专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·吉林长春·期中） Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity. While the term AI conjures up anxieties about killer robots or catastrophic levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper implications. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications. Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them — on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves. In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) prescription is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will. Recommendation engines, which are increasingly prevalent intermediaries in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to constrain choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. In one sense, this is helpful. After all, machines can survey a wider range of choices than any individual is likely to have the time or energy to do on their own. At the same time, though, this selection is optimizing for what people are likely to prefer based on what they’ve preferred in the past. We think there is some risk that people’s options will be constrained by their past in a new and unanticipated way. As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on more extensive data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become utterly predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant. Algorithms could soon — if they don’t already — have a better idea about which show you’d like to watch next and which job candidate you should hire than you do. One day, humans may even find a way for machines to make these decisions without some of the biases that humans typically display. But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures inhabiting the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us. 1．What do we learn about the deeper implications of AI? A．It is causing catastrophic levels of unemployment. B．It is doing physical harm to human operators. C．It is altering moral judgments. D．It is reshaping humanity. 2．What is the consequence of algorithmic prescription replacing human judgment? A．Managers no longer have the chance to decide which loan to approve. B．People are prevented from participating in making major decisions in the workplace. C．People lose the chance to cultivate the ability to make practical judgments. D．Managers do not need to take the trouble to determine who to hire or fire. 3．What may result from increasing application of recommendation engines in our consumption of culture? A．Consumers will actually enjoy better luck. B．Consumers will have much limited choice. C．It will be easier to decide on what to enjoy. D．Humans will develop tastes similar to machines’. 4．Why does the author say the creatures living in the more and more AI-mediated world will become increasingly unlike us? A．They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable. B．They will have lost the most significant human element of being intelligent. C．They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today. D．They will be deprived of what their predecessors were proud of about themselves. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人工智能如何重塑人类，影响人类的判断和选择能力，让人类丧失其不可预测性，变得不再像自己。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity. (例如，人工智能正在改变人类)”和第二段中“As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications. (随着人工智能越来越多地塑造人类体验，这将如何改变作为人类的意义？问题的核心是一个人做出选择的能力，尤其是具有道德含义的判断)”可推知，人工智能的深层含义是它正在改变人类的意义，即重塑人类。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) prescription is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will. (在这些领域，算法正在取代人类的判断，因此，那些本有机会在这些领域发展实践判断的人将不再有机会)”可知，算法替代人类判断会导致人们失去培养实践判断能力的机会。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Recommendation engines, which are increasingly prevalent intermediaries in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to constrain choice and minimize luck. (推荐引擎作为人们文化消费中越来越普遍的中介，可能会限制选择，使机遇最小化)”可知，越来越广泛的推荐引擎可能会限制消费者的选择。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures inhabiting the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us. (但在某种程度上，不可预测性是人们理解自己的一部分，也是人们喜欢自己的一部分，人类正在失去一些重要的东西。随着它们变得越来越可预测，生活在日益以人工智能为媒介的世界中的生物将变得越来越不像我们)”可推知，不可预测性是人类的重要特性，而人工智能可能会导致这种不可预测性的丧失，因此作者认为生活在越来越以人工智能为媒介的世界里的生物将越来越不像我们。故选A项。。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁阜新·期中） “Shuan Q” is a meme(网络流行语)which can be used as a popular way to say “I’m speechless” with a matching emoji(表情包)at ached behind. No-one can deny the power of the Internet. Some believe it makes language weaker but some see a brighter side, believing it makes online communication easier between strangers. An elementary school teacher in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, says that the evolution of Internet slang is not all fun and carefree. From his daily observations, he believes the “geographic boundary” between Internet slang and formal language is disappearing. On many occasions, the composition she has received from pupil have been flooded with abbreviated slangs(网络梗). During last year’s Two Sessions, several representatives put forward proposals such as “regulating online language” and “banning vulgar(粗俗)words”, specifically to address this issue, expressing the need to reduce online language misuse and strengthen the protection of Chinese. However, many experts and scholars of linguistics and communication including Feng Zhiwei disagree. Feng, believes that Internet language is a natural product of the dynamic development of language, and it is not necessary to ban it. 5．What made the meme “Shuan Q” become popular? A．The power of internet B．The protection of Chinese C．Geographic boundary D．Strangers’s communication 6．What can we learn about internet slangs from paragraph 2 and 3? A．They are formal. B．They are funny and carefree. C．They are flooded among pupils. D．They were supported by all people. 7．What is Feng Zhiwei’s opinion about internet slangs? A．They are natural. B．They are misused. C．They should be banned. D．They are disappearing. 8．Which word best describe the authors attitude to internet slangs? A．Doubtful B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Favorable 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络用语的发展，以及各界人员对于网络用语的态度。 5．细节理解题。第一段第一二句提到““Shuan Q” is a meme(网络流行语)which can be used as a popular way to say “I’m speechless” with a matching emoji(表情包)at ached behind. No-one can deny the power of the Internet.”（“栓Q”是一种流行的表情包，可以用来表示“我说不出话了”，后面还有一个匹配的表情包。没有人能否认互联网的力量。）由此判断，栓Q的兴起是由于网络的发展。故选A。 6．推理判断题。第二段最后一句提到“On many occasions, the composition she has received from pupil have been flooded with abbreviated slangs(网络梗).”（在很多情况下，她从学生那里收到的作文都充斥着缩写俚语。）以及第三段“During last year’s Two Sessions, several representatives put forward proposals such as “regulating online language” and “banning vulgar(粗俗)words”, specifically to address this issue, expressing the need to reduce online language misuse and strengthen the protection of Chinese.”（在去年的两会上，多位代表专门针对这一问题提出了“规范网络语言”、“禁止低俗语言”等建议，表示要减少网络语言滥用，加强对汉语的保护。）由此判断，网络用语在学生之间非常的泛滥以至于要减少网络语言的滥用，保护汉语。故选C。 7．推理判断题。第三段最后一句提到“expressing the need to reduce online language misuse and strengthen the protection of Chinese.”（表示要减少网络语言滥用，加强对汉语的保护。）以及最后一段提到“However, many experts and scholars of linguistics and communication including Feng Zhiwei disagree. Feng, believes that Internet language is a natural product of the dynamic development of language, and it is not necessary to ban it.”（然而，包括冯志伟在内的许多语言学和传播学专家和学者并不同意这一观点。冯教授认为，网络语言是语言动态发展的自然产物，没有必要禁止。）由此判断，冯教授认为网络用语是在社会发展下的自然产物，没有必要禁止其发展。故选A。 8．推理判断题。文章第一段提到“Some believe it makes language weaker but some see a brighter side, believing it makes online communication easier between strangers.”（一些人认为它使语言变得更弱，但也有人看到了好的一面，认为它使陌生人之间的在线交流更容易。）第二段陈述了杭州一位小学老师看到网络用语在学生中的传播情况，第三段则谈到两会期间对禁止低俗网络用语，加强对汉语保护的提案，第四段则谈到不同人对于网络用语的态度，即网络用语是社会发展下的自然产物，不需要刻意禁止。由此判断，作者是以站在客观的角度谈论网络用语这一社会现象。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁阜新·期中） While English is getting more important in our schools, Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. But Chinese can be more difficult to learn. At least 16-year-old Piao Chenglong thinks so. “English is easier for me. Chinese characters (汉字) have too many strokes (笔画),” said Piao. “But I want to learn it. I want to study at Beijing University when I grow up.” Piao is from Korea. He came to China in 2008. In Korea, there are more than 300, 000 Chinese learners like Piao. Some Korean students begin to learn to write the language on their first day at school. To help students learn Chinese, Korea holds speaking competitions for high school students every year. Chinese isn’t just popular in Korea. People from all the world want to learn it. The Ministry of Education of China says that nearly 130 million people from 85 countries are learning Chinese. This number will be increasing to 800 million in the coming years. In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. Some American middle schools have Chinese classes. Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots (中国结). Some even try to write and draw in the Chinese way! People want to learn Chinese because China is becoming such an important country. Foreign countries want to understand China better to help them with business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. It has sent more than 200 Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Many more Confucius Institutes (孔子学院) will be set up in the world. These institutes will teach Chinese to foreign students. 9．Which of the following is the topic sentence for the text? A．Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. B．Chinese can be more difficult to learn. C．In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. D．Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots. 10．Where does Piao Chenglong come from? A．China. B．America. C．Korea. D．Spain. 11．According to the text, some American middle school students learn to do the following EXCEPT ________. A．making jiaozi B．writing and drawing in the Chinese way C．tying Chinese knots D．singing Chinese songs 12．Why do foreign people want to learn Chinese? A．Because Chinese is getting more important in their schools. B．Because Chinese characters have too many strokes. C．Because the number of people learning Chinese will be 800 million. D．Because China is becoming more and more important in the world. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着中国在世界上变得越来越重要，越来越多的外国学生开始学习汉语。 9．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“While English is getting more important in our schools, Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. (当英语在我们学校变得越来越重要的时候，汉语在外国孩子中也越来越受欢迎)”及下文内容可知，本文描述汉语在外国孩子中很受欢迎。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Piao is from Korea. (朴来自韩国)”可知，朴成龙（音译）来自韩国。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots. Some even try to write and draw in the Chinese way! (学生们学习包饺子和打中国结。有些人甚至尝试用中国的方式书写和绘画)”可知，一些美国中学学生学习包饺子、打中国结、用中国的方式书写和绘画，没有提到唱中文歌。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“People want to learn Chinese because China is becoming such an important country. (人们想学习汉语，因为中国正在成为一个如此重要的国家)”可知，外国人想要学习汉语是因为中国正在世界上变得越来越重要。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中） Simply put, soul searching means the effort to find meaning and purpose in life. It is about uncovering the reason for our existence and filling our lives with purpose. Though not a medical or commonly used term in psychiatry(精神病学), soul searching represents a healthy form of self-reflection. From a psychological perspective, as explained by Natalie Rosado, the founder of Tampa Counseling Place, soul searching is a “deep introspective(内省的)process through which an individual tries to gain insight into their deep thoughts, emotions, values, and beliefs”. People who take soul searching might do so to face unresolved conflicts, gain a better understanding of their identity, and deepen their connection with themselves and others. It plays a vital role in personal growth. By questioning established patterns and looking for change, one creates room for improvement. Writing journals is a valuable way for soul searching. Writing about daily experiences, thoughts, and emotions can clarify one’s feelings and motivations, revealing patterns or conflicts that need attention. Additionally, writing journals is generally beneficial for mental health. A 2022 study showed that it reduced anxiety by 9%, PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)by 6%, and depression by 2%. We know that soul searching can be challenging at times. “Soul searching can be tough, and that’s completely normal and okay,” Rosado says. It’s valid to feel that things are hard and that you’re not making much progress. Many people also end up feeling confused. Rosado emphasizes the importance of being patient with oneself. “There is no changeless timeline for soul searching, and going at your own pace can help you move forward smoothly.” Rosado adds, “There are several ways to put soul searching into daily life, such as keeping a journal, taking long walks in nature, and undergoing treatment. It can also be a natural part of your routine,” Rosado suggests seeing this process as something natural rather than something forced, Being mindful of your values and true self naturally leads to personal growth. 1．What can we know about soul searching? A．It can be of different depths. B．It’s everywhere in our lives. C．It’s about firm progress. D．It’s a medical concept. 2．How do people improve themselves by soul searching? A．By dealing with difficulties. B．By building their identify. C．By questioning existent patterns. D．By interacting with others more. 3．Why is keeping a journal good for self-reflection? A．It develops a regular habit. B．It can clarify one’s feelings. C．It records essential issues. D．It lowers the level of excitement. 4．What can be learned from what Rosado says in the last paragraph? A．Soul searching may consume patience. B．Being close to nature is a part of lives. C．Personal growth requires correct values. D．There are ways to practice soul searching. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了“心灵探索（soul searching）”这一概念，包括其含义、对个人成长的作用、进行心灵探索的方式以及在探索过程中可能遇到的挑战和应对方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“soul searching is a ‘deep introspective(内省的) process through which an individual tries to gain insight into their deep thoughts, emotions, values, and beliefs’.(灵魂探索是一个‘深刻的内省过程，通过这个过程，个人试图深入了解自己的深层思想、情感、价值观和信念’。)”可知，灵魂探索是一个内省的过程，内省可以有不同的深度。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“By questioning established patterns and looking for change, one creates room for improvement.(通过质疑既定的模式并寻求改变，一个人就为进步创造了空间。)”可知，人们通过质疑现有的模式来通过灵魂探索提升自己。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Writing about daily experiences, thoughts, and emotions can clarify one’s feelings and motivations, revealing patterns or conflicts that need attention.(写下日常经历、思想和情感可以澄清自己的感受和动机，揭示出需要关注的模式或冲突。)”可知，记日记可以澄清一个人的感受，所以对自我反省有好处。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are several ways to put soul searching into daily life, such as keeping a journal, taking long walks in nature, and undergoing treatment.(有几种方法可以将灵魂探索融入日常生活，比如记日记、在大自然中长途散步和接受治疗。)”可知，最后一段Rosado所说的话让我们了解到有方法可以进行灵魂探索。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Lisa started climbing five years ago when a friend asked her to climb Mt. Rainier. The ability to experience part of the mountain that few people reach drew Lisa to continuing her climbing. By 2012 she and her husband had climbed the highest points in North America, South America and Europe. They had also volunteered for numerous projects with Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation (ASC). Their latest goal was Mt. Vinson in Antarctica to collect snow samples for ASC． It was difficult for Lisa’s family who had spent all their lives in Illinois to picture what would draw her to such a remote continent (大陆). Her primary motivation was to safely climb Mt. Vinson, but secondarily she wanted to share the experience with others who, like her father, couldn’t imagine what the coldest continent was like. As they gradually made their way up toward Mt. Vinson, Lisa’s body got used to the cold, dry air and a heavy pack. Her mind was filled with the vastness of this continent. How is it possible that so few people have seen it? How can it be kept so that others have the opportunity to responsibly do so? Part of her duty was to answer the last question. After she had collected the snow in a small plastic bottle, she labeled (贴标签) it and stored it for safe keeping. As she watched the snow inside, she thought about the story it would tell. What would researchers learn about this mountain? What had it endured during its lifetime? What would we, as servants of this earth, do with this information? She didn’t have the skills to answer these questions by herself, but knowing that she played a small part in allowing them to be answered was exciting, just as gratifying as reaching the top. 5．What pushed Lisa to continue her climbing? A．Her great ability to reach the mountain top. B．Her love of challenging herself. C．Her friend’s encouragement. D．Her desire to win. 6．What did Lisa’s family think about her climbing Mt. Vinson? A．It was inspiring. B．It was meaningful. C．It was entertaining. D．It was unbelievable. 7．What can we know about Lisa on her way up to Mt. Vinson? A．She could not bear her heavy package. B．She was not curious about people’s visiting. C．She was greatly impressed by the large continent. D．She felt nothing of the continent. 8．What does the underlined word “gratifying” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Simple. B．Pleasing. C．Practical. D．Difficult. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The ability to experience part of the mountain that few people reach drew Lisa to continuing her climbing. By 2012 she and her husband had climbed the highest points in North America, South America and Europe.(能够体验很少有人能到达的那座山的一部分，这促使丽莎继续攀登。到2012年，她和丈夫已经攀登了北美、南美和欧洲的最高点)”可知，她登上山顶的巨大能力促使丽莎继续攀登。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was difficult for Lisa’s family who had spent all their lives in Illinois to picture what would draw her to such a remote continent (大陆).(丽莎的家人一辈子都住在伊利诺斯州，很难想象是什么吸引她来到这片遥远的大陆)”可知，丽莎的家人对她攀登文森山感到难以置信。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her primary motivation was to safely climb Mt. Vinson, but secondarily she wanted to share the experience with others who, like her father, couldn’t imagine what the coldest continent was like.(她最初的动机是安全登上文森山，但其次，她想与其他人分享这一经历，比如她的父亲，他们无法想象这片最寒冷的大陆是什么样子)”第三段“Her mind was filled with the vastness of this continent. How is it possible that so few people have seen it?(她满脑子都是这片广袤的大陆。怎么可能只有这么少的人看过它呢？)”可知，辽阔的大陆给她留下了深刻的印象。故选C项。 8．词句猜测题。根据第三段可知，辽阔的大陆给丽莎留下了深刻的印象。根据上文“She didn’t have the skills to answer these questions by herself, but knowing that she played a small part in allowing them to be answered was exciting(她不具备独自回答这些问题的能力，但知道自己在允许回答这些问题中扮演了一个小角色是令人兴奋的)”可知，丽莎知道她在允许回答这些问题中扮演了一个小角色是令人兴奋的，就像达到顶峰一样令人高兴。由此推之，划线词的意思是“令人高兴的”。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中） I noticed two male bluebirds. They appeared to be helping a female with a group of newly-born birds. I wanted to know if one of the males was an invader (入侵者). This is the fun of bird watching — you never know when you’ll find something exciting and unusual. Like 90% of the bird world, one male bluebird pairs with only one female, and together they raise a family. But sometimes a third adult shows up and helps the pair raise the young. Often it is a relative. The most likely reasons a lone bluebird becomes a “helper bird” are that it either has lost its mate (配偶) or failed to get one during the mating season. Both the mated pair and the helper get some advantages when helping happens. Every time the helper brings food to the nest (巢), one of the parents is free to take care of its own needs for a few minutes. Helpers also protect the nest by driving away possible enemies. The helper’s gain is less direct but equally valuable. He or she (helpers can be male or female) learns how to be a parent. Though raising babies is natural, skilled parents usually are more successful. The Florida scrub jay is a kind of bird living in the U.S. state of Florida. Many pairs of Florida scrub jays “have” one to six helpers. Usually the helpers are older children, and they do their job very well. Nests with helpers have 50% more young than nests without helpers (about half the jays don’t use helpers). Helping in scrub jays seems related to a shortage of nesting habitats. Young jays must wait for older birds to die to get a nest. During the time, they help raise their younger brothers and sisters. 1．Why may a bluebird be a helper for other bird pairs? A．It has no mate of its own. B．It wants to be a parent itself. C．It wants to live in others’ nests. D．It is good at raising baby birds. 2．What advantage does a helper bird get from being a helper? A．Practicing building nests. B．Being an experienced parent. C．Having its own needs satisfied. D．Finding a mate as soon as possible. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Florida scrub jays are an endangered species. B．Some Florida scrub jays will die without a nest. C．Florida scrub jays need great help from humans. D．More young Florida scrub jays survive with helpers. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Bluebirds share nests. B．Animals are human-like. C．Helper birds feed and raise young of others. D．Bird watching brings people close to nature. 【答案】1．A 12．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了因为没有伴侣而帮助其他鸟抚养幼鸟的“助手鸟”。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The most likely reasons a lone bluebird becomes a “helper bird” are that it either has lost its mate (配偶) or failed to get one during the mating season.(孤独的蓝鸲成为“助手鸟”的最可能原因是，它要么失去了配偶，要么在交配季节找不到配偶)”可知，蓝鸲成为“助手鸟”是因为它没有自己的伴侣。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“He or she (helpers can be male or female) learns how to be a parent.(它（助手鸟可以是雄性或雌性）学习如何做父母)”可知，助手鸟在帮助其他鸟的过程中可以积累作家长的经验。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“Nests with helpers have 50% more young than nests without helpers (about half the jays don’t use helpers).(有助手的鸟巢比没有助手的鸟巢幼鸟数量多出50%（大约一半的松鸦不使用助手）)”可知，在助手鸟的帮助下，更多的松鸦幼鸟存活了下来。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了有些鸟因为没有伴侣而成为了“助手鸟”，结合第二段第二句“But sometimes a third adult shows up and helps the pair raise the young.(但有时会有第三只成年鸟出现，帮助它们抚养幼鸟)”及文章的内容可知，本文主要介绍了“助手鸟”帮助其他鸟抚养幼鸟。故选C。 Passage 2 （（24-25高二上·吉林四平·期中） On Scotland’s west coast is the Firth of Clyde, a large home to thousands of porpoises(海豚) and one dolphin named Kylie. Kylie hasn’t been observed with other common dolphins in at least 14 years but she’s far from alone. On clear days in the Clyde, visitors to the marina can sometimes see Kylie swimming with porpoises, which are about two-thirds her size. New research suggests Kylie’s ties to porpoises are closer than scientists imagined. While a common dolphin’s vocal(发声的) ability should include a diverse range of clicks, whistles (口哨声)，and etc. , Kylie doesn’t whistle. Instead, she “talks” more like porpoises, which communicate using high bursts of clicks. “The study suggests that she may be communicating with the porpoises, or at least attempting to. It’s part of a growing body of work that shows a rich world of interactions(互动) between different species of dolphins, Clearly, species in the wild interact much more than we thought,” says dolphin behaviour expert Denise Herzing. To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises, scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018. “She’s definitely identified as a porpoise,” says Nairn, who trained as a sea biologist in college. Researchers also studied thousands of dolphins clicks from the recordings carefully. While dolphins whistle very often, porpoises never do. Instead, they communicate with what are called narrow-band, high-frequency (NBHF) clicks. To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. Ever since February 2021, Kylie has been missing. Nairn says he can’t help but worry. Nairn and his workmates say they’re eager to look for and listen to Kylie as soon as the spring field season begins-and see what else she might teach us. 5．In what way are porpoises different from dolphins? A．Porpoises are bigger in size. B．Porpoises never whistle. C．Porpoises like living in groups. D．Porpoises live in fresh waters. 6．How does Kylie communicate with the porpoises? A．By touching. B．By whispering. C．By nodding her head. D．By giving out clicks. 7．What was the device used for? A．Taking clear pictures of Kylie underwater. B．Learning more about Kylie’s habitat. C．Studying the clicks made by Kylie and the porpoises. D．Examining how sea creatures interact each other. 8．What is a good way to hear an NBHF click? A．Playing it underwater. B．Playing it repeatedly. C．Playing it in a quiet place. D．Playing it a lot more slowly. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕苏格兰西海岸的一只名为Kylie的海豚展开，详细介绍了它与鼠海豚之间特殊的关系，包括Kylie在发声方式上与普通海豚不同而更像鼠海豚，科学家为了研究它们的关系借用设备记录声音并进行分析等内容。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While dolphins whistle very often, porpoises never do. (虽然海豚经常发出哨声，但鼠海豚从不这样做。)”可知，海豚经常吹口哨，而鼠海豚从不吹口哨，这是它们在发声方式上的不同，故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, she ‘’talks’ more like porpoises, which communicate using high bursts of clicks. (相反，她“说话”更像鼠海豚，鼠海豚使用高频率的咔哒声进行交流。)”可知，Kylie像鼠海豚一样通过发出一连串的咔哒声来交流，故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises, scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018. (为了更多地了解凯莉与鼠海豚的关系，科学家们借了一个装置，用于记录2016年至2018年凯莉和鼠海豚相遇时的声音。)”可知，该装置是用来记录Kylie和鼠海豚相遇时发出的声音，也就是研究它们发出的咔哒声，故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据第五段中“To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. (要听到一个窄带高频咔哒声，你必须把它放慢大约一百倍来播放。)”可知，要听到窄带高频（NBHF）咔哒声，需要将其播放速度放慢约一百倍，故选D项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁大连联考·期中） When stressed out, many of us turn to junk foods like deep-fried food for comfort. But a new research suggests this may be just the opposite. The study found that in animals, a high-fat diet upsets resident gut bacteria (肠道细菌), changes behavior and, through a complex pathway connecting the gut to the brain, influences brain chemicals in ways that add anxiety. “We all know that high-fat foods are not healthy foods, but we tend to think about them strictly in terms of a little weight gain,” said lead author Christopher Lowry. “If we understand that they also impact our brains in a way that can raise anxiety, that makes the risk even higher.” To better fathom what may be driving the fat-anxiety connection, Lowry’s team divided mice into two groups: Half got a standard diet of about 11% fat for nine weeks; the others received a high-fat diet, with 45% fat mostly from animal products. When compared to the control group, the group eating a high-fat diet, not surprisingly, gained weight. But the animals also showed significantly less diversity of gut bacteria. Generally speaking, more bacterial diversity is associated with better health, Lowry explained. The high-fat diet group also showed higher expression of three genes (基因) (tph2, htmla and slc6a4) involved in production and signaling of the brain chemical called serotonin — particularly in a region of the central part of the brain known as the dorsal raphe nucleus cDRD, which is associated with stress and anxiety. While serotonin is often considered as a “feel-good brain chemical”, Lowry notes that certain groups of serotonin neurons (神经元) can, when activated, touch off anxiety-like responses in animals. Especially, heightened expression of tph2 in the cDRD has been associated with mood disorders in humans. “To think that just a high-fat diet could change expression of these genes in the brain is extraordinary,” said Lowry. “The high-fat group essentially had a high anxiety state in their brains.” However, Lowry stresses that not all fats are bad, and that healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts and seeds can be good for brains. 1．What does the new research show? A．Brain chemicals cause anxiety. B．High-fat foods bring bad moods. C．Junk foods can make people happy. D．Gut bacteria benefit brain health. 2．What does the underlined word “fathom” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Assign. B．Understand. C．Stimulate. D．Inform. 3．How were the mice eating a high- fat diet by contrast with the control group? A．They looked more anxious. B．They lost much more weight. C．They suffered mood disorders. D．They lacked gut bacteria variety. 4．What’s Lowry’s attitude towards fat? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究发现在动物身上，高脂肪饮食会破坏肠道细菌，改变行为，并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径影响大脑化学物质，从而加剧焦虑。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The study found that in animals, a high-fat diet upsets resident gut bacteria (肠道细菌), changes behavior and, through a complex pathway connecting the gut to the brain, influences brain chemicals in ways that add anxiety.(研究发现，在动物中，高脂肪饮食会扰乱肠道细菌，改变行为，并通过连接肠道和大脑的复杂途径，以增加焦虑的方式影响大脑化学物质。)”可知，高脂肪食物会使人们产生焦虑，从而给人们带来坏心情。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词句后文“Lowry’s team divided mice into two groups: Half got a standard diet of about 11% fat for nine weeks; the others received a high-fat diet, with 45% fat mostly from animal products (Lowry的团队将小鼠分为两组：一半的小鼠在9周内摄入约11%脂肪的标准饮食；其他小鼠则接受高脂肪饮食，其中45%的脂肪主要来自动物产品)”可知，把老鼠分成两组进行研究是为了更好地了解是什么导致了肥胖和焦虑之间的联系，故推测fathom意为“了解”，与 Understand意思相近。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When compared to the control group, the group eating a high-fat diet, not surprisingly, gained weight. But the animals also showed significantly less diversity of gut bacteria.(与对照组相比，吃高脂肪食物的那一组体重增加了，这并不奇怪。但这些动物的肠道细菌多样性也明显减少。)”可知，与对照组相比，吃高脂肪食物的老鼠缺乏肠道细菌的多样性。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The high-fat group essentially had a high anxiety state in their brains.” However, Lowry stresses that not all fats are bad, and that healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts and seeds can be good for brains. (“高脂肪组的大脑基本上处于高度焦虑状态。”然而，Lowry强调并不是所有的脂肪都是有害的，像鱼、坚果和种子中发现的健康脂肪对大脑有好处。)”可知，Lowry对脂肪持客观态度。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁丹东·期中） We often get into arguments with others and probably think we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. According to a recent psychology study, people tend to assume they have all of the information that they need to make decisions - even if they don’t. This is called the Illusion of Information Adequacy, as described in a PLOS ONE journal article on October 9th. In the study, researchers from Ohio State, Stanford, surveyed 1,261 Americans online. Group One read an article that only gave reasons why the school should cooperate with another that has better water. Group Two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group Three was the control group that read all of the reasons from the above articles. They found that the majority from Group One and Group Two still believed that they had enough information to make a good decision about what to do. Most said that they would follow the advice in the article they read. Those from Group One were significantly more likely to recommend the schools cooperate, while readers from Group Two were significantly more likely to recommend that the schools remain separate. About 55 percent of the control group recommend the schools cooperate. The participants who had half the information also said that they thought most people would make the same decision they did. The team calls this belief that we are correct - even when we don’t have all of the information - the Illusion of Information Adequacy. Fletcher describes it as “The less that our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know, which leads to overconfident decisions and judgments, when we are missing necessary information.” In a follow-up study with 100 readers from Group One and Group Two, the research tried to know what the participants did after hearing both sides. At first, they shared arguments and reasoned together. Eventually, these arguments and reasoning resulted in them saying “That sounds right.” According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to fight the Illusion of Information Adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to pause and ask, “Is there something I’m overlooking that could help me understand their viewpoint better?” This can help reduce interpersonal conflict. 5．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The content of the article. B．The design of the survey. C．The cause of the research. D．The reactions of participants. 6．What does the Illusion of Information Adequacy lead to? A．Making decisions quickly. B．Feeling much too confident. C．Knowing enough information. D．Always agreeing with others. 7．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The research result. B．The number of participants. C．The size of the groups. D．The process of changing minds. 8．What does Fletcher suggest to reduce conflict? A．Agreeing with others’ ideas. B．Focusing on new information. C．Ignoring deeply-held beliefs. D．Stopping to consider other views. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项心理学研究表明人们存在信息充足性错觉，即便信息不全也自信决策。研究通过分组调查证实，还给出减少人际冲突的方法，即思考是否忽略他人观点。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the study, researchers from Ohio State, Stanford, surveyed 1,261 Americans online. Group One read an article that only gave reasons why the school should cooperate with another that has better water. Group Two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group Three was the control group that read all of the reasons from the above articles. (在这项研究中，来自俄亥俄州立大学和斯坦福大学的研究人员对 1261 名美国人进行了在线调查。第一组阅读了一篇只给出学校为何应与另一所水源更好的学校合作的文章。第二组阅读了一篇只给出学校应保持独立并寻求其他解决问题办法的文章。第三组是对照组，阅读了上述文章中的所有理由。)”可知，该段主要讲述了调查的设计，包括分组情况以及每组阅读的内容。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段“Fletcher describes it as ‘The less that our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know, which leads to overconfident decisions and judgments, when we are missing necessary information.’ (弗莱彻将其描述为‘我们大脑知道得越少，就越自信地认为自己知道了所需知道的一切，这会导致我们在缺少必要信息时做出过度自信的决策和判断。’)”可知，信息充足性错觉会导致人们过度自信。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第六段“In a follow-up study with 100 readers from Group One and Group Two, the research tried to know what the participants did after hearing both sides. (在对来自第一组和第二组的 100 名读者进行的后续研究中，研究试图了解参与者在听到双方观点后做了什么。)”可知，后续研究关注的是参与者改变想法的过程。故选D项。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to fight the Illusion of Information Adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to pause and ask, ‘Is there something I’m overlooking that could help me understand their viewpoint better?’ This can help reduce interpersonal conflict. (根据弗莱彻的说法，当与某人意见不一致时，对抗信息充足性错觉的最佳方法之一是停下来问问自己，‘我是否忽略了一些能帮助我更好理解他们观点的东西？’这有助于减少人际冲突。)”可知，弗莱彻建议通过停下来考虑他人观点来减少冲突。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） This summer, Europe’s most popular attractions are fighting back against overtourism (过度旅游). As many destinations move to restrict, fine and protest tourists for bad behavior, Copenhagen is trying a different approach to turning tourism from a negative force to a positive one. Tourism officials in Copenhagen introduced CopenPay, a new pilot project that will provide various gifts and benefits to travelers who engage in climate-friendly behaviors, such as taking public transport or volunteering in clean-up efforts. These include free coffee and free museum tours. Green actions have become a currency for enjoying Copenhagen’s free food and cultural experiences. Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, says the initiative is not meant to increase tourism but merely promotes a better way to go about it. It aims to help transform tourism from “an environmental burden” into a “force for positive change.” He adds, “An important step in this transformation is to change how we move around on the destination, what we consume, and how we interact with the locals.” According to a 2023 sustainable report from a London-based market research group, 81% of consumers say they want to act more sustainably, but only 22% have changed their behavior. Mikkel views CopenPay as an experimental step to bridge the gap between the desire to act sustainably and actual behavior. “We hope that by showing the success of this and other initiatives, other cities around the globe will be inspired to find their way to encourage more sustainable tourism behavior, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for everyone.” Will Copenhagen’s strategy work? Only time will tell. Still, Randy Durband, chief executive of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, believes it “deserves some credit for not shaking a fist at bad behavior but trying to make it fun and have some rewards and benefits.” 1．How does Copenhagen cope with overtourism? A．By rewarding tourists for their green actions. B．By providing free public transport for tourists. C．By charging a heavy fine for tourists’ bad behavior. D．By limiting the number of tourists in popular attractions. 2．What is CopenPay intended for? A．Improving the city’s image. B．Promoting sustainable tourism. C．Increasing income from tourism. D．Enriching tourists’ travel experiences. 3．What can be inferred about CopenPay from Mikkel Aarø-Hansen? A．It only works for a small number of tourists. B．It pushes the development of global tourism. C．It is expected to spread green tourism initiatives. D．It has inspired many cities to follow its example. 4．What is Randy Durband’s attitude towards CopenPay? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Positive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哥本哈根正在尝试不同的方法，将旅游业从负面力量转变为积极力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tourism officials in Copenhagen introduced CopenPay, a new pilot project that will provide various gifts and benefits to travelers who engage in climate-friendly behaviors, such as taking public transport or volunteering in clean-up efforts.(哥本哈根的旅游官员介绍了CopenPay，这是一个新的试点项目，将为从事气候友好行为的旅行者提供各种礼物和福利，例如乘坐公共交通工具或自愿参与清理工作)”可知，哥本哈根为从事气候友好行为的旅行者提供各种礼物和福利，即哥本哈根通过奖励游客的绿色行动来应对过度旅游。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, says the initiative is not meant to increase tourism but merely promotes a better way to go about it. It aims to help transform tourism from “an environmental burden” into a “force for positive change.”(Wonderful Copenhagen首席执行官Mikkel Aarø-Hansen表示，该倡议的目的不是增加旅游业，而只是促进更好的旅游方式。它的目的是帮助旅游业从“环境负担”转变为“积极变革的力量”)”可知，CopenPay的目的是促进更好的旅游方式，促进可持续旅游业发展。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Mikkel views CopenPay as an experimental step to bridge the gap between the desire to act sustainably and actual behavior. “We hope that by showing the success of this and other initiatives, other cities around the globe will be inspired to find their way to encourage more sustainable tourism behavior, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for everyone.”(Mikkel将CopenPay视为弥合可持续行动愿望与实际行为之间差距的实验性步骤。“我们希望通过展示这一举措和其他举措的成功，全球其他城市将受到启发，找到鼓励更可持续旅游行为的方法，最终为每个人带来更可持续的未来。”)”可知，根据Mikkel Aarø-Hansen所说，这一举措和其他举措的成功能够使其他城市受到启发，找到更可持续旅游的方法，即CopenPay有望推广绿色旅游的举措。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, Randy Durband, chief executive of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, believes it “deserves some credit for not shaking a fist at bad behavior but trying to make it fun and have some rewards and benefits.”(尽管如此，全球可持续旅游理事会首席执行官Randy Durband认为，它“没有对不良行为挥拳相向，而是试图让它变得有趣，并获得一些奖励和好处，这值得称赞。”)”可知，Randy Durband表示哥本哈根的试点项目CopenPay获得了一些奖励和好处，这是值得称赞的，由此推知，Randy Durband对于CopenPay的态度是赞同的。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·内蒙古科左中旗·期中） Laptop computers (笔记本电脑) are popular all over the world. In the United States today, lap-tops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10,000,000 computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with lap- tops will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates and their families, without going to computer labs. They can use it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees — anywhere at all! Because of many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. At Westlake College, more than 60% of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow teachers to use computers in their lessons. As some Westlake teachers said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.” 5．What is the main purpose of the laptop computer program? A．To help people work at home. B．To connect students to libraries. C．To encourage students to surf the Internet. D．To allow students to do schoolwork anywhere. 6．Which of the following is true about Westlake College? A．Students must do their homework in computer labs. B．1,500 students of the college will receive laptops. C．All the staff of the college use computers. D．It is a new college in America. 7．What’s some teachers’ attitude towards the program? A．Doubtful. B．Worrying. C．Supportive. D．Uncaring. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．A Laptop Program in Westlake College B．Laptop Computers Make People Closer C．A Famous College in Virginia: Westlake D．Computer Technology Provides Resources 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了笔记本电脑在弗吉尼亚西湖学院的项目和用途。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere.(弗吉尼亚州的西湖学院将启动一个笔记本电脑项目，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做作业)”可知，弗吉尼亚的西湖学院将启动一项笔记本电脑计划，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做功课。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop.(五年内，该校1500名学生将每人获得一台笔记本电脑)”可知，在接下来的五年内，该学院的1500名学生都将获得一台笔记本电脑。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The laptops will allow teachers to use computers in their lessons. As some Westlake teachers said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”(这些笔记本电脑将允许教师在课堂上使用电脑。正如一些韦斯特莱克的老师所说，“我们在弗吉尼亚的中心，我们给学生一个了解世界的窗口。他们什么都能看到，什么都能做。”)”可知，教师们对这个项目持积极的态度，认为它给学生打开了世界的窗户，因此选项C正确：Supportive（支持的）。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Laptop computers (笔记本电脑) are popular all over the world. In the United States today, lap-tops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere.(笔记本电脑在世界各地都很流行。在今天的美国，笔记本电脑也将学生与教室连接起来。弗吉尼亚州的西湖学院将启动一个笔记本电脑项目，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做作业)”可知，本文主要介绍了弗吉尼亚的西湖学院将启动一项笔记本电脑计划，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做功课。所以选项A“A Laptop Program in Westlake College(西湖学院的笔记本电脑项目)”最符合文章标题。故选A。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁锦州·期中） According to a new research, flowers are listening. Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent. Also, flowers can remove the wind noise coming from the background. These capabilities can give plant advantages for their spreading pollen (花粉). The researchers showed that plants can rapidly respond to the sound of passing bees. Before the experiments, researchers made the assumption that plants can pick up the sound waves and that this might be part of the reason why many plants’ flowers are bowl-shaped, to better trap the sounds. Across several experiments involving more than 650 evening primrose flowers (月见草), nectar production was measured in response to silence, sound at three different frequency levels, and a recording of the buzzing noise made by bees. Sure enough, both the field recording of buzzing bees and the low-frequency sounds that closely matched the recording were enough to change the mix of the nectar in just three minutes. The silence and the high and mid frequency sounds had no effect. The team also tried the experiments with plants that had some flower removed. No change in nectar production was noted, indicating that it is indeed the flowers that have the job of the ears. The more sweet nectar comes out, the more will be the chances for pollen to be spread and also makes it more likely that the insects will return to flowers of the same species in the future. However, more work needs to be carried out on how the sounds are turned into a trigger (诱因) for sweeter nectar production. 5．How can plants attract bees according to the text? A．By producing more nectar. B．By increasing the sugar in their nectar. C．By spreading more pollen for the bees. D．By removing the wind noise coming from the background. 6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How researchers made the discovery. B．Why researchers did the experiments. C．What use can be made of the discovery. D．What the importance of the discovery is. 7．What can we learn from the text? A．High sound increases sugar in the nectar. B．Flowers have no effect on nectar production. C．More research is needed to fully understand the process. D．The wind noise makes it easier for plants to spread pollen. 8．Where is the text most likely from? A．A book review. B．A science fiction. C．A textbook. D．A newspaper. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了新研究发现植物能听到蜜蜂飞过的声音，并增加花蜜中的糖分来吸引蜜蜂，还阐述了相关实验过程以及仍需进一步研究的情况。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent.(研究人员发现，植物实际上能听到经过的蜜蜂的声音，并产生更甜的花蜜来吸引它们。研究小组发现，在感知到蜜蜂翅膀的声波后的几分钟内，植物花蜜中的糖浓度增加了20%)”可知，植物通过增加花蜜中的糖分来吸引蜜蜂。故选B项。 6．段落大意题。根据第三段“Before the experiments, researchers made the assumption that plants can pick up the sound waves and that this might be part of the reason why many plants’ flowers are bowl-shaped, to better trap the sounds. Across several experiments involving more than 650 evening primrose flowers (月见草), nectar production was measured in response to silence, sound at three different frequency levels, and a recording of the buzzing noise made by bees (在实验之前，研究人员假设植物能够接收声波，而许多植物的花呈碗状，这可能是为了更好地捕捉声音，这就是原因之一。在涉及650多朵月见草花的几项实验中，研究人员测量了花蜜的分泌量，以观察其对寂静环境、三种不同频率的声音以及蜜蜂嗡嗡声录音的反应)”以及“The team also tried the experiments with plants that had some flower removed. No change in nectar production was noted, indicating that it is indeed the flowers that have the job of the ears(研究小组还用去掉部分花朵的植物进行了实验。结果没有观察到花蜜分泌量的变化，这表明正是花朵起到了耳朵的作用)”可知，本段先是提到研究人员在实验前的假设，然后讲述了对650多株月见草进行实验，测量花蜜产量对不同声音的反应，包括沉默、三种不同频率水平的声音以及蜜蜂嗡嗡声的录音，还提到对摘除部分花朵的植物进行实验的情况。所以这一段主要是关于研究人员是如何发现植物能听到蜜蜂声音这一现象的，即本段主要是在讲述研究人员是如何做出这项发现的。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, more work needs to be carried out on how the sounds are turned into a trigger (诱因) for sweeter nectar production.(然而，关于声音如何成为生产更甜花蜜的诱因，还需要进行更多的研究)”可知，要完全理解这个过程还需要更多的研究。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent.(研究人员发现，植物实际上能听到经过的蜜蜂的声音，并产生更甜的花蜜来吸引它们。研究小组发现，在感知到蜜蜂翅膀的声波后的几分钟内，植物花蜜中的糖浓度增加了20%)”以及下文内容可知，文章介绍了一项研究发现，植物听到蜜蜂飞行的声音后，会增加花蜜中的糖分来吸引蜜蜂从而达到传播花粉的目的，文章详细阐述了研究的过程、发现以及还有待研究的方面；由此可知，这是科普类文章，结合选项可知，这篇文章最有可能出现在报纸上。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁黑龙江·期中） Bruce Springsteen is still going hard at 75. He played more than 100 shows in 2023 and 2024. How does he fuel himself through such a demanding routine? His diet resembles the OMAD diet (one meal a day), an extreme form of intermittent fasting (间歇性进食). While intermittent fasting typically restricts eating to specific time periods, the OMAD diet limits daily caloric intake into one hour. Dr. Apovian, an obesity (肥胖) specialist, states, “One meal a day is not a good idea.” While she supports intermittent fasting for her patients with obesity, she warns that the OMAD diet can lead to hunger and overeating. Mattson, a neuroscience professor, adds that those claiming to follow the OMAD diet are likely to eat more. Dr. Apovian advises eating only between sunrise and sunset, suggesting a protein-rich breakfast and meals with fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and recommends stopping eating by 6 or 7 p.m. Mattson follows a routine of eating from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. and believes the typical American diet — three meals one day, is at odds with human evolution, stating, “Our genes and cellular systems are adapted to function very well without enough food.” Intermittent fasting studies often have limitations, typically involving small groups and short durations, leading to mixed results. Dr. Mattson’s own research on intermittent fasting suggests that switching between eating and fasting might turn on cellular processes that could improve blood sugar regulation and make cells better able to deal with various forms of stress. Still, the science isn’t clear, and there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to how people eat. 9．What do the OMAD dieters probably do? A．Have dinners from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. B．Have meals in the morning and at noon. C．Have one meal within one hour one day. D．Have meals when they feel hungry. 10．What does the underlined phrase “at odds” probably mean? A．Different. B．The same. C．Strange. D．Irregular. 11．What is Dr. Apovian’s opinion in the passage? A．OMAD diet is beneficial for patients’ health. B．Intermittent fasting can help, but not OMAD． C．Skipping meals is a good strategy for everyone. D．One meal a day improves blood sugar regulation. 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Is it OK to Skip One Meal Once a Day? B．No More Than Three Meals Are Better? C．Is the OMAD Diet Effective for Weight Loss? D．Is Intermittent Fasting the Good Way to Stay Fit? 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间歇性禁食这种饮食方式的特点以及专家对此饮食方式的不同看法。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“His diet resembles the OMAD diet (one meal a day), an extreme form of intermittent fasting (间歇性进食). While intermittent fasting typically restricts eating to specific time periods, the OMAD diet limits daily caloric intake into one hour. (他的饮食类似于OMAD饮食（一天一餐），这是一种极端形式的间歇性禁食。间歇性禁食通常将饮食限制在特定的时间段，而OMAD饮食将每天的热量摄入限制在一小时内)”可知，OMAD节食者可能每天一小时内吃一顿饭。故选C。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“believes the typical American diet — three meals one day(典型的美国饮食——一天三餐)”以及后文“with human evolution”和“Our genes and cellular systems are adapted to function very well without enough food.(我们的基因和细胞系统适应了在没有足够食物的情况下也能很好地工作)”可知，后文提到我们的基因和细胞系统适应了在没有足够食物的情况下也能很好地工作，即典型的美国饮食——一天三餐——与人类的进化有差异。故划线词意思是“有差异的”。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“While she supports intermittent fasting for her patients with obesity, she warns that the OMAD diet can lead to hunger and overeating.(虽然她支持对肥胖患者进行间歇性禁食，但她警告说，OMAD饮食会导致饥饿和暴饮暴食)”可知，Apovian博士认为间歇性禁食有帮助，但OMAD则没有。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“Intermittent fasting studies often have limitations, typically involving small groups and short durations, leading to mixed results. Dr. Mattson’s own research on intermittent fasting suggests that switching between eating and fasting might turn on cellular processes that could improve blood sugar regulation and make cells better able to deal with various forms of stress. Still, the science isn’t clear, and there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to how people eat. (间歇性禁食研究通常有局限性，通常涉及小群体和短时间，导致结果好坏参半。马特森博士自己对间歇性禁食的研究表明，在进食和禁食之间切换可能会启动细胞过程，从而改善血糖调节，使细胞能够更好地应对各种形式的压力。然而，科学还不清楚，也没有一个放之四海而皆准的方法来解决人们的饮食问题)”可知，文章主要介绍了间歇性禁食这种饮食方式的特点以及专家对此饮食方式的不同看法。由此可知，D选项“间歇性禁食是保持健康的好方法吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·吉林长春·期中） Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity. While the term AI conjures up anxieties about killer robots or catastrophic levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper implications. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications. Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them — on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves. In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) prescription is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will. Recommendation engines, which are increasingly prevalent intermediaries in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to constrain choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. In one sense, this is helpful. After all, machines can survey a wider range of choices than any individual is likely to have the time or energy to do on their own. At the same time, though, this selection is optimizing for what people are likely to prefer based on what they’ve preferred in the past. We think there is some risk that people’s options will be constrained by their past in a new and unanticipated way. As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on more extensive data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become utterly predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant. Algorithms could soon — if they don’t already — have a better idea about which show you’d like to watch next and which job candidate you should hire than you do. One day, humans may even find a way for machines to make these decisions without some of the biases that humans typically display. But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures inhabiting the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us. 1．What do we learn about the deeper implications of AI? A．It is causing catastrophic levels of unemployment. B．It is doing physical harm to human operators. C．It is altering moral judgments. D．It is reshaping humanity. 2．What is the consequence of algorithmic prescription replacing human judgment? A．Managers no longer have the chance to decide which loan to approve. B．People are prevented from participating in making major decisions in the workplace. C．People lose the chance to cultivate the ability to make practical judgments. D．Managers do not need to take the trouble to determine who to hire or fire. 3．What may result from increasing application of recommendation engines in our consumption of culture? A．Consumers will actually enjoy better luck. B．Consumers will have much limited choice. C．It will be easier to decide on what to enjoy. D．Humans will develop tastes similar to machines’. 4．Why does the author say the creatures living in the more and more AI-mediated world will become increasingly unlike us? A．They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable. B．They will have lost the most significant human element of being intelligent. C．They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today. D．They will be deprived of what their predecessors were proud of about themselves. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁阜新·期中） “Shuan Q” is a meme(网络流行语)which can be used as a popular way to say “I’m speechless” with a matching emoji(表情包)at ached behind. No-one can deny the power of the Internet. Some believe it makes language weaker but some see a brighter side, believing it makes online communication easier between strangers. An elementary school teacher in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, says that the evolution of Internet slang is not all fun and carefree. From his daily observations, he believes the “geographic boundary” between Internet slang and formal language is disappearing. On many occasions, the composition she has received from pupil have been flooded with abbreviated slangs(网络梗). During last year’s Two Sessions, several representatives put forward proposals such as “regulating online language” and “banning vulgar(粗俗)words”, specifically to address this issue, expressing the need to reduce online language misuse and strengthen the protection of Chinese. However, many experts and scholars of linguistics and communication including Feng Zhiwei disagree. Feng, believes that Internet language is a natural product of the dynamic development of language, and it is not necessary to ban it. 5．What made the meme “Shuan Q” become popular? A．The power of internet B．The protection of Chinese C．Geographic boundary D．Strangers’s communication 6．What can we learn about internet slangs from paragraph 2 and 3? A．They are formal. B．They are funny and carefree. C．They are flooded among pupils. D．They were supported by all people. 7．What is Feng Zhiwei’s opinion about internet slangs? A．They are natural. B．They are misused. C．They should be banned. D．They are disappearing. 8．Which word best describe the authors attitude to internet slangs? A．Doubtful B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Favorable Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁阜新·期中） While English is getting more important in our schools, Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. But Chinese can be more difficult to learn. At least 16-year-old Piao Chenglong thinks so. “English is easier for me. Chinese characters (汉字) have too many strokes (笔画),” said Piao. “But I want to learn it. I want to study at Beijing University when I grow up.” Piao is from Korea. He came to China in 2008. In Korea, there are more than 300, 000 Chinese learners like Piao. Some Korean students begin to learn to write the language on their first day at school. To help students learn Chinese, Korea holds speaking competitions for high school students every year. Chinese isn’t just popular in Korea. People from all the world want to learn it. The Ministry of Education of China says that nearly 130 million people from 85 countries are learning Chinese. This number will be increasing to 800 million in the coming years. In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. Some American middle schools have Chinese classes. Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots (中国结). Some even try to write and draw in the Chinese way! People want to learn Chinese because China is becoming such an important country. Foreign countries want to understand China better to help them with business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. It has sent more than 200 Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Many more Confucius Institutes (孔子学院) will be set up in the world. These institutes will teach Chinese to foreign students. 9．Which of the following is the topic sentence for the text? A．Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. B．Chinese can be more difficult to learn. C．In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. D．Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots. 10．Where does Piao Chenglong come from? A．China. B．America. C．Korea. D．Spain. 11．According to the text, some American middle school students learn to do the following EXCEPT ________. A．making jiaozi B．writing and drawing in the Chinese way C．tying Chinese knots D．singing Chinese songs 12．Why do foreign people want to learn Chinese? A．Because Chinese is getting more important in their schools. B．Because Chinese characters have too many strokes. C．Because the number of people learning Chinese will be 800 million. D．Because China is becoming more and more important in the world. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中） Simply put, soul searching means the effort to find meaning and purpose in life. It is about uncovering the reason for our existence and filling our lives with purpose. Though not a medical or commonly used term in psychiatry(精神病学), soul searching represents a healthy form of self-reflection. From a psychological perspective, as explained by Natalie Rosado, the founder of Tampa Counseling Place, soul searching is a “deep introspective(内省的)process through which an individual tries to gain insight into their deep thoughts, emotions, values, and beliefs”. People who take soul searching might do so to face unresolved conflicts, gain a better understanding of their identity, and deepen their connection with themselves and others. It plays a vital role in personal growth. By questioning established patterns and looking for change, one creates room for improvement. Writing journals is a valuable way for soul searching. Writing about daily experiences, thoughts, and emotions can clarify one’s feelings and motivations, revealing patterns or conflicts that need attention. Additionally, writing journals is generally beneficial for mental health. A 2022 study showed that it reduced anxiety by 9%, PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)by 6%, and depression by 2%. We know that soul searching can be challenging at times. “Soul searching can be tough, and that’s completely normal and okay,” Rosado says. It’s valid to feel that things are hard and that you’re not making much progress. Many people also end up feeling confused. Rosado emphasizes the importance of being patient with oneself. “There is no changeless timeline for soul searching, and going at your own pace can help you move forward smoothly.” Rosado adds, “There are several ways to put soul searching into daily life, such as keeping a journal, taking long walks in nature, and undergoing treatment. It can also be a natural part of your routine,” Rosado suggests seeing this process as something natural rather than something forced, Being mindful of your values and true self naturally leads to personal growth. 1．What can we know about soul searching? A．It can be of different depths. B．It’s everywhere in our lives. C．It’s about firm progress. D．It’s a medical concept. 2．How do people improve themselves by soul searching? A．By dealing with difficulties. B．By building their identify. C．By questioning existent patterns. D．By interacting with others more. 3．Why is keeping a journal good for self-reflection? A．It develops a regular habit. B．It can clarify one’s feelings. C．It records essential issues. D．It lowers the level of excitement. 4．What can be learned from what Rosado says in the last paragraph? A．Soul searching may consume patience. B．Being close to nature is a part of lives. C．Personal growth requires correct values. D．There are ways to practice soul searching. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Lisa started climbing five years ago when a friend asked her to climb Mt. Rainier. The ability to experience part of the mountain that few people reach drew Lisa to continuing her climbing. By 2012 she and her husband had climbed the highest points in North America, South America and Europe. They had also volunteered for numerous projects with Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation (ASC). Their latest goal was Mt. Vinson in Antarctica to collect snow samples for ASC． It was difficult for Lisa’s family who had spent all their lives in Illinois to picture what would draw her to such a remote continent (大陆). Her primary motivation was to safely climb Mt. Vinson, but secondarily she wanted to share the experience with others who, like her father, couldn’t imagine what the coldest continent was like. As they gradually made their way up toward Mt. Vinson, Lisa’s body got used to the cold, dry air and a heavy pack. Her mind was filled with the vastness of this continent. How is it possible that so few people have seen it? How can it be kept so that others have the opportunity to responsibly do so? Part of her duty was to answer the last question. After she had collected the snow in a small plastic bottle, she labeled (贴标签) it and stored it for safe keeping. As she watched the snow inside, she thought about the story it would tell. What would researchers learn about this mountain? What had it endured during its lifetime? What would we, as servants of this earth, do with this information? She didn’t have the skills to answer these questions by herself, but knowing that she played a small part in allowing them to be answered was exciting, just as gratifying as reaching the top. 5．What pushed Lisa to continue her climbing? A．Her great ability to reach the mountain top. B．Her love of challenging herself. C．Her friend’s encouragement. D．Her desire to win. 6．What did Lisa’s family think about her climbing Mt. Vinson? A．It was inspiring. B．It was meaningful. C．It was entertaining. D．It was unbelievable. 7．What can we know about Lisa on her way up to Mt. Vinson? A．She could not bear her heavy package. B．She was not curious about people’s visiting. C．She was greatly impressed by the large continent. D．She felt nothing of the continent. 8．What does the underlined word “gratifying” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Simple. B．Pleasing. C．Practical. D．Difficult. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·黑龙江伊春·期中） I noticed two male bluebirds. They appeared to be helping a female with a group of newly-born birds. I wanted to know if one of the males was an invader (入侵者). This is the fun of bird watching — you never know when you’ll find something exciting and unusual. Like 90% of the bird world, one male bluebird pairs with only one female, and together they raise a family. But sometimes a third adult shows up and helps the pair raise the young. Often it is a relative. The most likely reasons a lone bluebird becomes a “helper bird” are that it either has lost its mate (配偶) or failed to get one during the mating season. Both the mated pair and the helper get some advantages when helping happens. Every time the helper brings food to the nest (巢), one of the parents is free to take care of its own needs for a few minutes. Helpers also protect the nest by driving away possible enemies. The helper’s gain is less direct but equally valuable. He or she (helpers can be male or female) learns how to be a parent. Though raising babies is natural, skilled parents usually are more successful. The Florida scrub jay is a kind of bird living in the U.S. state of Florida. Many pairs of Florida scrub jays “have” one to six helpers. Usually the helpers are older children, and they do their job very well. Nests with helpers have 50% more young than nests without helpers (about half the jays don’t use helpers). Helping in scrub jays seems related to a shortage of nesting habitats. Young jays must wait for older birds to die to get a nest. During the time, they help raise their younger brothers and sisters. 1．Why may a bluebird be a helper for other bird pairs? A．It has no mate of its own. B．It wants to be a parent itself. C．It wants to live in others’ nests. D．It is good at raising baby birds. 2．What advantage does a helper bird get from being a helper? A．Practicing building nests. B．Being an experienced parent. C．Having its own needs satisfied. D．Finding a mate as soon as possible. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Florida scrub jays are an endangered species. B．Some Florida scrub jays will die without a nest. C．Florida scrub jays need great help from humans. D．More young Florida scrub jays survive with helpers. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Bluebirds share nests. B．Animals are human-like. C．Helper birds feed and raise young of others. D．Bird watching brings people close to nature. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·吉林四平·期中） On Scotland’s west coast is the Firth of Clyde, a large home to thousands of porpoises(海豚) and one dolphin named Kylie. Kylie hasn’t been observed with other common dolphins in at least 14 years but she’s far from alone. On clear days in the Clyde, visitors to the marina can sometimes see Kylie swimming with porpoises, which are about two-thirds her size. New research suggests Kylie’s ties to porpoises are closer than scientists imagined. While a common dolphin’s vocal(发声的) ability should include a diverse range of clicks, whistles (口哨声)，and etc. , Kylie doesn’t whistle. Instead, she “talks” more like porpoises, which communicate using high bursts of clicks. “The study suggests that she may be communicating with the porpoises, or at least attempting to. It’s part of a growing body of work that shows a rich world of interactions(互动) between different species of dolphins, Clearly, species in the wild interact much more than we thought,” says dolphin behaviour expert Denise Herzing. To learn more about Kylie’s relationship with the porpoises, scientists borrowed a device (装置) to record sounds of Kylie and porpoises when they met each other from 2016 to 2018. “She’s definitely identified as a porpoise,” says Nairn, who trained as a sea biologist in college. Researchers also studied thousands of dolphins clicks from the recordings carefully. While dolphins whistle very often, porpoises never do. Instead, they communicate with what are called narrow-band, high-frequency (NBHF) clicks. To hear an NBHF click you have to play it about one hundred times slower. Ever since February 2021, Kylie has been missing. Nairn says he can’t help but worry. Nairn and his workmates say they’re eager to look for and listen to Kylie as soon as the spring field season begins-and see what else she might teach us. 5．In what way are porpoises different from dolphins? A．Porpoises are bigger in size. B．Porpoises never whistle. C．Porpoises like living in groups. D．Porpoises live in fresh waters. 6．How does Kylie communicate with the porpoises? A．By touching. B．By whispering. C．By nodding her head. D．By giving out clicks. 7．What was the device used for? A．Taking clear pictures of Kylie underwater. B．Learning more about Kylie’s habitat. C．Studying the clicks made by Kylie and the porpoises. D．Examining how sea creatures interact each other. 8．What is a good way to hear an NBHF click? A．Playing it underwater. B．Playing it repeatedly. C．Playing it in a quiet place. D．Playing it a lot more slowly. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁大连联考·期中） When stressed out, many of us turn to junk foods like deep-fried food for comfort. But a new research suggests this may be just the opposite. The study found that in animals, a high-fat diet upsets resident gut bacteria (肠道细菌), changes behavior and, through a complex pathway connecting the gut to the brain, influences brain chemicals in ways that add anxiety. “We all know that high-fat foods are not healthy foods, but we tend to think about them strictly in terms of a little weight gain,” said lead author Christopher Lowry. “If we understand that they also impact our brains in a way that can raise anxiety, that makes the risk even higher.” To better fathom what may be driving the fat-anxiety connection, Lowry’s team divided mice into two groups: Half got a standard diet of about 11% fat for nine weeks; the others received a high-fat diet, with 45% fat mostly from animal products. When compared to the control group, the group eating a high-fat diet, not surprisingly, gained weight. But the animals also showed significantly less diversity of gut bacteria. Generally speaking, more bacterial diversity is associated with better health, Lowry explained. The high-fat diet group also showed higher expression of three genes (基因) (tph2, htmla and slc6a4) involved in production and signaling of the brain chemical called serotonin — particularly in a region of the central part of the brain known as the dorsal raphe nucleus cDRD, which is associated with stress and anxiety. While serotonin is often considered as a “feel-good brain chemical”, Lowry notes that certain groups of serotonin neurons (神经元) can, when activated, touch off anxiety-like responses in animals. Especially, heightened expression of tph2 in the cDRD has been associated with mood disorders in humans. “To think that just a high-fat diet could change expression of these genes in the brain is extraordinary,” said Lowry. “The high-fat group essentially had a high anxiety state in their brains.” However, Lowry stresses that not all fats are bad, and that healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts and seeds can be good for brains. 1．What does the new research show? A．Brain chemicals cause anxiety. B．High-fat foods bring bad moods. C．Junk foods can make people happy. D．Gut bacteria benefit brain health. 2．What does the underlined word “fathom” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Assign. B．Understand. C．Stimulate. D．Inform. 3．How were the mice eating a high- fat diet by contrast with the control group? A．They looked more anxious. B．They lost much more weight. C．They suffered mood disorders. D．They lacked gut bacteria variety. 4．What’s Lowry’s attitude towards fat? A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁丹东·期中） We often get into arguments with others and probably think we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. According to a recent psychology study, people tend to assume they have all of the information that they need to make decisions - even if they don’t. This is called the Illusion of Information Adequacy, as described in a PLOS ONE journal article on October 9th. In the study, researchers from Ohio State, Stanford, surveyed 1,261 Americans online. Group One read an article that only gave reasons why the school should cooperate with another that has better water. Group Two read an article that only gave reasons for the schools staying separate and hoping for other solutions to the problem. Group Three was the control group that read all of the reasons from the above articles. They found that the majority from Group One and Group Two still believed that they had enough information to make a good decision about what to do. Most said that they would follow the advice in the article they read. Those from Group One were significantly more likely to recommend the schools cooperate, while readers from Group Two were significantly more likely to recommend that the schools remain separate. About 55 percent of the control group recommend the schools cooperate. The participants who had half the information also said that they thought most people would make the same decision they did. The team calls this belief that we are correct - even when we don’t have all of the information - the Illusion of Information Adequacy. Fletcher describes it as “The less that our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs to know, which leads to overconfident decisions and judgments, when we are missing necessary information.” In a follow-up study with 100 readers from Group One and Group Two, the research tried to know what the participants did after hearing both sides. At first, they shared arguments and reasoned together. Eventually, these arguments and reasoning resulted in them saying “That sounds right.” According to Fletcher, one of the best ways to fight the Illusion of Information Adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to pause and ask, “Is there something I’m overlooking that could help me understand their viewpoint better?” This can help reduce interpersonal conflict. 5．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The content of the article. B．The design of the survey. C．The cause of the research. D．The reactions of participants. 6．What does the Illusion of Information Adequacy lead to? A．Making decisions quickly. B．Feeling much too confident. C．Knowing enough information. D．Always agreeing with others. 7．What did the follow-up study focus on? A．The research result. B．The number of participants. C．The size of the groups. D．The process of changing minds. 8．What does Fletcher suggest to reduce conflict? A．Agreeing with others’ ideas. B．Focusing on new information. C．Ignoring deeply-held beliefs. D．Stopping to consider other views. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） This summer, Europe’s most popular attractions are fighting back against overtourism (过度旅游). As many destinations move to restrict, fine and protest tourists for bad behavior, Copenhagen is trying a different approach to turning tourism from a negative force to a positive one. Tourism officials in Copenhagen introduced CopenPay, a new pilot project that will provide various gifts and benefits to travelers who engage in climate-friendly behaviors, such as taking public transport or volunteering in clean-up efforts. These include free coffee and free museum tours. Green actions have become a currency for enjoying Copenhagen’s free food and cultural experiences. Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, says the initiative is not meant to increase tourism but merely promotes a better way to go about it. It aims to help transform tourism from “an environmental burden” into a “force for positive change.” He adds, “An important step in this transformation is to change how we move around on the destination, what we consume, and how we interact with the locals.” According to a 2023 sustainable report from a London-based market research group, 81% of consumers say they want to act more sustainably, but only 22% have changed their behavior. Mikkel views CopenPay as an experimental step to bridge the gap between the desire to act sustainably and actual behavior. “We hope that by showing the success of this and other initiatives, other cities around the globe will be inspired to find their way to encourage more sustainable tourism behavior, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future for everyone.” Will Copenhagen’s strategy work? Only time will tell. Still, Randy Durband, chief executive of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, believes it “deserves some credit for not shaking a fist at bad behavior but trying to make it fun and have some rewards and benefits.” 1．How does Copenhagen cope with overtourism? A．By rewarding tourists for their green actions. B．By providing free public transport for tourists. C．By charging a heavy fine for tourists’ bad behavior. D．By limiting the number of tourists in popular attractions. 2．What is CopenPay intended for? A．Improving the city’s image. B．Promoting sustainable tourism. C．Increasing income from tourism. D．Enriching tourists’ travel experiences. 3．What can be inferred about CopenPay from Mikkel Aarø-Hansen? A．It only works for a small number of tourists. B．It pushes the development of global tourism. C．It is expected to spread green tourism initiatives. D．It has inspired many cities to follow its example. 4．What is Randy Durband’s attitude towards CopenPay? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Positive. Passage 2 （24-25高二上·内蒙古科左中旗·期中） Laptop computers (笔记本电脑) are popular all over the world. In the United States today, lap-tops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10,000,000 computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with lap- tops will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates and their families, without going to computer labs. They can use it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees — anywhere at all! Because of many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. At Westlake College, more than 60% of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow teachers to use computers in their lessons. As some Westlake teachers said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.” 5．What is the main purpose of the laptop computer program? A．To help people work at home. B．To connect students to libraries. C．To encourage students to surf the Internet. D．To allow students to do schoolwork anywhere. 6．Which of the following is true about Westlake College? A．Students must do their homework in computer labs. B．1,500 students of the college will receive laptops. C．All the staff of the college use computers. D．It is a new college in America. 7．What’s some teachers’ attitude towards the program? A．Doubtful. B．Worrying. C．Supportive. D．Uncaring. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．A Laptop Program in Westlake College B．Laptop Computers Make People Closer C．A Famous College in Virginia: Westlake D．Computer Technology Provides Resources 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高二上·辽宁联考·期中） Forests are not just the lungs of the Planet: They have huge potential (潜力) if managed sustainably, to become a major source of welfare, income and renewable products. However, a major change in thinking is needed so that this potential — worth trillions of USD in net benefits globally — is made full use of. In other words, we need to change the way that people think about wood. Wood is renewable, recyclable, climate friendly and incredibly multi - functional. It is one of humanity’s most ancient raw materials. Thanks to innovations in wood - based product development, it even can replace fossil (化石) and mineral- based building materials with heavier carbon footprints. Recently, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) warned that there is now a  50 chance of average global temperature reaching 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre - industrial levels in the next five years. A huge effort is needed to change the way we live, and wood is part of the solution. Wood can play a key role in replacing single - use plastics, from drinking straws to food packaging, as part of the global movement to end plastic pollution. Equally, wood can offer realistic alternatives (替代品) to steel, concrete and textile fibers that are kinder to the Planet. Earlier this year, the XV World Forestry Congress — the world’s largest ever gathering on forests — urged people to make full use of the potential of legal, sustainably produced wood to transform the building industry and provide renewable energy and innovative new materials. In addition, representatives from several countries issued a call to stress efforts to use sustainable wood within the wider range of ongoing work to protect forests and restore degraded land. So what needs to happen to make this a reality? First, communicate the benefits of wood more effectively and improve public understanding of how sustainable forest management works. Secondly, we need to move faster towards economies that replace carbon- intensive materials with wood - based products where possible. As the buildings and construction industry currently emits almost 40 percent of energy- related global greenhouse gas emissions, switching to innovative wood- based building materials instead of concrete and steel could make a major difference to creating a sustainable environment. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The future of wood- based products. B．The introduction to a new raw material. C．The significant benefits provided by wood. D．The essential part wood plays in construction industry. 2．What is the current concern highlighted by the WMO? A．The decline in forest coverage. B．The consumption of fossil fuels. C．The warning in plastic pollution. D．The increase in the global temperature. 3．What was the call from the XV World Forestry Congress? A．Restoring degraded forests. B．Advertising the wooden products widely. C．Banning people from using plastic materials. D．Encouraging the use of wood in some fields. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Wood Has Many Uses in Everyday Life B．Wood Influences Every Aspect of Building C．Wood Helps Shape a More Sustainable Planet D．Wood Promises to Be More Innovative Material Passage 2 （24-25高二上·辽宁锦州·期中） According to a new research, flowers are listening. Researchers found that plants can actually hear the sound of passing bees and produce sweeter nectar (花蜜) to attract them. The team discovered that within minutes of sensing the sound waves of bee wings, the concentration of the sugar in the plant’s nectar was increased by 20 percent. Also, flowers can remove the wind noise coming from the background. These capabilities can give plant advantages for their spreading pollen (花粉). The researchers showed that plants can rapidly respond to the sound of passing bees. Before the experiments, researchers made the assumption that plants can pick up the sound waves and that this might be part of the reason why many plants’ flowers are bowl-shaped, to better trap the sounds. Across several experiments involving more than 650 evening primrose flowers (月见草), nectar production was measured in response to silence, sound at three different frequency levels, and a recording of the buzzing noise made by bees. Sure enough, both the field recording of buzzing bees and the low-frequency sounds that closely matched the recording were enough to change the mix of the nectar in just three minutes. The silence and the high and mid frequency sounds had no effect. The team also tried the experiments with plants that had some flower removed. No change in nectar production was noted, indicating that it is indeed the flowers that have the job of the ears. The more sweet nectar comes out, the more will be the chances for pollen to be spread and also makes it more likely that the insects will return to flowers of the same species in the future. However, more work needs to be carried out on how the sounds are turned into a trigger (诱因) for sweeter nectar production. 5．How can plants attract bees according to the text? A．By producing more nectar. B．By increasing the sugar in their nectar. C．By spreading more pollen for the bees. D．By removing the wind noise coming from the background. 6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How researchers made the discovery. B．Why researchers did the experiments. C．What use can be made of the discovery. D．What the importance of the discovery is. 7．What can we learn from the text? A．High sound increases sugar in the nectar. B．Flowers have no effect on nectar production. C．More research is needed to fully understand the process. D．The wind noise makes it easier for plants to spread pollen. 8．Where is the text most likely from? A．A book review. B．A science fiction. C．A textbook. D．A newspaper. Passage 3 （24-25高二上·辽宁黑龙江·期中） Bruce Springsteen is still going hard at 75. He played more than 100 shows in 2023 and 2024. How does he fuel himself through such a demanding routine? His diet resembles the OMAD diet (one meal a day), an extreme form of intermittent fasting (间歇性进食). While intermittent fasting typically restricts eating to specific time periods, the OMAD diet limits daily caloric intake into one hour. Dr. Apovian, an obesity (肥胖) specialist, states, “One meal a day is not a good idea.” While she supports intermittent fasting for her patients with obesity, she warns that the OMAD diet can lead to hunger and overeating. Mattson, a neuroscience professor, adds that those claiming to follow the OMAD diet are likely to eat more. Dr. Apovian advises eating only between sunrise and sunset, suggesting a protein-rich breakfast and meals with fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and recommends stopping eating by 6 or 7 p.m. Mattson follows a routine of eating from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. and believes the typical American diet — three meals one day, is at odds with human evolution, stating, “Our genes and cellular systems are adapted to function very well without enough food.” Intermittent fasting studies often have limitations, typically involving small groups and short durations, leading to mixed results. Dr. Mattson’s own research on intermittent fasting suggests that switching between eating and fasting might turn on cellular processes that could improve blood sugar regulation and make cells better able to deal with various forms of stress. Still, the science isn’t clear, and there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to how people eat. 9．What do the OMAD dieters probably do? A．Have dinners from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. B．Have meals in the morning and at noon. C．Have one meal within one hour one day. D．Have meals when they feel hungry. 10．What does the underlined phrase “at odds” probably mean? A．Different. B．The same. C．Strange. D．Irregular. 11．What is Dr. Apovian’s opinion in the passage? A．OMAD diet is beneficial for patients’ health. B．Intermittent fasting can help, but not OMAD． C．Skipping meals is a good strategy for everyone. D．One meal a day improves blood sugar regulation. 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Is it OK to Skip One Meal Once a Day? B．No More Than Three Meals Are Better? C．Is the OMAD Diet Effective for Weight Loss? D．Is Intermittent Fasting the Good Way to Stay Fit? / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $