Unit 1 Wise men in history单元话题题型组合练（语法填空+阅读+完形+语法选择+写作）-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教牛津版）

Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题热点题型组合练 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 (每空一词)。 Mencius is a great thinker in ancient time. When he was three years old, his father died. His mother 1 (bring) him up alone. His mother was 2 hard-working that she spend all her time on his son. She hoped his son to be a useful person in the future, so she cared about 3 (he) education very much. When their living environment was not good for him, his mother decided to move at once. 4 first, they lived near a cemetery (墓地). “We can’t live here, it’s not good for my son.” said his mother 5 (serious). Then they moved to a place near a market. “It’s too 6 (noise) to study. It is not good for my son to live here.” said his mother once again. At last, they moved to a place near a school. “This place is much 7 (good) for my son, I like it.” his mother said happily. From then on, Mencius was 8 (move) by his mom. He decided to study hard. When he grew up, he became a great Chinese thinker 9 was widely known all over the world. This story tell us a good living environment 10 (play) an important role in our daily life. 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to share you a story about him, which is 1 (real) famous among Chinese people. A young boy made a living by 2 (sell) fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. One day he fell asleep on 3 rock after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he found 4 (he) coins were gone. The boy cried because the money was used to pay for the 5 (medicine) treatment of his sick mother. Bao Zheng happened to pass through the market. 6 he found out what happened, he had a wonderful idea. He told everyone in the market to put a coin into a basin (脸盆) filled 7 water. And guess what? When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao Zheng pointed out the man who dropped the coin 8 (steal) the boy’s coins. Bao Zheng explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily products in the market, and the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.” Lots of stories about Bao Zheng were made into some movies, 9 (novel), operas, and so on. Today Bao Zheng is still regarded as one of the 10 (great) officials in history and he is loved by Chinese people. He is truly a legend (传说). 二、语法选择 Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei get to Zhuge Liang’s cottage (茅舍) in the west of Xiangyang. Then, Liu Bei knocks at the door by 1 . A boy opens it and says, “My master is sleeping in his room. 2 a minute and I’m going to report to him.” Liu Bei answers 3 , “Please don’t disturb him. We’ll wait until he 4 up.” Then they stand outside the door of the cottage, waiting 5 silence. After a while, Zhang Fei has 6 patience and shouts. “Hasn’t he woken yet? My brother has been standing there for such a long time. I will see 7 he gets up or not if I set a fire behind his cottage.” Liu Bei stops him right away and asks him 8 respect. Upon hearing this, the boy responds, “I will go and wake up my master.” Liu Bei stops him immediately, “No, please don’t. It doesn’t matter that we wait a little 9 .” Then, it really takes some time 10 Zhuge Liang gets up and knows what happens outside. Eventually, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei 11 into the cottage. Liu Bei says, “I’m lucky to meet you on my third visit.” Zhuge Liang answers, “I’m simply 12 ordinary person. I doubt that I am well worth you visiting me three times.” Liu Bei smiles, “I know you 13 rule a country. To be honest, I would like to recover the Han Dynasty, 14 I have little talent. Are you willing to help me realize this dream?” Zhuge Liang is 15 deeply moved by his action that he agrees to work for him and helps him build their country. 1．A．he B．him C．himself D．his 2．A．Waiting B．Waits C．Wait D．Waited 3．A．polite B．politely C．politer D．politest 4．A．wake B．wakes C．woke D．waking 5．A．of B．for C．in D．with 6．A．little B．a little C．few D．a few 7．A．that B．what C．when D．whether 8．A．show B．shows C．to show D．showing 9．A．long B．longer C．longest D．the longest 10．A．before B．since C．unless D．if 11．A．invite B．is inviting C．are inviting D．are invited 12．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 13．A．need B．can C．should D．must 14．A．and B．but C．because D．so 15．A．too B．such C．such a D．so 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 During the Han dynasty, there was a general (将军) named Ban Chao. One day, he was sent to visit Shanshan state (鄯善国)-near modern Xinjiang in the west. The 1 of Ban’s trip was to establish (建立) good relations with the state. He brought only about 30 soldiers with him. The Shanshan king met them kindly and treated them well. At that time there was a nation called Xiongnu or Hun in the north. It often fought 2 Han’s army. A few days later, Xiongnu also sent messengers (使者) with lots of soldiers to the state. They spoke 3 of Ban to the king of Shanshan. The king began to show a cold attitude (态度) towards Ban’s group. When Ban saw this, he said to his soldiers, “The Shanshan king is 4 treating us in a friendly way any longer. If we don’t do anything, he may 5 us over to the Huns. If so, we will neither be able to complete our task 6 return alive.” The general said, “The Huns have 7 soldiers than we do and the Shanshan king must support them. So we have no choice but 8 all of the soldiers at the Huns army camp when they slept.” At night, Ban led his soldiers 9 to the Huns’ camp. There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly. The Hun soldiers were very 10 . After a fierce battle (激战), Ban’s army killed more than 100 enemies. The king admired (钦佩) Ban’s bravery and feared Ban at the same time. He immediately signed a peace treaty (条约) with Ban. 1．A．experience B．purpose C．trouble D．method 2．A．for B．with C．behind D．against 3．A．highly B．warmly C．badly D．coldly 4．A．often B．always C．never D．hardly 5．A．hand B．take C．get D．pass 6．A．nor B．or C．but D．and 7．A．less B．more C．fewer D．weaker 8．A．kill B．save C．to save D．to kill 9．A．quickly B．secretly C．slowly D．happily 10．A．relaxed B．excited C．frightened D．interested 阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a(n) 1 of the ideal (理想的) Chinese friendship. Here is the story. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played the musical instrument guqin very well. Unluckily, few people could 2 his music. One day, Boya went traveling by boat. On his way, he met with a big 3 and stopped the boat by the riverside. When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery (景色), he was very 4 . So he took out his guqin and began to play. As he was throwing himself into playing music, he 5 noticed that somebody was listening to him by the riverside. That person was Zhong Ziqi. Boya 6 him to his boat and played for him. He played one tune (曲子) that described the high mountain and the running water. Zhong understood it and respected Boya for his musical 7 . Boya was very excited, and said, “Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!” They 8 that they would meet again in the same place the next year. The following year, Boya arrived on time, 9 he didn’t see Zhong. Later he learned that his friend had died of an illness. Yu felt so sad that he broke his qin and never played it again. From then on, people use “High Mountains and Flowing Water” to 10 valuable friendship between people. True friendship isn’t about who the people are, or how long they’ve known each other, instead, it is about people who can truly understand each other. 1．A．rule B．part C．example D．character 2．A．forget B．believe C．realize D．understand 3．A．rain B．boat C．instrument D．fish 4．A．bored B．excited C．proud D．sad 5．A．suddenly B．luckily C．carefully D．slowly 6．A．sent B．invited C．refused D．threw 7．A．rule B．talent C．journey D．score 8．A．agreed B．doubted C．minded D．wondered 9．A．if B．so C．but D．because 10．A．believe B．feel C．learn D．describe 四、阅读理解 Once again the Captain’s will won. Silent, the men returned to their posts. But Captain Columbus was worried because he knew in his heart that a day would come when his words would no longer help. Before that day, he would see land. Not an eye closed that night. The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead. Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) once or twice, moving quickly on the horizon, like a fisherman’s boat on the waves. His heart hammered (砰砰直跳). But he dared not cry out, “Land!” “Your eyes are sharp, Alfredo,” he whispered to a young sailor. “Tell me what you see.” Even as he spoke, the light disappeared. “I see nothing.” The sailor stared into the darkness. The light had reappeared. “Look out!” “Ah, yes, yes! A light. Over there.” “Quiet! Are you sure, Alfredo?” “But yes, Captain! It is gone now, yet I saw it.” Surely this was not a trick of the light! Alfredo had seen it too. Somewhere ahead in darkness were human beings and inhabited land. They stood shoulder to trembling shoulder, staring into the dark. Hour after hour passed. The sand-glass under the lantern showed that it was two o’clock in the morning. The other two ships loomed (隐约出现) vaguely and in the east the line of the horizon was clearly defined. Then came a flash of flame (火焰). The long-awaited signal! Land in sight. “Land! Land!” Almost immediately came the ringing cry. There in the west, green and fair, lay an island. Who can tell how Christopher Columbus felt at that moment? The long waiting was at an end. The dream had come true. 1．Where did the story happen? A．On an island. B．On the sea. C．In the west. D．In the Captain’s dream. 2．When did the Captain see a far-off light for the first time? A．At about 10 p.m. B．At about 2 a.m. C．At midnight. D．In the morning. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “Not an eye closed that night”? A．Captain Columbus had slept heavily for the whole night. B．Captain Columbus kept an eye closed that night. C．Captain Columbus had one eye open that night. D．Captain Columbus had been awake for the whole night. 4．During that night, how did Captain Columbus’ feelings change? A．Worried → nervous → excited. B．Scared → curious → happy. C．Afraid → happy → excited. D．Excited → scared → happy. 5．What was Captain Columbus’ dream? A．Finding the human beings in the sea. B．Being saved by other ships. C．Helping his sailors get the light in the darkness. D．Discovering the land on the horizon (地平线). In ancient times, poor families could not afford lamp oil (灯油), so clever people sought out substitutes (替代品). In the Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Che Yin, who was fond of learning, but his father could not buy him lamp oil. Che thought it was a complete waste of time not reading at night, but he had no choice. One summer night, Che suddenly saw many fireflies flickering (闪烁) outdoors, like spots of brightness in the dark. He suddenly had an idea: If many fireflies could be contained together, they might be able to serve as a lamp. So he found a bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and then hung the bag up. Although it was not as bright as a lamp, it was barely enough for reading. Thanks to his love of studying, Che became a senior official later on in his life. As we all know, fireflies cannot survive in the winter. However, throughout history, people have found other creative ways to illuminate (照明) the night. One such person was Sun Kang of the Jin Dynasty, who also considered going to bed early as a waste of time. One night during the winter, Sun Kang woke up from his dream and found some light coming in through the crack of his window. To his surprise, he went out and discovered that it was the moonlight reflected by the snow, which made it much brighter outside than it was indoors. Despite the cold, Sun took his books outside and read under the moonlight. Unsurprisingly, his hard work helped him to become learned, and he got a senior position in the government The stories of Che Yin and Sun Kang are collectively called “light from collected fireflies and reflected by snow”. 1．What do you think of Che Yin’s family? A．It’s rich. B．It’s poor. C．It’s loving. D．It’s caring. 2．What does the first story mainly tell us?          A．Che Yin was hard-working and loved studying. B．Che Yin had no money to buy a lamp. C．Che Yin was a very smart boy. D．Che Yin was creative and could think of many new ideas. 3．What did Che Yin and Sun Kang have in common?   ① Both of them liked reading a lot. ②Both of them liked fireflies. ③They lived in the same dynasty. ④Both of them later became officials in the government.   A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The importance of studying. B．The invention of the lamp by two men. C．Two clever men that loved working in the government. D．Light from collected fireflies and reflected by snow. Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer (探险家). In 1405, he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages (航海). This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America. His travels were so important that they are still studied today. Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countries. In a few years, he built a great fleet (舰队) of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as treasure ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as very large numbers of goods. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia, the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold, silver and silk. At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions(地区). Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement that people still remember him as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world. 1．Why did the emperor order Zheng He to set off on the first voyage? A．To travel around the world with the big fleet of ships. B．To find out whether he was a trusted official or not. C．To look for more valuable treasure in foreign countries. D．To make friends and start business with foreign countries 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Christoper Columbus started the world’s first voyage. B．The treasure ships were made of gold, silver and silk. C．The giraffe from Africa was first seen in China in the 1400s. D．Zheng He reached all the lands in the world on his voyages. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The voyages. B．The cultures. C．The technologies. D．The countries. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The discovery of Zheng He B．The Voyages of Zheng He C．The Trades Around the World D．The Well-Known Ships 根据短文内容，选出填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有一项为多余选项。 Why did ancient Chinese emperors call themselves zhen (朕) or guaren (寡人)? 1 Before the Qin Dynasty, it meant “I” or “me” and everyone from farmers to state rulers could use it. The word can be found in books like Li Sao (The Lament) and Shi Jing (The Book of Songs). However, when the state of Qin defeated all the other six states and unified (统一) China, 2 He made it a rule that zhen could only be used by the emperor himself. Since then, the word has been reserved (保留) only for rulers. 3 In ancient China, emperors took themselves as the “Sons of Heaven”, and believed they had a “Mandate of Heaven (天命)” to rule. However, if the “Son of Heaven” was found to have poor morals (德行)，they would lose the mandate. So, the rulers used the term guaren or guade zhiren (寡德之人), meaning “a person who doesn’t have morality”. In this way, they could show their modesty (谦虚). 4 Modesty is seen as a virtue (美德). Ancient rulers hoped to win people’s hearts by calling themselves guaren. However, historical records show that guaren lost its popularity after the Tang Dynasty. 5 A．We often hear or see it in a history book. B．Chinese emperors also called themselves guaren. C．The emperors of the following dynasties used zhen more often. D．Research shows that the word zhen used to be a first-person pronoun (代词)。 E．In Chinese culture, people should not talk proudly about their own abilities and beliefs. F．Qinshihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, changed how this word could be used. There were many great culture developments in ancient China. There were a lot of great men born in that age. 1 Shang Yang, a great reformer in the Qin State. 2 Before reforming, he put a log (原木) outside the south gate and promised, “Anyone who can move the log to the north gate will get a prize.” No one believed him until a man went up and moved the log to the north gate. Shang Yang really awarded him right away. Once upon a time, an official fell down and lost his consciousness (意识) on the way back home. Everyone believed he’s dead except Bian Que. 3 He touched his weak pulse (脉搏) and said, “He is fine and he will wake up in three days.” Two days later, the official really woke up. Everyone was surprised. Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing, a famous water project expert of the Qin State, is regarded as the most well-known water project in ancient China. It makes water helpful to the people. 4 5 It is said that his music can make the horses look up, listen to his music and stop eating grass. Zhong Ziqi, Bo Ya’s best friend, understood his music deeply. They respected each other. Bo Ya even broke his Guqin and never played it anymore after Ziqi’s death. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Li Bing has made contributions to society. B．He reformed in many fields for the government. C．Here are some examples. D．Bian Que was very smart. E．Bo Ya was a great musician in ancient times. 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 During the Warring States Period, the King of Zhao got the invaluable jade (无价美玉) of Bian He. When the King of Qin learned about it, he offered Zhao fifteen cities for the jade. The King of Zhao feared that they might get nothing in return, yet if he refused, that Qin might attack (攻击) Zhao. Lin Xiangru, who was frank, brave, and intelligent, was sent to Qin with the jade. The King of Qin was pleased when he saw the jade but he did not mention the cities. Lin said, “Your Majesty, there is a tiny flaw (裂痕) on the jade. Could I show it to you?” After he was handed the jade, Lin stepped backward. With his back to a pillar (柱子), he said, “You have no intention (打算) of giving us those cities, so I’ve taken back the jade. If you use force against me, I’ll smash (打碎) my head and the jade against this pillar.” To save the jade, the King of Qin apologized, and then showed Lin the cities on the map. But Lin would not believe him anymore. He ordered his man to secretly take the jade back to Zhao. He himself would stay there and face the King of Qin. Although the King of Qin was furious, he had no better choice but to set Lin free. Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao safely. 1．Was the King of Qin pleased when he saw the jade? 2．What did the King of Qin want to offer for the jade? 3．Why didn’t Lin Xiangru believe the King of Qin? 4．What do you think of Lin Xiangru? Why? Write 30 words or more. 六、书面表达 2024—2025年中国对外免签政策吸引了大量外国友人到中国旅游，他们见证了中国的繁荣和人民幸福生活。一名叫Peter Mandelson的英国网友在社交媒体提出一个问题：中国人有哪些优秀品质（quality）能让国家建设与发展如此迅速？请你给予回复，并结合中国古今名人名事佐证你的观点。 要求： 1、语句规范、通顺： 2、词数不少于100词。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “花木兰代父从军”的故事家喻户晓。请你根据下列汉语提示写一篇不少于60词的英语短文。 从前，有一个女孩儿叫花木兰。她女扮男装，代替父亲参军。在军队里没有人发现她是个女孩儿。她作战非常英勇。战争结束后，她回到了家乡，直到那时她的伙伴们才知道她是女儿身！ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Wise men in history 单元话题热点题型组合练 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 (每空一词)。 Mencius is a great thinker in ancient time. When he was three years old, his father died. His mother 1 (bring) him up alone. His mother was 2 hard-working that she spend all her time on his son. She hoped his son to be a useful person in the future, so she cared about 3 (he) education very much. When their living environment was not good for him, his mother decided to move at once. 4 first, they lived near a cemetery (墓地). “We can’t live here, it’s not good for my son.” said his mother 5 (serious). Then they moved to a place near a market. “It’s too 6 (noise) to study. It is not good for my son to live here.” said his mother once again. At last, they moved to a place near a school. “This place is much 7 (good) for my son, I like it.” his mother said happily. From then on, Mencius was 8 (move) by his mom. He decided to study hard. When he grew up, he became a great Chinese thinker 9 was widely known all over the world. This story tell us a good living environment 10 (play) an important role in our daily life. 【答案】 1．brought 2．so   3．his   4．At   5．seriously   6．noisy   7．better   8．moved   9．who   10．plays 【导语】本文主要讲述了孟子母亲为给孟子创造良好的成长环境三次搬家的故事，说明良好生活环境对人的成长有重要作用。 1．句意：他的母亲独自抚养他。根据前文“When he was three years old, his father died.”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用bring的过去式brought，故填brought。 2．句意：他的母亲如此勤劳，以至于她把所有的时间都花在他儿子身上。根据“...hard-working that she spend all her time on his son”可知，此处是so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，故填so。 3．句意：她希望他的儿子将来成为一个有用的人，所以她非常关心他的教育。空处修饰名词“education”，所以需要he的形容词性物主代词his修饰，故填his。 4．句意：起初，他们住在墓地附近。根据“Then”可知，此处表示先后顺序，所以这里指“起初”，用固定搭配“At first”表示，故填At。 5．句意：“我们不能住在这里，这对我儿子不好。”他的母亲严肃地说。空处修饰动词said，所以用serious的副词seriously，故填seriously。 6．句意：这里太吵闹不适合学习。It’s后接形容词作表语，noise的形容词是noisy“吵闹的”，故填noisy。 7．句意：这个地方对我儿子更好，我喜欢。much修饰比较级，good的比较级是better，故填better。 8．句意：从此，孟子就被他的母亲感动了。根据“was...by”可知，此处是被动语态（be done），所以空处用move的过去分词moved。故填moved。 9．句意：长大后，他成为了一位举世闻名的伟大的中国思想家。空后“...was widely known all over the world”作定语修饰名词thinker，空处在句中作主语，先行词指人，所以用who引导定语从句指代人，故填who。 10．句意：这个故事告诉我们良好的生活环境在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。主语是单数名词，且讲述普遍真理，所以时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式。故填plays。 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to share you a story about him, which is 1 (real) famous among Chinese people. A young boy made a living by 2 (sell) fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. One day he fell asleep on 3 rock after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he found 4 (he) coins were gone. The boy cried because the money was used to pay for the 5 (medicine) treatment of his sick mother. Bao Zheng happened to pass through the market. 6 he found out what happened, he had a wonderful idea. He told everyone in the market to put a coin into a basin (脸盆) filled 7 water. And guess what? When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao Zheng pointed out the man who dropped the coin 8 (steal) the boy’s coins. Bao Zheng explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily products in the market, and the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.” Lots of stories about Bao Zheng were made into some movies, 9 (novel), operas, and so on. Today Bao Zheng is still regarded as one of the 10 (great) officials in history and he is loved by Chinese people. He is truly a legend (传说). 【答案】 1．really 2．selling 3．a 4．his 5．medical 6．After 7．with 8．stole 9．novels 10．greatest 【导语】本文讲述了一个关于包拯（包青天）的故事。他帮助一个小男孩找回被偷的铜币，通过判断油花的方法揪出小偷，显示了他的聪明才智和正义感。 1．句意：今天，我将与你分享一个关于他的故事，这在中国人中非常有名。根据“famous among Chinese people”可知，空处修饰形容词famous，应用“really”，表示“非常，的确”。故填really。 2．句意：一个小男孩通过卖油条谋生。介词“by”后跟动名词。故填selling。 3．句意：一天，他在得到100文铜钱后，在一块石头上睡着了。空处泛指“一块石头”，“rock”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。 4．句意：他发现他的硬币不见了。空处修饰名词“coins ”，此处应填形容词性物主代词“his”，表示“他的”。故填his。 5．句意：男孩哭了，因为这些钱是用来支付他生病的母亲的药费的。空处修饰名词“treatment”，需用形容词medical，表示“医疗的”。故填medical。 6．句意：得知发生了什么后，他想出了一个绝妙的主意。根据“he found out what happened”可知，此处是指在他得知发生了什么后，想出了一个主意，after“在……之后”，引导时间状语从句。故填After。 7．句意：他告诉市场上的每个人把一枚硬币放入装满水的脸盆中。fill with表示“装有”。故填with。 8．句意：当一枚硬币在水中形成油花时，包拯指出扔硬币的人偷走了男孩的硬币根据“the man who dropped the coin”可知，此处是宾语从句，the man是从句主语，从句缺少谓语动词，结合“Bao Zheng pointed out the man”可知，本句是一般过去时。故填stole。 9．句意：许多关于包拯的故事被改编成电影、小说、戏剧等。novel“小说”，可数名词；some后跟可数名词复数。故填novels。 10．句意：今天，包拯仍然被视为历史上最伟大的官员之一，并受到中国人民的喜爱。one of+the+最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”。故填greatest。 二、语法选择 Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei get to Zhuge Liang’s cottage (茅舍) in the west of Xiangyang. Then, Liu Bei knocks at the door by 1 . A boy opens it and says, “My master is sleeping in his room. 2 a minute and I’m going to report to him.” Liu Bei answers 3 , “Please don’t disturb him. We’ll wait until he 4 up.” Then they stand outside the door of the cottage, waiting 5 silence. After a while, Zhang Fei has 6 patience and shouts. “Hasn’t he woken yet? My brother has been standing there for such a long time. I will see 7 he gets up or not if I set a fire behind his cottage.” Liu Bei stops him right away and asks him 8 respect. Upon hearing this, the boy responds, “I will go and wake up my master.” Liu Bei stops him immediately, “No, please don’t. It doesn’t matter that we wait a little 9 .” Then, it really takes some time 10 Zhuge Liang gets up and knows what happens outside. Eventually, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei 11 into the cottage. Liu Bei says, “I’m lucky to meet you on my third visit.” Zhuge Liang answers, “I’m simply 12 ordinary person. I doubt that I am well worth you visiting me three times.” Liu Bei smiles, “I know you 13 rule a country. To be honest, I would like to recover the Han Dynasty, 14 I have little talent. Are you willing to help me realize this dream?” Zhuge Liang is 15 deeply moved by his action that he agrees to work for him and helps him build their country. 1．A．he B．him C．himself D．his 2．A．Waiting B．Waits C．Wait D．Waited 3．A．polite B．politely C．politer D．politest 4．A．wake B．wakes C．woke D．waking 5．A．of B．for C．in D．with 6．A．little B．a little C．few D．a few 7．A．that B．what C．when D．whether 8．A．show B．shows C．to show D．showing 9．A．long B．longer C．longest D．the longest 10．A．before B．since C．unless D．if 11．A．invite B．is inviting C．are inviting D．are invited 12．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 13．A．need B．can C．should D．must 14．A．and B．but C．because D．so 15．A．too B．such C．such a D．so 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文主要介绍三顾茅庐的故事。 1．句意：然后，刘备自己敲门。 he他；him他；himself他自己；his他的。by oneself“独自”，是固定词组。故选C。 2．句意：等一下，我要向他报告。 Waiting等待，现在分词或动名词；Waits等待，三单形式；Wait等待，动词原形；Waited等待，过去时或过去分词。分析句子结构可知，此句为祈使句，用动词原形。故选C。 3．句意：刘备礼貌地回答：“请不要打扰他。我们等他醒过来。”。 polite有礼貌的；politely有礼貌地；politer更有礼貌的；politest最有礼貌的。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词形式，作状语，修饰动词“answers”。故选B。 4．句意：我们等他醒过来。 wake醒，动词原形；wakes醒，三单形式；woke醒，过去式或过去分词；waking醒，现在分词或动名词。until引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，空处所在句的主语为“he”，用三单形式。故选B。 5．句意：然后，他们站在茅庐门外，默默地等待着。 of……的；for为了；in在……里面；with和。in silence“安静地”，是固定词组。故选C。 6．句意：过了一会儿，张飞没什么耐心，大叫起来。 little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little少许，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词的复数形式；a few有一些，修饰可数名词的复数形式。根据“and shouts”可知，张飞没什么耐心，patience“耐心”，为不可数名词。故选A。 7．句意：如果我在他茅庐后面生火，我会看看他是否起床。 that，引导宾语从句时，无词义，不充当成分；what什么；when什么时候；whether是否。whether…or not“是否……”，是固定搭配。故选D。 8．句意：刘备立刻拦住他，让他表示尊重。 show表现，动词原形；shows表现，三单形式；to show表现，不定式；showing表现，现在分词或动名词。ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，是固定词组。故选C。 9．句意：我们再等一会儿也没关系。 long长；longer更长；longest最长；the longest最长，the+最高级。根据空前的“a little”为比较级的修饰语可知，此处用比较级形式。故选B。 10．句意：然后，诸葛亮真的需要一段时间才能起床，知道外面发生了什么。 before在……之前；since自从；unless除非；if如果。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此处为“‌It takes some time before‌…”结构，表示“在……之前要花一段时间”，是固定词组。故选A。 11．句意：最终，刘备、关羽和张飞被邀请进了茅庐。 invite邀请，动词原形；is inviting正在邀请，三单形式；are inviting正在邀请，复数形式；are invited被邀请。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。故选D。 12．句意：我只是一个普通人。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，空后的“ordinary”是以元音音素开头的单词，用an。故选B。 13．句意：我知道你可以统治一个国家。 need需要； can可以，能够；should应该；must必须。根据“I know you …rule a country.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处表示能力，B项符合。故选B。 14．句意：说实话，我想恢复汉朝，但我没有什么天赋。 and和；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据空前“I would like to recover the Han Dynasty”和空后“I have little talent”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，but符合。故选B。 15．句意：诸葛亮深受感动，同意为他工作，帮助他建设国家。 too太；such那样的；such a这样一个；so如此。根据空后的“deeply moved by his action that…”并结合语境可知，此处为so…that…引导的结果状语从句。故选D。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 During the Han dynasty, there was a general (将军) named Ban Chao. One day, he was sent to visit Shanshan state (鄯善国)-near modern Xinjiang in the west. The 1 of Ban’s trip was to establish (建立) good relations with the state. He brought only about 30 soldiers with him. The Shanshan king met them kindly and treated them well. At that time there was a nation called Xiongnu or Hun in the north. It often fought 2 Han’s army. A few days later, Xiongnu also sent messengers (使者) with lots of soldiers to the state. They spoke 3 of Ban to the king of Shanshan. The king began to show a cold attitude (态度) towards Ban’s group. When Ban saw this, he said to his soldiers, “The Shanshan king is 4 treating us in a friendly way any longer. If we don’t do anything, he may 5 us over to the Huns. If so, we will neither be able to complete our task 6 return alive.” The general said, “The Huns have 7 soldiers than we do and the Shanshan king must support them. So we have no choice but 8 all of the soldiers at the Huns army camp when they slept.” At night, Ban led his soldiers 9 to the Huns’ camp. There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly. The Hun soldiers were very 10 . After a fierce battle (激战), Ban’s army killed more than 100 enemies. The king admired (钦佩) Ban’s bravery and feared Ban at the same time. He immediately signed a peace treaty (条约) with Ban. 1．A．experience B．purpose C．trouble D．method 2．A．for B．with C．behind D．against 3．A．highly B．warmly C．badly D．coldly 4．A．often B．always C．never D．hardly 5．A．hand B．take C．get D．pass 6．A．nor B．or C．but D．and 7．A．less B．more C．fewer D．weaker 8．A．kill B．save C．to save D．to kill 9．A．quickly B．secretly C．slowly D．happily 10．A．relaxed B．excited C．frightened D．interested 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了班超带兵出使鄯善国，在鄯善国智取匈奴国并得到了鄯善国国王的钦佩，成功与鄯善国签订了条约。 1．句意：班超此行的目的是与此国家建立良好关系。 experience经验；purpose目的；trouble麻烦；method方法。根据“to establish (建立) good relations with the state.”可知，目的是建立良好关系。故选B。 2．句意：它经常与汉的军队作战。 for为了；with和；behind在……后面；against与……作对。fight against“作战”，固定搭配。故选D。 3．句意：他们对鄯善国国王说班的坏话。 highly赞赏地；warmly 热情地；badly糟糕地；coldly冷漠地。根据“The king began to show a cold attitude (态度) towards Ban’s group.”可知，他们对鄯善国国王说班的坏话。故选C。 4．句意：当班看到这一幕时，他对士兵们说：“鄯善国王再也不友好地对待我们了。” often经常；always总是；never从不；hardly几乎不。根据“The king began to show a cold attitude (态度) towards Ban’s group.”可知，应表达鄯善国国王再也不友好地对待我们了。故选C。 5．句意：如果我们什么都不做，他可能会把我们交给匈奴。 hand交；take拿走；get得到；pass通过。hand...over...“把……交给……”，固定搭配。故选A。 6．句意：如果这样，我们既不能完成任务也不能活着回来。 nor也不；or或者；but但是；and和。neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，固定搭配。故选A。 7．句意：将军说：“匈奴人的兵力比我们多鄯善王一定会支持他们。” less更少的；more更多的；fewer更少的；weaker更弱的。根据“He brought only about 30 soldiers with him.”及“Xiongnu also sent messengers (使者) with lots of soldiers to the state. ”可知，匈奴的士兵比我们多。故选B。 8．句意：所以我们别无选择只能在匈奴军营的所有士兵睡觉时杀死他们。 kill杀；save救；to save救，不定式；to kill杀，不定式。根据“the Shanshan king must support them”可知，是必须要杀死匈奴，have no choice but to do sth“别无选择只能做某事”，用不定式形式。故选D。 9．句意：晚上，班带领他的士兵秘密前往匈奴的营地。 quickly快速地；secretly秘密地；slowly缓慢地；happily幸福地。根据“So we have no choice but to kill all of the soldiers at the Huns army camp when they slept.”可知，是秘密地前往匈奴的营地。故选B。 10．句意：匈奴士兵非常害怕。 relaxed放松的；excited兴奋的；frightened害怕的；interested感兴趣的。根据“he set fire and beat the war drums loudly.”可知，匈奴士兵非常害怕。故选C。 阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a(n) 1 of the ideal (理想的) Chinese friendship. Here is the story. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played the musical instrument guqin very well. Unluckily, few people could 2 his music. One day, Boya went traveling by boat. On his way, he met with a big 3 and stopped the boat by the riverside. When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery (景色), he was very 4 . So he took out his guqin and began to play. As he was throwing himself into playing music, he 5 noticed that somebody was listening to him by the riverside. That person was Zhong Ziqi. Boya 6 him to his boat and played for him. He played one tune (曲子) that described the high mountain and the running water. Zhong understood it and respected Boya for his musical 7 . Boya was very excited, and said, “Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!” They 8 that they would meet again in the same place the next year. The following year, Boya arrived on time, 9 he didn’t see Zhong. Later he learned that his friend had died of an illness. Yu felt so sad that he broke his qin and never played it again. From then on, people use “High Mountains and Flowing Water” to 10 valuable friendship between people. True friendship isn’t about who the people are, or how long they’ve known each other, instead, it is about people who can truly understand each other. 1．A．rule B．part C．example D．character 2．A．forget B．believe C．realize D．understand 3．A．rain B．boat C．instrument D．fish 4．A．bored B．excited C．proud D．sad 5．A．suddenly B．luckily C．carefully D．slowly 6．A．sent B．invited C．refused D．threw 7．A．rule B．talent C．journey D．score 8．A．agreed B．doubted C．minded D．wondered 9．A．if B．so C．but D．because 10．A．believe B．feel C．learn D．describe 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述的是俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。 1．句意：他们的友谊是理想的中国友谊的一个例子。 rule规则；part部分；example例子；character角色。根据“Their friendship”以及“of the ideal (理想的) Chinese friendship.”可知，应该说他们的友谊是理想的中国友谊的一个例子。故选C。 2．句意：不幸的是，很少有人能理解他的音乐。 forget忘记；believe相信；realize意识到；understand理解。根据“Unluckily, few people could”可知，是很少有人理解他的音乐。故选D。 3．句意：途中，他遇到了一场大雨，把船停在河边。 rain雨；boat船；instrument乐器；fish鱼。根据“and stopped the boat by the riverside.”以及后文提到的“When the rain stopped”可知，应该说他遇到了大雨。故选A。 4．句意：当雨停了，看到美丽的风景，他很兴奋，所以他拿出他的古琴，开始演奏。 bored无聊的；excited兴奋的；proud骄傲的；sad悲伤的。根据“seeing the beautiful scenery (景色), he was very”可知，应该说他很兴奋。故选B。 5．句意：正当他全神贯注地演奏音乐时，他突然注意到河边有人在听他演奏。 suddenly突然；luckily幸运地；carefully仔细地；slowly慢慢地。根据“As he was throwing himself into playing music”以及“noticed that somebody was listening to him by the riverside.”并结合语境可知，这里指的伯牙正在弹奏的时候，突然注意到河边有人在听他演奏。故选A。 6．句意：伯牙邀请他到自己的船上为他演奏。 sent发送；invited邀请；refused拒绝；threw扔。根据“him to his boat and played for him.”可知，设空处应该说邀请他到船上来。故选B。 7．句意：钟理解这一点，并尊重伯牙的音乐天赋。 rule规则；talent天赋；journey旅程；score分数。根据“Zhong understood it and respected Boya for his musical ”可知，指的是钟子期尊重他的音乐天赋。故选B。 8．句意：他们商定明年在同一个地方再见面。 agree商定；doubted怀疑；minded介意；wondered想知道。根据“that they would meet again in the same place the next year.”可知，他们商定明年在同一个地方再见面。故选A。 9．句意：第二年，伯牙准时到了，但没有见到钟。 if如果；so因此；but但是；because因为。根据“Boya arrived on time”以及“he didn’t see Zhong”可知，设空处前后文语境发生了转折，故选C。 10．句意：从那时起，人们就用“高山流水”来形容人与人之间宝贵的友谊。 believe相信；feel感觉；learn学习；describe描述。根据“valuable friendship between people.”可知，这里指的“高山流水”来描述人之间宝贵的友谊。故选D。 四、阅读理解 Once again the Captain’s will won. Silent, the men returned to their posts. But Captain Columbus was worried because he knew in his heart that a day would come when his words would no longer help. Before that day, he would see land. Not an eye closed that night. The Captain stood on the high poop (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead. Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) once or twice, moving quickly on the horizon, like a fisherman’s boat on the waves. His heart hammered (砰砰直跳). But he dared not cry out, “Land!” “Your eyes are sharp, Alfredo,” he whispered to a young sailor. “Tell me what you see.” Even as he spoke, the light disappeared. “I see nothing.” The sailor stared into the darkness. The light had reappeared. “Look out!” “Ah, yes, yes! A light. Over there.” “Quiet! Are you sure, Alfredo?” “But yes, Captain! It is gone now, yet I saw it.” Surely this was not a trick of the light! Alfredo had seen it too. Somewhere ahead in darkness were human beings and inhabited land. They stood shoulder to trembling shoulder, staring into the dark. Hour after hour passed. The sand-glass under the lantern showed that it was two o’clock in the morning. The other two ships loomed (隐约出现) vaguely and in the east the line of the horizon was clearly defined. Then came a flash of flame (火焰). The long-awaited signal! Land in sight. “Land! Land!” Almost immediately came the ringing cry. There in the west, green and fair, lay an island. Who can tell how Christopher Columbus felt at that moment? The long waiting was at an end. The dream had come true. 1．Where did the story happen? A．On an island. B．On the sea. C．In the west. D．In the Captain’s dream. 2．When did the Captain see a far-off light for the first time? A．At about 10 p.m. B．At about 2 a.m. C．At midnight. D．In the morning. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “Not an eye closed that night”? A．Captain Columbus had slept heavily for the whole night. B．Captain Columbus kept an eye closed that night. C．Captain Columbus had one eye open that night. D．Captain Columbus had been awake for the whole night. 4．During that night, how did Captain Columbus’ feelings change? A．Worried → nervous → excited. B．Scared → curious → happy. C．Afraid → happy → excited. D．Excited → scared → happy. 5．What was Captain Columbus’ dream? A．Finding the human beings in the sea. B．Being saved by other ships. C．Helping his sailors get the light in the darkness. D．Discovering the land on the horizon (地平线). 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了哥伦布船长在航行中发现陆地的过程及其心理变化。 1．推理判断题。根据“The Captain stood on the high poop”和“he whispered to a young sailor.”可知，有船尾楼甲板和水手，主角应是在船上，推测故事发生在海上。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Then, two hours before midnight, the miracle happened. A far-off light struck his eyes.”可知，第一次看到光的时间是午夜前两小时，即晚上10点左右。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“with sleepless eyes he tried hard to look into the darkness ahead.”可知，船长睁着不眠的双眼，由此可知这个句子是指船长彻夜未眠。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“But Captain Columbus was worried”可知，船长先是担忧；根据第四段“His heart hammered (砰砰直跳).”可知，船长心砰砰直跳，说明他很紧张；根据最后一句“The dream had come true.”可知，梦想实现了，推测他会很兴奋。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“The long-awaited signal! Land in sight.”可知，他们等待许久就是为了看到陆地，由此可知哥伦布的梦想是发现陆地。故选D。 In ancient times, poor families could not afford lamp oil (灯油), so clever people sought out substitutes (替代品). In the Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Che Yin, who was fond of learning, but his father could not buy him lamp oil. Che thought it was a complete waste of time not reading at night, but he had no choice. One summer night, Che suddenly saw many fireflies flickering (闪烁) outdoors, like spots of brightness in the dark. He suddenly had an idea: If many fireflies could be contained together, they might be able to serve as a lamp. So he found a bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and then hung the bag up. Although it was not as bright as a lamp, it was barely enough for reading. Thanks to his love of studying, Che became a senior official later on in his life. As we all know, fireflies cannot survive in the winter. However, throughout history, people have found other creative ways to illuminate (照明) the night. One such person was Sun Kang of the Jin Dynasty, who also considered going to bed early as a waste of time. One night during the winter, Sun Kang woke up from his dream and found some light coming in through the crack of his window. To his surprise, he went out and discovered that it was the moonlight reflected by the snow, which made it much brighter outside than it was indoors. Despite the cold, Sun took his books outside and read under the moonlight. Unsurprisingly, his hard work helped him to become learned, and he got a senior position in the government The stories of Che Yin and Sun Kang are collectively called “light from collected fireflies and reflected by snow”. 1．What do you think of Che Yin’s family? A．It’s rich. B．It’s poor. C．It’s loving. D．It’s caring. 2．What does the first story mainly tell us?          A．Che Yin was hard-working and loved studying. B．Che Yin had no money to buy a lamp. C．Che Yin was a very smart boy. D．Che Yin was creative and could think of many new ideas. 3．What did Che Yin and Sun Kang have in common?   ① Both of them liked reading a lot. ②Both of them liked fireflies. ③They lived in the same dynasty. ④Both of them later became officials in the government.   A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The importance of studying. B．The invention of the lamp by two men. C．Two clever men that loved working in the government. D．Light from collected fireflies and reflected by snow. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了晋朝的两位人物车胤和孙康如何克服困难，利用自然光源坚持学习的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In ancient times, poor families could not afford lamp oil, so clever people sought out substitutes. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Che Yin, who was fond of learning, but his father could not buy him lamp oil.”可知，车胤的家庭是贫穷的。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和第二段“Che thought it was a complete waste of time not reading at night, but he had no choice. One summer night, Che suddenly saw many fireflies flickering outdoors, like spots of brightness in the dark. He suddenly had an idea: If many fireflies could be contained together, they might be able to serve as a lamp. So he found a bag, caught as many fireflies as he could, and then hung the bag up. Although it was not as bright as a lamp, it was barely enough for reading. Thanks to his love of studying, Che became a senior official later on in his life.”可知，车胤是一个勤奋且热爱学习的人。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Che Yin, who was fond of learning” 以及 “Sun Kang, who also considered going to bed early as a waste of time” 可知两人都非常喜欢读书，所以①正确。文章仅提及车胤利用萤火虫照明，未表明孙康喜欢萤火虫，所以②错误。文中明确提到车胤和孙康都是晋朝人，所以③正确。根据“Che became a senior official later on in his life”以及“he got a senior position in the government”表明两人后来都在政府担任高官，所以④正确。综上，①③④正确。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章第四段“The stories of Che Yin and Sun Kang are collectively called ‘light from collected fireflies and reflected by snow’.”可知，最佳标题是“囊萤映雪”。故选D。 Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer (探险家). In 1405, he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages (航海). This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America. His travels were so important that they are still studied today. Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countries. In a few years, he built a great fleet (舰队) of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as treasure ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as very large numbers of goods. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia, the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold, silver and silk. At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions(地区). Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement that people still remember him as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world. 1．Why did the emperor order Zheng He to set off on the first voyage? A．To travel around the world with the big fleet of ships. B．To find out whether he was a trusted official or not. C．To look for more valuable treasure in foreign countries. D．To make friends and start business with foreign countries 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Christoper Columbus started the world’s first voyage. B．The treasure ships were made of gold, silver and silk. C．The giraffe from Africa was first seen in China in the 1400s. D．Zheng He reached all the lands in the world on his voyages. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The voyages. B．The cultures. C．The technologies. D．The countries. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The discovery of Zheng He B．The Voyages of Zheng He C．The Trades Around the World D．The Well-Known Ships 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了郑和下西洋的故事。郑和七下西洋，加强了中国以外地区的交流和贸易，也促进了文化的交流和发展，意义重大。 1．细节理解题。根据“The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countries.”可知，皇帝派郑和开启第一次航行的原因是因为要发展与其他国家的关系以及建立与其他国家的贸易路线。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia, the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa.”和“At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa.”可知，从1405年到1433年，郑和七下西洋，到过东南亚、中东甚至非洲东海岸。每次航行结束时，郑和都会把许多第一次见到的东西带回中国，比如来自非洲的长颈鹿；由此判断来自非洲的长颈鹿首次出现在中国是在15世纪。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions (地区).”可推知，划线单词“they”指代的是郑和的航行。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了郑和下西洋的故事。选项B“郑和的航行”，符合文意。故选B。 根据短文内容，选出填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有一项为多余选项。 Why did ancient Chinese emperors call themselves zhen (朕) or guaren (寡人)? 1 Before the Qin Dynasty, it meant “I” or “me” and everyone from farmers to state rulers could use it. The word can be found in books like Li Sao (The Lament) and Shi Jing (The Book of Songs). However, when the state of Qin defeated all the other six states and unified (统一) China, 2 He made it a rule that zhen could only be used by the emperor himself. Since then, the word has been reserved (保留) only for rulers. 3 In ancient China, emperors took themselves as the “Sons of Heaven”, and believed they had a “Mandate of Heaven (天命)” to rule. However, if the “Son of Heaven” was found to have poor morals (德行)，they would lose the mandate. So, the rulers used the term guaren or guade zhiren (寡德之人), meaning “a person who doesn’t have morality”. In this way, they could show their modesty (谦虚). 4 Modesty is seen as a virtue (美德). Ancient rulers hoped to win people’s hearts by calling themselves guaren. However, historical records show that guaren lost its popularity after the Tang Dynasty. 5 A．We often hear or see it in a history book. B．Chinese emperors also called themselves guaren. C．The emperors of the following dynasties used zhen more often. D．Research shows that the word zhen used to be a first-person pronoun (代词)。 E．In Chinese culture, people should not talk proudly about their own abilities and beliefs. F．Qinshihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, changed how this word could be used. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了古代中国皇帝自称“朕”和“寡人”的原因及其历史背景。 1．根据后文“Before the Qin Dynasty, it meant “I” or “me” and everyone from farmers to state rulers could use it.”可知，这里在说“朕”这个词以前的含义，D选项“研究表明‘朕’这个词曾经是第一人称代词”符合语境，引出下文对“朕”过去用法的介绍。故选D。 2．根据前文“However, when the state of Qin defeated all the other six states and unified (统一) China,”以及后文“He made it a rule that zhen could only be used by the emperor himself.”可知，这里说的是秦朝统一后秦始皇对“朕”这个词用法的改变，F选项“中国历史上的第一个皇帝秦始皇改变了这个词的使用方式”符合语境。故选F。 3．前文介绍了“朕”的情况，后文开始介绍“寡人”，B选项“中国皇帝也自称寡人”起到了承上启下的作用，引出对“寡人”的介绍。故选B。 4．根据前文“So, the rulers used the term guaren or guade zhiren (寡德之人), meaning “a person who doesn’t have morality”. In this way, they could show their modesty (谦虚).”可知，这里在说皇帝用“寡人”来表示谦虚的原因，E选项“在中国文化中，人们不应该骄傲地谈论自己的能力和信仰”解释了谦虚在中国文化中的意义，符合语境。故选E。 5．根据前文“However, historical records show that guaren lost its popularity after the Tang Dynasty.”可知，这里在说“寡人”在唐朝后的情况，C选项“之后朝代的皇帝更多地使用‘朕’”承接上文，说明了“寡人”不那么流行后，“朕”的使用情况。故选C。 There were many great culture developments in ancient China. There were a lot of great men born in that age. 1 Shang Yang, a great reformer in the Qin State. 2 Before reforming, he put a log (原木) outside the south gate and promised, “Anyone who can move the log to the north gate will get a prize.” No one believed him until a man went up and moved the log to the north gate. Shang Yang really awarded him right away. Once upon a time, an official fell down and lost his consciousness (意识) on the way back home. Everyone believed he’s dead except Bian Que. 3 He touched his weak pulse (脉搏) and said, “He is fine and he will wake up in three days.” Two days later, the official really woke up. Everyone was surprised. Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing, a famous water project expert of the Qin State, is regarded as the most well-known water project in ancient China. It makes water helpful to the people. 4 5 It is said that his music can make the horses look up, listen to his music and stop eating grass. Zhong Ziqi, Bo Ya’s best friend, understood his music deeply. They respected each other. Bo Ya even broke his Guqin and never played it anymore after Ziqi’s death. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Li Bing has made contributions to society. B．He reformed in many fields for the government. C．Here are some examples. D．Bian Que was very smart. E．Bo Ya was a great musician in ancient times. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了古代中国的一些伟大人物及其成就或事迹。 1．根所上文“There were many great culture developments in ancient China. There were a lot of great men born in that age.”可知，古代中国有很多伟大的文化发展以及诞生了很多伟人，而下文开始列举商鞅、扁鹊、李冰、伯牙等人的事例，所以此处应用一句起到承上启下的过渡作用，引出下文具体事例的介绍；选项C“这里有一些例子。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据上文“Shang Yang, a great reformer in the Qin State.”可知，商鞅是秦国的伟大改革家，那么此处应该介绍他进行改革的相关内容；选项B“他为政府在很多领域进行了改革。”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据上文“Everyone believed he’s dead except Bian Que.”以及下文“He touched his weak pulse and said, ‘He is fine and he will wake up in three days.’ Two days later, the official really woke up. Everyone was surprised.”可知，大家都认为那位官员死了，只有扁鹊不这么认为，后文讲述了扁鹊通过摸脉搏判断官员情况并准确预言其会醒来的事，所以此处是指扁鹊很聪明；选项D“扁鹊非常聪明。”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据上文“Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing, a famous water project expert of the Qin State, is regarded as the most well-known water project in ancient China. It makes water helpful to the people.”可知，前文介绍了李冰修建都江堰这一著名水利工程以及其对人们的益处，那么此处应该是对李冰贡献的总结；选项A“李冰为社会做出了贡献。”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据下文“It is said that his music can make the horses look up, listen to his music and stop eating grass. Zhong Ziqi, Bo Ya’s best friend, understood his music deeply.”可知，后文提到伯牙的音乐能让马抬头、听音乐且停止吃草，还有他与钟子期的知音故事等，所以此处开头应是介绍伯牙是古代伟大的音乐家；选项E“伯牙在古代是一位伟大的音乐家。”符合语境。故选E。 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。 During the Warring States Period, the King of Zhao got the invaluable jade (无价美玉) of Bian He. When the King of Qin learned about it, he offered Zhao fifteen cities for the jade. The King of Zhao feared that they might get nothing in return, yet if he refused, that Qin might attack (攻击) Zhao. Lin Xiangru, who was frank, brave, and intelligent, was sent to Qin with the jade. The King of Qin was pleased when he saw the jade but he did not mention the cities. Lin said, “Your Majesty, there is a tiny flaw (裂痕) on the jade. Could I show it to you?” After he was handed the jade, Lin stepped backward. With his back to a pillar (柱子), he said, “You have no intention (打算) of giving us those cities, so I’ve taken back the jade. If you use force against me, I’ll smash (打碎) my head and the jade against this pillar.” To save the jade, the King of Qin apologized, and then showed Lin the cities on the map. But Lin would not believe him anymore. He ordered his man to secretly take the jade back to Zhao. He himself would stay there and face the King of Qin. Although the King of Qin was furious, he had no better choice but to set Lin free. Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao safely. 1．Was the King of Qin pleased when he saw the jade? 2．What did the King of Qin want to offer for the jade? 3．Why didn’t Lin Xiangru believe the King of Qin? 4．What do you think of Lin Xiangru? Why? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．Yes./Yes, he was. 2．He wanted to offer Zhao fifteen cities for the jade. 3．Because the King of Qin did not mention the cities when he saw the jade./Because the King of Qin had no intention of giving those cities. 4．He was frank, brave, and intelligent. Because he was so brave and intelligent that he was sent to Qin with the jade. He ordered his man to secretly take the jade back to Zhao. He stayed there and faced the King of Qin. Finally, he returned to Zhao safely, I want to learn from him and be a person like him. (开放性作答，言之有理即可。) 【导语】本文主要介绍了蔺相如完璧归赵的故事。 1．根据“The King of Qin was pleased when he saw the jade but he did not mention the cities.”可知，秦王看到和氏璧时很开心，作肯定回答。故填Yes./Yes, he was. 2．根据“When the King of Qin learned about it, he offered Zhao fifteen cities for the jade.”可知，秦王想要用十五座城池献给赵国换和氏壁。故填He wanted to offer Zhao fifteen cities for the jade. 3．根据“The King of Qin was pleased when he saw the jade but he did not mention the cites,”可知，秦王看到和氏壁时并没有提到城池，即不打算把这些城池给赵国，故填Because the King of Qin did not mention the cities when he saw the jade./Because the King of Qin had no intention of giving those cities. 4．开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案为He was frank, brave, and intelligent. Because he was so brave and intelligent that he was sent to Qin with the jade. He ordered his man to secretly take the jade back to Zhao. He stayed there and faced the King of Qin. Finally, he returned to Zhao safely, I want to learn from him and be a person like him. 六、书面表达 2024—2025年中国对外免签政策吸引了大量外国友人到中国旅游，他们见证了中国的繁荣和人民幸福生活。一名叫Peter Mandelson的英国网友在社交媒体提出一个问题：中国人有哪些优秀品质（quality）能让国家建设与发展如此迅速？请你给予回复，并结合中国古今名人名事佐证你的观点。 要求： 1、语句规范、通顺： 2、词数不少于100词。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Chinese people’s qualities of diligence, unity and innovation have greatly contributed to our nation’s development. Firstly, diligence has been our tradition since ancient times. Yu the Great spent 13 years controlling floods by working day and night, which laid the foundation for agricultural civilization. Scientist Yuan Longping kept researching hybrid rice for decades to ensure food security. Secondly, unity helps us overcome challenges. During the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of medical workers and volunteers worked together to protect public health. This collective spirit mirrors ancient philosopher Confucius’ teaching: “Harmony is precious.” Finally, innovation drives progress. Modern China’s high-speed railway development, inspired by ancient compass invention, has built the world’s largest bullet train network. Scientist Tu Youyou’s discovery of artemisinin followed traditional Chinese medicine wisdom. These qualities passed down through generations continue to shape China’s development. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：主要为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：考生应注意结合具体语境使用正确的时态，适当发挥，使上下文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，说明中国人具有哪些能让国家建设与发展如此迅速的优秀品质； 第二步，结合中国古今名人名事佐证你的观点； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①diligence勤奋 ②unity团结一致 ③innovation创新，改革 ④overcome克服 [高分句型] Yu the Great spent 13 years controlling floods by working day and night, which laid the foundation for agricultural civilization.（which引导的非限制性定语从句） “花木兰代父从军”的故事家喻户晓。请你根据下列汉语提示写一篇不少于60词的英语短文。 从前，有一个女孩儿叫花木兰。她女扮男装，代替父亲参军。在军队里没有人发现她是个女孩儿。她作战非常英勇。战争结束后，她回到了家乡，直到那时她的伙伴们才知道她是女儿身！ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Once upon a time, there was a girl called Hua Mulan. Her father was too old to go out to the battle, so she joined the army instead of her father. In the army, no one noticed that she was a girl. She fought very bravely. After the war, she returned to her hometown and until then her partners knew she was a girl. What a nice girl! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③提示：根据汉语提示进行写作，注意语句连贯，表达清晰。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开门见山，介绍曾经有一个女孩叫花木兰； 第二步，具体介绍花木兰的事迹； 第三步，书写结语，表达对花木兰的评价。 [亮点词汇] ①once upon a time从前 ②instead of代替 ③until then直到那时 [高分句型] ①Her father was too old to go out to the battle, so she joined the army instead of her father.（so连接的并列句） ②In the army, no one noticed that she was a girl.（that引导宾语从句） ③What a nice girl!（感叹句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $