摘要:
该高中英语选必一Unit 1重点词句讲义通过结构化列表构建知识体系,将21个核心词汇的词形转换(如crucial-crucially、vital-vitality)按词性变化规律排列,重点词组分Reading and Thinking等模块分类,重点句子结合定语从句、独立主格等语法点解析,形成词汇积累-词组运用-句式掌握的递进脉络。
讲义亮点在于“语言能力与文化意识融合”设计,如解析屠呦呦研究相关句式(“where引导的非限制性定语从句”)时融入“traditional Chinese medicine”,培养语言理解和文化传承素养。词形转换附规律提示(如commit-committed-commitment的动词-形容词-名词变化),基础学生可夯实词汇,优秀学生能深化语法应用,教师据此可实施精准分层教学。
内容正文:
选必一Unit 1 People of achievement 重点词句讲义
词形转换
1. crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的→crucially adv.至关重要地;关键性地
2. vital adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的→vitally adv. 极其,绝对→vitality n.生命力;热情
3. commit vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的→commitment n.投入,奉献;承诺
4. academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院 →academic adj.学业的;学术的
5. evaluate vt.评价;评估→evaluation n. 评价;评估
6. distinct adj. 清晰的;清楚的→distinctly adv.清楚的;明显的→distinction n.差别;特点
7. boil vt.&vt.(使)沸腾;煮开→boiling adj. 炽热的;很热的
8. obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得→obtainable adj. 可获得;可得到
9. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
10. analyse vt. 分析→analysis n.分析→analytical adj. 分析的;分析性的
11. apparent adj. 显而易见的→apparently adv. 显而易见地
12. insist vi.&vt. 坚持;坚决要求→insistence n. 坚决要求;坚持→insistent adj .坚决要求的
13. scientific adj. 科学(上)的→scientifically adv. 合乎科学地
14. botany n.植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的→botanist n.植物学家
15. found vt. 创建;建立→foundation n.地基;房基;基础→founder n. 创建者;发起人
16. conclude vt.断定;推断出→conclusion n. 结论;推论
17. infer vt. 推断;推定→inference n.推断
18. passion n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj. 热诚的
19. ordinary adj. 普通的→extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
20. consequent adj.随之发生的→consequence n.结果;后果→consequently adv.因此
21. remark n.引人注目→remarkable adj.显著的→remarkably adv.显著地
重点词组和词块
Reading and Thinking
1. be awarded to 被颁发给某人
award sb./sth / award sth. to sb.授予某人某物
2. (a) treatment for……(一种)治疗……的方法
3. be vital for/to 对…必不可少/至关重要
4. commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)
5. with the objective of 以……为目标
6. medical properties 药学属性
7. show promise in the fight against malaria 在抗击疟疾的战斗中表现出潜能
8. a collection of 一批,一群
9. get stuck 陷入僵局;陷入困境
10. acknowledge defeat 承认失败;认输
11. by chance 偶然;意外地
12. draw out the extract 提炼出提取物
draw up 起草,拟定
13. insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求
14. test sth on sb. 在某人身上试验某物
15. a team effort 团队努力(的结果)
16. herbal medicine 草药
17. traditional Chinese medicine 中医药
18. make discoveries/a discovery做出发现
19. die from 死于;因……而死
20. form a better impression of sth 对…形成更好地印象
21. lead to the discovery of 使……得以发现
22. a committed and patient scientist
一位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家
23. the first chosen researchers chosen
入选的首批研究员
Learning about language
24. be distinct from one another 彼此不同
make/draw a distinction between A and B 区分
25. stand up to wear and tear 经得住(正常使用造成的)磨损/损耗
26. come to a conclusion得出结论
27. change one’s mind 改变注意
28. It struck sb that… 某人突然想到/一下子意识到…
29. care about sth. 在意/在乎/care about sb.关心/关怀
30. physical/spiritual illness 身体/精神疾病
31. quit school 退学,休学
32. be impressed by/with 对……有深刻的印象
33. a flow chart 流程图
Using Language
34. make numerous contributions to 为…做出许多贡献
35. the general theory of relativity 广义相对论
36. duo to sth因为,由于(作表语或状语)
37. out of a strong passion for knowledge出于对知识的强烈热爱
38. earn a doctorate in physics 获得物理博士学位
39. be recorded as 被记载为……
40. come to power 上台;(开始)掌权
41. as a consequence 结果,因此
42. take up a position 任职
43. following this/that 之后
44. make great achievements in 在…方面获得重大成就
45. stand on end 竖起来 (make one’s hair stand on end令人毛骨悚然)
46. despite his peculiarities /pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti/ 尽管他有种种怪癖(peculiar adj. odd 奇怪的;古怪的)
47. be mistaken for 被误认为…(mistake sb/sth for…)
48. pass away亡故(婉辞,指去世)
49. mourn the great loss of a brilliant scientist哀悼这位卓越科学家的不幸逝世 || mourn for sb. 悼念某人
50. in some way 在某种程度上
Assessing your progress
51. a gentle and caring father 一位温和、体贴的父亲
52. to sum up概括起来说;总之
sum up 总结;概括 (P11) (summarize vt. )
53. obtain scores of patents 获得许多专利
54. under/in no circumstances 决不;无论如何不
55. first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者
56. a stylistic device 修辞手法【a rhetorical /rɪˈtɒrɪkl/ device P9】
57. throughout the ages 贯穿古今
58. be in power 执政,当权
59. the founder and forerunner of the country现代中国的缔造者和先驱
60. in office 任职
61. put forward advanced ideas 提出先进的思想
62. the Three Principles of the People: Nationalism,Democracy, and People’s Livelihood“三民主义”:民族主义、民权主义、民生主义
63. be born to a rich family 出生于(某类家庭等)
64. draw on (his life experiences) 凭借;利用;动用
65. drive sb to do sth. 促使某人做某事
66. international status 国际地位
重点句子
1. This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。【Whose引导的非限制性定语从句,对屠呦呦进行补充说明,whose在从句中做定语;a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin 的同位语,用来说明青蒿素的作用。】
2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
起初,屠呦呦前往疟疾高发的海南地区,对疟疾患者展开研究。【此句是含有定语从句的主从复合句。Where malaria was more common是where引导的非限制性定语从句,对Hainan 进行补充说明,where在定语从句中充当地点状语,常可由in/on/at/to which等替代。
3. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc².
他为世界做出了诸多贡献,其中最广为人知的是广义相对论以及著名公式E=mc²(质能方程)【the most well-known being…E=mc² 是独立主格结构。独立主格结构的构成:逻辑主语(名词/代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式等。本句中the most well-known相当于名词短语the most well-known contribution, 与be之间构成主动关系,故后接现在分词。独立主格结构在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。】如:The storm over, everything was in peace again.(时间状语)|| Robert lay in bed, his eyes looking at the ceiling and his arms crossed.(伴随状语)|| I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting. (天气许可的话)
4. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他留着浓密的八字胡,还有一头长长的白发 —— 那头发有时候会根根竖起,活像刚被电到一样。【本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。在定语从句中,as though引导的方式状语从句用了虚拟语气,谓语结构为had done, 表示与过去事实相反的情况。as though/as if 除了可以引导方式状语从句,还可置于look, seem, sound等连系动词后引导表语从句。从句常用虚拟语气表示所述情况与事实相反。】
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