Unit3基础知识清单2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册

2025-09-08
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Unit 3 Same or Different? Section A I语基夯实 词汇巩固 1.compare v.比较;对比 17.spare time空闲时间 2.shy adj.害羞的 18.pleasure n.乐事;愉快;荣幸 3.lazy adj.懒惰的;懒洋洋的 19.have sth in common有共同之处 4.loud adv.响亮地adj.大声的 20.appearance n.外表;露面 5.outgoing adj.外向的 21.personality n.性格;品质 6.hard-working adj.勤奋的 22.serious adj.严肃的;严重的 7.perform v.表演;执行 23.strength n.优势;力量 8.solve v.解决;解答 24.fact n.事实;现实 9.flute n.长笛 25.slim adj.苗条的;薄的 10.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜 26.population n.人口 11.Congratulations(on…)!(对……表示)祝贺! 27.km/kilometre/kilometer千米;公里 12.prize n.奖;奖励 28.average adj.平均的;平常的 13.attend v.参加;出席 29.rainfall n.降雨量 14.as…as…像……一样 …… 30.per prep.每 15.besides prep.除……之外(还) 31.mm/millimetre/millimeter毫米 adv.而且 32.pleasant adj.宜人的;友好的 16.spare adj.空闲的;备用的v.抽出;拨出 单词变形 1.compare(v.)→comparison(n.)比较 6.solve(v.)→solution(n.)解决办法 2.shy(adj.)→outgoing(反义词)外向的 7.personal(adj.)→personality(n.)性格;品质 3.lazy(adj.)→lazier(比较级)更懒惰的;更懒 8.spare(adj.)→free(同义词)空闲的 洋洋的 9.slim(adj.)→slimmer(比较级)更苗条的; 4.perform(v.) → performer(n.)表演者 更薄的 →performance(n.)表演 10.please(v.)→pleasant(adj.)宜人的;友好 5.congratulate(v.)→congratulation(n.)祝 的→pleasure(n.)乐事;愉快;荣幸 贺;恭喜 短语归纳 1.a pleasant temperature宜人的温度 10.attend the festival参加节日 2.compare with each other相互比较 11.be afraid of害怕 …… 3.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 12.talk with sb与某人交流 4.at the music festival在音乐节上 13.take part in参加 5.run fast跑得快 14.the population of……的人口 6.solve the problem解决问题 15.be different from与……不同 7.thanks for doing sth感谢做某事 16.play a beautiful song演奏一首优美的歌曲 8.congratulations on doing sth 17.look similar看起来相似 对……表示祝贺 9.win the first prize获得一等奖 18.make a comparison作比较 ·12 · 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 续表 金句积累 1.As twins,you look very similar. 作为双胞胎,你们长得很像。 2. We're different in many ways, but together, we make a great team! 我们在很多方面都不同,但在一起,我们是一个很棒的团队! 3. I'm afraid of performing alone. I'm not as outgoing as you.我害怕一个人表演。我不像你那么外向。 4. They both dance well, but I think Ella dances better than her sister,她们俩都跳得很好,但我认为埃拉比她姐姐跳得好。 5. Congratulations on winning the first prize at the school music festival! 祝贺你在学校音乐节上获得第一名! 6. Besides singing, how do you both spend your spare time? 除了唱歌,你们俩都怎么打发业余时间? 7. You play the Chinese flute better than anyone else in our music club. 你的中国笛子吹得比我们音乐俱乐部的任何人都好。 8. The population of Chicago was smaller than that of Guangzhou in 2022. 2022年,芝加哥的人口比广州还少。 Ⅱ重难精讲 ·13 · 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.Who dances better,Ella or Emma? 埃拉和埃玛谁舞跳得更好? 选择疑问句句型:“特殊疑问句,A(,+……) +or+B?”, 用于提出两种或两种以上情况,要 求对方选择一种。如: Whose picture is nicer,Kate's or Jim’s? 谁的照片更好看,凯特的还是吉姆的? 小贴士 选择疑问句的另一种形式:“一般疑问句+ or+ 其他?”如: Is she outgoing or quiet? 她外向还是安静? 2.Congratulations on winning the first prize at the school music festival! 祝贺你在学校音乐节上获得第一名! congratulation 意为“祝贺;恭喜”,常用其复数 形式来表示祝辞。常用结构:congratulations on(doing) sth 意为“对……表示祝贺”。如: Congratulations on getting the driver's license! 祝贺你拿到了驾照! 小贴士 congratulations to sb(on sth)意为“(因某事) 向某人表示祝贺”。如: Congratulations to you all on your good exam results! 祝贺大家考试取得好成绩! 3.Emma always gets up earlier than me,but I work as hard as her! 埃玛总是比我起得早,但我和她一样努力! (1)than 作介词,意为“比”,常用于形容词、副 词的比较级之后,引出比较的对象,并且比较 的对象前后要一致。 (2)as/so+adj./adv.+as … 意为“和 ……一 样……”,其中的形容词或副词用原级。否定 形式:not as/so+adj./adv.+as… 意为“不 如……那样……”。如:Mike's English is so/as good as mine.迈克的英语和我的一样好。 4.The population of Chicago was smaller than that of Guangzhou in 2022. 2022年,芝加哥的人口比广州还少。 (1)population作名词,意为“人口”,其单独作 主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 小贴士 ☑分数或百分数修饰 population 作主语时,谓 语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。 ☑表达“人口多”常用large,表达“人口少”常 用 small。 ☑对人口的数量提问用what。 ☑表示某地有多少人口时用“have a population of+ 数字”。 (2)在含有比较级的句子中,为了避免重复,常 用 the one/the ones/that/those来代替前面出 现过的名词:the one 代替可数名词单数形式, the ones/those 代替可数名词复数形式,that 代替不可数名词。如: Salaries are higher here than those in my city. 这里的薪水比我所在的城市高。 5.You attended the festival last year and this year. 你们去年和今年都参加了这个节日。 attend作及物动词,意为“参加;出席”,其宾语 通 常 是 meeting,party,show,concert,school 等具有活动意义的名词。其反义短语: absent from 意为“缺席;不在”。如: Yesterday my father attended an important meeting. 昨天我爸爸参加了一场重要的会议。 ( 小贴士 ) 注意区别 attend,join 和 take part in: (1)attend 指上学、上课、出席会议、参加事件或活 动等。attend 也可以意为“陪同,随同;照料”。 (2)join 指参加团体并成为其中一 员,宾语为 人或组织。 (3)take part in 指积极参加活动,并在活动中 起作用。 ·14 · 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 Section B I语基夯实 1.alike adj.相像的adv.相似地 17.metre/meter n.米 词汇巩固 2.mirror n.镜子 3.interest n.业余爱好;兴趣v.使感兴趣 4.novel n.小说 5.difference n.差异 6.sense n.理解力;感觉 7.humour/humor n.幽默;幽默感 8.thanks to归功于;由于;因为 9.less adj.较少的;更少的adv.较少地;更 少地pron.较少;更少 10.straightforward adj.坦率的;简单的 11.opinion n.看法;意见 12.make a mistake犯错误 13.honest adj.坦诚的;诚实的 14.direct adj.率直的;直接的 15.similarity n.相似之处 16.friendship n.友谊;友情 18.prince n.王子 19.character n.人物;个性 20.pauper n.贫民;乞丐 21.exchange v.&n.交换 22.accident n.意外;(交通)事故 23.by accident偶然;意外地 24.expect v.预料;期待 25.silver adj.银色的n.银 26.silver lining一线光明 27.situation n.情况;状况 28.care about关心;担心 29.reach v.伸手;达到 30.reach for伸手触碰 31.touch v.触动;触碰 32.lend(sb)a hand帮助(某人) 单词变形 1.interest(n.&v.)→interesting(adj.)有趣的 →interested(adj.)感兴趣的 2.different(adj.)→difference(n.)差异 3.little(adj.)→less(比较级)较少的;更少的 4.direct(adj.)→directly(adv.)直接地 5.similar(adj.)→similarity(n.)相似之处 6.friend(n.)→friendship(n.)友谊;友情 7.lend(v.)→borrow(反义词)借 8.humour(n.)→humorous(adj.)有幽默感的 9.touch(v.)→touching(adj.)感人的 →touched(adj.)受感动 续表 ( …… )1.get great pleasure from sth从某事/物获得 11.help sb(to)do sth帮助某人做某事 极大的快乐 12.speak in front of people在众人面前讲话 2.win matches赢得比赛 13.speak in a straightforward way ( 短语归纳 金句积累 )3.because of因为 说话直截了当 4.get better at 做得更好 14.have similar hobbies and interests 5.share sth with sb与某人分享某事/物 有相似的爱好和兴趣 6.read a lot of novels读很多小说 15.respect the differences in others 7.a sense of humour幽默感 尊重他人的差异 8.an honest friend一位诚实的朋友 16.in sb's spare time在某人的空闲时间 9.kind of shy有点害羞 17.put time into a job把时间花在工作上 10.give direct opinions给出直接的意见 1. Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. 正因为如此,我在练习时更加努力,现在我的羽毛球打得越来越好。 2. Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different.有些人认为朋友应该是相似的,但是有些人认为朋友应该是不同的。 3. For me, friends who are different make me better.对我来说,不同的朋友让我变得更好。 4.He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake。他不怕表达自己的意见,尤其是当他认为我犯了错误的时候。 5. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友可以援手帮助,触动你的心 6.The weather was pleasant, with white clouds and warm sunshine.天气很宜人,有白云和温暖的阳光 7. Besides this, he also realized that people's lives were much harder than he expected. 除此之外,他还意识到人们的生活比他想象的要艰难得多。 8. We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand.我们总是乐于互相帮助,伸出援手。 9. We are different, but we can be stronger together.我们是不同的,但我们可以一起变得更强大。 Ⅱ重难精讲 ·15 · 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.Because of that,I try harder when I practise, and now I’m getting better at badminton. 正因为如此,我在练习时更加努力,现在我的 羽毛球打得越来越好。 because of是一个介词短语,其后常接名词、代词 和动词-ing形式,但不接一个完整的句子。如: Because of his bad legs,he walked slowly. 他因为腿不好,所以走得很慢。 小贴士 by 的其他用法: (1)+交通工具,意为“乘坐”,如 by car/bike/ train/taxi。 (2)+人/物,意为“在……旁边;靠近”,如 by the window。 (3)+时间,意为“在……之前;不迟于”,如 by 8 p.m.。 小贴士 because 作连词,用于连接两个句子,通常位于 句子中间。如: I did it because he told me to. 是他吩咐我,我才做的。 2.You can understand people by knowing their friends. 你可以通过了解他们的朋友来了解他们。 by 作介词,意为“通过”,用于表示方式或方法。 3.Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. 有些人认为朋友应该是相似的, 但是有些人认为朋友应该是不同的。 We should respect the differences in others. 我们应该尊重他人的差异。 I have another friend,Zhang Yong. 我有另一个朋友,张勇。 (1)other 作形容词,意为“另外的;其他的”,后 常接名词。 other 还可作代词,意为“另外的人 (或物)”。如: Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题吗? I hope you will learn to show more respect for others. 我希望你能学会更加尊重别人。 (2)another 作形容词,意为“又一;另一(人或 事物)”。后接单数名词、“of+ 复数名词”或 “数字+复数名词”。如: We still have another 40 miles to go. 我们还要走四十英里。 ·16 · 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 单元主题回顾 As the saying goes,“A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.”I have two good friends,Lily and Tom,and they are quite different in many ways.Lily is very shy. However, she is really honest and hard-working. In class,she is too shy to answer questions in a loud voice,but she often performs very well in exams.Tom is not as shy as her.He is straightforward and outgoing but also lazy.Besides their personalities,their appearances are different too.Lily is slim.Tom is of average height.They also have less common interests.In the spare time,Lily enjoys reading novels and playing the flute with pleasure in a pleasant weather.Tom has a great sense of humour and loves to attend parties. Although there are many differences, they do have something in common. Because of this similarity,they both care about our friendship deeply.When I face a serious situation,they always lend a hand,using all their strength.Once I made a mistake in a project(项目)by accident,both of them exchanged opinions,helping me see the silver lining and solve the problems.Thanks to their help,I finally got a prize. They both sent direct congratulations to me. Some people may think a good friend is like a mirror.But in fact, friends don't need to be alike per day.And we aren't expected to compare with others,because everyone has their own character. $

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Unit3基础知识清单2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册
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Unit3基础知识清单2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册
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Unit3基础知识清单2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级上册
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