内容正文:
人教版八上Unit 1 Happy Holiday. Section B 词汇短语梳理背记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
单词速记
核心考点
例句
1
square /skweə(r)/ n. 广场;正方形;adj. 正方形的;平方的 p.6
名词复数:squares;形容词比较级:more square;最高级:most square
N/A
拆分法:squ(谐音“四”)+ are(是)+ 形状“正方形”,联想“四个边的是正方形”
N/A
1. Many people gather in the square every evening.(每天晚上很多人聚集在广场上。)2. The area of this room is 20 square meters.(这个房间的面积是20平方米。)
2
during /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ prep. 在……期间 p.6
N/A
N/A
词根记忆:dur(表示“持续”)+ ing(介词后缀),联想“在……持续的时间段内”
N/A
1. During the summer holiday, I visited my grandparents.(暑假期间,我去看望了祖父母。)2. He read a book during the flight.(飞行期间他看了一本书。)
3
victory /ˈvɪktəri/ n. 胜利;成功 p.6
名词复数:victories
victorious adj. 胜利的;成功的
谐音记忆:“维克托利”,联想“维克托取得了胜利”
N/A
1. The team worked hard and finally got the victory.(这支队伍努力拼搏,最终取得了胜利。)2. We all cheered for their victory in the game.(我们都为他们在比赛中的胜利欢呼。)
4
Russian /ˈrʌʃn/ adj. 俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人的;n. 俄罗斯人;俄语 p.6
名词复数(表“俄罗斯人”):Russians;(表“俄语”)不可数
Russia n. 俄罗斯
联想记忆:“Russia(俄罗斯)”去a加n,即“Russian(俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人)”
N/A
1. My pen pal is a Russian boy.(我的笔友是一个俄罗斯男孩。)2. She can speak a little Russian.(她会说一点俄语。)
5
fight /faɪt/ n. 战斗;搏斗;斗争;v. (fought /fɔːt/) 打仗;打架 p.6
名词复数:fights;动词过去式/过去分词:fought /fought
N/A
谐音记忆:“ fight(发泰)”,联想“发生冲突要打架”
fight with sb 和某人打架;fight for 为……而斗争
1. Don’t fight with your classmates at school.(在学校不要和同学打架。)2. They fought for freedom many years ago.(许多年前他们为自由而斗争。)
6
fight against sb / sth 与……作战;与……作斗争 p.6
N/A
N/A
结合“fight(斗争)”和“against(反对)”,联想“反对某人/某物即与之作斗争”
核心搭配:fight against sb / sth 与……作战;与……作斗争
1. We should fight against bad habits in daily life.(日常生活中我们应该与坏习惯作斗争。)2. Soldiers fought against the enemy bravely in the war.(战争中士兵们勇敢地与敌人作战。)
7
artwork /ˈɑːtwɜːk/ n. 艺术作品;插图 p.6
名词复数:artworks
N/A
合成词记忆:art(艺术)+ work(作品),即“艺术作品”
N/A
1. The museum has many famous artworks.(这家博物馆有许多著名的艺术作品。)2. She spent two weeks on this artwork.(她花了两周时间完成这幅插图。)
8
thousands of 数以千计的;成千上万的 p.6
N/A
N/A
搭配记忆:thousand(千)前无具体数字时,加s和of,即“数以千计的”
核心搭配:thousands of 数以千计的;成千上万的(前无具体数字)
1. Thousands of people took part in the marathon.(数以千计的人参加了马拉松。)2. There are thousands of trees in this forest.(这片森林里有成千上万棵树。)
9
tear /tɪə(r)/ n. 眼泪;泪水 p.6
名词复数:tears
N/A
谐音记忆:“提尔”,联想“提到伤心事就掉眼泪”
in tears 流着泪;with tears 带着眼泪
1. She couldn’t help shedding tears when she heard the news.(听到这个消息,她忍不住流下了眼泪。)2. The little girl ran away in tears.(小女孩哭着跑开了。)
10
remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v. 提醒;使想起 p.6
动词过去式/过去分词:reminded / reminded
N/A
词根记忆:re(再次)+ mind(头脑、想法),联想“再次在头脑中唤起想法即提醒”
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事;remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
1. This song reminds me of my childhood.(这首歌让我想起了我的童年。)2. Please remind me to call him tomorrow.(请提醒我明天给他打电话。)
11
peace /piːs/ n. 和平;太平 p.6
不可数名词,无复数
peaceful adj. 和平的;平静的
谐音记忆:“皮斯”,联想“和平年代大家生活安稳”
in peace 和平地;at peace 处于平静状态
1. We all hope for peace in the world.(我们都渴望世界和平。)2. The old man lives in peace in the countryside.(这位老人在乡下平静地生活。)
12
easily /ˈiːzəli/ adv. 容易地;轻易地 p.6
副词比较级:more easily;最高级:most easily
easy adj. 容易的;简单的
派生记忆:easy(adj. 容易的)+ ly(副词后缀),即“容易地”
N/A
1. She easily solved the difficult math problem.(她轻松地解出了这道难题。)2. The door opens easily because it’s new.(这扇门是新的,很容易打开。)
13
forget /fəˈɡet/ v. (forgot /fəˈɡɒt/) 忘记;遗忘 p.6
动词过去式:forgot;过去分词:forgotten
forgetful adj. 健忘的;好忘事的(见序号26)
词根记忆:for(否定前缀)+ get(得到、获得),联想“没记住即忘记”
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(未做);forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)
1. Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave.(离开时别忘了关灯。)2. I forgot meeting him before.(我忘了以前见过他。)
14
noon /nuːn/ n. 正午;中午 p.6
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
联想记忆:“noon”中间是“oo”,像太阳在头顶,对应“正午”
at noon 在正午;by noon 到中午为止
1. We usually have lunch at noon.(我们通常在正午吃午饭。)2. They plan to finish the work by noon.(他们计划到中午完成工作。)
15
sick /sɪk/ adj. 恶心的;生病的 p.6
形容词比较级:sicker;最高级:sickest
N/A
谐音记忆:“西克”,联想“西边的人生病了”
be sick of 厌烦……;feel sick 感到恶心
1. She is sick of eating the same food every day.(她厌烦了每天吃同样的食物。)2. He felt sick after eating too much.(他吃太多后感到恶心。)
16
metro /ˈmetrəʊ/ n. 地下铁道系统 p.6
名词复数:metros
N/A
音译记忆:“迈特柔”,联想“地下铁道系统简称地铁”
take the metro 乘地铁
1. I take the metro to school every morning.(我每天早上乘地铁去上学。)2. The metro in this city is very convenient.(这座城市的地铁很方便。)
17
station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 车站;所;局 p.6
名词复数:stations
N/A
词根记忆:stat(表示“站立”)+ ion(名词后缀),联想“人站立等待的地方即车站”
train station 火车站;bus station 汽车站;police station 警察局
1. My father works at the police station.(我爸爸在警察局工作。)2. We met at the train station yesterday.(我们昨天在火车站见的面。)
18
palace /ˈpæləs/ n. 王宫;宫殿 p.6
名词复数:palaces
N/A
谐音记忆:“帕拉斯”,联想“帕拉斯宫殿很华丽”
the Palace Museum 故宫(专有名词,首字母大写)
1. The palace was built hundreds of years ago.(这座宫殿建于几百年前。)2. We visited the Palace Museum during our trip to Beijing.(去北京旅行时我们参观了故宫。)
19
accordion /əˈkɔːdiən/ n. 手风琴 p.6
名词复数:accordions
N/A
音译记忆:“阿科迪恩”,联想“阿科迪恩牌手风琴”
N/A
1. He can play the accordion very well.(他手风琴拉得很好。)2. My grandma gave me an accordion as a birthday gift.(奶奶送了我一个手风琴当生日礼物。)
20
get together 聚会;相聚 p.6
N/A
N/A
短语拆分:get(变得)+ together(一起),联想“变得在一起即聚会”
核心搭配:get together 聚会;相聚
1. Our family usually gets together on Spring Festival.(我们家通常在春节聚会。)2. They plan to get together next weekend.(他们计划下周末相聚。)
21
in the sun 在阳光下 p.6
N/A
N/A
短语记忆:in(在……里)+ the sun(太阳),直接联想“在阳光下”
核心搭配:in the sun 在阳光下(注意:不用under the sun表“在阳光下”)
1. The children are playing games in the sun.(孩子们正在阳光下做游戏。)2. Don’t read in the sun—it’s bad for your eyes.(别在阳光下看书,对眼睛不好。)
22
tower /ˈtaʊə(r)/ n. 塔;塔楼 p.6
名词复数:towers
N/A
谐音记忆:“淘儿”,联想“淘儿在塔楼里玩耍”
N/A
1. There is an old tower on the hill.(山上有一座古老的塔楼。)2. We climbed the tower to see the city view.(我们爬上塔楼看城市风景。)
23
might /maɪt/ modal v. 可能;可以 p.6
无词形变化(情态动词)
N/A
联想记忆:“may(可能)”的过去式,语气更委婉,即“might”
后接动词原形;表示“可能”时,比may语气更弱
1. It might rain this afternoon.(今天下午可能会下雨。)2. You might ask your teacher for help.(你可以向老师求助。)
24
budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算;v. 把……编入预算;精打细算 p.8
名词复数:budgets;动词过去式/过去分词:budgeted / budgeted
N/A
谐音记忆:“巴吉特”,联想“巴吉特在做旅行预算”
make a budget 做预算;budget for 为……做预算
1. We need to make a budget for our trip.(我们需要为旅行做一份预算。)2. She budgets for food and clothes every month.(她每个月都为衣食做预算。)
25
passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ n. 护照 p.8
名词复数:passports
N/A
合成词记忆:pass(通过)+ port(港口、关口),联想“通过关口需要的证件即护照”
N/A
1. You must take your passport when you go abroad.(出国时你必须带上护照。)2. I lost my passport and had to apply for a new one.(我的护照丢了,得申请新的。)
26
forgetful /fəˈɡetfl/ adj. 健忘的;好忘事的 p.8
形容词比较级:more forgetful;最高级:most forgetful
forget v. 忘记;遗忘(见序号13)
派生记忆:forget(v. 忘记)+ ful(形容词后缀),联想“爱忘记的即健忘的”
N/A
1. My grandpa is getting forgetful—he often loses his keys.(爷爷越来越健忘,经常丢钥匙。)2. Don’t be so forgetful; remember to take your bag.(别这么健忘,记得带包。)
27
faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ; ˌfɑːrəˈweɪ/ adj. 远方的;遥远的 p.8
形容词比较级:more faraway;最高级:most faraway
N/A
合成词记忆:far(远的)+ away(离开),联想“离得远的即遥远的”
N/A
1. She dreams of visiting that faraway country.(她梦想去那个遥远的国家。)2. We heard a voice from the faraway forest.(我们听到来自远方森林的声音。)
28
regular /ˈreɡjələ(r)/ adj. 平常的;有规律的 p.8
形容词比较级:more regular;最高级:most regular
regularly adv. 有规律地;定期地
词根记忆:reg(表示“规则”)+ ular(形容词后缀),联想“有规则的即有规律的”
regular exercise 有规律的锻炼;regular time 固定时间
1. He keeps regular exercise to stay healthy.(他坚持有规律的锻炼来保持健康。)2. We have meetings at regular times every week.(我们每周在固定时间开会。)
29
countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡村;农村 p.9
不可数名词,无复数(泛指“乡村”时);可数名词复数:countrysides(指多个乡村地区)
N/A
合成词记忆:country(国家、乡村)+ side(方面、地区),联想“乡村地区”
in the countryside 在乡村;go to the countryside 去乡村
1. My grandparents live in the countryside.(我的祖父母住在乡村。)2. We often go to the countryside to pick fruits.(我们经常去乡村摘水果。)
30
turn around 转身;翻转 p.9
N/A
N/A
短语拆分:turn(转动)+ around(周围、围绕),联想“身体转动周围即转身”
核心搭配:turn around 转身;翻转
1. He turned around and saw his best friend.(他转过身,看到了他最好的朋友。)2. Please turn around the picture—it’s upside down.(请把图片翻过来,它倒了。)
31
surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的;惊讶的 p.9
形容词比较级:more surprised;最高级:most surprised
surprise n. 惊喜;v. 使惊讶;surprising adj. 令人惊讶的
派生记忆:surprise(v. 使惊讶)+ ed(形容词后缀,表“人感到……的”)
be surprised at 对……感到惊讶;be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊讶
1. I was surprised at his sudden visit.(他突然来访,我很惊讶。)2. She was surprised to hear the good news.(听到这个好消息,她很惊讶。)
32
deer /dɪə(r)/ n. (pl. deer) 鹿 p.9
名词单复数同形:deer(单数);deer(复数)
N/A
联想记忆:“鹿”的单复数相同,类似“sheep(羊)”
N/A
1. We saw a deer in the forest yesterday.(昨天我们在森林里看到一只鹿。)2. A group of deer are drinking water by the river.(一群鹿在河边喝水。)
33
probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能;大概 p.9
副词比较级:more probably;最高级:most probably
probable adj. 可能的
派生记忆:probable(adj. 可能的)+ ly(副词后缀),即“很可能”
N/A
1. He will probably come back in an hour.(他很可能一小时后回来。)2. It will probably rain this evening.(今晚很可能会下雨。)
34
look for 寻找 p.9
N/A
N/A
短语拆分:look(看)+ for(为了),联想“为了找到某物而看即寻找”
核心搭配:look for 寻找(强调动作,区别于find“找到”,强调结果)
1. I’m looking for my lost notebook.(我正在找我丢失的笔记本。)2. She helped me look for my keys in the room.(她帮我在房间里找钥匙。)
35
Guest-Greeting /ˈgest ˌɡriːtɪŋ/ Pine /paɪn/ 迎客松 p.2
N/A
N/A
专有名词记忆:“Guest-Greeting(迎客的)+ Pine(松树)”,即“迎客松”
N/A
1. The Guest-Greeting Pine is a famous symbol of Huangshan.(迎客松是黄山著名的象征。)2. Many tourists take photos with the Guest-Greeting Pine.(很多游客和迎客松合影。)
36
Sea of Clouds 云海 p.2
N/A
N/A
专有名词记忆:“Sea(海)+ of(的)+ Clouds(云)”,直译“云的海”即“云海”
N/A
1. We saw the beautiful Sea of Clouds early in the morning.(清晨我们看到了美丽的云海。)2. The Sea of Clouds on the mountain is really amazing.(山上的云海太令人惊叹了。)
37
Seattle /siˈætl/ 西雅图(美国城市) p.2
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音译记忆:“西雅图”,直接对应美国城市名
N/A
1. Seattle is a beautiful coastal city in the US.(西雅图是美国一座美丽的沿海城市。)2. My uncle works in Seattle now.(我叔叔现在在西雅图工作。)
38
Red Square 红场 p.6
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N/A
专有名词记忆:“Red(红色的)+ Square(广场)”,即“红场”(莫斯科著名景点)
N/A
1. Red Square is one of the most famous places in Moscow.(红场是莫斯科最著名的地方之一。)2. We walked around Red Square during our trip to Russia.(去俄罗斯旅行时我们在红场周围散步。)
39
Alexander /ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndə(r)/ Garden 亚历山大花园 p.6
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N/A
专有名词记忆:“Alexander(亚历山大,人名)+ Garden(花园)”,即“亚历山大花园”
N/A
1. Alexander Garden is near Red Square in Moscow.(亚历山大花园在莫斯科红场附近。)2. We enjoyed the beautiful flowers in Alexander Garden.(我们在亚历山大花园欣赏美丽的花朵。)
40
Vincent /ˈvɪnsənt/ 文森特 p.6
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音译记忆:“文森特”,常见男子名(如画家文森特·梵高)
N/A
1. Vincent is my new pen pal from Canada.(文森特是我来自加拿大的新笔友。)2. My teacher told us a story about a boy named Vincent.(老师给我们讲了一个叫文森特的男孩的故事。)
41
Moscow /ˈmɒskəʊ/ 莫斯科(俄罗斯首都) p.6
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N/A
音译记忆:“莫斯科”,直接对应俄罗斯首都名
N/A
1. Moscow is the capital city of Russia.(莫斯科是俄罗斯的首都。)2. It’s very cold in Moscow in winter.(莫斯科的冬天非常冷。)
42
Russia /ˈrʌʃə/ 俄罗斯 p.6
N/A
Russian adj. 俄罗斯的;n. 俄罗斯人;俄语(见序号4)
联想记忆:“Russia(俄罗斯)”去a加n,即“Russian(俄罗斯的)”
N/A
1. Russia is a large country in Europe and Asia.(俄罗斯是横跨欧亚的大国。)2. My cousin went to Russia to study last year.(我表哥去年去俄罗斯留学了。)
43
the Victory Museum 胜利博物馆 p.6
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N/A
专有名词记忆:“the Victory(胜利)+ Museum(博物馆)”,即“胜利博物馆”
N/A
1. We visited the Victory Museum to learn about World War II.(我们参观了胜利博物馆,了解二战历史。)2. The Victory Museum in Moscow has many old weapons.(莫斯科的胜利博物馆有很多旧武器。)
44
Nazi /ˈnɑːtsi/ n. 纳粹党人;纳粹分子 p.6
名词复数:Nazis
N/A
音译记忆:“纳粹”,直接对应“Nazi”的中文译法
N/A
1. The Nazis did many bad things during World War II.(二战期间纳粹分子做了很多坏事。)2. We learned about the Nazis in our history class.(我们在历史课上学过关于纳粹的内容。)
45
World War II 第二次世界大战 p.6
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专有名词记忆:“World(世界)+ War(战争)+ II(第二)”,即“第二次世界大战”
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1. World War II ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战于1945年结束。)2. Many people lost their lives in World War II.(很多人在第二次世界大战中失去了生命。)
46
Moscow Metro 莫斯科地铁 p.7
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专有名词记忆:“Moscow(莫斯科)+ Metro(地铁)”,即“莫斯科地铁”
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1. Moscow Metro is famous for its beautiful stations.(莫斯科地铁以其美丽的车站而闻名。)2. We took Moscow Metro to visit Red Square.(我们乘莫斯科地铁去参观红场。)
47
Scotland /ˈskɒtlənd/ 苏格兰 p.9
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音译记忆:“苏格兰”,英国的一部分,对应“Scotland”
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1. Scotland is in the north of the UK.(苏格兰在英国的北部。)2. My aunt lived in Scotland for five years.(我姑姑在苏格兰住了五年。)
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