Unit 8 Safe and sound(知识清单)英语译林版2024八年级上册

2025-11-24
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 8 Safe and sound
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 170 KB
发布时间 2025-11-24
更新时间 2025-09-08
作者 王多拿
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2025-09-08
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Unit 8 Safe and sound 一、单元词汇 单词 1.sound adj. 健康的,无损伤的 2.emergency n. 紧急情况 3.situation n. 情况 4.lightning n. 闪电 5.office n. 办公室,办公楼 6.homeless adj. 无家可归的 7.coach n. 长途汽车 8.road n. 道路 9.accident n. 事故 10.terrible adj. 可怕的 11.state n. 状态,情况 12.fireman n. (pl. firemen) 消防员 13.traffic n. 交通 14.shake n., vi. & vt. 摇动 15.thunder n. 雷声 16.shout vi. & n. 呼喊,喊叫 17.fear n. 恐惧,害怕 18.direction n. 方向 19.silent adj. 安静的 20.nervous adj. 焦虑的;胆怯的 21.beat vi. & vt. (使) 规律作响或运动;用力敲打 22.calm vi. & vt. (使) 平静,(使) 镇静 23.since conj. 因为,既然 24.weak adj. 虚弱的 25.voice n. 嗓音,说话声,唱歌声 26.except prep. (=except for) 除… 之外 27.smoke n. 烟 28.burn vi. 着火;vt. & vi. (使) 烧毁,烧伤 29.heavily adv. 大量地 30.guess vt. & vi. 猜测,估计 31.hat n. (常指带檐的) 帽子 32.clear vt. 清除,清理 33.policeman n. (pl. policemen) (男) 警察 34.ache n. & vi. 疼痛 35.postman n. (pl. postmen) 邮递员 36.airport n. 机场 37.passport n. 护照 38.close adj. 差一点儿,险些 39.report vi. & vt. 报道;汇报 40.including prep. 包括… 在内 41.sign n. 标牌,指示牌 42.avoid vt. 避免,防止 43.wound n. 伤,伤口 44.bleed vi. 流血,失血 45.press vt. & vi. 按,压 46.warn vt. & vi. 警告,告诫 短语 1.safe and sound 安然无恙 2.in all directions 四处,到处 3.say to oneself 暗想;自言自语 4.calm down (使) 平静 5.in fear 恐惧地,害怕地 6.so far 迄今为止 7.right away 立即,马上 8.put out 扑灭;熄灭 9.natural disaster 自然灾害 10.deal with 处理;应对 11.in terrible state 处于糟糕的状态 12.off road 离开道路 13.wash away 冲走;冲垮 14.a slight shake 一阵轻微的摇晃 15.not... at all 一点也不;根本不 16.anyone else 其他人;别的任何人 17.cry out 呼喊;大声喊叫 18.in a weak voice 用虚弱的声音 19.move away 移开;离开 句型 1.Power cut leaves thousands without heating. 停电让数千人无法取暖。 2.The fog was so thick that drivers couldn’t see more than a metre in front of them. 雾太大了,司机们看不到前方一米以外的东西。 3.I was working when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在工作。 4.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down. 外面,人们四处奔跑,与此同时玻璃碎片和砖块像雨点一样落下。 5.I couldn’t see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was around me. 我什么也看不见,也不知道身边是否还有其他人。 6.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 一瞬间的恐惧掠过我的脑海,但我告诉自己要冷静,因为我还活着。 7.The storm hit at about 9 p.m., and some people were trapped in their cars. 暴风雨大约在晚上 9 点来袭,一些人被困在了车里。 8.The bush fires may burn millions of square metres of land and destroy thousands of homes before they are put out. 丛林大火在被扑灭之前,可能会烧毁数百万平方米的土地,并摧毁数千所房屋。 9.We may hurt ourselves when cooking. 我们做饭时可能会伤到自己。 10.The police came to check and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days. 警察来检查了,并警告我们未来几天要远离海滩。 11.Luckily, no one was hurt or killed. 幸运的是,没有人受伤或死亡。 12.All of us were happy that we were safe. 我们所有人都很高兴我们安然无恙。 语法 过去进行时;when、while 和 as 的用法 语音 构词法——合成词 二、知识点精讲 知识点1.Power cut leaves thousands without heating.(教材 P107) 停电让数千人无法取暖。 power n. 电力;力量 (不可数名词)。 搭配: power cut(停电) power of nature(自然力量) will power(意志力) eg:A power cut makes the city dark.(停电让城市变黑。) thousand num. 千 1.thousands of 表 “数千;成千上万”,后接可数名词复数。 eg:Thousands of people visit the park.(数千人参观这个公园。) 2.具体数字 + thousand(表 “确定的‘千’”,thousand 不加 s) Our school has over two thousand students.​ (我们学校有两千多名学生。) 句型:leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(“使…… 处于…… 状态”,without heating 作补足语 )。eg:The rain leaves the ground wet.(雨水使地面潮湿。) 知识点2.I was working when the earthquake started.(教材 P108) 地震发生时我正在工作。 句型:过去进行时(was/were + doing ) + when + 一般过去时 (“当…… 时,某人正在做……”,when 引导时间状语从句 )。 eg:She was singing when I came in.(我进来时她正在唱歌。) 此句也可以理解为“我们正在工作,突然发生了地震。” when可以根据实际情况,理解为“正在这/那时,突然”。 结构:“主语 + was/were + doing(过去进行时)+ when + 主语 + did(一般过去时)”​ 逻辑:前半句 “持续动作”,后半句 “突发动作”,“when” 连接 “正在这时” 的意外时刻。 I was doing my English homework in the classroom when my best friend came in with a birthday cake.​ (我正在教室里做英语作业,正在这时,我最好的朋友拿着生日蛋糕走了进来。) 知识点3.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down.(教材 P108) 外面,人们四处奔跑,与此同时玻璃碎片和砖块像雨点一样落下。 【详解】 direction n. 方向 常见搭配 “in all directions”四面八方;四处 When the bell rang, students ran out of the classroom in all directions. (铃响时,学生们从教室里朝四面八方跑出去。) “in the direction of...”朝…… 方向 He walked in the direction of the park.(他朝着公园的方向走去。) 其他词义:指示、说明(指做事的步骤、要求) The teacher gave clear directions for our science project—we needed to finish the experiment in three steps.​ (老师给我们的科学项目明确的指示:我们要分三步完成实验。) 句型: 这是 “过去进行时 + while + 过去进行时” 的结构。 “while” 引导时间状语从句,强调主从句动作同时发生。 eg. I was watching TV while my mom was cooking.(我看电视的时候,我妈妈在做饭。) 前半句 “people were running...”(人们正在奔跑 )和后半句 “pieces of glass and bricks were raining down”(玻璃碎片和砖块正在落下 ),两个动作在地震发生时同步进行,突出混乱场景。 知识点4.I couldn’t see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was around me.(教材 P108) 我什么也看不见,也不知道身边是否还有其他人。 【详解】 not...at all 表示 “一点也不;根本不”,“couldn’t see anything at all” 就是 “什么都看不见”,加强否定语气。 I don’t like this book at all.(我根本不喜欢这本书。) anyone pron. 任何人,常用于否定句和疑问句中。在否定句里替代 “someone”, eg. I didn’t see anyone in the empty room.(我在空荡荡的房间里没看到任何人。) 疑问句如:Did you meet anyone interesting?(你遇到有趣的人了吗? ) anyone也能用于肯定句,核心意思是 “任何人;随便哪个人”,强调 “所有可能的人都符合,没有例外”。​ Anyone knows that the sun rises in the east.​ (任何人都知道太阳从东方升起。)​ You can ask anyone in our family for help—we all want to help you.​ (你可以找我们家随便哪个人帮忙,我们都想帮你。)​ else adj. 别的;其他的,常放在不定代词(如 “anyone”“someone” 等 )、疑问代词(如 “who”“what” 等 )后面,构成 “anyone else”(其他任何人 )、“what else”(别的什么 )等,eg:Who else will come to the party?(还有谁会来参加派对? ) 句型:“if” 引导宾语从句,“I didn’t know if anyone else was around me” 里,“if” 意思是 “是否”,整个从句 “anyone else was around me”(其他人在我身边 )作 “know” 的宾语。 eg. She wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.(她想知道明天是否会下雨。) 此句体现地震时 “我” 的无助和对周边情况的不确定。 知识点5.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.(教材 P109) 一瞬间的恐惧掠过我的脑海,但我告诉自己要冷静,因为我还活着。 【详解】 fear n. 害怕;恐惧,可作可数或不可数名词。 “a moment of fear”(一瞬间的恐惧 )是可数用法, eg. A moment of fear made her freeze.(一瞬间的恐惧让她僵住了。) 不可数时如:Fear is a common feeling in dangerous situations.(恐惧在危险情境中是一种常见的感觉。) “fear” 作动词时,意思是 “害怕;担心”。 Many students don’t fear math anymore—our teacher makes it fun.​ (很多学生不再害怕数学了,我们老师把它讲得很有趣。) Mom fears (that) we’ll be late for school if we don’t hurry.​ (妈妈担心如果我们不快点,上学就要迟到了。) She fears to swim in the deep pool—she thinks it’s dangerous.​ (她害怕在深水池里游泳,觉得太危险了。) calm v. (使)平静;(使)镇定 “calm down”冷静下来;镇定下来 Take a deep breath and calm down.(深呼吸,冷静下来。) Mom calmed my little brother down by telling him a story when he cried.​ (弟弟哭的时候,妈妈给他讲故事让他平静下来。) adj. 平静的;镇静的 描述人 “情绪稳定” 或环境 “无动荡、无风”。 Lisa always stays calm when she gives speeches in class—she never gets nervous.​ (莉萨在课堂演讲时总是很镇静,从不紧张。) The lake looks so calm under the morning sun.​ (早晨阳光下的湖面显得格外平静。) “since” 引导原因状语从句,意思是 “因为;既然”,“since I was still alive”(因为我还活着 )说明 “我告诉自己冷静” 的原因。 Since you are here, you can help me.(既然你在这儿,你可以帮帮我。) 知识点6.The storm hit at about 9 p.m., and some people were trapped in their cars.(教材 P115) 暴风雨大约在晚上 9 点来袭,一些人被困在了车里。 【详解】 hit 此处作动词,意思是 “(风暴、疾病等 )袭击”,“The storm hit...” 就是暴风雨来袭。 trap v. 使陷入困境;使被困 ;n. 陷阱 “be trapped in...”(被困在…… 里 )是常用搭配,这里 “were trapped in their cars” 就是 “被困在他们的车里”。 The cat was trapped in the box.(猫被困在箱子里了。) 知识点7.The bush fires may burn millions of square metres of land and destroy thousands of homes before they are put out.(教材 P115) 丛林大火在被扑灭之前,可能会烧毁数百万平方米的土地,并摧毁数千所房屋。 【详解】 million num. 百万,“millions of”(数百万的 ),后接可数名词复数, “millions of trees”(数百万棵树 )。 million前面有确切的数词时,用单数形式,如five million五百万。 destroy v. 摧毁;毁灭,比 “damage”(损坏,程度轻,可修复 )程度重,是彻底毁坏。 eg:The earthquake destroyed many buildings.(地震摧毁了很多建筑物。) put out 意思是 “扑灭(火 );熄灭”,“before they are put out”(在它们被扑灭之前,这里 “they” 指 “bush fires” ), eg. Firefighters work hard to put out the fire.(消防员努力扑灭大火。) 知识点8.We may hurt ourselves when cooking.(教材 P117) 我们做饭时可能会伤到自己。 【详解】 hurt v. (使)疼痛;(使)受伤,过去式和过去分词都是 “hurt”。 “hurt oneself”(伤到自己 ) eg. Be careful not to hurt yourself with the knife.(小心别用刀伤到自己。) adj. (身体/情感)受伤的 Tom fell off his bike on the way to school, so his knee is hurt.​ (汤姆上学路上从自行车上摔下来了,所以他的膝盖受伤了。) Lily felt hurt when her best friend forgot her birthday.​ (莉莉最好的朋友忘了她的生日,她感到很受伤。) when cooking 是 “when we are cooking” 的省略形式,当主从句主语一致,且从句有 “be” 动词时,可省略主语和 “be” 动词,变成 “when + 现在分词” 结构, eg. She likes listening to music when running.(她跑步时喜欢听音乐。) 知识点9.The police came to check and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days.(教材 P117) 警察来检查了,并警告我们未来几天要远离海滩。 【详解】 warn v. 警告;告诫 常用搭配 “warn sb. to do sth.”(警告某人做某事 ), 否定形式 “warn sb. not to do sth.”(警告某人不要做某事 ), eg. The teacher warns students not to run in the hallway.(老师警告学生不要在走廊里奔跑。) stay away from 意思是 “远离;避开”,可以指距离上远离,也可指避开不好的事物,如 “stay away from bad habits”(远离坏习惯 )。 知识点10.Luckily, no one was hurt or killed.(教材 P118) 幸运的是,没有人受伤或死亡。 【详解】 luckily adv. 幸运地;幸亏,放在句首,修饰整个句子, eg. Luckily, I found my lost key.(幸运的是,我找到了丢失的钥匙。) hurt 此处是形容词,“be hurt”(受伤 ) ;“killed” 是 “kill”(杀死 )的过去分词,“be killed”(被杀死 )。 知识点11.All of us were happy that we were safe.(教材 P118) 我们所有人都很高兴我们安然无恙。 【详解】 “that we were safe”(我们安然无恙 )作 “happy” 的原因状语,说明高兴的缘由, eg. I’m happy that you like my gift.(我很高兴你喜欢我的礼物。) 三、语法点清单 过去进行时 含义 表示过去某一 时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一 阶段一直在进行的动作 1.I was reading at 8 last night. 2.The students were practicing the play from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. last Friday. 结构 肯定: was/were + 动词 -ing 形式 The boy was writing a report on how to keep healthy. 否定: was/were + not + 动词 -ing 形式 2.We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 不用于进行时的动词类型 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词,如 love、hate、like、know 等 She _________ (know) knew the answer to the question but didn't raise her hand. 2. 部分连系动词,如 seem、appear 等 He seemed tired after working for twelve hours yesterday. 3. 感官动词,如 see、hear、smell、sound、taste 等 They _________ (see) saw their old friend at the airport last week. 4. 短暂性动词,如 decide、stop 等 We _________ (decide) decided to go hiking instead of staying at home last weekend. when、while 和 as 的用法 共同含义 “当…… 时候” 1.There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 2.While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 3.I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning. 时间指代及谓语动词特点 when 和 as:可指某一点或某一段时间,从句谓语动词可为瞬间性或延续性; while:指一段时间,从句谓语动词必须是延续性 1.When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock. 2.When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. 主从句动作时长搭配 一长一短:用过去进行时表长动作 (正在进行) ,一般过去时表短动作。 构成 “一般过去时 + when/while/as + 过去进行时”结构。 长动作是短动作发生背景,连词可在句中或句首 1.It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. (have dinner 长动作 ) 2.When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. (read 长动作 ) 两个长动作:常用 “过去进行时 + while + 过去进行时”,while 可在句首 1.They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 2.While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 一长一短特殊情况 (强调动作突然发生) :常用 “过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时”,突出长动作进行中短动作突然发生 I was walking in the street when he called me. 4、 语音清单 组合类型 示例 noun + noun thunderstorm, teamwork, snowball noun + verb earthquake, waterfall, sunrise verb + noun passport, playground, driveway adjective + noun whiteboard, software, gentleman 五、写作清单 描述一次突发事件 1. 话题分析 围绕灾害或突发事件经历展开,聚焦亲身遭遇(如地震、潮汐、火灾等),需呈现事件过程、人们反应及后续影响,旨在锻炼叙事能力,传递面对意外时的体验、应对与感悟,贴合生活中对突发状况的认知与表达需求 。 2. 写作内容 事件背景:明确灾害 / 突发事件类型(如潮汐、地震 )、发生时间(“last Saturday” )、地点(“the beach” ),以及事发前自身状态(“playing on the beach” )。 发生过程:详述事件如何起始(“sea water started to go away” )、发展(“big wave came towards us” ),搭配环境变化(“buildings in water, boats damaged” )。 人的反应:包括恐慌表现(“people shouting” )、应对行动(“run up the hill” ),以及事后救援 / 提醒(“police checked, warned to stay away” )。 结果与感受:说明事件后果(“no one hurt” )、原因(“earthquake caused tidal wave” ),抒发内心情绪(“happy to be safe” )。 3. 写作要点 时序清晰:用 “when... suddenly...”“after...” 等连接词,按 “发生前 - 发生时 - 发生后” 推进,让叙事有条理。 细节生动:刻画环境(“sea water go away, big wave” )、动作(“ran up, looked back” )、情绪(“happy, lucky” ),增强画面感。 完整闭环:从 “参与事件” 到 “事件收尾”,包含原因、经过、结果,形成完整故事;书信体则需格式完整(称呼、署名等 )。 4. 写作思路提示 选事件:挑熟悉 / 有素材的灾害 / 突发事件(如暴雨内涝、地震演练 ),优先选小而具体的,方便细节展开。 理流程:回忆或梳理 “事件链”,用时间轴标注关键节点(如 “地震:晃动起始→人群反应→逃生过程→事后检查” )。 加细节:给每个节点补充 “五感” 内容(如:视觉:海水退去;听觉:人们呼喊;触觉:奔跑时的紧张 ),让文字鲜活。 定情感:明确想传递的情绪(庆幸、后怕、温暖 ),把感受融入叙事(如 “luckily” 体现劫后余生的庆幸 )。 5. 写作步骤详解 1.开头引入:用 “时间 + 地点 + 初始状态” 开启,如 “Last Sunday, I was walking in the park when a heavy rainstorm hit.” ,快速交代背景,抓住读者。 2.过程描写:按时间推进,结合环境、动作、他人反应,细化每个环节。例:先写 “sky turned dark, wind blew hard”(环境 ),再写 “people ran for shelter, I hid under a big tree”(动作 + 他人 )。 3.结果与感受:说明事件造成的影响(“paths flooded, benches broken” ),加入官方行动(“police guided us home” ),最后抒发情绪(“I learned to stay calm in danger” )。 4.检查收尾:核对时间顺序是否清晰、细节是否完整,补充遗漏的 “原因说明”(如 “rainstorm caused by typhoon” ),让故事逻辑闭环。 6. 词汇运用提示 环境描述: “damage/destroy”(毁坏 )形容建筑、船只受损,如 “Many boats were damaged.” 。 “shake”(摇晃 )可描述地震时地面、物体状态,如“The ground started to shake.” 。 动作反应: “shout”(呼喊 )表达恐慌,“People shouted to warn others.” 。 “run away”“run up” 描述逃生动作,贴合灾害中人们的行动 。 “check”(检查 )用于事后救援,“Police checked if everyone was safe.” 。 情绪结果: “luckily”(幸运地 )用来表达劫后余生的庆幸 。 “safe”(安全的 )总结事件结果,“We were happy to be safe.” 。 “warn”(警告、提醒 )说明事后防护提示,“warned us to stay away” 。 7. 句型运用提示 时间触发:“When + 过去进行时,一般过去时” ,如 “When we were playing on the beach, suddenly the sea water started to go away.” ,连接事件背景与突发状况。 过程推进:“... and...” 串联连续动作 / 现象 ,“The sea water went away and a big wave came towards us.” ;“After... , 主句” 描述事后发展,“After the tidal wave passed, the police checked...” 。 结果呈现:“... , so...” 说明因果,“Many boats were damaged, so people couldn't use them.” ;“... , but...” 突出转折,“The earthquake was strong, but no one was hurt.” 。 情绪表达:“I/We felt + 情绪 + because...” ,“We felt lucky because we ran to safety in time.” ,直接抒发内心感受。 8. 范例作文 An Earthquake Experience Last Friday afternoon, I was having a math class in the classroom. The windows were bright, and everyone was listening carefully to the teacher. Suddenly, the desk under me started to shake. At first, I thought it was just a small movement. But soon, the shaking became stronger. “Earthquake! Run!” someone shouted. All of us stood up quickly. Some classmates rushed to the door, while others tried to hide under desks. I ran towards the corridor as fast as I could. When I got outside, I saw teachers guiding students to the playground. The ground was still shaking a little. After a few minutes, the earthquake stopped. The school leaders checked if anyone was hurt. They told us there was a small earthquake not far from our town, and it caused the shaking. Luckily, no one in our school was injured. This experience made me realize how important it is to stay calm and know escape ways during an earthquake. 一次地震经历 上周五下午,我正在教室里上数学课。窗外阳光明媚,所有人都在认真听老师讲课。 突然,我身下的桌子开始摇晃。起初,我以为只是轻微的晃动,可很快,晃动变得越来越强烈。“地震了!快跑!” 有人大喊道。我们所有人都迅速站了起来,一些同学冲向门口,另一些则试图躲到课桌底下。我以最快的速度朝着走廊跑去。 当我跑到室外时,看到老师们正在引导学生前往操场。地面仍在轻微晃动,几分钟后,地震才停了下来。学校领导检查了是否有人受伤,并告诉我们,离我们镇不远的地方发生了一场小地震,正是这场地震引发了刚才的晃动。 幸运的是,我们学校没有人受伤。这次经历让我意识到,地震发生时保持冷静、了解逃生方法是多么重要。 9. 实战演练 Daming所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场暴风雪。很幸运,暴风雪时间并不长,他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Daming请描述一下暴风雪发生时家里人的活动情景。 写作要点: 1.写明暴风雪的时间:yesterday evening 2.暴风雪时全家人都在做什么:My mother was... 3.暴风雪时的心情:scared... 4.暴风雪的后果:all safe 提示词:luckily...  Remember to... 写作要求: 1. 不得使用真实的姓名和学校名; 2. 可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯; 3. 字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。80词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My name is Daming. In my city, there was ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 My name is Daming. In my city, there was a snowstorm yesterday evening. My mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen when it started. My father was watching TV, and my little sister was playing with her toys. I was doing my homework in my room. Suddenly, the wind howled loudly, and the snow fell heavily. We were all scared because it was so loud and unexpected. Luckily, the storm didn’t last long. After it ended, we checked everything and felt relieved that we were all safe and sound. Remember to stay indoors during bad weather. 【解析】 [总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇记叙文,为材料作文; ②时态:时态为“一般过去时”; ③提示:根据所给提示完成写作,不能遗漏信息,以第一和第三人称为主。 [写作步骤] 第一步,承接开头,首先描述暴风雪的时间及场景——昨天晚上暴风雪开始时家人的活动; 第二步,然后表达暴风雪时感到惊吓的心情; 第三步,最后总结暴风雪不久就结束了,大家都安然无恙,体现幸运的结局。 [亮点词汇] ①Suddenly突然 ②Luckily幸运地 ③remember to do sth记得做某事 [高分句型] ①My mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen when it started.(时间状语从句) ②We were all scared because it was so loud and unexpected.(原因状语从句) 1 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Safe and sound 一、单元词汇 单词 1.____________ adj. 健康的,无损伤的 2.____________ n. 紧急情况 3.____________ n. 情况 4.____________ n. 闪电 5.____________ n. 办公室,办公楼 6.____________ adj. 无家可归的 7.____________ n. 长途汽车 8.____________ n. 道路 9.____________ n. 事故 10.____________ adj. 可怕的 11.____________ n. 状态,情况 12.____________ n. (pl. firemen) 消防员 13.____________ n. 交通 14.____________ n., vi. & vt. 摇动 15.____________ n. 雷声 16.____________ vi. & n. 呼喊,喊叫 17.____________ n. 恐惧,害怕 18.____________ n. 方向 19.____________ adj. 安静的 20.____________ adj. 焦虑的;胆怯的 21.____________ vi. & vt. (使) 规律作响或运动;用力敲打 22.____________ vi. & vt. (使) 平静,(使) 镇静 23.____________ conj. 因为,既然 24.____________ adj. 虚弱的 25.____________ n. 嗓音,说话声,唱歌声 26.____________ prep. (=except for) 除… 之外 27.____________ n. 烟 28.____________ vi. 着火;vt. & vi. (使) 烧毁,烧伤 29.____________ adv. 大量地 30.____________ vt. & vi. 猜测,估计 31.____________ n. (常指带檐的) 帽子 32.____________ vt. 清除,清理 33.____________ n. (pl. policemen) (男) 警察 34.____________ n. & vi. 疼痛 35.____________ n. (pl. postmen) 邮递员 36.____________ n. 机场 37.____________ n. 护照 38.____________ adj. 差一点儿,险些 39.____________ vi. & vt. 报道;汇报 40.____________ prep. 包括… 在内 41.____________ n. 标牌,指示牌 42.____________ vt. 避免,防止 43.____________ n. 伤,伤口 44.____________ vi. 流血,失血 45.____________ vt. & vi. 按,压 46.____________ vt. & vi. 警告,告诫 短语 1.____________ 安然无恙 2.____________ 四处,到处 3.____________ 暗想;自言自语 4.____________ (使) 平静 5.____________ 恐惧地,害怕地 6.____________ 迄今为止 7.____________ 立即,马上 8.____________ 扑灭;熄灭 9.____________ 自然灾害 10.____________ 处理;应对 11.____________ 处于糟糕的状态 12.____________ 离开道路 13.____________ 冲走;冲垮 14.____________ 一阵轻微的摇晃 15.____________ 一点也不;根本不 16.____________ 其他人;别的任何人 17.____________ 呼喊;大声喊叫 18.____________ 用虚弱的声音 19.____________ 移开;离开 句型 1.Power cut leaves thousands without heating. 停电让数千人无法取暖。 2.The fog was so thick that drivers couldn’t see more than a metre in front of them. 雾太大了,司机们看不到前方一米以外的东西。 3.I was working when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在工作。 4.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down. 外面,人们四处奔跑,与此同时玻璃碎片和砖块像雨点一样落下。 5.I couldn’t see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was around me. 我什么也看不见,也不知道身边是否还有其他人。 6.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 一瞬间的恐惧掠过我的脑海,但我告诉自己要冷静,因为我还活着。 7.The storm hit at about 9 p.m., and some people were trapped in their cars. 暴风雨大约在晚上 9 点来袭,一些人被困在了车里。 8.The bush fires may burn millions of square metres of land and destroy thousands of homes before they are put out. 丛林大火在被扑灭之前,可能会烧毁数百万平方米的土地,并摧毁数千所房屋。 9.We may hurt ourselves when cooking. 我们做饭时可能会伤到自己。 10.The police came to check and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days. 警察来检查了,并警告我们未来几天要远离海滩。 11.Luckily, no one was hurt or killed. 幸运的是,没有人受伤或死亡。 12.All of us were happy that we were safe. 我们所有人都很高兴我们安然无恙。 语法 过去进行时;when、while 和 as 的用法 语音 构词法——合成词 二、知识点精讲 知识点1.Power cut leaves thousands without heating.(教材 P107) 停电让数千人无法取暖。 power n. 电力;力量 (____________名词)。 搭配: power cut(停电) power of nature(自然力量) will power(意志力) eg:A power cut makes the city dark.(停电让城市变黑。) thousand num. 千 1.thousands of 表 “数千;成千上万”,后接可数名词____________。 eg:Thousands of people ____________ the park.(数千人参观这个公园。) 2.具体数字 + thousand(表 “确定的‘千’”,thousand 不加 s) Our school has over ____________ students.​ (我们学校有两千多名学生。) 句型:leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(“使…… 处于…… 状态”,without heating 作补足语 )。eg:The rain leaves the ground wet.(雨水使地面潮湿。) 知识点2.I was working when the earthquake started.(教材 P108) 地震发生时我正在工作。 句型:过去进行时(was/were + doing ) + when + 一般过去时 (“当…… 时,某人正在做……”,when 引导时间状语从句 )。 eg:She was singing when I came in.(我进来时她正在唱歌。) 此句也可以理解为“我们正在工作,突然发生了地震。” when可以根据实际情况,理解为“正在这/那时,突然”。 结构:“主语 + was/were + doing(过去进行时)+ when + 主语 + did(一般过去时)”​ 逻辑:前半句 “持续动作”,后半句 “突发动作”,“when” 连接 “正在这时” 的意外时刻。 I ____________ my English homework in the classroom when my best friend ____________ with a birthday cake.​ (我正在教室里做英语作业,正在这时,我最好的朋友拿着生日蛋糕走了进来。) 知识点3.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down.(教材 P108) 外面,人们四处奔跑,与此同时玻璃碎片和砖块像雨点一样落下。 【详解】 direction n. 方向 常见搭配 “in all directions”四面八方;四处 When the bell rang, students ran out of the classroom in all directions. (铃响时,学生们从教室里朝四面八方跑出去。) “in the direction of...”朝…… 方向 He walked ____________ the direction of the park.(他朝着公园的方向走去。) 其他词义:指示、说明(指做事的步骤、要求) The teacher gave clear directions for our science project—we needed to finish the experiment in three steps.​ (老师给我们的科学项目明确的指示:我们要分三步完成实验。) 句型: 这是 “过去进行时 + while + 过去进行时” 的结构。 “while” 引导时间状语从句,强调主从句动作同时发生。 eg. I was watching TV while my mom ____________.(我看电视的时候,我妈妈在做饭。) 前半句 “people were running...”(人们正在奔跑 )和后半句 “pieces of glass and bricks were raining down”(玻璃碎片和砖块正在落下 ),两个动作在地震发生时同步进行,突出混乱场景。 知识点4.I couldn’t see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was around me.(教材 P108) 我什么也看不见,也不知道身边是否还有其他人。 【详解】 not...at all 表示 “一点也不;根本不”,“couldn’t see anything at all” 就是 “什么都看不见”,加强否定语气。 I don’t like this book at all.(我根本不喜欢这本书。) anyone pron. 任何人,常用于否定句和疑问句中。在否定句里替代 “someone”, eg. I didn’t see anyone in the empty room.(我在空荡荡的房间里没看到任何人。) 疑问句如:Did you meet anyone interesting?(你遇到有趣的人了吗? ) anyone也能用于肯定句,核心意思是 “任何人;随便哪个人”,强调 “所有可能的人都符合,没有例外”。​ Anyone ____________ that the sun rises in the east.​ (任何人都知道太阳从东方升起。)​ You can ask anyone in our family for help—we all want to help you.​ (你可以找我们家随便哪个人帮忙,我们都想帮你。)​ else adj. 别的;其他的,常放在不定代词(如 “anyone”“someone” 等 )、疑问代词(如 “who”“what” 等 )后面,构成 “anyone else”(其他任何人 )、“what else”(别的什么 )等,eg:Who else will come to the party?(还有谁会来参加派对? ) 句型:“if” 引导宾语从句,“I didn’t know if anyone else was around me” 里,“if” 意思是 “____________”,整个从句 “anyone else was around me”(其他人在我身边 )作 “know” 的宾语。 eg. She wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.(她想知道明天是否会下雨。) 此句体现地震时 “我” 的无助和对周边情况的不确定。 知识点5.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.(教材 P109) 一瞬间的恐惧掠过我的脑海,但我告诉自己要冷静,因为我还活着。 【详解】 fear n. 害怕;恐惧,可作可数或不可数名词。 “a moment of fear”(一瞬间的恐惧 )是可数用法, eg. A moment of fear made her freeze.(一瞬间的恐惧让她僵住了。) 不可数时如:Fear is a common feeling in dangerous situations.(恐惧在危险情境中是一种常见的感觉。) “fear” 作动词时,意思是 “害怕;担心”。 Many students don’t fear math anymore—our teacher makes it fun.​ (很多学生不再害怕数学了,我们老师把它讲得很有趣。) Mom fears (that) we’ll be late for school if we don’t hurry.​ (妈妈担心如果我们不快点,上学就要迟到了。) She fears to swim in the deep pool—she thinks it’s dangerous.​ (她害怕在深水池里游泳,觉得太危险了。) calm v. (使)平静;(使)镇定 “calm down”冷静下来;镇定下来 Take a deep breath and calm down.(深呼吸,冷静下来。) Mom calmed my little brother down by telling him a story when he cried.​ (弟弟哭的时候,妈妈给他讲故事____________。) adj. 平静的;镇静的 描述人 “情绪稳定” 或环境 “无动荡、无风”。 Lisa always stays calm when she gives speeches in class—she never gets nervous.​ (莉萨在课堂演讲时总是很镇静,从不紧张。) The lake looks so calm under the morning sun.​ (早晨阳光下的湖面显得格外平静。) “since” 引导原因状语从句,意思是 “____________”,“since I was still alive”(因为我还活着 )说明 “我告诉自己冷静” 的原因。 Since you are here, you can help me.(既然你在这儿,你可以帮帮我。) 知识点6.The storm hit at about 9 p.m., and some people were trapped in their cars.(教材 P115) 暴风雨大约在晚上 9 点来袭,一些人被困在了车里。 【详解】 hit 此处作动词,意思是 “(风暴、疾病等 )袭击”,“The storm hit...” 就是暴风雨来袭。 trap v. 使陷入困境;使被困 ;n. 陷阱 “be ____________ in...”(被困在…… 里 )是常用搭配,这里 “were trapped in their cars” 就是 “被困在他们的车里”。 The cat was trapped in the box.(猫被困在箱子里了。) 知识点7.The bush fires may burn millions of square metres of land and destroy thousands of homes before they are put out.(教材 P115) 丛林大火在被扑灭之前,可能会烧毁数百万平方米的土地,并摧毁数千所房屋。 【详解】 million num. 百万,“millions of”(数百万的 ),后接可数名词复数, “millions of trees”(数百万棵树 )。 million前面有确切的数词时,用单数形式,如____________五百万。 destroy v. 摧毁;毁灭,比 “damage”(损坏,程度轻,可修复 )程度重,是彻底毁坏。 eg:The earthquake destroyed many buildings.(地震摧毁了很多建筑物。) put out 意思是 “扑灭(火 );熄灭”,“before they are put out”(在它们被扑灭之前,这里 “they” 指 “bush fires” ), eg. Firefighters work hard to put out the fire.(消防员努力扑灭大火。) 知识点8.We may hurt ourselves when cooking.(教材 P117) 我们做饭时可能会伤到自己。 【详解】 hurt v. (使)疼痛;(使)受伤,过去式和过去分词都是 “____________”。 “hurt oneself”(伤到自己 ) eg. Be careful not to hurt yourself with the knife.(小心别用刀伤到自己。) adj. (身体/情感)受伤的 Tom fell off his bike on the way to school, so his knee is hurt.​ (汤姆上学路上从自行车上摔下来了,所以他的膝盖受伤了。) Lily felt hurt when her best friend forgot her birthday.​ (莉莉最好的朋友忘了她的生日,她感到很受伤。) when cooking 是 “when we are cooking” 的省略形式,当主从句主语一致,且从句有 “be” 动词时,可省略主语和 “be” 动词,变成 “when + 现在分词” 结构, eg. She likes listening to music ____________.(她跑步时喜欢听音乐。) 知识点9.The police came to check and warned us to stay away from the beach for a few days.(教材 P117) 警察来检查了,并警告我们未来几天要远离海滩。 【详解】 warn v. 警告;告诫 常用搭配 “warn sb. to do sth.”(警告某人做某事 ), 否定形式 “warn sb. ____________ sth.”(警告某人不要做某事 ), eg. The teacher warns students not to run in the hallway.(老师警告学生不要在走廊里奔跑。) stay away from 意思是 “远离;避开”,可以指距离上远离,也可指避开不好的事物,如 “stay away from bad habits”(远离坏习惯 )。 知识点10.Luckily, no one was hurt or killed.(教材 P118) 幸运的是,没有人受伤或死亡。 【详解】 luckily adv. 幸运地;幸亏,放在句首,修饰____________, eg. Luckily, I found my lost key.(幸运的是,我找到了丢失的钥匙。) hurt 此处是形容词,“be hurt”(受伤 ) ;“killed” 是 “kill”(杀死 )的过去分词,“be killed”(被杀死 )。 知识点11.All of us were happy that we were safe.(教材 P118) 我们所有人都很高兴我们安然无恙。 【详解】 “that we were safe”(我们安然无恙 )作 “happy” 的____________状语,说明高兴的缘由, eg. I’m happy that you like my gift.(我很高兴你喜欢我的礼物。) 三、语法点清单 过去进行时 含义 表示过去某一_________ 正在进行的动作或过去某一_________ 一直在进行的动作 1.I was reading at 8 last night. 2.The students were practicing the play from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. last Friday. 结构 肯定:_________ + 动词 -ing 形式 The boy was writing a report on how to keep healthy. 否定:__________________ + 动词 -ing 形式 2.We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 不用于进行时的动词类型 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词,如 love、hate、like、know 等 She _________ (know) the answer to the question but didn't raise her hand. 2. 部分连系动词,如 seem、appear 等 He seemed tired after working for twelve hours yesterday. 3. 感官动词,如 see、hear、smell、sound、taste 等 They _________ (see) their old friend at the airport last week. 4. 短暂性动词,如 decide、stop 等 We _________ (decide) to go hiking instead of staying at home last weekend. when、while 和 as 的用法 共同含义 “_________” 1.There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 2.While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 3.I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning. 时间指代及谓语动词特点 when 和 as:可指某一点或某一段时间,从句谓语动词可为瞬间性或延续性; while:指一段时间,从句谓语动词必须是_________ 1.When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock. 2.When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. 主从句动作时长搭配 一长一短:用过去进行时表长动作 (正在进行) ,一般过去时表短动作。 构成 “一般过去时 + when/while/as + _________”结构。 长动作是短动作发生背景,连词可在句中或句首 1.It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. (have dinner 长动作 ) 2.When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in. (read 长动作 ) 两个长动作:常用 “过去进行时 + while + _________”,while 可在句首 1.They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 2.While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email. 一长一短特殊情况 (强调动作突然发生) :常用 “过去进行时 + _________ + 一般过去时”,突出长动作进行中短动作突然发生 I was walking in the street when he called me. 4、 语音清单 组合类型 示例 thunderstorm, teamwork, snowball earthquake, waterfall, sunrise passport, playground, driveway whiteboard, software, gentleman 五、写作清单 描述一次突发事件 1. 话题分析 围绕灾害或突发事件经历展开,聚焦亲身遭遇(如地震、潮汐、火灾等),需呈现事件过程、人们反应及后续影响,旨在锻炼叙事能力,传递面对意外时的体验、应对与感悟,贴合生活中对突发状况的认知与表达需求 。 2. 写作内容 事件背景:明确灾害 / 突发事件类型(如潮汐、地震 )、发生时间(“last Saturday” )、地点(“the beach” ),以及事发前自身状态(“playing on the beach” )。 发生过程:详述事件如何起始(“sea water started to go away” )、发展(“big wave came towards us” ),搭配环境变化(“buildings in water, boats damaged” )。 人的反应:包括恐慌表现(“people shouting” )、应对行动(“run up the hill” ),以及事后救援 / 提醒(“police checked, warned to stay away” )。 结果与感受:说明事件后果(“no one hurt” )、原因(“earthquake caused tidal wave” ),抒发内心情绪(“happy to be safe” )。 3. 写作要点 时序清晰:用 “when... suddenly...”“after...” 等连接词,按 “发生前 - 发生时 - 发生后” 推进,让叙事有条理。 细节生动:刻画环境(“sea water go away, big wave” )、动作(“ran up, looked back” )、情绪(“happy, lucky” ),增强画面感。 完整闭环:从 “参与事件” 到 “事件收尾”,包含原因、经过、结果,形成完整故事;书信体则需格式完整(称呼、署名等 )。 4. 写作思路提示 选事件:挑熟悉 / 有素材的灾害 / 突发事件(如暴雨内涝、地震演练 ),优先选小而具体的,方便细节展开。 理流程:回忆或梳理 “事件链”,用时间轴标注关键节点(如 “地震:晃动起始→人群反应→逃生过程→事后检查” )。 加细节:给每个节点补充 “五感” 内容(如:视觉:海水退去;听觉:人们呼喊;触觉:奔跑时的紧张 ),让文字鲜活。 定情感:明确想传递的情绪(庆幸、后怕、温暖 ),把感受融入叙事(如 “luckily” 体现劫后余生的庆幸 )。 5. 写作步骤详解 1.开头引入:用 “时间 + 地点 + 初始状态” 开启,如 “Last Sunday, I was walking in the park when a heavy rainstorm hit.” ,快速交代背景,抓住读者。 2.过程描写:按时间推进,结合环境、动作、他人反应,细化每个环节。例:先写 “sky turned dark, wind blew hard”(环境 ),再写 “people ran for shelter, I hid under a big tree”(动作 + 他人 )。 3.结果与感受:说明事件造成的影响(“paths flooded, benches broken” ),加入官方行动(“police guided us home” ),最后抒发情绪(“I learned to stay calm in danger” )。 4.检查收尾:核对时间顺序是否清晰、细节是否完整,补充遗漏的 “原因说明”(如 “rainstorm caused by typhoon” ),让故事逻辑闭环。 6. 词汇运用提示 环境描述: “damage/destroy”(毁坏 )形容建筑、船只受损,如 “Many boats were damaged.” 。 “shake”(摇晃 )可描述地震时地面、物体状态,如“The ground started to shake.” 。 动作反应: “shout”(呼喊 )表达恐慌,“People shouted to warn others.” 。 “run away”“run up” 描述逃生动作,贴合灾害中人们的行动 。 “check”(检查 )用于事后救援,“Police checked if everyone was safe.” 。 情绪结果: “luckily”(幸运地 )用来表达劫后余生的庆幸 。 “safe”(安全的 )总结事件结果,“We were happy to be safe.” 。 “warn”(警告、提醒 )说明事后防护提示,“warned us to stay away” 。 7. 句型运用提示 时间触发:“When + 过去进行时,一般过去时” ,如 “When we were playing on the beach, suddenly the sea water started to go away.” ,连接事件背景与突发状况。 过程推进:“... and...” 串联连续动作 / 现象 ,“The sea water went away and a big wave came towards us.” ;“After... , 主句” 描述事后发展,“After the tidal wave passed, the police checked...” 。 结果呈现:“... , so...” 说明____________,“Many boats were damaged, so people couldn't use them.” ;“... , but...” 突出转折,“The earthquake was strong, but no one was hurt.” 。 情绪表达:“I/We felt + 情绪 + because...” ,“We felt lucky because we ran to safety in time.” ,直接抒发内心感受。 8. 范例作文 An Earthquake Experience Last Friday afternoon, I was having a math class in the classroom. The windows were bright, and everyone was listening carefully to the teacher. Suddenly, the desk under me started to shake. At first, I thought it was just a small movement. But soon, the shaking became stronger. “Earthquake! Run!” someone shouted. All of us stood up quickly. Some classmates rushed to the door, while others tried to hide under desks. I ran towards the corridor as fast as I could. When I got outside, I saw teachers guiding students to the playground. The ground was still shaking a little. After a few minutes, the earthquake stopped. The school leaders checked if anyone was hurt. They told us there was a small earthquake not far from our town, and it caused the shaking. Luckily, no one in our school was injured. This experience made me realize how important it is to stay calm and know escape ways during an earthquake. 一次地震经历 上周五下午,我正在教室里上数学课。窗外阳光明媚,所有人都在认真听老师讲课。 突然,我身下的桌子开始摇晃。起初,我以为只是轻微的晃动,可很快,晃动变得越来越强烈。“地震了!快跑!” 有人大喊道。我们所有人都迅速站了起来,一些同学冲向门口,另一些则试图躲到课桌底下。我以最快的速度朝着走廊跑去。 当我跑到室外时,看到老师们正在引导学生前往操场。地面仍在轻微晃动,几分钟后,地震才停了下来。学校领导检查了是否有人受伤,并告诉我们,离我们镇不远的地方发生了一场小地震,正是这场地震引发了刚才的晃动。 幸运的是,我们学校没有人受伤。这次经历让我意识到,地震发生时保持冷静、了解逃生方法是多么重要。 9. 实战演练 Daming所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场暴风雪。很幸运,暴风雪时间并不长,他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Daming请描述一下暴风雪发生时家里人的活动情景。 写作要点: 1.写明暴风雪的时间:yesterday evening 2.暴风雪时全家人都在做什么:My mother was... 3.暴风雪时的心情:scared... 4.暴风雪的后果:all safe 提示词:luckily...  Remember to... 写作要求: 1. 不得使用真实的姓名和学校名; 2. 可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯; 3. 字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。80词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My name is Daming. 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Unit 8 Safe and sound(知识清单)英语译林版2024八年级上册
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Unit 8 Safe and sound(知识清单)英语译林版2024八年级上册
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Unit 8 Safe and sound(知识清单)英语译林版2024八年级上册
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