内容正文:
人教版八上Unit 1 Happy Holiday. Section A 词汇短语梳理背记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
单词速记
核心考点
例句
1
ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的;古老的 p.2
adj. 比较级:more ancient;最高级:most ancient
N/A
拆分法:an(一个)+cient(谐音“先”)→ 一个“先”前的时代→古代的
固定搭配:ancient civilization 古代文明;ancient history 古代历史
1. Many ancient buildings in this town are well preserved.(这个镇上的许多古老建筑都保存完好。)2. We studied the culture of ancient Greece last term.(上学期我们学习了古希腊文化。)3. This stone bridge has an ancient history of over 500 years.(这座石桥有着500多年的悠久历史。)
2
camp /kæmp/ n. 度假营;营地;v. 露营;宿营 p.2
n. 复数:campsv. 过去式:camped;过去分词:camped;现在分词:camping
N/A
联想记忆:去“营地(camp)”就要“露营(camp)”,词性和含义相关联
n. 固定搭配:summer camp 夏令营;camp site 营地v. 固定搭配:camp out 露营;camp by the lake 在湖边露营
1. They spent a happy week at the summer camp.(他们在夏令营度过了愉快的一周。)2. We plan to camp in the mountains this weekend.(我们计划这周末去山里露营。)3. The children helped set up the camp before dark.(孩子们在天黑前帮忙搭好了营地。)
3
landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n. 风景;景色 p.2
n. 复数:landscapes
N/A
拆分法:land(土地)+scape(景色)→ 土地上的景色→风景
固定搭配:natural landscape 自然风景;beautiful landscape 美丽的景色
1. The landscape here is so beautiful that it attracts many tourists.(这里的风景太美了,吸引了很多游客。)2. He painted a picture of the rural landscape.(他画了一幅乡村风景图。)3. We stopped to enjoy the wonderful landscape on our way.(我们在路上停下来欣赏这美妙的风景。)
4
strange /streɪndʒ/ adj. 奇怪的;陌生的 p.2
adj. 比较级:stranger;最高级:strangest
stranger n. 陌生人;strangely adv. 奇怪地
联想记忆:遇到“陌生的(strange)”人就是“陌生人(stranger)”
固定搭配:strange place 陌生的地方;strange sound 奇怪的声音;be strange to sb 对某人来说陌生
1. She heard a strange noise from the next room.(她听到隔壁房间传来奇怪的声音。)2. This street is strange to me, so I need a map.(这条街对我来说很陌生,所以我需要一张地图。)3. It's strange that he didn't come to the meeting today.(很奇怪,他今天没来开会。)
5
vacation /vəˈkeɪʃn/ n. 假期;度假 p.2
n. 复数:vacations
N/A
谐音记忆:“vaca”谐音“哇卡”,假期到了“哇卡”开心→假期
固定搭配:summer vacation 暑假;winter vacation 寒假;on vacation 在度假
1. My family will go to the beach on vacation.(我们家要去海边度假。)2. She spent her winter vacation visiting her grandparents.(她寒假去看望了祖父母。)3. We usually have a two-month summer vacation every year.(我们每年通常有两个月的暑假。)
6
fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ adj. 极好的;吸引人的 p.3
adj. 比较级:more fantastic;最高级:most fantastic
fantastically adv. 极好地;惊人地
联想记忆:“fan”(粉丝)遇到“极好的(fantastic)”事物会疯狂→极好的
固定搭配:fantastic idea 绝妙的主意;fantastic trip 精彩的旅行;fantastic performance 精彩的表演
1. That was a fantastic movie—I want to watch it again.(那是一部超棒的电影,我还想再看一遍。)2. She gave a fantastic speech at the school meeting.(她在学校会议上做了精彩的演讲。)3. We had a fantastic time at the amusement park.(我们在游乐园玩得非常开心。)
7
town /taʊn/ n. 镇;商业区 p.3
n. 复数:towns
township n. 镇区(行政单位)
联想记忆:“town”比“city(城市)”小,是“镇”;去镇上的“商业区”购物
固定搭配:small town 小镇;town center 镇中心;in town 在镇上
1. He was born in a small town in the north of China.(他出生在中国北方的一个小镇。)2. There are many new shops in the town center.(镇中心有很多新商店。)3. My aunt lives in town, so we visit her every weekend.(我姑姑住在镇上,所以我们每周都去看她。)
8
breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸的空气;一口气 p.3
n. 复数:breaths(强调“次数”时可数,泛指“呼吸”时不可数)
breathe v. 呼吸;breathless adj. 喘不过气的
词性转换记忆:“breath”是名词(呼吸),去掉“h”加“e”变成动词“breathe(呼吸)”
固定搭配:take a breath 吸一口气;hold one's breath 屏住呼吸;out of breath 喘不过气
1. She stopped to take a deep breath after running.(跑步后她停下来深吸了一口气。)2. All the audience held their breath during the exciting game.(激动人心的比赛中,所有观众都屏住了呼吸。)3. He was out of breath when he arrived at the top of the hill.(他到达山顶时已经喘不过气了。)
9
take sb's breath away 令人惊叹;让人叹绝 p.3
无词形变化(固定短语)
N/A
联想记忆:美景让人“呼吸(breath)”都停住了→令人惊叹
核心考点:短语含义“令人惊叹;让人叹绝”,主语多为景色、事物
1. The view of the sunset over the sea took my breath away.(海上日落的景色让我惊叹不已。)2. Her beautiful singing took everyone's breath away at the party.(派对上她美妙的歌声让所有人都惊叹。)3. The grand building took the visitors' breath away as they saw it.(游客们看到这座宏伟的建筑时,都惊叹不已。)
10
especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其;特别 p.3
adv. 无比较级、最高级(程度副词)
especial adj. 特别的;特殊的
词性转换记忆:“especially”是副词(尤其),去掉“ly”变成形容词“especial(特别的)”
固定搭配:especially in... 尤其在……;especially for sb 尤其对某人来说
1. I like fruits, especially apples and bananas.(我喜欢水果,尤其是苹果和香蕉。)2. It's cold in winter here, especially at night.(这里的冬天很冷,尤其是晚上。)3. This book is good, especially for young students.(这本书很好,尤其适合年轻学生。)
11
steamed chicken soup 汽锅鸡 p.3
无词形变化(固定短语)
N/A
拆分记忆:steamed(蒸熟的)+ chicken(鸡肉)+ soup(汤)→ 蒸熟的鸡肉汤→汽锅鸡
核心考点:短语含义“汽锅鸡(一种菜肴)”,指用蒸汽烹饪的鸡汤
1. My mother often cooks steamed chicken soup for us in winter.(冬天妈妈经常给我们做汽锅鸡。)2. Steamed chicken soup is a famous dish in some southern provinces.(汽锅鸡是一些南方省份的名菜。)3. We ordered a bowl of steamed chicken soup in the restaurant yesterday.(昨天我们在餐厅点了一碗汽锅鸡。)
12
anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/ adv. & pron. 在任何地方;随便哪个地方 p.3
无词形变化(代词/副词)
N/A
拆分记忆:any(任何)+ where(地方)→ 任何地方→在任何地方
用法考点:用于否定句、疑问句和条件句;肯定句中用“somewhere”;作pron.时可接定语
1. Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend?(上周末你去了什么有趣的地方吗?)2. I can't find my pen anywhere in the room.(我在房间里到处都找不到我的笔。)3. If you need help, you can call me anywhere at any time.(如果你需要帮助,随时随处都可以给我打电话。)
13
nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ pron. 没有事;没有任何东西 p.3
无词形变化(不定代词)
nothingness n. 虚无(初中阶段不常见,填N/A)
联想记忆:“no(没有)+ thing(东西)”→ 没有东西→没有任何东西
固定搭配:nothing but 只有;只是(见序号22);have nothing to do 无事可做;say nothing 什么也不说
1. There is nothing interesting on TV tonight.(今晚电视上没什么有趣的节目。)2. He did nothing but read books all weekend.(他整个周末除了看书什么也没做。)3. She said nothing and left the room quietly.(她什么也没说,安静地离开了房间。)
14
guide /ɡaɪd/ n. 导游;指南;手册;v. 给某人领路;指导 p.5
n. 复数:guidesv. 过去式:guided;过去分词:guided;现在分词:guiding
guidance n. 指导;引导;guidebook n. 旅行指南
联想记忆:“导游(guide)”的工作是“指导(guide)”游客,还会用到“旅行指南(guidebook)”
n. 固定搭配:tour guide 导游;user guide 使用手册v. 固定搭配:guide sb to... 引导某人去……;guide sb through... 指导某人完成……
1. Our tour guide told us many stories about this old city.(我们的导游给我们讲了很多关于这座古城的故事。)2. She guided the little girl across the busy street safely.(她安全地引导小女孩穿过繁忙的街道。)3. You can find the answer in the student guide.(你可以在学生指南里找到答案。)
15
scenery /ˈsiːnəri/ n. 风景;景色 p.5
n. 不可数名词(无复数)
N/A
辨析记忆:scenery(总称,自然风景);scene(具体场景);view(特定角度的景色)→ 记住“scenery”是整体风景
固定搭配:beautiful scenery 美丽的风景;natural scenery 自然风景;enjoy the scenery 欣赏风景
1. The scenery along the river is really wonderful.(河边的风景真的很棒。)2. We stopped the car to enjoy the mountain scenery.(我们停下车欣赏山间风景。)3. She took many photos of the beautiful scenery during her trip.(旅行期间她拍了很多美丽风景的照片。)
16
silk /sɪlk/ n. 丝绸;(蚕)丝 p.5
n. 不可数名词(无复数,表“丝制品”时可加s,如silks)
silky adj. 丝绸般的;柔滑的
联想记忆:“丝绸(silk)”摸起来“柔滑的(silky)”
固定搭配:silk scarf 丝绸围巾;silk clothes 丝绸衣服;raw silk 生丝
1. This scarf is made of real silk, so it's very soft.(这条围巾是真丝做的,所以很柔软。)2. Silk production is an important industry in some areas.(丝绸生产是一些地区的重要产业。)3. She bought a beautiful silk dress for her mother's birthday.(她给妈妈买了一条漂亮的丝绸连衣裙作为生日礼物。)
17
scarf /skɑːf/ n. 围巾;披巾 p.5
n. 复数:scarfs / scarves
N/A
谐音记忆:“scarf”谐音“丝卡夫”,“丝”做的“卡”在脖子上的东西→围巾
固定搭配:wool scarf 羊毛围巾;silk scarf 丝绸围巾;wear a scarf 戴围巾
1. She bought a red scarf to match her coat.(她买了一条红围巾来搭配她的外套。)2. My grandmother knitted a warm scarf for me last winter.(去年冬天奶奶给我织了一条暖和的围巾。)3. He wrapped his scarf around his neck to keep warm.(他把围巾围在脖子上保暖。)
18
ready /ˈredi/ adj. 准备好的;现成的;adv. 已做完;已完成 p.5
adj. 比较级:readier;最高级:readiest
readily adv. 乐意地;容易地;readiness n. 准备就绪
联想记忆:“准备好的(ready)”人会“乐意地(readily)”接受任务
固定搭配:be ready for... 为……做好准备;get ready 准备好;ready-made 现成的(adj.)
1. Are you ready for the English exam tomorrow?(你准备好明天的英语考试了吗?)2. The dinner is ready—let's start eating.(晚饭准备好了,我们开始吃吧。)3. She always gets ready for school early in the morning.(她早上总是很早就准备好去学校。)
19
ready to do sth 马上要(做某事);愿意做(某事) p.5
无词形变化(固定搭配)
N/A
拆分记忆:ready(准备好的/愿意的)+ to do sth(不定式)→ 愿意做某事/马上要做某事
核心考点:短语含义“马上要(做某事);愿意做(某事)”,后接动词原形
1. The children are ready to go to the park.(孩子们准备好去公园了。)2. She is always ready to help her classmates.(她总是愿意帮助她的同学。)3. The train is ready to leave in five minutes.(火车五分钟后就要出发了。)
20
somewhere /ˈsʌmweə(r)/ adv. 在某处;到某处;pron. 某处;某个地方 p.5
无词形变化(代词/副词)
N/A
拆分记忆:some(一些/某个)+ where(地方)→ 某个地方→在某处
用法考点:用于肯定句;否定句、疑问句中用“anywhere”;作pron.时可接定语
1. I want to go somewhere quiet for my vacation.(我想去一个安静的地方度假。)2. We must have met somewhere before, but I can't remember.(我们以前一定在某个地方见过,但我记不清了。)3. There is a nice café somewhere near this street.(这条街附近的某个地方有一家不错的咖啡馆。)
21
myself /maɪˈself/ pron. 我自己 p.5
无词形变化(反身代词,单数)
N/A
拆分记忆:my(我的)+ self(自己)→ 我自己
固定搭配:by myself 独自;enjoy myself 玩得开心;hurt myself 伤到自己
1. I can finish this work by myself.(我可以独自完成这项工作。)2. I enjoyed myself at the birthday party last night.(昨晚我在生日派对上玩得很开心。)3. Be careful not to hurt yourself when you cut the vegetables.(切菜时小心别伤到自己。)
22
nothing but 只有;只是 p.5
无词形变化(固定短语)
N/A
拆分记忆:nothing(没有东西)+ but(除了)→ 除了……之外没有东西→只有;只是
核心考点:短语含义“只有;只是”,后接名词、代词或动词原形
1. The old man eats nothing but vegetables every day.(这位老人每天只吃蔬菜。)2. He did nothing but watch TV all afternoon.(他整个下午除了看电视什么也没做。)3. There is nothing but a small table in this empty room.(这个空房间里只有一张小桌子。)
23
hotel /həʊˈtel/ n. 旅馆;旅社 p.5
n. 复数:hotels
hotelier n. 旅馆老板(初中阶段不常见,填N/A)
谐音记忆:“hotel”谐音“后贴哦”,住旅馆要“后”续“贴”钱→旅馆
固定搭配:five-star hotel 五星级旅馆;stay in a hotel 住旅馆;hotel room 旅馆房间
1. We stayed in a comfortable hotel near the airport.(我们住在机场附近一家舒适的旅馆里。)2. The hotel provides free breakfast for all guests.(这家旅馆为所有客人提供免费早餐。)3. They booked a hotel room for their trip to Beijing last month.(上个月他们为北京之行订了一个旅馆房间。)
24
comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/ adj. 使人舒服的;舒适的 p.5
adj. 比较级:more comfortable;最高级:most comfortable
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的;comfortably adv. 舒服地;comfort n. 舒适;安慰
反义词记忆:comfortable(舒服的)→ 加“un-”变成反义词“uncomfortable(不舒服的)”
固定搭配:comfortable chair 舒适的椅子;comfortable bed 舒服的床;feel comfortable 感觉舒服
1. This sofa is very comfortable to sit on.(这张沙发坐起来很舒服。)2. She feels comfortable in her new school uniform.(她穿新校服感觉很舒服。)3. We need to find a more comfortable place to rest.(我们需要找一个更舒服的地方休息。)
25
bored /bɔːd/ adj. 厌倦的;烦闷的 p.5
adj. 比较级:more bored;最高级:most bored
boring adj. 令人厌烦的;bore v. 使厌烦;boredom n. 无聊(初中阶段重点记boring和bore)
辨析记忆:bored(人感到厌烦的,主语是人);boring(事物令人厌烦的,主语是物)→ “人感到bored,物令人boring”
固定搭配:be bored with... 对……感到厌倦;feel bored 感到无聊
1. He is bored with watching the same TV show every day.(他对每天看同一档电视节目感到厌倦。)2. I feel bored when I have nothing to do at home.(在家无事可做时,我感到很无聊。)3. The children were bored because the class was too easy.(孩子们感到无聊,因为这堂课太简单了。)
26
sky /skaɪ/ n. 天;天空 p.5
n. 复数:skies(指“天空”时单复数均可,表“天气”时常用skies)
N/A
联想记忆:“sky”是“天”,“blue sky”就是“蓝天”,简单易记
固定搭配:blue sky 蓝天;in the sky 在天空中;dark sky 黑暗的天空
1. There are many white clouds in the blue sky.(蓝天上有很多白云。)2. We saw a plane flying high in the sky.(我们看到一架飞机在高空飞行。)3. The stars began to appear in the dark sky at night.(晚上,星星开始在黑暗的天空中出现。)
27
towards /təˈwɔːdz; tɔːrdz/ (= toward) prep. 向;朝 p.5
无词形变化(介词)
N/A
联想记忆:“towards”表示“朝……方向”,比如“walk towards the door(朝门走去)”
固定搭配:walk towards... 朝……走去;move towards... 向……移动;towards the end of... 在……快结束时
1. She walked towards her mother with a smile.(她笑着朝妈妈走去。)2. The company is making progress towards its goal.(公司正在朝着目标取得进展。)3. Towards the end of the class, the teacher gave us homework.(快下课的时候,老师给我们布置了作业。)
28
rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ n. 虹;彩虹 p.5
n. 复数:rainbows
N/A
拆分记忆:rain(雨)+ bow(弓)→ 雨后像“弓”一样的东西→彩虹
固定搭配:see a rainbow 看到彩虹;double rainbow 双彩虹;after the rain comes the rainbow 雨后见彩虹(谚语)
1. We saw a beautiful rainbow after the rain yesterday.(昨天雨后我们看到了一道美丽的彩虹。)2. The little girl drew a rainbow with seven colors.(小女孩画了一道七种颜色的彩虹。)3. Everyone was excited when the rainbow appeared in the sky.(当彩虹出现在天空时,所有人都很兴奋。)
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