专题03 阅读理解 议论文（期中真题分类汇编，山东专用）高二英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·菏泽一中·期中） How does social media affect our life today? A lot of people believe that social media is just torture for kids and young adults, which in a way it is. It doesn’t allow them to be 100% themselves and it can cause them to overthink and become more anxious and less confident. Social media has caused people to rethink everything they do online from liking or posting a photo to sharing a post in case someone thinks that what they support or enjoy is meaningless. Do you know that selfies (自拍) are one of the most frequent causes of death of the modern generation? In 2015, it was reported that a 21-year-old girl fell down a mountain just for selfies. There is a lot of such news every day, and that statistic is increasing every day. With this generation, very few of them are speaking to each other directly because of communication on social media like messages. This can cause social anxiety for many people; they slowly lose their skills of how to speak to others face to face. I know it first-hand and it was difficult to tell myself that I needed to cut down on screen time and even harder to listen and do it. At the same time, there are a lot of positives on social media. Social media is a great way to connect with people who live far away, which has really helped people come together and feel less lonely if they live alone. You can express yourself by sharing your favorite songs or posting pictures of your new outfit. It’s much harder to feel embarrassed online than in person, so it’s easier for people to express their feelings on social media. Social media is also great for raising awareness about things like charities. It is a powerful tool for people to share their stories, reaching new audiences around the world. The list of movements is getting longer and longer every day as more and more people use social media to raise awareness and promote the movements. In conclusion, social media has its advantages and disadvantages like everything else does. It’s all about how we use it. 1．What does the underlined word “torture” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Mental suffering. B．Something relaxing. C．Physical damage. D．Something unexpected. 2．Why does the author mention the 21-year-old girl? A．To offer a suggestion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To make a comparison. D．To provide an example. 3．From the text, we learn the author ________. A．once fought with his/ her best friends B．used to be addicted to the Internet C．was injured for taking photos before D．used to participate in charity activities 4．What are paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The meaning of charity. B．The importance of writing stories. C．The advantages of social media. D．The necessity of reaching audiences. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东德州·期中） In our daily schedules and busy lives, there are moments when we tend to think about where we are heading in life. Can we say that we are living a successful life, or even heading toward one? How to achieve success in life actually depends on what success means to you. Most people think of success as getting a highly-paid job. But what they are forgetting is that a job is just a means to make your life easier. What is the point of earning a lot of money if you don’t get the time for people who are most important to you in life? After all, you are earning for them and yourself only, right? In addition, it is very difficult to keep a balance for those who are always looking for more and are never happy with themselves currently. It becomes, therefore, necessary to be thankful for all that you have achieved in life and be proud of yourself. Another key is to not only be confident but also respect what others say. A person who respects his elders and values their advice always becomes more successful in life compared to those with overconfidence. Most of us tend to focus on things that we don’t have. For example, you might be sad that you aren’t the manager of your company. However, you don’t understand the fact that there may be thousands of people who are dying to be in the place where you are right now. At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine. Obviously, life is to move forward. But then in the end, it is the experience you get from the journey of life that matters, not the destination you are heading toward. Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life. So what are you doing now to live a successful life? 1．What does the author think of work and life? A．Work is as necessary as life. B．Earn to live and don’t live to earn. C．A highly-paid job means a successful life. D．It’s hard to keep a balance between work and life. 2．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A．The importance of keeping moving forward. B．The importance of making use of what you own. C．The importance of having confidence in yourself. D．The importance of being grateful for what you have. 3．What does the author suggest at the end of the text? A．Being proud of yourself. B．Living in the present happily. C．Being different from others in life. D．Determining the destination of your life. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give us some tips on being successful in life. B．To warn us not to just think about making money. C．To encourage us to be confident about the future life. D．To show us different views of different people on success. 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·牟平一中·期中） As AI art generators (生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 1．What does the underlined word "flaws" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Benefits. B．Advances. C．Weaknesses. D．Standards. 2．How is AI art different from human art? A．It is the product of experience. B．It costs less money to produce. C．It combines different styles of work. D．It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. 3．Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in the third paragraph? A．To prove the popularity of classic artworks. B．To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. C．To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D．To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. 4．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B．AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. C．Artists can create more works with the help of AI. D．There will be fierce competition in the art industry. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东日照·期中） Lately, one of the hot-button topics in the art world is artificial intelligence (AI). Some people see AI as a means for democratizing creativity. It allows individuals of any skill level to produce stunning pieces quickly and without the expense of some more traditional art. This enables more people to generate work who would otherwise be limited by financial challenges. AI is also proving beneficial for the business side of the art world. Because it can be created at a lower price than traditional art, those who couldn’t afford to buy art now have more options. Due to its access to data from countless sources, Al can assist in authenticating (鉴定) artworks by analyzing different stylistic elements. Collectors and investors can assess the value of artwork using AI, and the list goes on. But it’s not all roses. Some worry that AI lacks the emotional depth that human-created art offers. Plus, as AI learns from user inputs and copies artistic styles, determining the rightful owner of AI-generated content has become increasingly problematic. It relies primarily on algorithms (算法) and pre-existing artworks, so there isn’t much creative input. There is also the concern of artists losing work and profits to AI. Because AI drives prices down for art collectors, artists are concerned that making a living as an artist will become completely impossible. All of these above points ultimately bring us to the big question: Is AI art really art? Like every industry, the art world needs to embrace technological advancements or it will get left behind. While some think of art from AI as a valid form of creativity, others feel that AI can’t truly be classified as art because it lacks the element of human creativity. It’s true that the line between art created by AI and human art is getting less distinct. But from where most artists stand, the fact that non-AI art will always require human touch and thought process points to the fact that it can never be completely replaced by AI. 1．What is a benefit of AI for the art world according to paragraphs 1&2? A．Increasing the value of artworks. B．Encouraging people to appreciate art. C．Making art accessible to more people. D．Helping train more professional artists. 2．What does the underlined saying “it’s not all roses” in paragraph 3 mean? A．There are no easy answers. B．It is a rather unpleasant topic. C．There are also negative aspects. D．It is a black-and-white issue. 3．Who would most likely oppose AI involvement in art? A．Users who provide lots of data for AI. B．Experts who determine the owners of AI art. C．Enthusiasts who appreciate different art forms. D．Artists whose works are used as AI resources. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI art will not take over human creativity. B．AI art is a technology without any limitations. C．The future of art relies heavily on AI technology. D．AI art is equally as valuable as human-created art. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东济宁邹城·期中） A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them. Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem. Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with  illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine. People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand. In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. So, real science is a collective, imperfect and may-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the article? A．By describing a scientific research process. B．By telling a scientist’s personal experience. C．By giving an example of scientific failure. D．By presenting a common misconception. 2．What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about? A．The challenges faced by scientists. B．The history of scientific research. C．The methods scientists use to share results. D．The various focuses of scientists in their research. 3．What is the author’s view on healthy disagreements in science? A．They are essential for scientific progress. B．They create confusion and delay conclusions. C．They indicate problems in scientific methods. D．They often lead to the rejection of old theories. 4．Why does the author mention Jean Baptiste Perrin’s experiments and the subsequent debate ? A．To show science is a collection of facts. B．To prove scientific knowledge is always absolute. C．To illustrate science is a dynamic and evolving process. D．To show scientific conclusion can be reached after discussion. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·山东省实验·期中） Shortly after ChatGPT was released, in early 2023, a writer named Jason Colavito posted on social media that a computer was replacing him with AI, because it could write content for free. But he is also wanted — at a small amount of his normal rate — to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text. This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI. The problem is a culture that devalues human labor. With the release of new AI applications, discussions about the future of work are back in full force. A recent study looked at professions in the United States, from poets to financial managers, predicting the 19 percent will soon lose 50 percent of their tasks to AI. But our precious experience with suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work. In 2019, an independent research organization Data & Society studied how automation is being integrated in farm management and grocery stores. Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work. For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store. Most importantly, Mateescu and Elish discovered that the new tasks, which helped accommodate and employ the ‘automated’ technology, were often undervalued or even invisible. The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t because the robots are coming for us. It’s a cultural problem. As jobs get disrupted (扰乱) and people’s livelihoods are threatened, it’s easy to point fingers at technology as the unavoidable reason, whether you’re an expert or an employer. But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers be mistreated. It’s a big thing to change, but it’s not set in stone. And that’s the real ‘robots and jobs’ conversation we need to be having. 42．Which word has the closet meaning with the underlined word “slashed” in Paragraph 1? A．Created. B．Reduced. C．Improved. D．Removed. 43．What can be inferred from Mateescu and Elish’s findings? A．Humans are still needed to deal with AI-generated problems. B．Humans cannot understand the real value of their own jobs. C．New advanced devices are being integrated in various jobs. D．Automated technology is taking away almost all jobs. 44．Why do people devalue labor? A．Cultural factors. B．Technological advances. C．Living pressure. D．Unemployment issues. 45．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Wanted Conversation: Humans or Robots B．Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs C．A Promising Future: Humans and Robots D．Work Gets Deskilled by Robots 主题03 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东东营·期中） Meat is crucial for feeding the planet, leading scientists have said, as they wanted it is not more environmentally friendly to go vegan (素食). Prof. Geoff Simm, Director of Global Academy Agriculture and Food Security at the University of Edinburgh, said, “I think livestock (家畜) farmers do feel they are being demonized (妖魔化).” Often the argument is made that going vegan would minimize land use, but the modelling studies demonstrate that’s not the case. We feel that while livestock production has a range of economic, social and environmental costs, the costs have perhaps been receiving far more attention recently than some of the benefits. Meat has massive social benefits. It’s an important source of dietary protein, energy, highly bio-available micronutrient. Even small amounts of animal-sourced food have a really important effect on the cognitive and physical development of children. Prof. Mike Coffey, from Scotland’s Rural College, added, “It’s completely unnecessary to go vegan. If everybody went vegan, it would be devastating for the UK environment. Animals bred for food help boost biodiversity.” Researchers are currently attempting to breed more environmentally friendly cattle growing faster and eating less, which could further reduce the sector’s carbon footprint by reducing the amount of methane (甲烷) released by cows. Prof. Coffey said the next stage will be trying to measure the methane given off by different breeds of cattle to find which are the lowest emitters. Soon shoppers could be able to check meat labels to find out how much environmental impact their food has had. He added, “My expectation is that at some point in the near future there will be product labels that relates to the efficiency or carbon impact of the food.” Professor Andrea Wilson, also of Edinburgh University, said more research was needed into the impact of veganism (绝对素食主义). She added, “We know a lot about the livestock sector because people have looked at it. We actually know very little about the vegan sector. The danger is we demonize one and jump too quickly to the other.” 1．Why are livestock farmers being demonized? A．Because livestock production has huge costs. B．Because livestock meat contains harmful protein. C．Because livestock need more land and emit polluting gases. D．Because livestock meat negatively affect children’s development. 2．What’s the writer’s purpose of mentioning labeling different breeds of cow? A．To state a fact. B．To make a prediction. C．To present a solution. D．To explain a phenomenon. 3．What does the underlined word “devastating” mean in paragraph3? A．Protective. B．Important. C．Contradictory. D．Disastrous. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Going vegan is not greener B．Consuming meat is harmful C．Raising cows is environmentally friendly D．Criticizing livestock farmers is not wise Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东济宁·期中） How important are the first three episodes (集) to a show? The first three episodes of a drama are crucial for keeping viewers engaged. Tencent Video data suggests that almost 40% of viewers abandon a show within the first three episodes, with 35% of those abandoning it within the first seven minutes of the first episode. But now, the old rules of judging a show by its first few episodes are fading. The audience has developed from the double-speed watching at the beginning to the commentary- style (弹幕式) watching, and then to the fragmented (碎片化) watching that is appearing now. The audience’s speed of watching shows has been speeding up. When the audience is more and more casual in watching shows, we can’t help but ask, is it because shows nowadays are bad? Or is it because the audience is impatient? For young people who are active on social media, they have many choices. When a new show comes out, they will not watch the first three episodes, but go to Weibo, Douban and other social media platforms to watch short video clips. When a show can’t get popular in the first week, it basically fails. The poet Coleridge said “Water, water everywhere, but not a drop to drink.” This explains the value of short videos: in the crowded field of information, you can’t get any useful knowledge. Watching shows by short videos is different from watching movies or reading novels. While we are surrounded by short videos, finding real knowledge is a struggle. Short videos offer instant satisfaction but lack depth, finally destroying the artistic value of film and television. This constant stream of fragmented information can make us lazy thinkers. Nowadays, people don’t have the patience to watch a movie, a famous book, or an in-depth article. Neil Postman’s warning that we’re becoming “amused to death” is proving true. 1．What does the data from Tencent Video suggest? A．Viewers’ expectation for shows. B．Viewers’ impatience with shows. C．Viewers’ opinions on making shows. D．Viewers’ reasons for abandoning shows. 2．Why have the audience changed their habits of watching shows? A．The shows have become longer today. B．The quality of shows has decreased greatly. C．Audience may not like watching shows as before. D．Social media provides many choices of short videos. 3．What is the influence of watching shows by short videos? A．It will reduce viewers’ confusion. B．It will narrow viewers’ horizon. C．It will weaken viewers’ thinking abilities. D．It will provide viewers useful knowledge. 4．How does the author feel about the change in watching shows? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Uncertain. D．Satisfied. 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东烟台·期中） “Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer (预告片) for this summer’s Man of Steel. Perhaps we love origin stories, Markovitz suggested, because they “show the exact moment when a normal guy goes from being just like us to being somehow better, faster, stronger.” I tend to disagree. I think origin stories show us not how to become super but how to be heroes, choosing other people’s needs over the pursuit of one’s own wealth and power. I’ve learned this through hundreds of conversations at comic book meetings, where fans have been remarkably honest about their lives and the inspiration they draw from superhero stories. I’ve found that superheroes go through three types of life-changing experiences that we can relate to. The first is trauma (创伤), which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne commits himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents killed. In real life, many people experience “stress-caused growth” after a trauma and determine to help others. The second life-changing force is destiny (命运). Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—born with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is unwilling to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job. Lastly, there’s pure chance, which transformed a young Spider-Man, who was using his power for selfish (自私的) purposes until his beloved uncle was killed by a street thug. Spider-Man’s heroism is an example of how random negative events cause many of us to reflect on our lives and choose a different path. At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with difficulties, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose. (Wearing a cape or tights is not a must. ) 1．How did Adam Markovitz feel about every superhero movie being an origin story? A．Surprised. B．Disappointed. C．Fascinated. D．Inspired. 2．What experience led Bruce Wayne to become a hero? A．Suffering from great stress. B．Fighting crime with great devotion. C．Relating to Batman’s origin story. D．Witnessing his parents being killed. 3．What did Buffy do after she found her destiny? A．She couldn’t wait to accept her role. B．She used her power for selfish purposes. C．She refused to take on the responsibility. D．She committed herself to her role eventually. 4．According to the author, why do people love origin stories? A．Because they inspire us to put others before ourselves. B．Because they lie at the heart of every superhero movie. C．Because they explore the impact of negative events on life. D．Because they show how ordinary people become extraordinary. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东淄博·期中） To appreciate that some questions are better than others, it helps to consider a few examples of questions that are bad. To find them, try playing Twenty Questions with a young child. In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal. In the simplified world of Twenty Questions, it’s relatively easy to evaluate what makes a question good or bad. Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair. For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions. An article for business people, for example, suggests that in asking questions, it’s important to figure out whether you’ re hoping to confirm what you think you know or to discover something new. But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still. What, for example, is a good question for basic science? What kind of question promotes self-discovery or insight? And how can we learn to ask better questions in cases like these? Scientist David Stork suggests that just as we teach problem solving, we should teach “question posing” — the art of asking good questions, the questions that lead to further insight and discovery. Asking big, bold, exploratory questions isn’t always rewarded in adulthood. From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem. A first step towards asking better questions, then, might be to recognize the intellectual contribution of a question well raised, not just a question well answered. And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals. 1．Why are a young child’s questions about animals considered “bad”? A．They don’t contribute to working out the answer. B．They are not motivated by curiosity. C．They are based on guesses rather than practical goals. D．They are simple to answer. 2．What may be a suggested way for people to ask questions? A．Pay more attention to the answers. B．Raise as complex questions as possible. C．Figure out the objectives clearly. D．Consider more potential applications. 3．Which does the underlined word “murkier” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．more available. B．more understandable. C．more unreliable. D．more confusing. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the change of the way children ask questions? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·德州一中·期中） As my husband and I drove down a country road, we passed a fire station with a sign that read, “Are you ready for the next storm?” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed tree and outages. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world. We have had our share of storms in the past — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days in a cold house weren’t fun, but we learned much from those early storms, things that made later storms easier to bear. Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery-operated radio to keep with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t encountered a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big storms — the big trials — that will come our way. They can teach us some valuable lessons. Are you ready for the next storm? Now is the time to get ready... not when the storm arrives. 1．Which can replace the underlined word “outages” in Paragraph 1? A．Weather change B．Power failure C．Virus spreading D．Emotional reaction 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The lessons that storms can teach us. B．The importance of being ready for storms. C．The preparations the author made for the next storm. D．The necessities the author bought for her daily life. 3．What does the author think of experiencing the past storms? A．It was thrilling. B．It was annoying. C．It was rewarding. D．It was frightening. 4．What can we learn from the author’s story? A．Stay optımistic during the storms. B．Keep something for a rainy day. C．Don’t stop regardless of the weather. D．Sunshine always comes after the storm. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东济南·期中） Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration (沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short term, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 1．What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A．The advertising cost. B．The improved service. C．The familiarity principle. D．The principle of the market. 2．We can learn from paragraph 2 that . A．Our preferences affect our decisions B．Familiarity tends to generate disrespect C．The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword D．There can be a mismatch between desires and actions 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Reserved. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B．Spare a Thought for Your Preference C．Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D．Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·山东潍坊·期中） A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know if she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose. Her father, a cook, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word. The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her, he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee,” she replied. He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled, as she tasted its rich aroma. “What does it mean, father?” she humbly asked. He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water. “Which are you?” he asked his daughter. 1．Why did the daughter complain to her father? A．Because she found life was extremely cruel to her. B．Because she found that she was at a loss in her life. C．Because she was tired of fighting and struggling with others. D．Because she doubted if she’d make it to addressing the boredom in life. 2．What did the father take his daughter to the kitchen for? A．To boil three things for her. B．To explain to her what life is. C．To give her some inspiration. D．To carry out an experiment with her. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．The father seemed to be in favor of the egg most. B．The carrot was likely to be the daughter’s favourite. C．The three things all stood the test of the boiling water. D．The ground coffee beans chose to affect their surroundings. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A vivid lesson B．A best choice C．A tough challenge D．A rough ride Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven- knows- what motives, he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote 《堂吉诃德》. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before? We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence — whether they are driving a truck, or running a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson. 1．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ______. A．age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal B．loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D．disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success 2．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．End one’s struggle for liberty. B．Waste one’s energy taking risks. C．Lose the interest to continue learning. D．Miss the opportunity to succeed. 3．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. B．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. C．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. D．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. B．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. C．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. D．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. Passage 6 （23-24学年高二上·山东潍坊·期中） When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东青岛·期中） The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12,000 years. But does it have a future? By 2050, London’s weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. Around the world, millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move. We do not tend to think of trees as migratory: they are slow-growing and rooted to the ground. Faced with this problem, the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number proposing a radical, controversial solution: we help the trees on their march. Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilo-metres north, within the country and from abroad. Others say entire ecosystems should be trans-located, moving multiple species at once. The “assisted migration” is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration, expanding and connecting existing woodlands. But others say those arguments fail to deal with speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis. “Earlier in my career the narrative was all about restoring past baselines, and then, as I got more independent in my research, I realised that’s impossible. We are changing the climate so much, so we have to be a little more inventive. When we have examples of assisted migration, it’s often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options,” said Sarah Dalrymple, a conservation ecologist from Liverpool University, who is part of the task force. She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” 1．What is the problem facing ancient trees in London? A．Long summer. B．Habitat destruction. C．Extreme weather. D．Slow growth. 2．Which of the following statements may Andrew Allen agree with? A．Large-scale moving of ecosystems is impossible. B．Assisted migration may contribute to bad results. C．Non-native species are beneficial to ecosystems. D．Native species can survive changes by themselves. 3．What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph? A．Stop changing the climate. B．Have more options to help species. C．Help native trees to adapt to climate changes. D．Take action earlier to prevent species’ extinction. 4．What might be the author’s attitude towards assisted migration? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 应用文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·菏泽一中·期中） How does social media affect our life today? A lot of people believe that social media is just torture for kids and young adults, which in a way it is. It doesn’t allow them to be 100% themselves and it can cause them to overthink and become more anxious and less confident. Social media has caused people to rethink everything they do online from liking or posting a photo to sharing a post in case someone thinks that what they support or enjoy is meaningless. Do you know that selfies (自拍) are one of the most frequent causes of death of the modern generation? In 2015, it was reported that a 21-year-old girl fell down a mountain just for selfies. There is a lot of such news every day, and that statistic is increasing every day. With this generation, very few of them are speaking to each other directly because of communication on social media like messages. This can cause social anxiety for many people; they slowly lose their skills of how to speak to others face to face. I know it first-hand and it was difficult to tell myself that I needed to cut down on screen time and even harder to listen and do it. At the same time, there are a lot of positives on social media. Social media is a great way to connect with people who live far away, which has really helped people come together and feel less lonely if they live alone. You can express yourself by sharing your favorite songs or posting pictures of your new outfit. It’s much harder to feel embarrassed online than in person, so it’s easier for people to express their feelings on social media. Social media is also great for raising awareness about things like charities. It is a powerful tool for people to share their stories, reaching new audiences around the world. The list of movements is getting longer and longer every day as more and more people use social media to raise awareness and promote the movements. In conclusion, social media has its advantages and disadvantages like everything else does. It’s all about how we use it. 1．What does the underlined word “torture” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Mental suffering. B．Something relaxing. C．Physical damage. D．Something unexpected. 2．Why does the author mention the 21-year-old girl? A．To offer a suggestion. B．To lead in the topic. C．To make a comparison. D．To provide an example. 3．From the text, we learn the author ________. A．once fought with his/ her best friends B．used to be addicted to the Internet C．was injured for taking photos before D．used to participate in charity activities 4．What are paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The meaning of charity. B．The importance of writing stories. C．The advantages of social media. D．The necessity of reaching audiences. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体的优缺点。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“It doesn’t allow them to be 100% themselves and it can cause them to overthink and become more anxious and less confident.(它不允许他们做100%的自己，它会导致他们过度思考，变得更加焦虑和缺乏自信)”可知，社交媒体让孩子和年轻人无法做自己，导致他们过度思考，变得更加焦虑和缺乏自信，即对他们产生了精神折磨。故画线词指的是“精神折磨”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Do you know that selfies (自拍) are one of the most frequent causes of death of the modern generation? In 2015, it was reported that a 21-year-old girl fell down a mountain just for selfies.(你知道自拍是现代人最常见的死亡原因之一吗？据报道，2015年，一名21岁的女孩为了自拍从山上摔了下来)”可知，本段提及21岁的女孩是为了举例说明自拍可能造成的危险。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“I know it first-hand and it was difficult to tell myself that I needed to cut down on screen time and even harder to listen and do it.(我亲身知道很难告诉自己我需要减少看屏幕的时间，更难的是倾听并做到这一点)”可知，作者曾沉迷于网络。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第五段“At the same time, there are a lot of positives on social media.(与此同时，社交媒体上也有很多积极因素)”段和第六段“Social media is also great for raising awareness about things like charities.(社交媒体对于提高人们对慈善事业的认识也很有帮助)”可知，这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的优点。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东德州·期中） In our daily schedules and busy lives, there are moments when we tend to think about where we are heading in life. Can we say that we are living a successful life, or even heading toward one? How to achieve success in life actually depends on what success means to you. Most people think of success as getting a highly-paid job. But what they are forgetting is that a job is just a means to make your life easier. What is the point of earning a lot of money if you don’t get the time for people who are most important to you in life? After all, you are earning for them and yourself only, right? In addition, it is very difficult to keep a balance for those who are always looking for more and are never happy with themselves currently. It becomes, therefore, necessary to be thankful for all that you have achieved in life and be proud of yourself. Another key is to not only be confident but also respect what others say. A person who respects his elders and values their advice always becomes more successful in life compared to those with overconfidence. Most of us tend to focus on things that we don’t have. For example, you might be sad that you aren’t the manager of your company. However, you don’t understand the fact that there may be thousands of people who are dying to be in the place where you are right now. At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine. Obviously, life is to move forward. But then in the end, it is the experience you get from the journey of life that matters, not the destination you are heading toward. Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life. So what are you doing now to live a successful life? 1．What does the author think of work and life? A．Work is as necessary as life. B．Earn to live and don’t live to earn. C．A highly-paid job means a successful life. D．It’s hard to keep a balance between work and life. 2．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A．The importance of keeping moving forward. B．The importance of making use of what you own. C．The importance of having confidence in yourself. D．The importance of being grateful for what you have. 3．What does the author suggest at the end of the text? A．Being proud of yourself. B．Living in the present happily. C．Being different from others in life. D．Determining the destination of your life. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give us some tips on being successful in life. B．To warn us not to just think about making money. C．To encourage us to be confident about the future life. D．To show us different views of different people on success. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了成功生活的定义，指出成功不仅在于高薪工作或物质财富，更在于平衡生活、感恩成就、尊重他人及享受每一刻的快乐。 1．推理判断题。 根据文章第二段的“Most people think of success as getting a highly-paid job. But what they are forgetting is that a job is just a means to make your life easier. What is the point of earning a lot of money if you don’t get the time for people who are most important to you in life? After all, you are earning for them and yourself only, right?(大多数人认为成功就是找到一份高薪工作。但他们忘记的是，工作只是让你的生活更轻松的一种手段。如果你没有时间陪伴生活中对你最重要的人，那么赚很多钱又有什么意义呢？毕竟，你只为他们和你自己赚钱，对吧？)”可知，作者对于工作和生活的看法是：挣钱是为了生活，而生活并不是为了挣钱。故选B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段的“Most of us tend to focus on things that we don’t have. For example, you might be sad that you aren’t the manager of your company. However, you don’t understand the fact that there may be thousands of people who are dying to be in the place where you are right now. At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine.(我们大多数人倾向于关注我们没有的东西。例如，你可能会因为自己不是公司的经理而感到难过。然而，你不明白这样一个事实，即可能有成千上万的人渴望来到你现在所在的地方。有时候，数着手中的硬币总比后悔没有得到金矿要好)”可知，作者认为，我们不应该总是专注于自己没有的东西，而应该对自己所拥有的一切心怀感激。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段的“Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life.(生活中的成功对不同的人来说可能不同，但快乐地生活每一刻是人生成功的关键)”可知，作者建议把握现在，快乐地活在当下才是人生成功的关键。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。 根据文章第一段的“How to achieve success in life actually depends on what success means to you. (如何在生活中取得成功实际上取决于成功对你意味着什。)”和第三段的“It becomes, therefore, necessary to be thankful for all that you have achieved in life and be proud of yourself. Another key is to not only be confident but also respect what others say. (因此，有必要感谢你在生活中所取得的一切，并为自己感到骄傲。另一个关键是不仅要自信，还要尊重别人说的话)”和第四段的“At times counting the coins in your hand is better than regretting that you didn’t get a gold mine. (有时候，数着手中的硬币总比后悔没有得到金矿要好)”和文章最后一段“Success in life may be different for different people, but living happily each and every moment is the main key to becoming successful in life. (生活中的成功对不同的人来说可能不同，但快乐地生活每一刻是人生成功的关键)”可知，文章主要讨论了如何定义成功以及如何在生活中取得成功。作者就如何才能拥有成功的人生给出了一些建议，即：挣钱是为了生活，而生活并不是为了挣钱；对于自己所拥有的一切心存感激，自信并且尊重他人的意见；把握现在，快乐地活在当下，不要过度执着于赚钱。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·牟平一中·期中） As AI art generators (生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 1．What does the underlined word "flaws" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Benefits. B．Advances. C．Weaknesses. D．Standards. 2．How is AI art different from human art? A．It is the product of experience. B．It costs less money to produce. C．It combines different styles of work. D．It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. 3．Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in the third paragraph? A．To prove the popularity of classic artworks. B．To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. C．To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D．To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. 4．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B．AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. C．Artists can create more works with the help of AI. D．There will be fierce competition in the art industry. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨AI艺术生成器引发的争议，包括AI作品是否算艺术、与人类艺术的差异及版权、价值等相关问题。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. (这项技术仍在发展中，还有一些问题需要解决，这意味着除了优秀人工智能能创作出的出色作品外，确实还有一些flaws需要考虑)”可知，这项技术有一些问题需要解决。由此可知，此处指的是技术存在一些缺陷，所以划线单词“flaws”与“缺陷、不足”意义相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. (不同之处在于，人工智能是由指令驱动的，而非表达自我的情感渴望)”可知，人工智能艺术与人类艺术的不同之处是人工智能艺术不是人类情绪的反映。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? (AI绘画工具每按一次键盘上的回车键，就能生成超过1000幅原创艺术作品。但一幅批量生产的《蒙娜丽莎》复制品，其价值远低于达·芬奇的原作。为什么？因为稀缺性——原作只有一幅。那么人们应该为AI作品付费吗？如果艺术家将AI杰作拿去出售，定价又该如何确定？)”可知，作者提及《蒙娜丽莎》是为了通过原作与复制品的价值差异，引出AI作品因可大量生成、缺乏稀缺性而面临的价值定位难题，即呈现AI艺术在价值方面的潜在问题。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry (AI艺术是程序根据人类需求，模仿现有艺术家的作品来创作新作品。但作品的创作者是谁？是机器还是使用者？原作者是否可以起诉其侵犯版权？这些问题使人工智能与艺术行业的融合变得复杂)”可知，AI艺术引发了“创作者归属”以及“是否侵犯原作者版权”等问题，这使得版权问题变得更加复杂。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东日照·期中） Lately, one of the hot-button topics in the art world is artificial intelligence (AI). Some people see AI as a means for democratizing creativity. It allows individuals of any skill level to produce stunning pieces quickly and without the expense of some more traditional art. This enables more people to generate work who would otherwise be limited by financial challenges. AI is also proving beneficial for the business side of the art world. Because it can be created at a lower price than traditional art, those who couldn’t afford to buy art now have more options. Due to its access to data from countless sources, Al can assist in authenticating (鉴定) artworks by analyzing different stylistic elements. Collectors and investors can assess the value of artwork using AI, and the list goes on. But it’s not all roses. Some worry that AI lacks the emotional depth that human-created art offers. Plus, as AI learns from user inputs and copies artistic styles, determining the rightful owner of AI-generated content has become increasingly problematic. It relies primarily on algorithms (算法) and pre-existing artworks, so there isn’t much creative input. There is also the concern of artists losing work and profits to AI. Because AI drives prices down for art collectors, artists are concerned that making a living as an artist will become completely impossible. All of these above points ultimately bring us to the big question: Is AI art really art? Like every industry, the art world needs to embrace technological advancements or it will get left behind. While some think of art from AI as a valid form of creativity, others feel that AI can’t truly be classified as art because it lacks the element of human creativity. It’s true that the line between art created by AI and human art is getting less distinct. But from where most artists stand, the fact that non-AI art will always require human touch and thought process points to the fact that it can never be completely replaced by AI. 1．What is a benefit of AI for the art world according to paragraphs 1&2? A．Increasing the value of artworks. B．Encouraging people to appreciate art. C．Making art accessible to more people. D．Helping train more professional artists. 2．What does the underlined saying “it’s not all roses” in paragraph 3 mean? A．There are no easy answers. B．It is a rather unpleasant topic. C．There are also negative aspects. D．It is a black-and-white issue. 3．Who would most likely oppose AI involvement in art? A．Users who provide lots of data for AI. B．Experts who determine the owners of AI art. C．Enthusiasts who appreciate different art forms. D．Artists whose works are used as AI resources. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI art will not take over human creativity. B．AI art is a technology without any limitations. C．The future of art relies heavily on AI technology. D．AI art is equally as valuable as human-created art. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【来源】山东省日照市校际联合考试2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人工智能（AI）在艺术领域的应用及其带来的利弊。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It allows individuals of any skill level to produce stunning pieces quickly and without the expense of some more traditional art. This enables more people to generate work who would otherwise be limited by financial challenges.(它允许任何技能水平的人都能快速创作出令人惊叹的作品，而且不需要传统艺术那样的高昂费用。这使得那些原本因经济挑战而受限的人也能创作作品)”可知，AI使得更多人能够接触到艺术并创作作品，由此可知，AI让更多的人接触到艺术。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“AI is also proving beneficial for the business side of the art world.(人工智能也被证明对艺术界的商业方面大有裨益)”和下文“Some worry that AI lacks the emotional depth that human-created art offers.(有些人担心AI缺乏人类创作的艺术所提供的情感深度)”可知，作者指出虽然AI在艺术领域有诸多好处，但也存在问题，即“不全是美好的”。因此，选项C“也有负面方面”是正确的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There is also the concern of artists losing work and profits to AI.(还有一个担忧是艺术家可能会因为AI而失去工作和利润)”可知，艺术家担心AI会夺走他们的工作和利润，因此他们最有可能反对AI在艺术领域的参与。由此可知，其作品被用作AI资源的艺术家最有可能反对AI在艺术领域的参与。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But from where most artists stand, the fact that non-AI art will always require human touch and thought process points to the fact that it can never be completely replaced by AI.(但从大多数艺术家的角度来看，非AI艺术总是需要人类的触感和思维过程，这意味着它永远不可能被AI完全取代)”可知，作者暗示了非AI艺术因其需要人类的触感和思维过程，所以永远不可能被AI完全取代。由此推知，AI艺术不会取代人类的创造力。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东济宁邹城·期中） A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them. Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem. Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with  illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine. People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand. In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. So, real science is a collective, imperfect and may-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the article? A．By describing a scientific research process. B．By telling a scientist’s personal experience. C．By giving an example of scientific failure. D．By presenting a common misconception. 2．What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about? A．The challenges faced by scientists. B．The history of scientific research. C．The methods scientists use to share results. D．The various focuses of scientists in their research. 3．What is the author’s view on healthy disagreements in science? A．They are essential for scientific progress. B．They create confusion and delay conclusions. C．They indicate problems in scientific methods. D．They often lead to the rejection of old theories. 4．Why does the author mention Jean Baptiste Perrin’s experiments and the subsequent debate ? A．To show science is a collection of facts. B．To prove scientific knowledge is always absolute. C．To illustrate science is a dynamic and evolving process. D．To show scientific conclusion can be reached after discussion. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学的真实面貌，驳斥了科学浪漫化的刻板印象，并强调科学是一个集体的、不完美的、多面的过程，其中科学家们针对复杂多样的问题提出多种且往往是部分的解决方案。健康的意见分歧是科学进步的重要组成部分，体现了科学的社会性和动态发展特性。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. (一个穿着实验室大褂的男人在昏暗的灯光下弯着腰，紧盯着显微镜。时间很短，回报很高，只有这位科学家能拯救所有人。这种浪漫化的科学图景在很长一段时间内都是标准的。但事实远非如此。)”可知，作者通过呈现一个常见的误解引入这篇文章的主题。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. (一些科学家寻找一些可观察到的影响的原因，例如森林破坏和地球温度升高之间的联系。其他人可能会调查事情的“是什么”而不是“为什么”。)”、第三段中“Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. (除了“是什么”和“为什么”之外，科学家可能会关注“如何”。)”可知，这两段主要讨论了科学家在研究中的不同关注点。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. (在科学界，健康的分歧是一种特征，而不是缺陷。科学是一个社会过程，在这个过程中，社会的监督确保我们拥有最好的可用知识。“现有的最佳”并不意味着“确定的”，而是在我们找到改进方法之前我们所拥有的最佳。)”可以推断，作者认为健康的意见分歧对于科学进步是必不可少的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. (原子论的悠久历史表明，科学是一个过程，而不是一成不变的快速交付结果。科学家Jean Baptiste Perrin在1908年进行的实验似乎解决了所有关于原子的讨论，但随着量子物理学的诞生，有关原子性质的问题即将引发数十年的争议。类似的讨论一直持续到今天。)”可以推断，作者提及Jean Baptiste Perrin的实验和随后的争论是为了说明科学是一个动态的、不断发展的过程。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·山东省实验·期中） Shortly after ChatGPT was released, in early 2023, a writer named Jason Colavito posted on social media that a computer was replacing him with AI, because it could write content for free. But he is also wanted — at a small amount of his normal rate — to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text. This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI. The problem is a culture that devalues human labor. With the release of new AI applications, discussions about the future of work are back in full force. A recent study looked at professions in the United States, from poets to financial managers, predicting the 19 percent will soon lose 50 percent of their tasks to AI. But our precious experience with suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work. In 2019, an independent research organization Data & Society studied how automation is being integrated in farm management and grocery stores. Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work. For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store. Most importantly, Mateescu and Elish discovered that the new tasks, which helped accommodate and employ the ‘automated’ technology, were often undervalued or even invisible. The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t because the robots are coming for us. It’s a cultural problem. As jobs get disrupted (扰乱) and people’s livelihoods are threatened, it’s easy to point fingers at technology as the unavoidable reason, whether you’re an expert or an employer. But what is actually to blame is a society that is willing to let workers be mistreated. It’s a big thing to change, but it’s not set in stone. And that’s the real ‘robots and jobs’ conversation we need to be having. 42．Which word has the closet meaning with the underlined word “slashed” in Paragraph 1? A．Created. B．Reduced. C．Improved. D．Removed. 43．What can be inferred from Mateescu and Elish’s findings? A．Humans are still needed to deal with AI-generated problems. B．Humans cannot understand the real value of their own jobs. C．New advanced devices are being integrated in various jobs. D．Automated technology is taking away almost all jobs. 44．Why do people devalue labor? A．Cultural factors. B．Technological advances. C．Living pressure. D．Unemployment issues. 45．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Wanted Conversation: Humans or Robots B．Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs C．A Promising Future: Humans and Robots D．Work Gets Deskilled by Robots 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是人工智能对未来工作的影响，人工智能并不是来夺走我们的工作的，而是改变了工作的性质。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But he is also wanted — at a small amount of his normal rate — to ‘rewrite’ the AI-generated text. This is not the first time that technology has slashed salaries instead of jobs, and the real problem is not AI. The problem is a culture that devalues human labor. (但他也被要求——以比正常费率低得多的价格——‘改写’AI生成的文字。这已经不是第一次技术slashed工资而不是工作岗位了，真正的问题不在于AI，而是贬低人类劳动的文化。)”可知，他被要求以比正常费率低得多的价格——‘改写’AI生成的文字，这样就减少了他的薪水，因此slashed的意思是“减少”。A. Created创建；B. Reduced减少；C. Improved改进；D. Removed删除。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“For example, automated checkout machines kept employees busy, because now they were assisting confused customers, troubleshooting machines, and taking on other tasks to ensure their smooth operation in the store. (例如，自动结帐机让员工很忙，因为现在他们要帮助困惑的顾客，排除机器故障，并承担其他任务，以确保他们在商店顺利运作。)”可知，Mateescu和Elish发现人类仍然需要处理人工智能产生的问题。故选A。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“The important thing to understand is that the current deskilling and devaluing of labor isn’t because the robots are coming for us. It’s a cultural problem. (需要理解的关键点是，目前技能下降和劳动贬低并不是因为机器人来了。这是一个文化问题。)”可知，人们贬低劳动是因为文化因素。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“But our precious experience with suggests it’s much more complicated than technology simply replacing human work. (但我们对自动化的宝贵经验表明，它比技术简单地取代人类工作要复杂得多。)”和第三段中“Counter to the popular belief that the technology was reducing the need for human labor, researchers Alexandra Mateescu and Madeleine Clare Elish discovered that introducing new devices was mostly changing the nature of the work. (人们普遍认为这项技术减少了对人力的需求，但研究人员Alexandra Mateescu和Madeleine Clare Elish发现，引入新设备主要是在改变工作的性质。)”可知，文章主要论述的是人工智能对未来工作的影响，它不是来夺走我们的工作的，而是改变工作的性质，因此最好的题目是“Robots Aren’t Coming for Our Jobs (机器人不会抢走我们的工作)”。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东东营·期中） Meat is crucial for feeding the planet, leading scientists have said, as they wanted it is not more environmentally friendly to go vegan (素食). Prof. Geoff Simm, Director of Global Academy Agriculture and Food Security at the University of Edinburgh, said, “I think livestock (家畜) farmers do feel they are being demonized (妖魔化).” Often the argument is made that going vegan would minimize land use, but the modelling studies demonstrate that’s not the case. We feel that while livestock production has a range of economic, social and environmental costs, the costs have perhaps been receiving far more attention recently than some of the benefits. Meat has massive social benefits. It’s an important source of dietary protein, energy, highly bio-available micronutrient. Even small amounts of animal-sourced food have a really important effect on the cognitive and physical development of children. Prof. Mike Coffey, from Scotland’s Rural College, added, “It’s completely unnecessary to go vegan. If everybody went vegan, it would be devastating for the UK environment. Animals bred for food help boost biodiversity.” Researchers are currently attempting to breed more environmentally friendly cattle growing faster and eating less, which could further reduce the sector’s carbon footprint by reducing the amount of methane (甲烷) released by cows. Prof. Coffey said the next stage will be trying to measure the methane given off by different breeds of cattle to find which are the lowest emitters. Soon shoppers could be able to check meat labels to find out how much environmental impact their food has had. He added, “My expectation is that at some point in the near future there will be product labels that relates to the efficiency or carbon impact of the food.” Professor Andrea Wilson, also of Edinburgh University, said more research was needed into the impact of veganism (绝对素食主义). She added, “We know a lot about the livestock sector because people have looked at it. We actually know very little about the vegan sector. The danger is we demonize one and jump too quickly to the other.” 1．Why are livestock farmers being demonized? A．Because livestock production has huge costs. B．Because livestock meat contains harmful protein. C．Because livestock need more land and emit polluting gases. D．Because livestock meat negatively affect children’s development. 2．What’s the writer’s purpose of mentioning labeling different breeds of cow? A．To state a fact. B．To make a prediction. C．To present a solution. D．To explain a phenomenon. 3．What does the underlined word “devastating” mean in paragraph3? A．Protective. B．Important. C．Contradictory. D．Disastrous. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Going vegan is not greener B．Consuming meat is harmful C．Raising cows is environmentally friendly D．Criticizing livestock farmers is not wise 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了家畜养殖的必要性和素食主义对环境的潜在的负面影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Often the argument is made that going vegan would minimize land use, but the modelling studies demonstrate that’s not the case.(人们经常认为，素食会减少土地使用，但模型研究表明，情况并非如此)”以及第四段中“Researchers are currently attempting to breed more environmentally friendly cattle growing faster and eating less, which could further reduce the sector’s carbon footprint by reducing the amount of methane released by cows.(研究人员目前正在尝试培育更环保的牛，它们生长得更快，吃得更少，这可以通过减少牛释放的甲烷量来进一步减少该行业的碳足迹)”可知，畜牧业被妖魔化的原因是因为其被认为需要更多的土地并排放污染气体。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Prof. Coffey said the next stage will be trying to measure the methane given off by different breeds of cattle to find which are the lowest emitters. Soon shoppers could be able to check meat labels to find out how much environmental impact their food has had.(Coffey教授说，下一阶段将尝试测量不同品种的牛排放的甲烷，以找出排放量最低的牛。很快，消费者就可以通过查看肉类标签来了解他们的食物对环境有多大影响)”可推知，作者提到给不同品种的牛贴标签的目的是为了呈现一个解决方案，即让购物者了解他们购买的食物对环境的影响。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“If everybody went vegan, it would be devastating for the UK environment. Animals bred for food help boost biodiversity.(如果每个人都成为素食主义者，那对英国的环境将是devastating。饲养动物作为食物有助于促进生物多样性)”可知，这里的“devastating”指的是如果所有人都成为素食者，对英国环境将会造成严重的负面影响。由此可知，devastating与disastrous“灾难性的”意思相近。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Meat is crucial for feeding the planet, leading scientists have said, as they wanted it is not more environmentally friendly to go vegan (素食).(顶尖科学家表示，肉类对养活地球人至关重要，因为他们希望素食主义者不会更环保)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要说明了科学家们认为吃肉对养活全球人口至关重要，因为素食并非更环保。由此可知，Going vegan is not greener适合作本文标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东济宁·期中） How important are the first three episodes (集) to a show? The first three episodes of a drama are crucial for keeping viewers engaged. Tencent Video data suggests that almost 40% of viewers abandon a show within the first three episodes, with 35% of those abandoning it within the first seven minutes of the first episode. But now, the old rules of judging a show by its first few episodes are fading. The audience has developed from the double-speed watching at the beginning to the commentary- style (弹幕式) watching, and then to the fragmented (碎片化) watching that is appearing now. The audience’s speed of watching shows has been speeding up. When the audience is more and more casual in watching shows, we can’t help but ask, is it because shows nowadays are bad? Or is it because the audience is impatient? For young people who are active on social media, they have many choices. When a new show comes out, they will not watch the first three episodes, but go to Weibo, Douban and other social media platforms to watch short video clips. When a show can’t get popular in the first week, it basically fails. The poet Coleridge said “Water, water everywhere, but not a drop to drink.” This explains the value of short videos: in the crowded field of information, you can’t get any useful knowledge. Watching shows by short videos is different from watching movies or reading novels. While we are surrounded by short videos, finding real knowledge is a struggle. Short videos offer instant satisfaction but lack depth, finally destroying the artistic value of film and television. This constant stream of fragmented information can make us lazy thinkers. Nowadays, people don’t have the patience to watch a movie, a famous book, or an in-depth article. Neil Postman’s warning that we’re becoming “amused to death” is proving true. 1．What does the data from Tencent Video suggest? A．Viewers’ expectation for shows. B．Viewers’ impatience with shows. C．Viewers’ opinions on making shows. D．Viewers’ reasons for abandoning shows. 2．Why have the audience changed their habits of watching shows? A．The shows have become longer today. B．The quality of shows has decreased greatly. C．Audience may not like watching shows as before. D．Social media provides many choices of short videos. 3．What is the influence of watching shows by short videos? A．It will reduce viewers’ confusion. B．It will narrow viewers’ horizon. C．It will weaken viewers’ thinking abilities. D．It will provide viewers useful knowledge. 4．How does the author feel about the change in watching shows? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Uncertain. D．Satisfied. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着观看习惯的改变，电视剧的前几集对观众吸引力的重要性减弱，以及碎片化观看趋势影响影视艺术价值。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Tencent Video data suggests that almost 40% of viewers abandon a show within the first three episodes, with 35% of those abandoning it within the first seven minutes of the first episode. (腾讯视频的数据显示，近40%的观众在前三集就放弃了一部剧，35%的观众在第一集的前七分钟就放弃了这部剧。)”可知，观众对电视剧的耐心不足。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“When the audience is more and more casual in watching shows, we can’t help but ask, is it because shows nowadays are bad? Or is it because the audience is impatient? For young people who are active on social media, they have many choices. When a new show comes out, they will not watch the first three episodes, but go to Weibo, Douban and other social media platforms to watch short video clips. When a show can’t get popular in the first week, it basically fails. (当观众越来越随意地看节目时，我们不禁要问，这是因为现在的节目不好吗？还是因为听众没有耐心？对于活跃在社交媒体上的年轻人来说，他们有很多选择。当一部新剧播出时，他们不会看前三集，而是去微博、豆瓣等社交媒体平台看短视频。如果一部剧在第一周不受欢迎，它基本上就失败了。)”可知，社交媒体提供了很多短视频的选择，改变了观众的观剧习惯。故选D。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“This constant stream of fragmented information can make us lazy thinkers. (这种持续不断的碎片化信息会让我们变得懒惰。)”可知，这说明通过短视频看剧会削弱观众的思维能力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Nowadays, people don’t have the patience to watch a movie, a famous book, or an in-depth article. Neil Postman’s warning that we’re becoming “amused to death” is proving true. (现在，人们没有耐心去看一部电影、一本名著或一篇深入的文章。Neil Postman警告说，我们正变得“被逗乐到死”，事实证明这是真的。)”可知，作者对观剧习惯的改变感到担忧。故选A。 主题01 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东烟台·期中） “Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer (预告片) for this summer’s Man of Steel. Perhaps we love origin stories, Markovitz suggested, because they “show the exact moment when a normal guy goes from being just like us to being somehow better, faster, stronger.” I tend to disagree. I think origin stories show us not how to become super but how to be heroes, choosing other people’s needs over the pursuit of one’s own wealth and power. I’ve learned this through hundreds of conversations at comic book meetings, where fans have been remarkably honest about their lives and the inspiration they draw from superhero stories. I’ve found that superheroes go through three types of life-changing experiences that we can relate to. The first is trauma (创伤), which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne commits himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents killed. In real life, many people experience “stress-caused growth” after a trauma and determine to help others. The second life-changing force is destiny (命运). Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—born with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is unwilling to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job. Lastly, there’s pure chance, which transformed a young Spider-Man, who was using his power for selfish (自私的) purposes until his beloved uncle was killed by a street thug. Spider-Man’s heroism is an example of how random negative events cause many of us to reflect on our lives and choose a different path. At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with difficulties, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose. (Wearing a cape or tights is not a must. ) 1．How did Adam Markovitz feel about every superhero movie being an origin story? A．Surprised. B．Disappointed. C．Fascinated. D．Inspired. 2．What experience led Bruce Wayne to become a hero? A．Suffering from great stress. B．Fighting crime with great devotion. C．Relating to Batman’s origin story. D．Witnessing his parents being killed. 3．What did Buffy do after she found her destiny? A．She couldn’t wait to accept her role. B．She used her power for selfish purposes. C．She refused to take on the responsibility. D．She committed herself to her role eventually. 4．According to the author, why do people love origin stories? A．Because they inspire us to put others before ourselves. B．Because they lie at the heart of every superhero movie. C．Because they explore the impact of negative events on life. D．Because they show how ordinary people become extraordinary. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者对超级英雄起源故事的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中““Why is every superhero movie an origin story?” complained Entertainment Weekly film critic Adam Markovitz after seeing a trailer (预告片) for this summer’s Man of Steel.(“为什么每部超级英雄电影都是一个起源故事？”《娱乐周刊》影评人Adam Markovitz在看了今年夏天的《超人：钢铁之躯》的预告片后抱怨道。)”可知，Adam Markovitz对每一部超级英雄电影都是一个起源故事是感到失望的。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first is trauma (创伤), which lies at the heart of Batman’s origin story, in which Bruce Wayne commits himself to fighting crime after seeing his parents killed.(首先是创伤，这是蝙蝠侠起源故事的核心，在其中，Bruce Wayne在看到他的父母被杀后致力于打击犯罪。)”可知，让Bruce Wayne成为英雄的经历是目睹他的父母被杀。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Consider Buffy the Vampire Slayer, about a normal teenager who discovers she’s the “Chosen One”—born with supernatural powers to fight demons. Buffy is unwilling to accept her destiny, yet she throws herself into her new job.(比如《吸血鬼猎人巴菲》，讲述的是一个普通的少女发现自己是“天选之子”——生来就拥有对抗恶魔的超自然力量。Buffy不愿意接受她的命运，但她全身心地投入到她的新工作中。)”可知，Buffy发现她的命运后，最终致力于她的工作中。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At their best, superhero origin stories inspire us and provide models of coping with difficulties, finding meaning in loss and trauma, discovering our strengths and using them for good purpose.(在最好的情况下，超级英雄的起源故事激励着我们，并提供了应对逆境、在损失和创伤中寻找意义、发现我们的优势并将其用于良好目的的模范。)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们喜欢起源故事是因为它们激励我们把别人放在我们自己前面，要为他人着想。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东淄博·期中） To appreciate that some questions are better than others, it helps to consider a few examples of questions that are bad. To find them, try playing Twenty Questions with a young child. In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal. In the simplified world of Twenty Questions, it’s relatively easy to evaluate what makes a question good or bad. Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair. For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions. An article for business people, for example, suggests that in asking questions, it’s important to figure out whether you’ re hoping to confirm what you think you know or to discover something new. But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still. What, for example, is a good question for basic science? What kind of question promotes self-discovery or insight? And how can we learn to ask better questions in cases like these? Scientist David Stork suggests that just as we teach problem solving, we should teach “question posing” — the art of asking good questions, the questions that lead to further insight and discovery. Asking big, bold, exploratory questions isn’t always rewarded in adulthood. From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem. A first step towards asking better questions, then, might be to recognize the intellectual contribution of a question well raised, not just a question well answered. And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals. 1．Why are a young child’s questions about animals considered “bad”? A．They don’t contribute to working out the answer. B．They are not motivated by curiosity. C．They are based on guesses rather than practical goals. D．They are simple to answer. 2．What may be a suggested way for people to ask questions? A．Pay more attention to the answers. B．Raise as complex questions as possible. C．Figure out the objectives clearly. D．Consider more potential applications. 3．Which does the underlined word “murkier” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．more available. B．more understandable. C．more unreliable. D．more confusing. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the change of the way children ask questions? A．Disapproving. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Reserved. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讨论孩子提出的问题与成人世界中的问题差异，引出了如何提出好问题的话题，并强调了提出好问题的重要性以及方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In trying to guess an animal, a young child might ask: Is it a koala? Is it an elephant? (Not: Is it a mammal? Does it live in Africa?) These are bad questions in the sense that they’re unlikely to supply an efficient solution to the problem of discovering the animal.(在猜测动物时，小孩子可能会问：这是考拉吗？它是一头大象吗？（不是：它是哺乳动物吗？它生活在非洲吗？）这些问题之所以不好，是因为它们不太可能为发现动物的问题提供有效的解决方案)”可知，小孩关于动物的问题被认为是“不好的”，是因为它们无助于找出答案。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal. When we do have some practical goal, being clear about what it is can be a first step towards asking better questions.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、准确的目标。当我们确实有一些实际的目标时，弄清楚它是什么可以成为提出更好问题的第一步)”可知，给人们提问的一个建议方法是明确目标。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。第三段中“For one thing, we don’t always have a single, accurate goal.(首先，我们并不总是有一个单一的、明确的目标)”和划线词所在句“But when our aim isn’t to achieve some practical goal, things become murkier still.(但是，当我们的目标不是实现某些实际目标时，情况就会变得更加_____)”是对第二段中观点“Unfortunately, producing good questions in the real world is often a more complicated affair.(不幸的是，在现实世界中提出好问题往往是一件更复杂的事情)”的论述。结合划线词后副词“still(依旧；仍然)”可知，没有实际目标的提问会更复杂，更令人困惑。划线词murkier与more confusing同义，表示“更令人困惑的”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“From preschool to high school, children move away from questions motivated by natural curiosity to those motivated by potential applications. Rather than “performing an act of curiosity”, they’re often after the solution to some practical problem.(从幼儿园到高中，孩子们的问题从由自然好奇心驱动转变为由潜在应用驱动。他们往往不是在“表现好奇心”，而是在寻求解决某些实际问题的办法)”和最后一段中“And we might do well to regain some of the youthful curiosity of young children’s questions — not necessarily by asking about koalas and elephants, but by letting some of our questions be guided by our basic curiosity, not only by our immediate goals.(我们或许应该重新获得孩子们问题中的一些年轻的好奇心——不一定是通过问考拉和大象的问题，而是通过让我们的一些问题由我们的基本好奇心来引导，而不仅仅是由我们的直接目标来引导)”可推知，作者对于孩子们提问方式的变化持不赞成的态度，认为应该重新获得一些年轻的好奇心，让问题不仅仅由直接目标来引导。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·德州一中·期中） As my husband and I drove down a country road, we passed a fire station with a sign that read, “Are you ready for the next storm?” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed tree and outages. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world. We have had our share of storms in the past — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days in a cold house weren’t fun, but we learned much from those early storms, things that made later storms easier to bear. Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery-operated radio to keep with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t encountered a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big storms — the big trials — that will come our way. They can teach us some valuable lessons. Are you ready for the next storm? Now is the time to get ready... not when the storm arrives. 1．Which can replace the underlined word “outages” in Paragraph 1? A．Weather change B．Power failure C．Virus spreading D．Emotional reaction 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The lessons that storms can teach us. B．The importance of being ready for storms. C．The preparations the author made for the next storm. D．The necessities the author bought for her daily life. 3．What does the author think of experiencing the past storms? A．It was thrilling. B．It was annoying. C．It was rewarding. D．It was frightening. 4．What can we learn from the author’s story? A．Stay optımistic during the storms. B．Keep something for a rainy day. C．Don’t stop regardless of the weather. D．Sunshine always comes after the storm. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是作者经历过暴风雨后就懂得要为下一次暴风雨做好准备。作者通过自身经历告诉我们要未雨绸缪，要为人生中出现的困境随时做好准备。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句提到“Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed tree(我们的地区刚刚经过飓风“厄玛”的路径，导致树木被吹倒)”，后一句提到“We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world.(我们被困在黑暗中，与外界隔绝了。)”可知，作者和丈夫所在的地区刚刚受到飓风“厄玛”的袭击，导致树木倒下，他们被困，与外界失去联系。根据“cut off from the outside world”可以猜测“outages”意思为“停电”。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery-operated radio to keep with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand.(现在我们已经储存了手电筒、灯笼和蜡烛。我们买了一台电池供电的收音机，以便随时收听新闻。我们储备了电池，这样我们就有足够的电池来应对长时间的停电。我们确保我们的烧烤架已经准备好了，它的水箱是满的，我们购买的食物可以很容易地准备，然后在烤架上烹饪或加热。我们也别忘了买应急巧克力！我们有书灯在黑暗中阅读。我们的汽车油箱总是满的，手头也有应急现金。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了作者为以后的暴风雨所做的准备。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t encountered a storm in the past.(我们已经为下一场风暴做好了准备，但如果我们过去没有遇到风暴，我们就不会学会做所有这些事情。)”和“They can teach us some valuable lessons.(他们可以教给我们一些宝贵的教训。)”可知，作者认为曾经经历过的暴风雨是值得的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Are you ready for the next storm? Now is the time to get ready... not when the storm arrives.(你准备好迎接下一场风暴了吗？现在是准备的时候了。暴风雨来了就不会了。)”可知，作者认为现在要为以后的暴风雨做准备，而不是当暴风雨来临的时候才准备。由此可以推断，作者的故事告诉我们一定要未雨绸缪，即Keep something for a rainy day。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东济南·期中） Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险) companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones. It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships. It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a quite dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration (沮丧) is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short term, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout. So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options. 1．What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more? A．The advertising cost. B．The improved service. C．The familiarity principle. D．The principle of the market. 2．We can learn from paragraph 2 that . A．Our preferences affect our decisions B．Familiarity tends to generate disrespect C．The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword D．There can be a mismatch between desires and actions 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles? A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Reserved. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Step Out of Your Familiarity Zone B．Spare a Thought for Your Preference C．Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D．Give Priority to the Mere Exposure Effect 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be tiring. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance (保险)companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone(慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围)”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·山东潍坊·期中） A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know if she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose. Her father, a cook, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He let them sit and boil, without saying a word. The daughter sucked her teeth and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her, he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee,” she replied. He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled, as she tasted its rich aroma. “What does it mean, father?” she humbly asked. He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water. “Which are you?” he asked his daughter. 1．Why did the daughter complain to her father? A．Because she found life was extremely cruel to her. B．Because she found that she was at a loss in her life. C．Because she was tired of fighting and struggling with others. D．Because she doubted if she’d make it to addressing the boredom in life. 2．What did the father take his daughter to the kitchen for? A．To boil three things for her. B．To explain to her what life is. C．To give her some inspiration. D．To carry out an experiment with her. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．The father seemed to be in favor of the egg most. B．The carrot was likely to be the daughter’s favourite. C．The three things all stood the test of the boiling water. D．The ground coffee beans chose to affect their surroundings. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A vivid lesson B．A best choice C．A tough challenge D．A rough ride 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了一个女孩告诉爸爸她不知道生活如何成功，厌倦于努力，奋斗，想放弃，爸爸将她带到厨房，用胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know if she was going to make it and wanted to give up. (一个女儿向她父亲抱怨她的生活，说事情对她来说是多么的艰难。她不知道自己是否能成功，想要放弃。)”可知，女儿发现自己在生活中感到迷茫，所以向父亲抱怨。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened.(他解释说，他们每个人都面临着同样的逆境，沸腾的水，但每个物体的反应不同。胡萝卜长得结实、坚硬、毫不留情；但经过沸水的作用，它变得柔软而脆弱。那只蛋很脆弱;它那薄薄的外壳保护着它那液体的内部；但是经过沸水的浸泡，它的内部变得坚硬了。)”及第四段“The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.(然而，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的；当他们在沸水里之后，他们改变了水。)”和文章的最后一段““Which are you?” he asked his daughter.(你是哪一个?他问女儿。)”可知，爸爸将她带到厨房，用胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.(然而，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的；当他们在沸水里之后，他们改变了水。)”可知，咖啡豆改变了水，由此可知，磨碎的咖啡豆选择影响它们周围的环境。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第三段“He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting; but after being subjected to the boiling water, it became softened and weak. The egg had been fragile; its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior; but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened.(他解释说，他们每个人都面临着同样的逆境，沸腾的水，但每个人的反应不同。胡萝卜长得结实、坚硬、毫不留情;但经过沸水的作用，它变得柔软而脆弱。那只蛋很脆弱;它那薄薄的外壳保护着它那液体的内部；但是经过沸水的浸泡，它的内部变得坚硬了。)”及第四段“The ground coffee beans were unique, however; after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.(然而，磨碎的咖啡豆是独一无二的；当他们在沸水里之后，他们改变了水。)”可知，爸爸将她带到厨房，用胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡分别在锅里面煮，让孩子看这三种东西的反应，从而启发孩子在逆境的时候应该怎么做，给孩子上了生动的一课，所以题目“生动的一课”合乎题意。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven- knows- what motives, he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote 《堂吉诃德》. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before? We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence — whether they are driving a truck, or running a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson. 1．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ______. A．age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal B．loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D．disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success 2．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．End one’s struggle for liberty. B．Waste one’s energy taking risks. C．Lose the interest to continue learning. D．Miss the opportunity to succeed. 3．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. B．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. C．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. D．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career. B．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. C．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. D．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文以《堂吉诃德》的作者塞万提斯的故事开篇，告诉读者如何过有意义的生活。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before? (这个故事提出了一个有趣的问题：为什么有些人直到生命的最后一刻才发现新的活力和创造力，而有些人却早在很久以前就开始播种呢？)”可推知，作者用塞万提斯的故事开头，是为了说明年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. (我指的是那些在成长过程中停止学习的人，因为他们已经接受了随着岁月流逝而来的固定的态度和观点。)”可知，有些人还没走到人生的一半就失去继续学习的兴趣了。画线部分指的就是people who have stopped learning on growing，画线词组在此处意为“失去继续学习的兴趣”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. (我们没有什么惊喜。我们失去了好奇心。但是，如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在。)”可推知，机会总是青睐有好奇心的人。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“People who work toward such excellence— whether they are driving a truck, or running a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson. (那些努力追求卓越的人，无论是开卡车还是开商店，只要做自己就能让世界变得更美好。他们学到了人生最宝贵的一课。)”并结合文章主要内容为以《堂吉诃德》的作者塞万提斯的故事开篇，告诉读者如何过有意义的生活。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提供有意义的成人生活的指导。故选D。 Passage 6 （23-24学年高二上·山东潍坊·期中） When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the“confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. ”（人类有一种有据可查的偏见，称为“确认偏见”，这是一种倾向，即寻找证实我们现有观点的信息，避免不符合这些观点的信息。）可知，D选项“我们更喜欢符合我们观点的信息”符合确认偏见”。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can usefor changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree.”（事实证明，在激烈的争论中，改变他人观点最有效的策略之一就是找到你们共同认同的地方，而不是列举你为什么是对的，别人为什么是错的。）可推知，“honey”指的是找到共同的立场。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas.”（让你的偏见成为一种不确认的偏见；换句话说，当你对某事有看法时，不要只阅读证实它的信息。相反，要努力寻找可能证明你错了的信息。如果你一直都是对的，这个练习只会让你的论点更有力。如果你错了，你的思想就会向新思想开放。）可知，获取与我们相反的信息能让我们受益。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。主要讲述了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何在两极分化的交流中改变思想”。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东青岛·期中） The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12,000 years. But does it have a future? By 2050, London’s weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. Around the world, millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move. We do not tend to think of trees as migratory: they are slow-growing and rooted to the ground. Faced with this problem, the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number proposing a radical, controversial solution: we help the trees on their march. Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilo-metres north, within the country and from abroad. Others say entire ecosystems should be trans-located, moving multiple species at once. The “assisted migration” is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration, expanding and connecting existing woodlands. But others say those arguments fail to deal with speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis. “Earlier in my career the narrative was all about restoring past baselines, and then, as I got more independent in my research, I realised that’s impossible. We are changing the climate so much, so we have to be a little more inventive. When we have examples of assisted migration, it’s often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options,” said Sarah Dalrymple, a conservation ecologist from Liverpool University, who is part of the task force. She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” 1．What is the problem facing ancient trees in London? A．Long summer. B．Habitat destruction. C．Extreme weather. D．Slow growth. 2．Which of the following statements may Andrew Allen agree with? A．Large-scale moving of ecosystems is impossible. B．Assisted migration may contribute to bad results. C．Non-native species are beneficial to ecosystems. D．Native species can survive changes by themselves. 3．What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph? A．Stop changing the climate. B．Have more options to help species. C．Help native trees to adapt to climate changes. D．Take action earlier to prevent species’ extinction. 4．What might be the author’s attitude towards assisted migration? A．Supportive. B．Cautious. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于古树未来生存问题的争议，包括是否应该通过辅助迁移来帮助古树应对气候变化带来的挑战。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“By 2050, London’s weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. (到2050年，伦敦的天气可能会像巴塞罗那一样，夏季干旱会持续很长时间。这些古树本来就不适合在这样的条件下茁壮成长。)”可知，伦敦的古树面临的问题是极端天气。故选C。 2．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. (自然资源保护主义者长期以来一直反对引进非本地物种。他们担心辅助移民会带来意想不到的后果。林地信托基金会的安德鲁·艾伦说：“生态系统的大规模迁移无法逆转，因此应该是最后的选择。”)”可知，安德鲁·艾伦可能同意辅助迁移可能带来不良后果这一观点。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” (她希望能更早地探索辅助迁徙，在物种数量变得如此之小之前与它们一起工作。“你永远不可能消除所有的风险，但不作为也有风险，”她说。“不作为的风险每天都在增加。”)”可知，萨拉·达尔林普尔在最后一段中敦促人们尽早采取行动以防止物种灭绝。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12,000 years. But does it have a future? (橡树在英格兰南部已经连续生长了12000年。但它有未来吗？)”和第四段中“The “assisted migration” is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration. “Large-scale moving of ecosystems can’t be undone (撤销), so should be very much a last choice,” said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration, expanding and connecting existing woodlands. (“辅助移民”存在分歧。自然资源保护主义者长期以来一直反对引进非本地物种。他们担心辅助移民会带来意想不到的后果。林地信托基金会的安德鲁·艾伦说：“生态系统的大规模迁移无法逆转，因此应该是最后的选择。”艾伦认为，我们应该通过鼓励自然再生、扩大和连接现有林地来优先帮助本地树木适应变化。)”、最后一段中“She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small. “You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,” she said. “The risk of inaction is increasing every day.” (她希望能更早地探索辅助迁徙，在物种数量变得如此之小之前与它们一起工作。“你永远不可能消除所有的风险，但不作为也有风险，”她说。“不作为的风险每天都在增加。”)”可知，文章首先提出伦敦的古树是否还有未来的问题，接着指出气候变化对古树的影响，然后介绍了关于辅助迁移的不同观点，包括其争议性和支持者的理由。文章并没有明确表达支持或反对的立场，而是客观地呈现了不同观点和论据。因此，作者对于辅助迁移的态度可能是客观的。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $