2025年中考语法复习： 代词Ⅱ（ 反身代词 & 指示代词）重难点、易错点+中考真题+强化训练）

中考语法复习： 代词Ⅱ （ 反身代词 & 指示代词） （重难点、易错点+中考真题+强化训练） 第一部分：代词的定义与分类 一、代词的定义 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词，其核心作用是避免名词的重复使用，使语言表达更简洁、流畅。 二、代词的种类 代词主要分为以下几类： 1. 人称代词：代替人或事物。 主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they (在句中作主语) 宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them (在句中作宾语) 2. 物主代词：表示所属关系。 形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their (后面必须跟名词) 名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs (相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独使用) 3. 反身代词：表示动作返回到执行者本身。 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4. 指示代词：指示或标识人或事物。 this, that, these, those 5. 不定代词：不明确指代特定的人或事物。 some, any, no, every, something, anybody, nothing, everyone, both, all, neither, either, none, each, another, other(s)等。 6. 疑问代词：用于提问。 who, whom, whose, which, what 7. 关系代词：引导定语从句。 who, whom, whose, which, that 今天这里介绍中间2类： 反身代词 & 指示代词 第二部分： 反身代词 一、定义与分类 反身代词：表示动作的承受者与执行者是同一个人或物，即“某人自己”。 它由人称代词（宾格）或形容词性物主代词加上 -self (单数) 或 -selves (复数) 构成。 反身代词总表如下： 人称 数 反身代词 中文意思 第一人称 单数 myself 我自己 复数 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 单/复数 yourself / yourselves 你自已 / 你们自己 第三人称 单数 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数 themselves 他/她/它们自己 特别注意： 1. 第一二人称由形容词性物主代词 + self/selves 构成 (my-self, our-selves, your-self/selves)。 2. 第三人称由人称代词宾格 + self/selves 构成 (him-self, her-self, it-self, them-selves)。 二、重点详解与练习 重点一：反身代词的基本用法（作宾语） 用法规则： 当句子的宾语和主语是同一个人时，宾语要用反身代词。 主语和宾语同一人: She taught herself English. (她自学英语。“教”和“被教”的都是“她”) 介词宾语: Don't always think about yourself. (别总想着你自己。“想”的对象是“你”自己) 练习一：用适当的反身代词填空。 1. The boy is too young to look after ______. 2. We enjoyed ______ at the party last night. 3. Please help ______ to some cakes, children. 4. He cut ______ with a knife when he was cooking. 5. The cat is washing ______. 重点二：反身代词作同位语 用法规则： 反身代词可以放在名词或代词（主语或宾语）后面或句末，用来起强调作用，意思是“亲自”、“本身”。 强调主语: I myself fixed the computer. = I fixed the computer myself. (我自己修好了电脑。) 强调宾语: You should talk to the manager himself. (你应该和经理本人谈。) 练习二：用适当的反身代词填空，并指出是强调主语还是宾语。 1. The president ______ will attend the meeting. (强调______) 2. You must do the homework ______. (强调______) 3. I want to speak to the doctor ______. 4. They ______ built this house. 5. Did you see the teacher ______? 三、难点与易错点详解与练习 难点一：含反身代词的固定搭配 用法规则： 许多动词和反身代词形成了固定短语，需要整体记忆。 enjoy oneself = have a good time (玩得开心) help oneself to... (请自便/随便吃...) teach oneself = learn by oneself (自学) hurt oneself (伤到自己) dress oneself (自己穿衣服) by oneself = alone (独自地) 练习三：翻译下列句子或完成句子。 1. 请随便吃些鱼。 Please ______ ______ ______ some fish. 2. 派对上每个人玩得都很开心。 Everyone ______ ______ at the party. 3. 他很小的时候就自学了游泳。 He ______ ______ to swim when he was very young. 4. 她昨天伤到了自己。 She ______ ______ yesterday. 5. 我喜欢独自旅行。 I like travelling ______ ______. 易错点一：反身代词 vs. 人称代词宾格 用法规则： 这是最核心的易错点！关键在于判断动作对象是否是主语自己。 反身代词：动作反射回主语自身。 (Look at yourself in the mirror. 你看你自己。) 人称代词宾格：动作指向另一个对象。 (Look at me. 看我。) 典型错误: He bought a gift for him. (歧义：是为他自己买还是为另一个“他”买？) 正确表达: He bought a gift for himself. (为他自己买) 练习四：选择反身代词或人称代词宾格填空。 1. She told ______ a story before going to bed. (her / herself) 2. We must believe in ______. (us / ourselves) 3. I saw ______ in the photo. It was great. (me / myself) 4. They introduced ______ to the new student. (them / themselves) 5. He cooked a big meal for ______ after work. (him / himself) 易错点二：反身代词与相互代词 (each other) 的混淆 用法规则： 反身代词：指单个主体的自身。 (They are teaching themselves. 他们各自自学。) each other：指两个或多个主体之间的“互相”。 (They are teaching each other. 他们互相教对方。) 练习五：选择反身代词或each other填空。 1. The two friends often help ______ with homework. 2. We should learn to rely on ______, not others. 3. They looked at ______ in surprise and didn't know what to do. 4. My grandparents still love ______ after 50 years of marriage. 5. The students in this class compete with ______ all the time. 【综合巩固练习】 一、单项选择 1. The little girl can dress ______ now. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 2. Boys, help ______ to some fruit! A. you B. your C. yourselves D. yourself 3. Nobody taught us. We learned it all by ______. A. we B. our C. us D. ourselves 4. — Who fixed your computer? — I fixed it ______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 5. They enjoyed ______ during the summer vacation. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they 二、用适当的反身代词填空 1. The machine can turn ______ off automatically. 2. You'll hurt ______ if you're not careful. 3. I ______ am not interested in this movie. 4. We built the model plane ______. 5. The dog saw ______ in the mirror and got scared. 第三部分：指示代词 一、定义与分类 指示代词：用来指示或标识特定的人、事物或概念的代词。 它们可以单独使用，也可以修饰名词。 最常见的指示代词有： this (这个) — 指代单数，近处的人或物 that (那个) — 指代单数，远处的人或物 these (这些) — this的复数形式，指代近处 those (那些) — that的复数形式，指代远处 此外，such (这样的), same (同样的) 也常被归为指示代词。 二、重点详解与练习 重点一：基本用法（指代空间距离） 用法规则： 这是指示代词最核心的用法，通过距离的远近（物理或心理）来选择正确的词。 this/these: 指离说话人较近的人或物。 that/those: 指离说话人较远的人或物。 练习一：选择this, that, these, those填空。 1. Look at ______ beautiful flowers in my hand. 2. Do you see ______ tall building over there? 3. ______ shoes I'm wearing are very comfortable. 4. ______ book on the shelf across the room is my favorite. 5. Mom, ______ is my friend, Lisa. (介绍身边的Lisa) 重点二：指代时间 用法规则： 指示代词也可以用来指代时间上的“近”和“远”。 this/these: 指现在或即将发生的时间段。 this week (本周), these days (这些天/如今) that/those: 指过去或已经过去的时间段。 that day (那天), in those days (在那个年代/那时候) 练习二：选择this, that, these, those填空。 1. I'm very busy ______ week. 2. Life was much harder in ______ days. 3. ______ summer we are going to visit Beijing. 4. I will never forget ______ moment when I won the prize. 5. The technology was not advanced in ______ days. 三、难点与易错点详解与练习 难点一：在电话用语或介绍人时的特殊用法 用法规则： 在打电话或介绍人时，this 和 that 的用法有特殊约定。 介绍人: 介绍身边的人时，用 This is... (这是...) 询问对方身边的人时，用 Is that...? (那是...?) 打电话: 说自己时，用 This is... (speaking). (我是...) 问对方时，用 Is that... (speaking)? (你是...吗?) That 不能用来指代自己。 练习三：根据情景完成对话。 1. (向朋友介绍你的弟弟) You: Tom, ______ is my brother, Mike. Mike, ______ is my friend, Tom. 2. (接电话时) You: Hello? Caller: Hi, ______ is David. Is ______ Anna? 3. (看到远处的人，问朋友) You: Look! Is ______ Mr. Smith, our math teacher? 4. (在电话中确认对方身份) You: Sorry, I can't hear you well. Who's ______, please? 5. (向妈妈介绍你的新老师) You: Mom, ______ is my new English teacher, Ms. Li. 易错点一：指示代词作主语时的主谓一致 用法规则： 当指示代词单独作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式必须由指示代词本身所表示的单复数来决定。 This/That → 总是单数 These/Those → 总是复数 典型错误: This are my book. (错误) → This is my book. (正确) These is my books. (错误) → These are my books. (正确) 练习四：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This ______ (be) my sister. 2. These ______ (be) his favorite movies. 3. That ______ (not be) a good idea. 4. Those ______ (look) delicious. Can I have one? 5. Is ______ (this) your pencils? 易错点二：用that/those代替前面提到的名词（避免重复） 用法规则： 在比较级或类似结构中，常用 that 或 those 来代替前面已经提到的名词，以避免重复。 that → 代替单数名词或不可数名词。 those → 代替复数名词。 结构: A is ... than that/those of B 练习五：用that或those填空。 1. The weather here is warmer than ______ in my hometown. 2. The books on this shelf are more interesting than ______ on that shelf. 3. The price of this computer is lower than ______ of the one I saw yesterday. 4. My shoes are the same size as ______ you are wearing. 5. The population of China is larger than ______ of Japan. 易错点三：such & same的用法 such：意为“这样的”，起到指定种类的作用。 such + a/an + (adj.) + 单数名词 (e.g., such a nice day) such + (adj.) + 复数名词/不可数名词 (e.g., such beautiful flowers, such good news) same：意为“同样的”，前面必须加定冠词 the。 the same + (noun) + as... (e.g., We have the same book. / She is the same age as me.) 练习六：用such或the same填空。 1. It was ______ wonderful party that I will never forget it. 2. Your bag is ______ as mine. 3. I've never seen ______ a tall building before! 4. We are in ______ class. We are classmates. 5. Don't make ______ mistake again. 【综合巩固练习】 一、单项选择 1. ______ days, many people prefer to shop online. A. This B. That C. These D. Those 2. The air in the countryside is fresher than ______ in the city. A. this B. that C. these D. those 3. — Hello, may I speak to Mr. Brown? — Yes, ______ is he. A. this B. that C. it D. she 4. Look at ______ birds in the sky! They are flying so high. A. this B. that C. these D. those 5. My opinion is completely ______ as yours. A. such B. a such C. the same D. same 二、用适当的指示代词(such, same需结合冠词)填空 1. ______ picture on the wall was painted by my grandfather. 2. The rules of our school are stricter than ______ of their school. 3. He told me ______ funny jokes that I couldn't stop laughing. 4. We arrived at ______ time yesterday. 5. Is ______ your car parked over there? 第四部分：中考真题（反身代词 & 指示代词） 一、单项选择 1. (2023 福建) — Boys and girls, please help ______ to some fruit. — Thank you, Miss Wang. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your 2. (2022 河北) The computer is too old. It often turns ______ off for no reason. A. it B. its C. it's D. itself 3. (2023 陕西) The population of China is much larger than ______ of Australia. A. it B. one C. that D. this 4. (2022 江西) — Hi, Jack. Is ______ boy in a red shirt your brother? — Yes, he is. He is playing basketball over there. A. this B. that C. these D. those 5. (2023 河南) — How was your weekend? — Great! We enjoyed ______ very much at the party. A. ourselves B. us C. our D. ours 6. (2022 湖北) The weather in spring here is warmer than ______ in my hometown. A. it B. one C. that D. this 7. (2023 安徽) — Who taught your little sister to draw? — Nobody. She learned it all by ______. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 8. (2022 四川) — Are ______ your new books over there on the shelf? — Yes, they are. I just bought them. A. this B. that C. these D. those 9. (2023 辽宁) My grandparents still live in the small village. They are used to the life ______. A. themselves B. herself C. himself D. itself 10. (2022 黑龙江) — I can't find my pen. May I use ______? — Of course. Here you are. A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself 二、单词填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (2023 广东) The little boy is too young to look after ______ (he). 2. (2022 山西) In ______ (I) opinion, the blue one is better than the red one. 3. (2023 吉林) The story ______ (it) is not interesting, but the pictures in the book are beautiful. 4. (2022 甘肃) We should learn to protect ______ (we) from danger. 5. (2023 贵州) — Whose schoolbag is this? — It's ______ (her). Her name is on it. 第五部分： 强化训练（反身代词 & 指示代词） （满分：100分 时间：60分钟） 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 得分：__________ 一、单项选择 (共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. The children made a model plane all by ______. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves ( ) 2. — Hi, is that Mary speaking? — Yes. ______ is Mary. A. That B. This C. It D. She ( ) 3. The temperature in the south is higher than ______ in the north. A. it B. one C. that D. this ( ) 4. Please help ______ to some fish, kids. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves ( ) 5. — Are ______ your cards on the table? — No. My cards are here in my hand. A. this B. that C. these D. those ( ) 6. The girl is only four years old, but she can dress ______. A. she B. her C. herself D. hers ( ) 7. The history of China is much longer than ______ of America. A. it B. one C. that D. this ( ) 8. — Who told them the news? — Nobody. They found out about it ______. A. themselves B. herself C. myself D. itself ( ) 9. — Is ______ boy your friend? — Which one? — The one under the tree. A. this B. that C. these D. those ( )10. We had a good time and enjoyed ______ at the beach last Sunday. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves ( )11. The price of the new phone is lower than ______ of the old one. A. it B. one C. that D. this ( )12. The dog saw ______ in the mirror and barked. A. it B. its C. it's D. itself ( )13. — Whose watch is ______ on the desk? — It's mine. A. this B. that C. these D. those ( )14. "Make ______ at home," she said to us. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your ( )15. The books on this shelf are more interesting than ______ on that shelf. A. it B. one C. that D. those 二、单词填空 (共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 用反身代词或指示代词的适当形式填空。 1. The computer can restart ______ (it) after updating. 2. Look at ______ (that) birds in the tree! They are so beautiful. 3. She taught ______ (she) how to play the guitar. 4. The weather in Kunming is better than ______ (that) in Beijing. 5. Hi, Tom. ______ (this) is my cousin, Mike. 6. We must finish the work by ______ (we). 7. I don't like ______ (this) shoes. Can you show me another pair? 8. The little boy can ride a bike by ______ (he) now. 9. The culture of China is different from ______ (that) of France. 10. — Who is ______ (that) man over there? — He is our new English teacher. 三、句型转换 (共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 根据括号内的要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. I cooked the meal alone. (改为同义句) I cooked the meal ______ ______. 2. That is her mobile phone. (改为复数句) ______ are their mobile ______. 3. The boy himself solved the difficult problem. (改为同义句) The boy solved the difficult problem ______ ______. 4. This book is more interesting than that book. (改为同义句) This book is more interesting than ______ ______. 5. She traveled to Japan by herself. (改为同义句) She ______ ______ to Japan. 四、句子改错 (共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 下列每个句子中均有一处错误，找出并改正。 1. The children enjoyed them at the zoo. __________ 2. This two pictures were drawn by my sister. __________ 3. He bought a gift for him. __________ 4. The price of meat is higher than rice. __________ 5. She can look after herself good. __________ 五、翻译句子 (共5小题，每小题4分，共20分) 将下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 请随便吃些水果。 _________________________________________________________ 2. 那边的那些建筑很古老。 _________________________________________________________ 3. 她自学了英语。 _________________________________________________________ 4. 这辆自行车的价格比那辆低。 _________________________________________________________ 5. 你们必须自己完成作业。 _________________________________________________________ 练习答案与解析 第二部分： 反身代词 练习一： 1. himself (look after oneself 照顾自己) 2. ourselves (enjoy oneself 玩得开心) 3. yourselves (help oneself to... 请自便，对children说用复数) 4. himself (cut oneself 割伤自己) 5. itself (wash oneself 清洗自己) 练习二： 1. himself (强调主语The president) 2. yourself (强调主语You) 3. himself/herself (强调宾语the doctor) 4. themselves (强调主语They) 5. himself/herself (强调宾语the teacher) 练习三： 1. help yourself to 2. enjoyed themselves (everyone视为单数，但反身代词逻辑上用themselves更常见) 3. taught himself 4. hurt herself 5. by myself 练习四： 1. herself (她给自己讲故事，对象是自身) 2. ourselves (相信我们自己) 3. myself (在照片中看到我自己) 4. themselves (把自己介绍给新同学，对象是自身) 5. himself (为他自已做饭，对象是自身) 练习五： 1. each other (两个朋友之间“互相”帮助) 2. ourselves (我们“自己”依靠“自己”，是单个主体的自身) 3. each other (他们“互相”看着对方) 4. each other (祖父母之间“互相”爱着) 5. each other (学生们之间“互相”竞争) 综合巩固练习： 一、单项选择 1. C (dress oneself 自己穿衣服) 2. C (help yourselves to... 固定搭配，对Boys说用复数) 3. D (by oneself 独自地) 4. D (强调是“我亲自”修的，作主语I的同位语) 5. C (enjoy oneself 玩得开心) 二、用适当的反身代词填空 1. itself (机器自己关闭自己) 2. yourself (你会伤到你自己) 3. myself (我本人，强调主语I) 4. ourselves (我们自己建造，强调主语We) 5. itself (狗在镜子里看到它自己) 第三部分：指示代词 练习一： 1. these (手中的花，近处，复数) 2. that (那边的建筑，远处，单数) 3. These (正穿着的鞋，近处，复数) 4. That (房间对面书架上的书，远处，单数) 5. this (介绍身边的人) 练习二： 1. this (本周，现在的时间) 2. those (在那个年代，过去的时间) 3. This (这个夏天，即将到来的时间) 4. that (获奖的那一刻，过去的时间) 5. those (在那个年代，过去的时间) 练习三： 1. this; this (介绍身边人用This is...) 2. this; that (电话中自称用this，问对方用that) 3. that (指远处的人) 4. that (电话中问对方) 5. this (介绍身边的人) 练习四： 1. is (This是单数) 2. are (These是复数) 3. is not (That是单数) 4. look (Those是复数) 5. these (pencils是复数，主语也需用复数these) 练习五： 1. that (代替不可数名词the weather) 2. those (代替复数名词books) 3. that (代替单数名词price) 4. those (代替复数名词shoes) 5. that (代替不可数名词population) 练习六： 1. such a (such a + adj. + 单数名词) 2. the same (the same as... 固定搭配) 3. such a (such a + adj. + 单数名词) 4. the same (the same + 名词) 5. the same (the same + 名词) 综合巩固练习： 一、单项选择 1. C (These days “如今”，固定搭配，指现在的时间) 2. B (that代替不可数名词the air，进行比较) 3. A (电话用语中，说“我是...”用This is...) 4. D (天空中的鸟，远处，复数，用those) 5. C (the same as... “和...一样”，固定搭配) 二、用适当的指示代词填空 1. That (墙上的画，远处，单数) 2. those (代替复数名词rules) 3. such (such + adj. + 复数名词) 4. the same (the same + 名词) 5. that (指远处停着的车，单数) 第四部分：中考真题（反身代词 & 指示代词） 一、单项选择 1. B 【解析】`help oneself to...`（请自便）是固定搭配。因为是对`Boys and girls`（复数）说，所以用`yourselves`。 2. D 【解析】句意是“它自己无故关机”，主语是`It`，故用反身代词`itself`。 3. C 【解析】此处在比较`the population`（人口，不可数名词），为避免重复，用`that`来代替。 4. B 【解析】根据`over there`（在那边）可知指远处，且`boy`是单数，故用`that`。 5. A 【解析】`enjoy oneself`（玩得开心）是固定搭配。主语是`We`，故用反身代词`ourselves`。 6. C 【解析】比较天气，用`that`代替不可数名词`the weather`。 7. D 【解析】`by oneself`（独自）是固定搭配。主语是`She`，故用反身代词`herself`。 8. D 【解析】根据`over there`（在那边）可知指远处，且`books`是复数，故用`those`。 9. A 【解析】主语是`They`（我的祖父母），故用反身代词`themselves`。`live...themselves`表示“他们自己生活”。 10. B 【解析】空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词`yours` (= your pen)。 二、单词填空 1. himself 【解析】`look after oneself`（照顾自己）。主语是`The little boy`，故用`himself`。 2. my 【解析】后有名词`opinion`，需用形容词性物主代词`my`。 3. itself 【解析】此处`The story itself`作主语，`itself`起强调作用，意为“故事本身”。 4. ourselves 【解析】`protect oneself from...`（保护自己免受...）。主语是`We`，故用`ourselves`。 5. hers 【解析】空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词`hers` (= her schoolbag)。 第五部分： 强化训练（反身代词 & 指示代词） 一、单项选择 1. D (by oneself“独自”，主语是The children，故用themselves) 2. B (电话用语中，说自己时用“This is... speaking.”) 3. C (比较温度，用that代替不可数名词the temperature) 4. D (help oneself to...“请自便”，对kids说用yourselves) 5. D (on the table暗示有一定距离，且cards是复数，用those) 6. C (dress oneself“自己穿衣服”) 7. C (比较历史，用that代替不可数名词the history) 8. A (主语是They，故用themselves) 9. B (under the tree暗示有一定距离，且boy是单数，用that) 10. D (enjoy oneself“玩得开心”) 11. C (比较价格，用that代替单数名词the price) 12. D (主语是The dog，故用反身代词itself) 13. A (on the desk暗示距离较近，且watch是单数，用this) 14. B (主语是us“我们”，故用yourselves) 15. D (比较书籍，用those代替复数名词the books) 二、单词填空 1. itself (主语是The computer，故用反身代词) 2. those (in the tree暗示有一定距离，且birds是复数) 3. herself (主语是She，故用反身代词) 4. that (比较天气，用that代替不可数名词the weather) 5. This (介绍身边的人) 6. ourselves (by oneself“独自”，主语是We) 7. these (shoes是复数，且指眼前这双，用these) 8. himself (主语是The little boy，故用反身代词) 9. that (比较文化，用that代替不可数名词the culture) 10. that (over there暗示远处，且man是单数) 三、句型转换 1. by myself (by oneself = alone“独自”) 2. Those; phones (that的复数是those; mobile phone的复数是mobile phones) 3. by himself (by oneself = oneself“亲自”) 4. that one (用that one代替that book) 5. traveled alone (travel alone = travel by oneself“独自旅行”) 四、句子改错 1. them → themselves (enjoy oneself“玩得开心”) 2. This → These (pictures是复数，指示代词也需用复数These) 3. him → himself (根据句意，应为“为自己买礼物”，故用反身代词) 4. rice → that of rice (比较对象应为“肉的价格”和“米的价格”，需用that代替the price) 5. good → well (修饰动词短语look after，需用副词well) 五、翻译句子 1. Please help yourself to some fruit. 2. Those buildings over there are very old. 3. She taught herself English. 4. The price of this bike is lower than that of that one. 5. You must finish your homework by yourselves. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $