsters (帮派) in the 1930s. But it's really about fathers and sons. A killer named Michael Sullivan (played by Tom Hanks), is fiercely loyal to his boss, John Rooney (played by Paul Newman); indeed, the pair have a father-son relationship. Without giving away too much, Sullivan and his own young son have to go on the run. It’s a father-son road-trip movie, except with tommy guns and stone killers. You may find this an unusual recommendation. Bear with me. When Father’s Day rolls around, I naturally think of my own father. I have never been able to relate to all those Hallmark cards, Ward Cleaver (a perfect father in the American television sitcom Leave It to Beaver) images. My dad was a complicated man. He bore a lot of sins (罪恶) and had a lot of shortcomings, but he had a consistent code of ethics in dealing with others and he was known for it. He kept his word, paid his debts, and treated others with respect. He was the kind of man who, when he walked into a local bar, would be called Nick by his peers but unfailingly referred to as “Mr. Nichols” by younger men. Even our younger neighbours called him “Mr. Nichols, ” with great affection. I think most of us have fathers who are not perfect. Mine wasn’t, and yet he taught me important things: Do an honest day’s work; love your country; do things you have to do even if they are unpleasant; never back down if you know you are right; be courteous (有礼貌的) in public. He was not the blueprint for a good husband or father, and he knew it. When I was in my thirties, he admitted to my mother that he thought I had grown up to be a better man than he was. This is a hard thing to learn about your father, a source of both pride and sadness. That brings me back to Road to Perdition. When Sullivan has to go on the run, the son finally learns what the father he admires actually does for a living, and that Rooney is not a kindly grandfather but a cold-blooded boss in a crime family. These men are scoundrels, but they have a code, and their obedience (服从) to that code eventually leads them to tragic choices. The last line of the movie is what ties it all to my memories of my own boyhood. Sullivan’s young son recalls, saying: “When people ask me if Michael Sullivan was a good man, or if there was just no good in him at all, I always give the same answer. I just tell them: ‘He was my father. ’ ” That is the most honest thing most of us can say about our fathers. We love them, and they love us, and that’s enough. 1．According to the article, Road to Perdition is “an unusual recommendation” for Father’s Day mainly because _________. A．it’s known as a gangster film B．it explores themes of adventure C．it’s a film with an unknown cast D．its story is set nearly 100 years ago 2．According to the article, the author’s father _________. ①was a man of his word        ②was too proud to admit failure ③never failed to stick to his principles        ④earned the respect of those around him A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．According to the article, in Road to Perdition, finding out his father’s true identity _________. A．leaves Sullivan’s son disappointed B．forces Rooney to commit crimes again C．makes Sullivan’s son into a tragic hero D．doesn’t change how Sullivan’s son sees him 4．The author’s purpose in writing this article was to _________. A．remind readers to spend Father’s Day with their fathers B．inspire readers to rethink their relationship with their fathers C．persuade readers to tolerate the imperfections of their fathers D．recommend a movie to readers that they can watch with their fathers 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者在父亲节推荐电影《毁灭之路》，借电影和自身父亲经历引发对父子关系的思考。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If you have not seen it, Road to Perdition is a 2002 film about Irish gangsters in the 1930s.(如果你没看过，《毁灭之路》是一部 2002 年的电影，讲述的是 20 世纪 30 年代爱尔兰帮派分子的故事)”可知，这部电影是黑帮题材，作为父亲节推荐显得特别。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“He kept his word, paid his debts, and treated others with respect.(他信守诺言，偿还债务，尊重他人)”可知①“信守承诺”正确；根据第五段中“he had a consistent code of ethics in dealing with others (他在与人交往中有一贯的道德准则)”可知③“坚守原则”正确；根据第五段中“when he walked into a local bar, would be called Nick by his peers but unfailingly referred to as “Mr. Nichols” by younger men.(当他走进当地酒吧时，同龄人会叫他尼克，而年轻人总会叫他“尼科尔斯先生”)”可知④“赢得周围人尊重”正确。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Sullivan’s young son recalls, saying: “When people ask me if Michael Sullivan was a good man, or if there was just no good in him at all, I always give the same answer. I just tell them: ‘He was my father. ’ ”(沙利文的小儿子回忆说：“当人们问我迈克尔・沙利文是不是个好人，或者他身上是不是一点好的地方都没有，我总是给出同样的答案。我只是告诉他们：‘他是我的父亲。’”)” 可知，儿子知道父亲真实身份后，对父亲的看法并未改变。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章通过分享《毁灭之路》这部电影和自己与父亲的关系，作者不仅是在推荐一部电影，更是在探讨父子之间复杂但重要的情感联系。特别是在文章的结尾部分“That is the most honest thing most of us can say about our fathers. We love them, and they love us, and that’s enough.(这是我们大多数人对父亲最诚实的评价。我们爱他们，他们也爱我们，这就够了)”，表达了作者对父子关系深度的思考。作者写这篇文章的目的是启发读者重新思考他们与父亲的关系。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·宁夏中卫·期中） Thinking back on the college recommendations I’ve written, a pattern occurs: The most successful students are never merely great students. They are devoted to at least six other pursuits. How can a kid write such detailed reading journals on Dante, excel in painting and find the time to edit the school newspaper, volunteer at her city councilman’s office, run a half-marathon, take photography classes and write prize-winning poetry on the side? “Our age respects the specialist,” writes Robert Twigger, “but humans are natural polymaths (博学者) .” It’s not just the youngsters who can join the polymath party. The sumption that learning stops when you leave university is at odds with the evidence. It appears that a great deal depends on the nucleus basalis. This bit of the brain produces significant amounts of acetylcholine that regulates the rate at which new connections are made between brain cells. This in turn determines how readily we form memories of various kinds. So what’s the trick to letting the acetylcholine flow more plentifully? Twigger again: People as old as 90 who actively acquire new interests retain their ability to learn. But if we stop taxing the nucleus basalis, it begins to dry up. In some older people it has been shown to contain no acetylcholine. But simply attempting new things seems to offer benefits to people. After only short periods of trying, the ability to make new connections develops. Two years ago, I had some newfound headspace to write a piece for The New York Times. I had no idea if I’d be able to keep up the writing while being a dad and a teacher and a runner, but I thought I’d give it a try. And a few months later I started blogging for The Economist as well. Adding new activities to my plate seems to have given me a new source of energy, and sometimes when I’m worn out, I’m also, strangely, uplifted. It undervalues our lives to willingly enter into mindless routines. Make stuff. Pursue a new interest. Consider career changes, even if you don’t actually make one. Stop this, start that. Do something new. Come on, it’s good for you. 5．What does the author find about the most successful students? A．They are gifted in arts. B．They are all-round athletes. C．They have wide-ranging interests. D．They make efforts to promote the public good. 6．What does the author intend to illustrate by quoting Twigger in paragraph 4? A．How to enhance the brain’s capacity for learning. B．Why humans are natural polymaths. C．What is the key to a good memory. D．What to do to age slowly. 7．How does the author describe writing in his spare time? A．It makes him struggle to balance many roles. B．It recharges his passion and enthusiasm. C．It enables him to follow his daily routines. D．It makes him question his career choices. 8．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Find their true interest and specialize in it. B．Prioritize academic achievement. C．Break their comfort zones and enjoy new challenges. D．Seek out groundbreaking and pioneering work. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了多元追求与持续学习对个人成长和大脑活力的积极影响，鼓励人们打破常规，勇于尝试新事物，以丰富生活并提升自我。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thinking back on the college recommendations I’ve written, a pattern occurs: The most successful students are never merely great students. They are devoted to at least six other pursuits.(回顾我写过的大学推荐信，我发现一个规律：最成功的学生绝不仅仅是成绩优异的学生。他们至少还专注于其他六项事业)”可知，这些成功的学生都拥有广泛的兴趣爱好，而非单一领域的专长。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“So what’s the trick to letting the acetylcholine flow more plentifully? Twigger again: People as old as 90 who actively acquire new interests retain their ability to learn. But if we stop taxing the nucleus basalis, it begins to dry up. In some older people it has been shown to contain no acetylcholine. But simply attempting new things seems to offer benefits to people. After only short periods of trying, the ability to make new connections develops.(那么，让乙酰胆碱更充沛地分泌有什么诀窍呢？还是Twigger的观点：即便是90岁高龄的人，只要积极培养新的兴趣，就能保持学习能力。但如果我们不再给基底核施加“压力”，它就会开始衰退。研究表明，有些老年人的基底核中已经检测不到乙酰胆碱了。但仅仅是尝试新事物，似乎就能给人们带来益处。只需短时间的尝试，大脑形成新连接的能力就会有所提升。)”可知，第四段首先提出问题，随后提出Twigger 的观点：即便是90岁高龄的人，只要积极培养新的兴趣，就能保持学习能力。由此可见，引用Twigger的话是为了说明通过尝试新事物、培养新兴趣，能促进乙酰胆碱分泌，增强大脑的学习能力，即如何提高大脑的学习能力。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“And a few months later I started blogging for The Economist as well. Adding new activities to my plate seems to have given me a new source of energy, and sometimes when I’m worn out, I’m also, strangely, uplifted.(几个月后，我又开始为《经济学人》写博客。在日常事务中增加新的活动，似乎给了我新的能量来源。有时，当我疲惫不堪时，却也奇怪地感到精神振奋。)”可知，作者在业余时间写作为他带来了新的能量，甚至在疲惫时能让他感到振奋，即重新激发了他的热情与活力。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It undervalues our lives to willingly enter into mindless routines. Make stuff. Pursue a new interest. Consider career changes, even if you don’t actually make one. Stop this, start that. Do something new. Come on, it’s good for you.(心甘情愿地陷入毫无意义的常规生活，是对我们生命的贬低。去创造东西吧。去追求新的兴趣吧。考虑一下职业变动，即便你实际上并不会真的变动。停下这件事，开始那件事。做点新的尝试。来吧，这对你有好处。)”可知，作者建议读者打破一成不变的舒适区，尝试新事物、迎接新挑战。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·上海·期中）Daydreaming It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. Ever since I was a little kid, I have felt guilty about daydreaming. I related to the character Bastian from the movie “The Neverending Story”, when his father demanded, “Get your head down out of the clouds, and keep both feet on the ground!” It is a memorable line that’s repeated throughout the film, as Bastian struggles with the fantastical nature of the story he is involved in. And while I was never directly discouraged from dreaming as a kid, as I’ve gotten older, the notes I’ve gotten from our culture certainly have told me I was wasting my time whenever my head was in the clouds. And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? But don’t just take my word for it: In the July, 2012 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest, with some of the results summarized in ScienceDaily. “Findings suggest that individual differences in brain activity during rest are correlated with components of socio-emotional functioning, such as self-awareness and moral judgment, as well as different aspects of learning and memory.” So just like sleeping allows our brains to reorganize and finally work more efficiently, daydreaming may help our mental health, day-to-day. And brain “time-outs” may also help kids learn better (possibly proving wrong those adults who blame kids for daydreaming). “We focus on the outside world in education and don’t look much at inside focused skills and attentions but inside focus impacts the way we build memories, make meaning and move that learning into new contexts,” says Immordino-Yang. For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. 9．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “the problems” refer to ________. A．the problems with the brain health B．the problems with focus C．the problems with modern technology D．the problems with daydreaming 10．Which of the following does NOT belong to the benefits of daydreaming? A．Daydreaming makes life more fascinating. B．Daydreaming helps children improve academic performance. C．Day dreaming is good for kids’ mental health. D．Daydreaming enables adults to have more job opportunities. 11．From the passage, we can infer that ________. A．Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues draw their conclusion based on other researchers’ studies B．the Movie “The Neverending Story” mainly describes the relationship between Bastian and his father C．the author was warned by her parents that having her head in the clouds was a waste of time D．we should encourage kids to stare off into space as often as possible 12．As an adult, the author now holds a ________ attitude towards daydreaming. A．negative B．supportive C．neutral D．doubtful 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章反驳了白日梦是浪费时间或有害的观点，指出白日梦有助于心理健康和学习，并呼吁重新认识其价值。 9．词句猜测题。画线部分的上文“It seems like every day there’s another study pointing to how this or that modern technology is destroying our ability to focus. But what if the problem is that we are expected to focus too much? (似乎每天都有新的研究指出，某种现代科技正在破坏我们的专注力。但问题是否恰恰在于——我们被要求过度专注了呢)”提到现代科技正在破坏我们的专注力，随后提出另一种观点：问题可能在于我们被要求过度专注，再结合画线部分所在句“By not giving our brains enough downtime, maybe we are actually making the problems worse. (如果不给大脑足够的休息时间，我们可能实际上让问题变得更糟)”可知，the problems指的是与专注力相关的问题。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For one, it was too fun. How amazing is it that as humans, we get to go anywhere, do anything, be a different version of ourselves — all safely within our heads? (首先，它实在太有趣了。我们人类竟能随心所欲地去任何地方、做任何事情、体验不同版本的自己——而这一切都安全地存在于脑海中，这是多么神奇的能力啊)”和第四段中“For kids who have been taught some version of inner focus, the studies that Immordino-Yang looked at indicated that they are less likely to suffer from high levels of anxiety, perform better on tests, and do a better job of planning for the future. (对于那些接受过某种内在专注力训练的儿童，Immordino-Yang所分析的研究表明：这些孩子出现严重焦虑的几率更低，考试成绩更优异，且更擅长为未来制定计划)”可知，白日梦让生活更有意思，可能帮助孩子学得更好，还有助于心理健康，未提到与成年人工作机会的直接关系。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“psychological scientist Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and her colleagues gathered a number of studies and explored them for details about the brain at rest (心理学家Mary Helen Immordino-Yang和她的同事收集了许多研究并进行分析)”可推知，Mary Helen Immordino-Yang和她的同事基于其他研究者的研究得出了结论。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And yet, it never felt right to shut down that daydreaming. (然而，停止做白日梦并不对)”和最后一段“Next time you see a kid (or adult!) staring off into space, remember that they might actually getting important work done. (下次当你看到孩子，甚至是大人，正望着远处发呆时，请记住——他们可能正在进行某种重要的大脑活动)”可知，作者认为不应该停止做白日梦，应肯定这件事的重要意义，因此态度是支持的。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·福建泉州·期中） As a zookeeper recovers in hospital after she was attacked by two lions at Shoalhaven Zoo, it’s time for us to take a long, hard look at the ethics of keeping wild animals in captivity. Similar incidents of attacks on humans occur frequently. It shows the stress and anxiety that animals held captive in zoos, circuses (马戏团) and marine parks experience every day of their lives. And who can blame them for lashing out? Can you imagine having every aspect of your life controlled? Having your family torn apart, not being able to choose what to eat, when to sleep, where to go, or anything else? It would surely drive any one of us insane. So it should come as no surprise that in 2014 zookeeper Trent Burton suffered serious injuries to both his hands from a crocodile attack. And that in 2008 Arna the elephant killed circus trainer Ray Williams by crushing him in her enclosure (圈舍). Or that in 2001 lion trainer Geoffrey Lennon was mauled by three lions during a performance. Even the “best” zoos can’t, and don’t, guarantee the safety of the animals they keep for profit, members of the public who come to view them, or the zookeepers. Who can forget Harambe? The gorilla (大猩猩) was gunned down after a young boy managed to crawl through a fence before falling into his enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo. These animals are not where they belong. Nevertheless, zoos continue to breed them to produce crowd-pleasing babies. And most zoos get rid of “surplus (多余的)” animals — either by killing them or selling or trading them to other zoos or exotic (珍奇的) animal dealers. Then there’s the fact that the vast majority of species kept in zoos are not endangered (濒危的). All the cages in the world won’t save animals from extinction (灭绝). Breeding more animals for life in captivity won’t do anything to help improve the species’ population in nature. Instead, we must address the fundamental causes of species endangerment: habitat destruction, poaching (偷猎)and the exotic animal trade. As for the lions who attacked the zookeeper at Shoalhaven, the zoo’s owner says they won’t be euthanized (施以安乐死) after an investigation. But what was there to investigate? These lions simply acted like lions. The solution is to stop breeding more animals and to retire the ones already in captivity to sanctuaries (保护区) where they can have a normal life. 1．What’s the author’s intention in citing the examples of animal attacks in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the cruelty of wild animals. B．To criticize people who keep wild animals in captivity. C．To show the stress and anxiety that caged animals experience. D．To inspire people to understand the consequences of imprisoning wild animals. 2．According to the author, what measures should we really be taking to prevent the extinction of species? ①Guarding against poachers.         ②Fighting against the exotic animal trade. ③Protecting the natural habitats of wildlife.     ④ Releasing all caged animals into the wild. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．We can infer from the last paragraph that the zoo animals that have attacked people most probably end up being __________. A．put to death B．sold to other zoos C．locked up alone in cages D．sent away to sanctuaries 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文以Shoalhaven动物园一名饲养员被狮子袭击的事件为切入点，深入探讨了圈养野生动物的伦理问题，通过列举多起动物袭击人类的案例，分析了圈养对动物造成的压力与危害，进而指出动物园无法解决物种灭绝问题，呼吁停止圈养繁殖，将现有圈养动物送往保护区，并从根本上解决物种濒危的原因。 1．推理判断题​。根据第三段中“And that in 2008 Arna the elephant killed circus trainer Ray Williams by crushing him in her enclosure. Or that in 2001 lion trainer Geoffrey Lennon was mauled by three lions during a performance.(以及2008年，大象Arna在圈舍中将马戏团驯兽师Ray Williams碾压致死。还有2001年，驯狮师Geoffrey Lennon在表演中被三头狮子咬伤。)”可知，这些例子与第二段中“Similar incidents of attacks on humans occur frequently. It shows the stress and anxiety that animals held captive in zoos, circuses (马戏团) and marine parks experience every day of their lives.(类似的袭击人类事件经常发生。它展示了被关在动物园、马戏团和海洋公园里的动物每天所经历的压力和焦虑。)”相呼应，作者列举这些动物袭击事件，是为了让人们认识到圈养野生动物会导致动物因压力而攻击人类这一后果。故选D。 2．细节理解题​。根据第七段“Instead, we must address the fundamental causes of species endangerment: habitat destruction, poaching and the exotic animal trade.( 相反，我们必须解决物种濒危的根本原因：栖息地破坏、偷猎和外来动物贸易。)”可知，作者认为防止物种灭绝应采取的措施包括保护栖息地（③）、防范偷猎者（①）、打击外来动物贸易（②）。而最后一段中“The solution is to stop breeding more animals and to retire the ones already in captivity to sanctuaries (保护区) where they can have a normal life.(解决方案是停止繁殖更多的动物，并将已经被圈养的动物放归保护区，在那里它们可以过上正常的生活。)”提到应将圈养动物送往保护区，并非 “释放所有圈养动物到野外”（④），该说法不切实际。故选A。​ 3．推理判断题​。根据最后一段中“As for the lions who attacked the zookeeper at Shoalhaven, the zoo’s owner says they won’t be euthanized after an investigation. But what was there to investigate?(至于在Shoalhaven袭击饲养员的狮子，动物园老板说调查后不会对它们实施安乐死。但有什么可调查的呢？)”可知，虽然此次攻击人类的狮子不会执行安乐死，但从这句话可以推断这只是个例，通常情况下还是最有可能被送去安乐死。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·广西·期中） Text 1 When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting it. Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also bad, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. Because of climate change, there is less ice now, which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue. Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong. Overfishing is another problem. Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. Text 2 The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions. It is huge, but it is more sensitive than we think. If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us. To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future. For example, scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change. We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. Therefore, more research is necessary. Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may help us discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance. 4．According to Text 1, what is the main concern about sea exploration? A．It costs too much money. B．It causes environmental damage. C．It is too dangerous for scientists. D．It has no real benefits for humans. 5．The word “murdering” in Text 1 (Paragraph 4) is used to emphasize ______. A．the scientific value of hunting B．the cruelty of killing whales and dolphins C．the legality of the activity D．the necessity for research 6．Text 2 argues that sea exploration is necessary mainly because it helps humans to ______. A．find new places to live B．take resources from the Arctic C．understand and protect the planet D．reduce dependence on land resources 7．Both texts mention “resources under the sea/ice”, but they differ in their focus. Text 1 links them to ______, while Text 2 links them to ______. A．climate change / medical research B．pollution / earthquake prediction C．environmental risks / future development D．overfishing / new energy sources 【答案】4．B 5．B 6．C 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，包含两篇观点对立的文本。Text 1主要讨论海洋探索带来的环境问题，如污染、资源开采破坏和过度捕捞等；Text 2则主张海洋探索对人类未来发展的重要性，包括科学研究、资源管理和灾害预测等。 4．主旨大意题。根据Text 1第一段“Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. (海洋探索已经引发了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。)”以及后续段落中提到的石油泄漏、塑料污染、北极资源开采破坏和过度捕捞等具体问题可知，Text 1的核心关注点是海洋探索对环境造成的破坏。故选B项。 5．词义猜测题。根据Text 1第四段“ Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. (尽管1982年已禁止这种行为，但一些国家仍在无情地murdering这些聪明的生物)”可知，“murdering”一词用于强调捕杀鲸鱼和海豚的残忍性，B项“捕杀鲸鱼和海豚的残忍性”符合语境。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据Text 2第一段“We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. (我们需要了解地球正在发生什么，以便采取行动)”以及第二段“Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. (更多地了解海洋也将帮助我们更好地管理其资源)”可知，Text 2认为海洋探索的主要必要性在于帮助人类理解和保护地球。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据Text 1第三段“Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. (资源开采破坏性极大，尤其是在北极)”可知，Text 1将海底、冰下资源与环境风险联系起来；根据Text 2倒数第二段“The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. (世界人口不断增长，我们需要新的资源来支持未来发展)”可知，Text 2将其与未来发展联系起来。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·期中） The world is facing a critical challenge: the over-reliance on fossil fuels has led to severe environmental problems, including air pollution and global warming. To address these issues, transitioning to renewable energy sources has become an urgent necessity.​ Solar power, one of the most accessible renewable energies, offers numerous benefits. Unlike coal or oil, solar panels produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases, thus reducing carbon footprints. Moreover, solar energy is abundant in most regions, making it a reliable alternative. Many households have already installed solar panels on their rooftops, not only contributing to environmental protection but also saving on electricity bills in the long run.​ Wind energy is another promising option. Wind turbines, often placed in coastal areas or open plains, convert wind power into electricity efficiently. Countries like Denmark and Germany have made significant progress in wind energy development, with wind power accounting for a large portion of their total energy consumption. This shift has not only reduced their dependence on fossil fuels but also created new job opportunities in the renewable energy sector.​ However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. The initial cost of installing solar panels or wind turbines is relatively high, which may discourage some individuals and businesses. Additionally, renewable energy production is affected by weather conditions, leading to instability in supply. To overcome these obstacles, governments should provide financial incentives, such as tax breaks, and invest in research to improve energy storage technologies.​ In conclusion, renewable energy is key to achieving environmental protection and sustainable development. By embracing solar, wind, and other renewable sources, we can reduce environmental damage, ensure energy security, and create a healthier planet for future generations.​​ 8.What is the main advantage of solar power mentioned in the passage?​ A. It is the cheapest energy source.​ B. It does not produce greenhouse gases.​ C. It can be used in all regions.​ D. It requires little maintenance.​ 9.The author mentions Denmark and Germany to show that ______.​ A. European countries are richer.​ B. wind energy is developing well in some countries.​ C. these countries have no fossil fuels.​ D. wind turbines are easy to install.​ 10.What does the underlined word "transition" in paragraph 1 probably mean?​ A. Change​ B. Return​ C. Review​ D. Preservation​ 11.What is the author's attitude towards renewable energy?​ A. Doubtful​ B. Neutral​ C. Supportive​ D. Critical 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文论述了可再生能源（太阳能、风能）在环境保护和可持续发展中的重要性，分析了其优势与面临的挑战，强调应积极转向可再生能源。 8．细节理解题。解析：文章第二段明确提到 “Unlike coal or oil, solar panels produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases”，直接说明了太阳能不产生温室气体这一主要优势。A 选项 “最便宜” 未提及；C 选项 “所有地区都能使用” 与原文 “abundant in most regions” 不符；D 选项 “几乎不需要维护” 文中没有相关信息。故选B。 9．推理判断题。解析：第三段以丹麦和德国为例，说明 “wind power accounting for a large portion of their total energy consumption”，由此可推断出这些国家的风能发展良好。A、C 选项与原文无关；D 选项不是举例的目的。故选B。 10．词义猜测题。解析：根据上下文，世界面临化石燃料过度依赖的问题，因此需要 “转变” 到可再生能源，“transition” 在这里表示 “转变”，与 “change” 意思相近。B “返回”、C “复习”、D “保护” 均不符合语境。故选A。 11．观点态度题。解析：文章整体强调可再生能源的重要性，结尾提到其能实现环境保护和可持续发展，可见作者持支持态度。A “怀疑的”、B “中立的”、D “批判的” 均不符合文意。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——旅游与休闲活动 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中） The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play have an important part in keeping you healthy. Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger. Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important to the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling. Anyway, adding humor, laughter and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier. 1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Of great importance. B．Able to keep people in high spirits. C．Capable of quickly influencing other people. D．Able to prevent illness from spreading. 2．What can laughter increase according to the author? A．Cognitive abilities. B．Good relationships. C．A sense of humor. D．Responsibility and trust. 3．What does the author think the old should do? A．They should have a good rest. B．They should play like children. C．They should prevent cognitive falling. D．They should take part in physical play. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy C．Have an Active and Happy Life D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了幽默、笑声和玩耍对保持健康的重要性，呼吁人们充分利用幽默、笑声和玩耍让生活更积极、有趣和快乐。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.(你有没有听过小孩子的大笑声，然后自己能忍住不笑？当人们在彼此之间分享笑声时，笑声会让他们彼此更亲近，增加他们的快乐。微笑是笑声的开始，微笑也和笑声一样具有感染力。)”可知，这里说听到孩子大笑自己也会忍不住笑，说明笑声能快速影响其他人，即“infectious”意思是能够快速影响其他人。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.(当人们在彼此之间分享笑声时，笑声会让他们彼此更亲近，增加他们的快乐。)”可知，笑声会使人与人之间的关系更加友好，即能增加人与人之间的良好关系。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it's for children. Physical play is important to the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.(然而，我们常常忘记的是，对老年人来说，让玩耍成为他们生活的一部分和对儿童一样重要。体育运动对老年人很重要，它确实有助于预防疾病。)”可知，作者认为老年人应该参加体育运动。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The sense of humor, laughter and play have an important part in keeping you healthy.(幽默感、笑声和玩耍在保持健康方面起着重要作用。)”以及最后一段“Anyway, adding humor, laughter and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.(无论如何，在我们的生活中加入幽默、笑声和玩耍会在精神上、身体上和社会上影响我们，并给我们带来很多好处。所以我们应该充分利用幽默、笑声和玩耍，让我们的生活更积极、更有趣、更快乐。)”可知，文章主要围绕幽默、笑声和玩耍对健康的重要性展开，所以A选项“Humor, Laughter and Play for Health（幽默、笑声和玩耍有益健康）”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·甘肃天水·期中） With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to volunteer. However, the benefits of volunteering can be great. Volunteering offers vital help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer. While it’s true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you’ll experience. Volunteering doesn’t have to involve a long-term commitment or take a huge amount of time out of your busy day. Giving in even simple ways can help those in need and improve your health and happiness. The right match can help you to connect with the community, learn new skills, find new friends, and even advance your career. One of the well-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community. Volunteering allows you to connect to your community and make it a better place. Even helping out with the smallest tasks can make a real difference to the lives of people, animals, and organizations in need. And volunteering is a two-way street: It can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help. Dedicating your time as a volunteer helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills. Volunteering also increases your social and relationship skills. While some people are naturally outgoing, others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests. Once you have momentum, it’s easier to branch out and make more friends and contacts. Furthermore, one of the best ways to make new friends and strengthen existing relationships is to commit to a shared activity together. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It strengthens your ties to the community and broadens your support network, exposing you to people with common interests, neighborhood resources, and fun and fulfilling activities. 5．What does the author mean by saying “volunteering is a two-way street”? A．It needs your time and practice. B．It needs both courage and devotion. C．It benefits both givers and takers. D．It has both strengths and weaknesses. 6．What does the underlined word “momentum” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Determination. B．Motivation. C．Information. D．Experience. 7．What might the author continue talking about? A．Why volunteering is a must to your community. B．How volunteering is helpful for you to make friends. C．Why volunteering is beneficial to your mind and body. D．How volunteering is crucial for your future occupation. 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Advantages of Volunteer Activities B．Volunteering and Your Friendship C．Puzzles in Doing Volunteer Activities D．Ways to Find People with Common Interests 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了志愿服务带来的多方面益处。 5．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“And volunteering is a two-way street: It can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help.(志愿服务是一条双向的道路：它既能让你和你的家人受益，也能让你选择帮助的事业受益)”可知，作者说“志愿服务是一条双向的道路”意思是志愿服务既能让给予者受益，也能让接受者受益。 故选C 6．词句猜测题。 根据第三段中“Volunteering also increases your social and relationship skills. While some people are naturally outgoing, others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests. Once you have momentum, it’s easier to branch out and make more friends and contacts.(志愿服务还能提高你的社交和人际关系技巧。虽然有些人天生外向，但有些人很害羞，很难结识新朋友。志愿服务给了你一个练习和发展社交技能的机会，因为你会定期与一群有共同兴趣的人见面。一旦你有了momentum，就更容易扩展人脉，结交更多的朋友和联系人)”可知，志愿服务能提高社交技能，定期与有共同兴趣的人见面，有了这种动力之后，就更容易扩展人脉，结交朋友，由此可知，momentum意为“动力，积极性”。和B项“Motivation(动力)” 意义相近。故选B。 7．推理判断题。 根据第一段的“The right match can help you to connect with the community, learn new skills, find new friends, and even advance your career.(合适的匹配可以帮助你与社区建立联系，学习新技能，找到新朋友，甚至推进你的职业生涯)”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了志愿服务对于社区建立联系，学习新技能，找到新朋友的好处；由此可推知，作者接下来可能会继续讨论志愿服务在职业发展中的重要性，呼应第一段的“even advance your career”。 故选D。 8．主旨大意题。 根据第一段中“However, the benefits of volunteering can be great. Volunteering offers vital help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.(然而，志愿服务的好处可能是巨大的。志愿服务为有需要的人、有价值的事业和社区提供了至关重要的帮助，但对你——志愿者来说，好处可能更大)”以及结合文章可知，本文主要介绍了志愿服务的好处，包括对社区的影响、增加社交和关系技巧以及结交新朋友和加强现有关系等。可知，A选项“志愿者活动的好处”最符合文章标题。 故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·安徽阜阳·期中） On a cool night in San Francisco, a man calling himself Motor Mouth patrols (巡逻) the streets, looking to lend a hand to anyone needing aid. Dressed in a costume that includes a black mask to cover his face, Motor Mouth is one of a growing number of real-life “superheroes”. People belonging to this group do not have actual superpowers, but they do want to help their communities and make the world a safer place. In 2001, more than 300 people claimed to participate in the real-life superhero movement. Some people, such as Benjamin Fodor, who also uses the name Phoenix Jones when wearing his mask and cape (披风), have received a lot of media attention. However, many of the other real-life superhero participants keep low profiles. Most prefer to fit in with everyone else. Do these real-life superheroes actually help? It depends on whom you ask. Phoenix Jones claims to have stopped robberies and fights, but the police say that his actions sometimes interfere with their work. They even had to arrest him once for spraying (喷洒) someone with pepper spray. In general, it is dangerous for people to involve themselves in potentially violent situations such as break-ins or fights. Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals, and they advise would-be heroes to safely gather information about the crime and immediately call the police instead. The real-life superheroes and their supporters claim that they are responding to needs in their communities that police officers are unable to meet. They point out that the vast majority of real-life superheroes perform community service work, such as helping to feed the homeless. They also claim that the superheroes are positive symbols for their communities, inspiring others to do good deeds. 9．What can we infer about Phoenix Jones? A．He is a character in a superhero film. B．He is a real-life superhero. C．He always helps the police. D．He wants to be a policeman. 10．What does the underlined phrase “keep low profiles” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Avoid publicity. B．Stay positive. C．Follow the order. D．Keep busy. 11．What did the police think of superheroes in the community? A．They will cause more crime. B．They disturb people’s life. C．They lack professional training. D．They know little about crime. 12．What is many real-life superheroes’ opinion on themselves? A．They have unique abilities. B．They lower national crime rates. C．They can satisfy the police’s needs. D．They help a lot in their communities. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过具体例子讲述了在旧金山有一些现实生活中的“超人”，他们热衷于社区工作，维护当地的治安环境；文章讨论了他们的行为、警察的批评以及他们自身的辩护观点。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In 2001, more than 300 people claimed to participate in the real-life superhero movement. Some people, such as Benjamin Fodor, who also uses the name Phoenix Jones when wearing his mask and cape (披风), have received a lot of media attention.(2001年，超过300人声称参与了现实生活中的超级英雄运动。其中一些人，例如本杰明·福多尔（Benjamin Fodor），戴着面具和披风时也使用菲尼克斯·琼斯（Phoenix Jones）这个名字，受到了媒体的广泛关注。)”可知，有300多声称参与了现实生活中的超级英雄运动，并以Benjamin Fodor使用Phoenix Jones的名字为例，由此可推测Phoenix Jones是一位现实世界里的超级英雄。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。由划线短语所在句句首的However可知，划线短语所在句和前一句“Some people, such as Benjamin Fodor, who also uses the name Phoenix Jones when wearing his mask and cape (披风), have received a lot of media attention. (其中一些人，例如本杰明·福多尔（Benjamin Fodor），戴着面具和披风时也使用菲尼克斯·琼斯（Phoenix Jones）这个名字，受到了媒体的广泛关注。)”表述的是相反情况，结合下文“Most prefer to fit in with everyone else.(大多数人更喜欢融入其他人)”可知，许多其他现实生活中的超级英雄参与者都保持低调，避免引起关注。由此可推知，划线短语的意思是“保持低调，避免引人关注”。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Police claim that regular citizens do not have the training or support to deal with criminals, and they advise would-be heroes to safely gather information about the crime and immediately call the police instead.(警方声称普通公民没有接受过处理犯罪分子的训练或支持，他们建议潜在的英雄们安全地收集犯罪信息，并立即打电话报警。)”可知，普通人缺少专业训练。故选C。 12．细节理解题。最后一段“The real-life superheroes and their supporters claim that they are responding to needs in their communities that police officers are unable to meet. They point out that the vast majority of real-life superheroes perform community service work, such as helping to feed the homeless. They also claim that the superheroes are positive symbols for their communities, inspiring others to do good deeds.(现实生活中的超级英雄及其支持者声称，他们在回应社区的需求，而这些需求是警察无法满足的。他们指出，绝大多数现实生活中的超级英雄都在社区服务工作，例如帮助喂养无家可归者。他们还声称，超级英雄是他们社区的积极象征，激励其他人做好事。)”讲到现实生活中的超级英雄以及他们的支持者声称他们能做警察做不到的事情，为社区做义工，他们的行为能鼓励其他人做好事。由此可知“现实生活中的超级英雄”认为自己对社区帮助很大。故选D。 主题02 人与自我——个人成长与人生价值 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·浙江金华·期中） A single-minded, tireless drive — that’s what it takes to be successful. Be “all in”. Burn the boats behind us. That message is rooted in our society, from self-help books to social media influencers all telling us that we need to commit more. The world continually sends the signal to narrowly define your goals. In my senior year, I became the fastest high-school miler in the country when I ran a 4:01 mile. When my progress as a runner reached a bottleneck, my sports psychologist told me a story about a world-class runner who had become stuck while struggling to make the transition from success in college to Olympic-level performance. “What helped her break through?” I asked. “Knitting (编织).” he replied. She had taken up knitting to relax and to take her mind off running. I was too young and stubborn to follow the advice. I doubled down — but never ran faster than my high-school record or broke a 4-minute mile. In the years since, working as a coach with top-class performers, I kept noticing that their single-minded focus was getting in their way. Their focus on achieving specific goals had become a constant, disabling signal that they were not measuring up. This single-minded approach was backfiring. Research backs this up. Researchers at Michigan State University looked at over 100 years of Nobel Prize-winning scientists and found they were more likely than their less-accomplished peers to have creative interests outside of their research. The prize-winners were 22 times more likely to perform, sing or act as a hobby;12 times more likely to pursue creative writing; and about 7 times more likely to participate in a craft like sculpting. To be sure: The more we care, and the more our job or pursuit feels like a part of who we are, the harder we’ll work. That’s helpful to a certain point. But such narrowing comes with a downside. As we get rid of other parts of ourselves, and that one activity becomes an ever bigger presence, fear starts to take over. We don’t just want to succeed. We have to. When outcomes are all that matter, our immediate response isn’t to become a fighter. It’s to retreat (退缩). So, the secret is to go in a different direction. When the world screams to go narrow, top-class performers learn to go broad. 1．How did the author respond after hearing the story of the world-class runner? A．He pushed himself harder. B．He adjusted his training methods. C．He took some time off from running. D．He adopted knitting as a stress-reliever. 2．What do we know about Nobel Prize-winning scientists in the research? A．They spent more time on research than others. B．They avoided entertainments to maintain focus. C．Their diverse hobbies contributed to their achievements. D．Their research covers a wider range of fields than their peers. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the single-minded approach? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Tolerant. D．Unclear. 4．Which of the following might be a suitable title for the text? A．Why “All in” Is No Recipe for Success B．Breaking Through Fear in Competitive Fields C．Why Hobbies Outweigh Professional Training D．Narrowing Down Your Focus to Achieve More 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过作者个人经历与科学研究，探讨了单一专注的成功路径局限性，主张拓宽视野、发展多元兴趣以促进真正突破与成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was too young and stubborn to follow the advice. I doubled down — but never ran faster than my high-school record or broke a 4-minute mile. (那时我太年轻、太固执，没有听从这个建议。我加倍努力，但再也没能跑出超过高中时的成绩，也没能突破 4 分钟一英里的记录)”可知，作者在听到那位世界级跑者的故事后，选择了更加努力地训练。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Research backs this up. Researchers at Michigan State University looked at over 100 years of Nobel Prize-winning scientists and found they were more likely than their less-accomplished peers to have creative interests outside of their research. The prize-winners were 22 times more likely to perform, sing or act as a hobby;12 times more likely to pursue creative writing; and about 7 times more likely to participate in a craft like sculpting. (密歇根州立大学的研究人员研究了100多年来诺贝尔奖得主科学家，发现他们比成就不那么高的同行更有可能在研究之外拥有创造性的兴趣。获奖者将表演、唱歌或表演作为爱好的可能性是其他人的22倍；从事创意写作的可能性是其他人的12倍；参与雕塑等手工艺的可能性是其他人的7倍左右。)”可知，诺贝尔奖得主科学家往往拥有多样的兴趣爱好，这些爱好有助于他们的成就。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the years since, working as a coach with top-class performers, I kept noticing that their single-minded focus was getting in their way. Their focus on achieving specific goals had become a constant, disabling signal that they were not measuring up. This single-minded approach was backfiring. (在随后的几年里，作为一名与顶级运动员合作的教练，我不断注意到，他们一心一意的专注阻碍了他们的发展。他们对实现特定目标的关注已经成为一个持续的、使他们无法达到标准的信号。这种一心一意的方法适得其反。)”以及倒数第二段中“But such narrowing comes with a downside. (但这种狭窄的专注是有弊端的。)”可推知，作者对“一心一意”的方法持不赞成的态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A single-minded, tireless drive — that’s what it takes to be successful. Be “all in”. Burn the boats behind us. (一心一意、不知疲倦的干劲——这是成功所需的品质。要“全身心投入”。破釜沉舟（不留后路）。)”及最后一段“When outcomes are all that matter, our immediate response isn’t to become a fighter. It’s to retreat (退缩). So, the secret is to go in a different direction. When the world screams to go narrow, top-class performers learn to go broad. (当结果就是一切时，我们的第一反应不是成为斗士。而是退缩。所以，秘诀是朝不同的方向前进。当世界尖叫着要缩小范围时，顶级表演者学会了扩大范围。)”及全文内容可知，文章开头提出社会普遍推崇“一心一意”的成功理念，但作者通过自身经历、顶尖运动员的例子以及科学研究表明，过度专注反而可能阻碍成功，而多样化的兴趣和更广泛的关注点更有利于突破瓶颈。因此，A选项“Why “All in” Is No Recipe for Success (为什么“全身心投入”不是成功的秘诀)”最适合作为标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·北京丰台·期中）Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely mention a list of goods. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either prerequisites (先决条件) for happiness or were goods that came to the virtuous. But consider this thought experiment. Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. Towards the end of his career (across which he has earned $20 million, mostly at the start), he finally retires into humble obscurity (默默无闻). As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. If we view their lives as a sort of balance sheet of experiential profit and loss, they both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. The only difference is that Ybot experiences those goods and bads inversely to Toby. If flourishing is just a matter of enjoying certain goods, then it seems both actors flourish to the same extent. Yet most of us would much prefer to live like Toby than Ybot. But why should that make a difference, if both lives contain the same net benefits? When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence. What the shape of life hypothesis suggests is that our lives are not simply bags into which we cream good things and bad things. The type of life it is—the genre of that life-story, so to speak—matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wonderful things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 5．What does the word “inversely” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Similarly. B．Oppositely C．Relatively. D．Exclusively. 6．The author introduces the “shape of life” hypothesis by ______ . A．clarifying a goal B．analyzing an event C．challenging an established notion D．introducing contrasting viewpoints 7．Which would the author agree with? A．Early success followed by failure feels worse than late success. B．A life with more goods is better than one with fewer possessions. C．The “balance sheet” model is a powerful tool to define the good life. D．Hardships and misfortune are essential factors in judging the quality of life. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过Toby与Ybot的人生对比，提出“生命形态”假说，指出美好生活不仅在于拥有的事物，更在于其发生的顺序。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Let’s compare two actors’ lives. First, meet Toby. Toby struggles to get work for many years. But as the years go by, Toby works his way up to become a famous actor. His lifetime earnings are $20 million, and he wins an Oscar for his final movie. Now, meet Ybot. Ybot wins an Oscar for his very first film role. After this initial success, he begins to endure a number of difficulties. ( 让我们来比较一下两个演员的生活。首先，来见见Toby。Toby多年来一直找不到工作。但随着岁月的流逝，Toby努力成为一名著名的演员。他一生的收入是2000万美元，他的最后一部电影赢得了奥斯卡奖。现在，来见见Ybot。他的第一部电影就获得了奥斯卡奖。在最初的成功之后，他开始遭受许多困难)”可知，Toby是“多年挣扎后成功，晚年获奥斯卡”，而 Ybot是“首部电影就获奥斯卡，随后遭遇困境，晚年默默无闻”，两人人生轨迹完全相反，且第三段中“As you’ll have quickly realized, these two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images.( 你很快就会意识到，这两位演员的生活，就像他们的名字一样，是镜像)”明确提到镜像般的人生。因此“inversely”意为“相反地”，和B选项Oppositely“相反地”意思一致。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When comparing the overall welfare level of different lives, it seems natural enough to think of a person’s life as a sort of container for various good and bad experiences. The goods and the bads are what we evaluate; the “container” they sit in is basically neutral. But that “balance sheet” model seems to miss another kind of value. We might value things like overcoming adversity (逆境), or not having our successes come too easily. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day.( 在比较不同生活的整体福利水平时，似乎很自然地把一个人的生活看作是各种美好和糟糕经历的容器。好坏是我们评价的东西；他们所在的“容器”基本上是中性的。但这种“资产负债表”模式似乎忽略了另一种价值。我们可能会重视克服逆境，或者不让成功来得太容易。一个早年成功而后衰落的人生，似乎比一个在一天中晚些时候成功的人生更不成功)”以及第五段“This intuitive judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis. On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order or sequence.( 这种直觉判断体现在所谓的“生命形态”假说中。根据这种观点，美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序或顺序拥有它们)”可知，作者先提出“balance sheet model”（资产负债表模型），即认为人生的好坏取决于“好体验与坏体验的总和”，并以Toby 和Ybot 的例子指出该模型的缺陷 —— 人们更倾向于Toby 的人生，而非总和相同但顺序相反的Ybot的人生。随后引出“shape of life hypothesis”（生命形态假说），强调“经历的顺序比总和更重要”。这一过程是通过挑战“收支平衡模型” 这一固有观念来引入新假说的。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第四段中“A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day.( 一个早年成功而后衰落的人生，似乎比一个在一天中晚些时候成功的人生更不成功)”可知，作者通过Toby和Ybot的对比指出，人们更偏好“先逆境后成功”的人生（Toby），而非“先成功后衰落”的人生（Ybot），并以“shape of life hypothesis”解释这一偏好 —— 经历的顺序影响人生质量。因此 A 选项“早期成功后失败比晚期成功更糟糕”符合作者观点。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中） In contemporary society, we find ourselves at a curious crossroads regarding solitude (独处) . Recent studies reveal a significant increase in solitary living, with more individuals choosing to dine, travel, and reside alone than at any point in recorded history. While mental health experts rightly highlight the dangers of chronic (慢性的) loneliness, this important discussion often overlooks a crucial distinction - the difference between involuntary isolation and what psychologists term “positive solitude,” a restorative state associated with enhanced well-being and personal growth. Actually, solitude has various benefits confirmed both by academic study and personal experiences. Quality alone time serves as an emotional reset button, offering space for self-reflection and psychological recovery. The commercial sector has taken note, with an emerging market for solitude-enhancing products and spaces. Yet despite these indicators of value, cultural prejudices persist, particularly in societies that equate constant connectivity with success. The critical factor determining solitude’s impact lies in its quality and intentionality. Passive digital consumption-particularly the endless browsing through social media feeds-fails to deliver solitude’s psychological benefits. Authentic solitude requires deliberate disconnection: periods dedicated to self-directed activities, uninterrupted reflection, and emotional self-adjustment. This explains the paradox (矛盾) where many recognize solitude’s importance for mental health yet struggle to experience its restorative effects. Younger generations face particular challenges in this regard, often replacing meaningful solitude with virtual interactions. The path forward involves thoughtful reframing-regarding alone time as “self-connection rather than isolation, and understanding solitude as complementary (相互补充的) to social needs rather than oppositional”. In our hyper-connected age, the growing preference for solitude may represent not social withdrawal, but a natural correction to constant connectivity-an attempt to reclaim the quiet spaces where we reconnect with our authentic selves. As we navigate this complex field, it becomes increasingly clear that the ability to be comfortably alone is not just a personal preference, but a vital life skill for maintaining psychological balance in an increasingly demanding world. 8．What do we know about mental health experts in paragraph 1? A．They believe loneliness enhances well-being. B．They fail to distinguish different types of solitude. C．They hold solitary living is on the rise. D．They regard solitude as involuntary isolation. 9．Which of the following belongs to quality alone time? A．Periods dedicated to surfing the Internet. B．Time spent in emotional restoration. C．Periods dedicated to seeking products. D．Time spent in connectivity with success. 10．According to paragraph 4, what is the key difference between viewing solitude as “self-connection” versus “isolation”? A．Self-connection suggests a positive chosen state. B．Self-connection implies profound social interaction C．Isolation is more scientific and beneficial to us. D．Isolation can coexist with social interaction. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．What is the definition of solitude? B．Why should we remain alone in the digital age? C．Why alone time is good for you? D．How should we boost the power of solitude? 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 11. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了独处的好处，指出关键在于其质量和主动性，还提到年轻一代面临的挑战，强调独处是保持心理平衡的重要生活技能。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While mental health experts rightly highlight the dangers of chronic (慢性的) loneliness, this important discussion often overlooks a crucial distinction the difference between involuntary isolation and what psychologists term “positive solitude,” a restorative state associated with enhanced well-being and personal growth. (虽然心理健康专家正确地强调了长期孤独的危险，但这场重要的讨论往往忽略了一个关键的区别——非自愿孤立和心理学家所说的‘积极独处’之间的区别，‘积极独处’是一种与幸福感提升和个人成长相关的恢复性状态。)”可知，心理健康专家未能区分不同类型的独处。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Quality alone time serves as an emotional reset button, offering space for self-reflection and psychological recovery. (高质量的独处时间就像一个情绪重置按钮，为自我反思和心理恢复提供空间。)”可知，花在情绪恢复上的时间属于高质量的独处时间。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The path forward involves thoughtful reframing regarding alone time as “self-connection rather than isolation, and understanding solitude as complementary (相互补充的) to social needs rather than oppositional.”  (未来的道路需要进行深思熟虑的重新构建——将独处时间视为‘自我连接’而非‘孤立’，并理解独处与社会需求是相互补充的，而非对立的。)”可知，将独处视为“自我连接”意味着独处与社会需求是相互补充的，而非对立的，这是一种积极的、自主选择的状态。故选A项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Actually, solitude has various benefits confirmed both by academic study and personal experiences. Quality alone time serves as an emotional reset button, offering space for self-reflection and psychological recovery. (实际上，独处有各种好处，这已得到学术研究和个人经验的证实。高质量的独处时间就像一个情绪重置按钮，为自我反思和心理恢复提供空间。)”和最后一段中“As we navigate this complex field, it becomes increasingly clear that the ability to be comfortably alone is not just a personal preference, but a vital life skill for maintaining psychological balance in an increasingly demanding world. (当我们在这个复杂的领域中摸索前行时，越来越明显的是，能够舒适地独处不仅仅是一种个人偏好，更是在这个要求日益苛刻的世界中保持心理平衡的一项重要生活技能。)”可知，文章主要论述了独处的好处。所以C项“Why alone time is good for you? (为什么独处时间对你有好处？)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·陕西榆林·期中） How might you make your mark on the world forever? Write a play greater than Shakespeare’s, or score the winning World Cup goal? There’s an easier way——just live your everyday life. You’ll likely leave a fascinating legacy(遗产) that might last a billion years. As palaeontologists(古生物学家), we have studied the fossil record of the deep past. We’ve now turned our attention to the everyday objects, to see what kind of future fossils—we call them technofossils—they will make. We’ve written about this in our new book, Discarded: how technofossils will be our ultimate legacy. Here are some key messages: The first things that’ll catch the eye of any far-future palaeontologist are our manufactured objects buildings, roads, machines. In recent decades, they have rocketed in amount and now outweigh all living things on Earth. That’s a lot of raw material for generating future fossils. Then, most things are designed to be durable and are significantly tougher than the average bone or shell. Some, like aluminium (铝) cans, are geological novelties. Discarded aluminium cans are now everywhere. Though resistant, buried cans will slowly break down, leaving can-shaped impressions, lined with tiny minerals. Their plastic liner may endure, forming future fossil signatures of our era. Bones, classic fossil relics, will tell a story. The supermarket chicken, now Earth’s most common bird, has a high chance of fossilization. Buried in plastic-lined landfills, they will dry out, harden and turn to stone. Future geologists may see their weak, deformed remains as evidence of human-driven genetic changes for mass production. It’s fun to imagine this and place the human story within Earth’s grand history. But there’s a more troubling truth. Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution: damaging, often toxic, and costly. If we fail to act, these technofossils will serve as a lasting reminder of environmental neglect, locking in harm for future generations. 1．What can we learn about technofossils from the text? A．They are made up of natural materials. B．They are formed from daily pollutants. C．They have higher fossilization rates. D．They disappear quickly without a trace. 2．Why are the supermarket chickens mentioned in the text? A．To explain why chickens are the most common birds. B．To highlight why chickens have genetically changed. C．To show how plastic waste preserves organic remains. D．To illustrate how living creatures might become fossils. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards technofossils? A．Concerned. B．Disturbed. C．Realistic. D．Dismissive. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Technofossils: Ultimate Legacy or Future Pollution? B．Legacy: Traditional Fossils and Technofossils? C．How to Keep Fascinating World of Palaeontology D．How to Make Your Mark on the World Forever 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4. A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。古生物学家研究日常物品形成的“技术化石”，它们或成遗产，但其本质是当下污染，若不处理将危害后代。 1．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution: damaging, often toxic, and costly.(明天的化石就是今天的污染：具有破坏性，通常有毒，而且代价高昂。)” 可知，技术化石是由今天的污染物形成的，这些污染物（如废弃的人造物品等）在未来会成为化石，所以技术化石是由日常污染物形成的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Bones, classic fossil relics, will tell a story. The supermarket chicken, now Earth’s most common bird, has a high chance of fossilization. Buried in plastic-lined landfills, they will dry out, harden and turn to stone.(骨头，经典的化石遗迹，将讲述一个故事。超市的鸡，现在是地球上最常见的鸟类，有很高的化石形成几率。被埋在有塑料衬里的垃圾填埋场中，它们会变干、硬化并变成石头。)”可知，提及超市鸡是为了举例说明生物如何通过特定环境条件（如填埋）变成化石。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But there’s a more troubling truth. Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution: damaging, often toxic, and costly. If we fail to act, these technofossils will serve as a lasting reminder of environmental neglect, locking in harm for future generations.(但有一个更令人担忧的事实。明天的化石就是今天的污染：有害、通常有毒且代价高昂。如果我们不采取行动，这些技术化石将成为对环境忽视的永久警示，给后代带来持续的伤害。)”可知，作者对技术化石的潜在环境危害表示担忧。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍技术化石（由日常物品形成的未来化石）可能成为人类的终极遗产（第二段“We’ve written about this in our new book, Discarded: how technofossils will be our ultimate legacy. (我们在新书《丢弃：技术化石将如何成为我们的最终遗产》中写到了这一点。)”），同时指出其本质是当下的污染（最后一段“Tomorrow’s fossils are today’s pollution.(明天的化石就是今天的污染。)”）。所以A选项Technofossils: Ultimate Legacy or Future Pollution?(技术化石：终极遗产还是未来污染？)涵盖文章核心矛盾，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·江西南昌·期中） Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. However, human activities have caused severe damage to marine ecosystems, making ocean protection an urgent task for sustainable development.​ Plastic pollution is one of the most serious threats to oceans. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the sea, harming marine life. Sea turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, and fish get trapped in plastic nets. This not only disrupts the food chain but also affects human health when contaminated seafood is consumed. To reduce plastic pollution, individuals should minimize the use of single-use plastics, while governments should implement stricter regulations on plastic production and disposal.​ Overfishing is another major issue. Many fish species are on the verge of extinction due to excessive fishing. This not only reduces biodiversity but also threatens the livelihoods of people who depend on fishing. Implementing sustainable fishing practices, such as setting catch limits and protecting spawning grounds, is essential to restore marine populations.​ Furthermore, ocean acidification, caused by increased carbon dioxide absorption, weakens coral reefs and shell-forming organisms. Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems, like mangroves and seagrass beds, can help mitigate this problem as they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.​ In summary, protecting oceans is vital for both ecological balance and human well-being. By reducing pollution, practicing sustainable fishing, and addressing acidification, we can ensure the oceans continue to support life on Earth.​ 5.Why is plastic pollution harmful to humans?​ A. It damages fishing boats.​ B. Contaminated seafood affects health.​ C. It blocks shipping routes.​ D. It causes skin diseases.​ 6.What does "overfishing" mean according to the passage?​ A. Fishing in the wrong season.​ B. Fishing with outdated equipment.​ C. Catching too many fish.​ D. Fishing in protected areas.​ 7.How can coastal ecosystems help with ocean acidification?​ A. They produce oxygen.​ B. They absorb much carbon dioxide.​ C. They prevent storms.​ D. They cool the ocean water.​ 8.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. Oceans are important for tourism.​ B. Human activities are destroying oceans.​ C. We must take action to protect oceans.​ D. Marine life is facing many dangers. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文阐述了海洋面临的塑料污染、过度捕捞、酸化等问题，提出了相应的保护措施，强调保护海洋对生态平衡和人类福祉至关重要。 5．细节理解题。解析：第二段明确指出 “this not only disrupts the food chain but also affects human health when contaminated seafood is consumed”，即受污染的海鲜会影响人类健康。A、C、D 选项文中均未提及。故选B。 6．词义猜测题。解析：根据第三段 “Many fish species are on the verge of extinction due to excessive fishing”，“overfishing” 指的是过度捕捞，即捕太多鱼，与 “catching too many fish” 意思一致。A、B、D 选项不符合文意。故选C。 7．细节理解题。解析：第四段提到 “protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems... can help mitigate this problem as they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide”，说明沿海生态系统能吸收大量二氧化碳，从而缓解海洋酸化。A、C、D 选项不是其作用。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。解析：文章开头指出海洋保护的紧迫性，中间分析了海洋面临的问题及解决措施，结尾总结保护海洋的重要性，核心是呼吁采取行动保护海洋。A 选项未提及；B、D 选项是文中部分内容，不是主旨。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·河南安阳·期中） Forests are often called the "lungs of the Earth" because they absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, playing a vital role in regulating the global climate. However, deforestation and unsustainable logging practices have led to severe environmental consequences, making sustainable forest management essential.​ Deforestation, mainly caused by agricultural expansion and illegal logging, results in the loss of biodiversity. Thousands of plant and animal species lose their habitats, leading to extinction. Additionally, when trees are cut down, the carbon stored in them is released into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. To combat deforestation, governments must enforce laws against illegal logging and promote reforestation programs.​ Sustainable logging practices are crucial for balancing human needs and environmental protection. Selective cutting, where only mature trees are harvested, allows young trees to grow and maintain the forest's ecological function. Moreover, replanting trees after logging ensures that forests can regenerate. This approach not only provides timber for human use but also preserves the forest's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.​ Local communities also play a key role in sustainable forest management. Involving indigenous people and local residents in decision-making processes ensures that forest resources are used responsibly. These communities often have traditional knowledge about forest conservation, which can be combined with modern science to develop effective management strategies. For example, some communities practice agroforestry, growing crops alongside trees to meet their needs without destroying the forest.​ In conclusion, sustainable forest management is essential for preserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and meeting human needs. By combating deforestation, adopting sustainable logging practices, and involving local communities, we can ensure that forests continue to thrive for generations to come.​ 9.Why are forests called the "lungs of the Earth"?​ A. They are full of fresh air.​ B. They absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.​ C. They provide shelter for animals.​ D. They prevent soil erosion.​ 10.What is the result of deforestation mentioned in the passage?​ A. Increased rainfall.​ B. Loss of biodiversity.​ C. Better agricultural production.​ D. Reduced carbon dioxide.​ 11.What does "regenerate" in paragraph 3 probably mean?​ A. Disappear​ B. Recover​ C. Die​ D. Shrink​ 12.How can local communities contribute to sustainable forest management?​ A. By cutting down all trees for profit.​ B. By ignoring traditional knowledge.​ C. By participating in decision-making and using traditional knowledge.​ D. By opposing reforestation programs. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．B 12. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要强调可持续森林管理的重要性，分析了森林砍伐的危害，介绍了可持续伐木方式和当地社区的作用，呼吁保护森林这一 “地球之肺”。 9．细节理解题。解析：第一段明确说明 “Forests are often called the 'lungs of the Earth' because they absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen”，这是森林被称为 “地球之肺” 的原因。A、C、D 选项虽与森林有关，但不是该称呼的原因。故选B。 10．细节理解题。解析：第二段提到 “Deforestation... results in the loss of biodiversity”，即森林砍伐导致生物多样性丧失。A、C 选项文中未提及；D 选项与原文 “the carbon stored in them is released into the atmosphere” 相反。故选B。 11．词义猜测题。解析：第三段指出 “replanting trees after logging ensures that forests can regenerate”，重新种树会让森林 “再生”，即恢复，“regenerate” 与 “recover” 意思相近。A “消失”、C “死亡”、D “缩小” 均不符合语境。故选B。 12．细节理解题。解析：第四段提到 “Involving indigenous people and local residents in decision-making processes... These communities often have traditional knowledge about forest conservation”，说明当地社区通过参与决策和运用传统知识为森林管理做贡献。A、B、D 选项与文意相悖。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $