2025-2026学年上海市高一英语上学期--句子成分&基本句型 导学案

2025-2026 学年上海市高一英语上学期--句子成分&基本句型T Part1 课前热身 1. The change won't make you disappointed.(对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A.谓语 B.主语 C.宾补 D.直接宾语 【答案】C 2. Our English teacher recommended us a reference book whose content was detailed and well-organized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分: . A.object(宾语) B.attributive(定语) C.adverbial(状语) D.complement (补语) 【答案】B 3. The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分 A.状语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D:宾语补足语 【答案】D 4. The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities.划线部分在句中充当 . A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语 【答案】A 5. Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities.划线部分在句中充当 . A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语 【答案】D 6. I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? A.Subject(主语). B. Object (宾语). C.Predictive(表语). D.Object complement(宾语补足语) 【答案】D 7. The report sounds interesting. A. object B. subject C. complement D. predicative 【答案】D 8. There is always something excited to do. A.主语 B. 宾语 C.宾补 D.状语 【答案】A 9. It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语 【答案】A 10. Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语 【答案】B 提高题: 判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A.主+谓 B.主+系+表 C，主+谓+宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补 E.主+谓+双宾语 1. After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually turned into full-on bright green leaves. 2. According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” 3. For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over l, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today's reference. 4. Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. 5. In 2017., the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. 6. The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. 7. In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. 8. After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. 9. The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. 10. In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. 【参考答案】:1.D 2.C 3.B 4..D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.E 9.E 10.D Part2 知识梳理 句子基本成分与词性的对应关系 词类 英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1.名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange 2.代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she,you, it. 3.形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange 4.数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third, fourth 5.动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see 6.副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度。如: now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7.冠词(art.):用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如:a. an, the. 8.介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如:in,on,from,above,behind 9.连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如:and,but, before 10.感叹词(interj.):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词十主要动词)构成，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: What happened? The plane took off at ten o'clock 2.复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如: They are engineers. *英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词 have,get, take,give 等。如: I had a swim yesterday.(had a swim 代替了swam) Take a look at that!(take a look 代替了 look) (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如 be,become,get,look,grow,turn ,seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句表示。例如: The wedding was that Sunday.婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词) The book is hers.(代词) We are seven.(数词) Are you busy?(形容词) Time is up.(副词) All I could do was to wait.(不定式) Complimenting is lying.(动名词) I'm very pleased with what he has done.(过去分词) She is in good health.(介词短语) Is that why you were angry?(从句) This is where I first met her.(从句) *能做系动词的实义动词: come,go, run, turn, get, become, keep,stay,make(表变化的动词) fell. sound.smell.look.taste(感观动词) seem,appear (似乎，好像) 例如: Our dream has come true.我的梦想实现了。(come 后常加 easy, loose,natural 等) He fell sick. 他病了。 Keep fit.保重。 keep 作为系动词还常接 quiet,calm,cool,well,warm,silent, clean,dry The well ran dry.这口井干枯了。(short, loose,wild.cold 等) A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。例如: Do you fancy a drink?(名词) They won't hurt us.(代词) If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.(数词) I shall do my possible.(名词化形容词) He left there last week.(副词) Does she really mean to leave home?(不定式) He never did the unexpected.(名词化的分词) Do you understand what I mean?(从句) * 宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人)，具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb),常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make,offer, owe, pass, pay, play,promise,read,save,sell,send,show,sing,take 等，间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如:I have found him a place. (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如 make 等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: His father named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词) You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语 We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) *形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。如: The man, cruel beyond belief, didn't listen to their pleadings. (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。 如: Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country, America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) The car that' s parked outside is mine.(从句) (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可用作状语的有副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。 The girl is improving remarkably.(副词及副词性词组) I come specially to see you.(不定式) The boy was praised for his bravery.(介词短语) Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.(分词) If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.(从句) *副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中. Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. *状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 *状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?(时间状语) There are plenty of fish in the sea.(地点状语) Because he was ill,Tom lost his job.(原因状语) She spoke so softly that I couldn't hear what she said.(结果状语) In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.(目的状语) If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(条件状语) He helped me although he didn't know me.(让步状语) To what extent would you trust them?(程度状语) He stood there, pipe in mouth.(伴随状语) This book is more instructive than that one.(比较状语) Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.(方式状语) (九)同位语:当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。可用作同位语的有:名词、代词、动名词、数词、不定式短语、从句等。 Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview.(名词及其短语) We both like the movie.(代词) Are you two ready?(数词) He enjoys the exercise,swimming in winter.(动名词短语) The question what to do next hasn't been considered.(不定式短语) All the countries, big or small, are equal.(形容词及其短语) You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike.(名词性从句) 句子成分与词性的对应关系 实 词 名称 句法作用 名词 n.(noun) 主、表、宾、补、定、同 代词 pron.(pronoun) 主、宾、表、补、定、同 数词 num.(numeral) 主、表、宾、定、同 动词 v.(verb) 谓语动词:谓 非谓语动词:主、表、宾、补、定、状 形容词 adj.(adjective) 表、补、定、补 副词 adv.(adverb) 表、状 虚 词 冠词 art.(article) 用在名词前帮助说明该名词的含义 介词 prep.(preposition) 常与名词或与之相当的词构成介词短语 连词 conj.(conjunction) 连接词与词、短语与短语、或句与句的作用 感叹词 interj.(interjection) 表示话时产生的情绪 练一练 1. Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. A.宾补 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.表语 【答案】B 2. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.表语 【答案】C 3. The first week was a little confusing. A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.表语 【答案】D 4. Jack offered me some helpful advice. A. indirect object B. direct object C. adverbial D. attributive 【答案】B 5. The meeting held yesterday was important. A. verb B. object C. attributive D.adverbial 【答案】C 6. The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.定语 【答案】B 7. John found it no easy job to get concentrated. A.表语 B.宾补 C.宾语 D.间接宾语 【答案】B 8. The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.划线部分是什么短语?在句子中做什么成分? A.Adj.P 定语 B. Adj.P 状语 C. Adv.P 状语 D.Adv.P 定语 【答案】C 9. Some students find it very hard to understand English grammar.划线部分是 . A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.状语 【答案】A 10. I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. What sentence element (子成分) does the underlined part serve as? A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D。同位语 【答案】A 句子类型 一)英语句子按照其用途可分四种 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意): Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 二)英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1.简单句:简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构(或并列主语和并列谓语)并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下: 1)SVP(主十系+表) 2)S V(主+谓) 3)SVO(主十谓+宾) 4)S VOO(主+谓+间宾十直宾) 5)SVOC(主十谓+宾+宾补) 2.并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。并列句的分类: (1)表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only...but also..., neither...nor.... then 等连接 e. g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. (2)表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either...or..., otherwise 等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. (3)表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still,however, yet, while, when 等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. (4)表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so,for,therefore 等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 3.复合句:复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。 五种基本句型梳理 一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语形成主谓结构，如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 SV(不及物动词) 1. The sun ┃was shining.太阳在照耀着 2. The moon┃rose. 月亮升起了。 3.The universe ┃remains.宁宙长存 4.We all┃breathe,eat,and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5.Who┃cares?管它呢? 6. What he said┃does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系 7. They┃ talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen┃writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be,look,keep,seem 等属一类，表示情况;get, grow,become,tum 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 S┃V(是系动词)┃P 1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典. 2.The dinner┃smells┃good.午餐的气味很好。 3.He ┃fell ┃in love.他堕入了情网。 4.Everything┃ looks ┃different. 一切看来都不同了, 5.He┃is growing ┃tall and strong.他长得又高又壮 6.The trouble ┃is┃ that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well ┃has gone ┃dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face ┃turned┃ red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构:There be 表示'存在有’。这里的 there 没有实际意义，不可与副词'there 那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示'(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there 无实意，后一个 there 为副词'那里’。 三:SVO(主十谓十宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是'代词宾格’，如:me，him，them 等 SV(及物动词)|O 1.Who┃knows┃the answer? 谁知道答案? 2.She┃smiled┃ her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。 3.He ┃has refused ┃to help them.他拒绝帮他们。 4.He┃enjoys┃reading.他喜欢看书。 5.They ┃ate┃what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 6.He┃said┃ "Good morning."他说:"早上好! 7.I┃want ┃to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8.He┃admits┃ that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。 四:SVOO(主+谓+间宾十直宾) 这种结构的核心特征是必须同时带两个宾语，缺少任一宾语语义不完整。例如: × He gave.(给了什么？给了谁？→语义残缺) × He gave me (给了我什么？→语义残缺) √ He gave me a gift (语义完整) SV┃O（间接宾语）┃O（直接宾语） 1.She **gave** *me* *a gift*. （她给了我一份礼物。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 2.He **told** *us* *a secret*. （他告诉我们一个秘密。）  主语    谓语  间接宾语  直接宾语 3.My mom **made** *me* *a cake*. （妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。） 主语          谓语    间接宾语    直接宾语 4.I **pass** *him* *the salt*? （能把盐递给他吗？） 主语  谓语     间接宾语  直接宾语 5.The company **offered** *her* *a job*. （公司给她提供了一份工作。）  主语            谓语    间接宾语    直接宾语 6.I **owe** *you* *an apology*. （我欠你一个道歉。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 7.She **read** *the children* *a story*. （她给孩子们读了一个故事。） 主语    谓语       间接宾语       直接宾语 8.He **sent** *his friend* *an invitation*. （他给朋友发了一份邀请函。） 主语      谓语       间接宾语       直接宾语 9.They **promised** *the team* *a bonus*. （他们承诺给团队奖金。） 主语      谓语           间接宾语       直接宾语 10.We **wish** *you* *good luck*! （我们祝你好运！） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 11.She **taught** *us* *French*. （她教我们法语。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 12.He **lent** *his brother* *some money*. （他借给弟弟一些钱。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语      直接宾语 13.The waiter **served** *the guests* *wine*. （服务员给客人倒酒。）  主语         谓语           间接宾语    直接宾语 14.I **handed** *the teacher* *my homework*. （我把作业交给老师。） 主语    谓语           间接宾语        直接宾语 15.She **showed** *her parents* *her diploma*. （她向父母展示了毕业证书。） 主语        谓语             间接宾语        直接宾语 16.He **bought** *his daughter* *a doll*. （他给女儿买了一个洋娃娃。） 主语     谓语         间接宾语         直接宾语 17.They **awarded** *the scientist* *a prize*. （他们授予科学家一个奖项。）      主语       谓语           间接宾语        直接宾语 18.Can you **find** *me* *a pen*? （能帮我找支笔吗？） 主语           谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 19. She **sang** *the baby* *a lullaby*. （她给宝宝唱了一首摇篮曲。）    主语    谓语    间接宾语      直接宾语 20. We **reserved** *them* *two seats*. （我们为他们预留了两个座位。） 主语    谓语          间接宾语  直接宾语 五、SVOC（主语+谓语“及物动词”+宾语+宾语补足语） 主+谓+宾+宾补和主+谓+宾不同之处的核心在于前者必须加上宾补（补充解释宾语）句意才完整，后者不需接宾补句意也完整。例如：I like basketball 主+谓+宾 该句无需加宾补，语义完整。The News made her sad(消息使她伤心)是主+谓+宾+宾补结构句意完整。如果去掉宾补The News made her(消息使她？)，语义残缺。 1.They **elected** *him* *president*. （他们选举他为总统。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 2.The joke **made** *everyone* *laugh*. （笑话让所有人都笑了。）  主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 3.I **found** *the book* *interesting*. （我发现这本书很有趣。）  主语  谓语 宾语 宾补 4.She **painted** *the door* *red*. （她把门漆成了红色。）  主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 5.We **named** *our cat* *Milo*. （我们给猫取名叫米洛。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 6.He **considers** *this* *his duty*. （他认为这是他的责任。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 7.The teacher **kept** *the students* *quiet*. （老师让学生们保持安静。）  主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 8.They **left** *the window* *open*. （他们让窗户开着。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 9.I **prefer** *my tea* *hot*. （我喜欢茶热着喝。） 主语  谓语 宾语 宾补 10.The news **rendered** *her* *speechless*. （消息让她说不出话来。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 11.He **proved** *the theory* *correct*. （他证明了理论是正确的。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 12.We **saw** *him* *running*. （我们看见他在跑步。） 主语 谓语 语 宾补 13.The judge **declared** *the man* *innocent*. （法官宣布那人无罪。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 14.They **pushed** *the door* *open*. （他们把门推开了。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 15.She **dyed** *her hair* *blue*. （她把头发染成了蓝色。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 16. I **like** *my coffee* *black*. （我喜欢喝黑咖啡。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 17.She **wishes** *her children* *happy*. （她希望孩子们快乐。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 18. He **set** *the prisoners* *free*. （他释放了囚犯。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 19.We **heard** *her* *singing*. （我们听见她在唱歌。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 20. They **appointed** *her* *manager*. （他们任命她为经理。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 练一练 1. My father bought last week. A. me a book B. a book me C. me to a book D. a book with me 2. Which structure is right ? A. Your father is ill in bed.(S +V) B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O ) C. Your team won the match. ( S + V+ O + OC ) D. He seems ill.( S+ V+ P) 3.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 该句的句子结构是 . A. SVOO B. SVOC C. SVO D. SVA 4. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.该句的句子结构是 . A. SVP B. SVOO C. SVOC D. SVOA 5. The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones. The underlined part is: . A.状语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语 6. “y English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. " The main structure of the sentence is . A.S+V B. S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC 7. He gave his mother a gold necklace for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. The underlined part serves as . A. Subject B. Predicative C. Direct Object D. Indirect Object 8. The sentence structure (结构) of“The tips below may help you.” is . A. SVP B. SVOO C. SVOC D. SVO 9. The sentence structure of“The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is . A. SVO B. SVOO C. SVOC D. SV 10. The sentence structure of“A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.” is . A. SVO B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SVP 11. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(判断句子结构类型) A. S+V B.S+V+O C，S+V+O+C D，S+V+IO+DC 12. for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A. Being ill B. He was ill C.Having been ill D. To be ill 【参考答案】 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.B Part3 当堂练习 1. Generally (speak), it is impolite to inquire about women's age and personal affairs in Western countries.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Frankly (speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved.(所给词的适当形式填空) 3. You should tell your parents that you're fine, otherwise, they will be concerned you.(用适当的单词填空) 4. Due carelessness, your mistakes may have serious results.(用适当的词填空) 5. Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it person.(用适当的词填空) 6. After he greeted his friend, they (begin)to talk.(所给词的适当形式填空) 7. (owe)to playing computer games too often, an increasing number of students develop short -sightedness.(所给词的适当形式填空) 8. I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. 9. On the airplane, she (fasten) her seat belt and wondered what she would face.(所给词的适当形式填空) 10.--May I ask for leave tomorrow?(用适当的代词填空) --No, you can't. applying for the scholarship must be present. 参考答案 1. speaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:一般来说,询问西方国家女性的年龄和个人事务是不礼貌的。短语 generally speaking，意为“一般来说”，符合句意，修饰后面的句子作状语，已有 Generally，故填 speaking。 2. speaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意:坦率地说，我认为你的发音应该改进。短语 frankly speaking，意为“坦白地说;打开天窗说亮话”，符合句意，修饰后面的句子作状语，故填speaking。 3. a勱潴幷肚餅祖密籤蹑珬筮➃ゝ范俜魎投ⓒ抛喊 【详解】考查介词。句意:你应该告诉你的父母你很好，不然他们会很担忧你的。be concerned about...意为“担心…”，为固定搭配。故填 about。 4. to 【详解】考查介词短语。句意:由于粗心大意，你的错误可能会造成严重的后果。due to 由于，介词短语后接名词或名词词组，作原因状语，符合题意。故填 to。 5. in 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时，他们确信这件文物可追溯到 15 世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考査固定搭配 in person，表示“亲自”的意思，符合句意。故填 in。 6. began 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意:他和他的朋友打过招呼后，他们就开始交谈。after 引导的时间状语从句中的动词时态为一般过去时，根据句意，陈述过去的动作用一般过去时，故填 began。 7. Owing 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意为:由于玩电脑游戏太频繁，越来越多的学生近视。固定搭配:owing to“由于”，和其动名词词组 playing computer games too often 作原因状语，位于句首，首字母用大写开头。故填Owing. 8. its 【详解】考査代词。句意:我抱着一个被母亲遗弃的活泼的三个月大的双胞胎。此句中有定语从句，先行词为a lively three-month-old twin，名词单数形式，从句中，介词 by的宾语为 mother，设空处应填形容词性物主代词 its，作 mother 的定语。故填 its。 9.fastened 固定 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:在飞机上，她系好安全带，不知道自己将面对什么。根据后文 wondered 提示时态，fasten是规则动词，过去式为fastened,因此，答案为fastened. 10.Anyone 【详解】句意：任何一名申请奖学金的人必须在场，结合句意可知答案为anyone. Part4 课后巩固 选词填空 A. deals B. created C.caught D.participated E.covered F. cost G.evidence H.named I. launched J. highlighted K. products THE 15th CHINA INTERNATIONAL AVIATION AND AEROSPACE EXHIBITION, also known as Airshow China was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Province, from November 12 to 17, 2024. A total of 1.022 companies from 47 countries and regions 1 in the six-day event. Up to 261 aircraft and 248 types of ground equipment were on display. Nearly 590,000 people attended the event.Business 2 totaling around 285.6 billion yuan were signed at the exhibition. Some star 3 included the J-35A stealth fighter jet, J-l5T fighter jet and HQ-19 surface-to-air missile-weapon system. The cargo hold of the Y-20aircraft was shown to the public. Unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ships also 4 people's attention. In addition,the exhibition 5 some exciting new altitudes, from the far side of the Moon over 380,000 kilo-meters away to low-altitude airspace less than 1.000 meters above the ground. A sample of lunar soil was among the most notable items. It had been brought back by the Chang'e-6 mission. This 75-milligran piece 6 China's recent progress and international cooperation in space exploration.It is 7 that the country's ancient dream came true. On November 15,China 8 Tianzhou-8. The cargo craft now delivers supplies to the Tiangong space station. More options for space delivery are on the way. Among them is a new space cargo shuttle 9 Haolong. It was introduced by the Aviation Industry Corporation/ of China (AVIC) at the airshow.According to the company, the shuttle could greatly cut the 10 of transporting cargo to and from China's space station. 【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.K 4.C 5.E 6.J 7.G 8.I 9.H 10.F 翻译 1.司机承认他该对这起事故负责。(blame)(汉译英) 【答案】The driver admitted that he was to blame for the accident. 2.值得一提的是，这位富有想象力的作家在空难中幸存下来。(survive)(汉译英) 【答案】It is worth mentioning that the imaginative writer survived the plane crash. 3.该城市是否已经下定决心采取有效措施减少碳足迹需拭目以待。(remain)(汉译英) 【答案】Whether the city has made up its mind to take effective measures to reduce its carbon footprint remains to be seen. 第 1 页 共 4 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025-2026 学年上海市高一英语上学期--句子成分&基本句型S Part1 课前热身 1. The change won't make you disappointed.(对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A.谓语 B.主语 C.宾补 D.直接宾语 2. Our English teacher recommended us a reference book whose content was detailed and well-organized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分: . A.object(宾语) B.attributive(定语) C.adverbial(状语) D.complement (补语) 3. The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分 A.状语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D:宾语补足语 4. The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities.划线部分在句中充当 . A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语 5. Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities.划线部分在句中充当 . A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语 6. I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? A.Subject(主语). B. Object (宾语). C.Predictive(表语). D.Object complement(宾语补足语) 7. The report sounds interesting. A. object B. subject C. complement D. predicative 8. There is always something excited to do. A.主语 B. 宾语 C.宾补 D.状语 9. It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语 10. Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语 提高题: 判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A.主+谓 B.主+系+表 C，主+谓+宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补 E.主+谓+双宾语 1. After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually turned into full-on bright green leaves. 2. According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” 3. For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over l, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today's reference. 4. Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. 5. In 2017., the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. 6. The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. 7. In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. 8. After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. 9. The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. 10. In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. Part2 知识梳理 句子基本成分与词性的对应关系 词类 英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1.名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange 2.代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she,you, it. 3.形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white,orange 4.数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third, fourth 5.动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see 6.副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度。如: now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7.冠词(art.):用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如:a. an, the. 8.介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如:in,on,from,above,behind 9.连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如:and,but, before 10.感叹词(interj.):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词十主要动词)构成，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: What happened? The plane took off at ten o'clock 2.复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如: They are engineers. *英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词 have,get, take,give 等。如: I had a swim yesterday.(had a swim 代替了swam) Take a look at that!(take a look 代替了 look) (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如 be,become,get,look,grow,turn ,seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句表示。例如: The wedding was that Sunday.婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词) The book is hers.(代词) We are seven.(数词) Are you busy?(形容词) Time is up.(副词) All I could do was to wait.(不定式) Complimenting is lying.(动名词) I'm very pleased with what he has done.(过去分词) She is in good health.(介词短语) Is that why you were angry?(从句) This is where I first met her.(从句) *能做系动词的实义动词: come,go, run, turn, get, become, keep,stay,make(表变化的动词) fell. sound.smell.look.taste(感观动词) seem,appear (似乎，好像) 例如: Our dream has come true.我的梦想实现了。(come 后常加 easy, loose,natural 等) He fell sick. 他病了。 Keep fit.保重。 keep 作为系动词还常接 quiet,calm,cool,well,warm,silent, clean,dry The well ran dry.这口井干枯了。(short, loose,wild.cold 等) A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。例如: Do you fancy a drink?(名词) They won't hurt us.(代词) If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.(数词) I shall do my possible.(名词化形容词) He left there last week.(副词) Does she really mean to leave home?(不定式) He never did the unexpected.(名词化的分词) Do you understand what I mean?(从句) * 宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人)，具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb),常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make,offer, owe, pass, pay, play,promise,read,save,sell,send,show,sing,take 等，间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如:I have found him a place. (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如 make 等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: His father named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词) You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语 We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) *形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。如: The man, cruel beyond belief, didn't listen to their pleadings. (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。 如: Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country, America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) The car that' s parked outside is mine.(从句) (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可用作状语的有副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。 The girl is improving remarkably.(副词及副词性词组) I come specially to see you.(不定式) The boy was praised for his bravery.(介词短语) Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.(分词) If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.(从句) *副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中. Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. *状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 *状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?(时间状语) There are plenty of fish in the sea.(地点状语) Because he was ill,Tom lost his job.(原因状语) She spoke so softly that I couldn't hear what she said.(结果状语) In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.(目的状语) If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(条件状语) He helped me although he didn't know me.(让步状语) To what extent would you trust them?(程度状语) He stood there, pipe in mouth.(伴随状语) This book is more instructive than that one.(比较状语) Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.(方式状语) (九)同位语:当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。可用作同位语的有:名词、代词、动名词、数词、不定式短语、从句等。 Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview.(名词及其短语) We both like the movie.(代词) Are you two ready?(数词) He enjoys the exercise,swimming in winter.(动名词短语) The question what to do next hasn't been considered.(不定式短语) All the countries, big or small, are equal.(形容词及其短语) You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike.(名词性从句) 句子成分与词性的对应关系 实 词 名称 句法作用 名词 n.(noun) 主、表、宾、补、定、同 代词 pron.(pronoun) 主、宾、表、补、定、同 数词 num.(numeral) 主、表、宾、定、同 动词 v.(verb) 谓语动词:谓 非谓语动词:主、表、宾、补、定、状 形容词 adj.(adjective) 表、补、定、补 副词 adv.(adverb) 表、状 虚 词 冠词 art.(article) 用在名词前帮助说明该名词的含义 介词 prep.(preposition) 常与名词或与之相当的词构成介词短语 连词 conj.(conjunction) 连接词与词、短语与短语、或句与句的作用 感叹词 interj.(interjection) 表示话时产生的情绪 练一练 1. Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. A.宾补 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.表语 2. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.表语 3. The first week was a little confusing. A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.表语 4. Jack offered me some helpful advice. A. indirect object B. direct object C. adverbial D. attributive 5. The meeting held yesterday was important. A. verb B. object C. attributive D.adverbial 6. The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.定语 7. John found it no easy job to get concentrated. A.表语 B.宾补 C.宾语 D.间接宾语 8. The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.划线部分是什么短语?在句子中做什么成分? A.Adj.P 定语 B. Adj.P 状语 C. Adv.P 状语 D.Adv.P 定语 9. Some students find it very hard to understand English grammar.划线部分是 . A.宾语 B.补语 C.定语 D.状语 10. I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. What sentence element (子成分) does the underlined part serve as? A.定语 B.宾语 C.状语 D。同位语 句子类型 一)英语句子按照其用途可分四种 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意): Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 二)英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句 1.简单句:简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构(或并列主语和并列谓语)并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下: 1)SVP(主十系+表) 2)S V(主+谓) 3)SVO(主十谓+宾) 4)S VOO(主+谓+间宾十直宾) 5)SVOC(主十谓+宾+宾补) 2.并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。并列句的分类: (1)表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only...but also..., neither...nor.... then 等连接 e. g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. (2)表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either...or..., otherwise 等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. (3)表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still,however, yet, while, when 等。 e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. (4)表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so,for,therefore 等。 e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 3.复合句:复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。 五种基本句型梳理 一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语形成主谓结构，如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 SV(不及物动词) 1. The sun ┃was shining.太阳在照耀着 2. The moon┃rose. 月亮升起了。 3.The universe ┃remains.宁宙长存 4.We all┃breathe,eat,and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5.Who┃cares?管它呢? 6. What he said┃does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系 7. They┃ talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen┃writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be,look,keep,seem 等属一类，表示情况;get, grow,become,tum 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 S┃V(是系动词)┃P 1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典. 2.The dinner┃smells┃good.午餐的气味很好。 3.He ┃fell ┃in love.他堕入了情网。 4.Everything┃ looks ┃different. 一切看来都不同了, 5.He┃is growing ┃tall and strong.他长得又高又壮 6.The trouble ┃is┃ that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well ┃has gone ┃dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face ┃turned┃ red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构:There be 表示'存在有’。这里的 there 没有实际意义，不可与副词'there 那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示'(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there 无实意，后一个 there 为副词'那里’。 三:SVO(主十谓十宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是'代词宾格’，如:me，him，them 等 SV(及物动词)|O 1.Who┃knows┃the answer? 谁知道答案? 2.She┃smiled┃ her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。 3.He ┃has refused ┃to help them.他拒绝帮他们。 4.He┃enjoys┃reading.他喜欢看书。 5.They ┃ate┃what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 6.He┃said┃ "Good morning."他说:"早上好! 7.I┃want ┃to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8.He┃admits┃ that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。 四:SVOO(主+谓+间宾十直宾) 这种结构的核心特征是必须同时带两个宾语，缺少任一宾语语义不完整。例如: × He gave.(给了什么？给了谁？→语义残缺) × He gave me (给了我什么？→语义残缺) √ He gave me a gift (语义完整) SV┃O（间接宾语）┃O（直接宾语） 1.She **gave** *me* *a gift*. （她给了我一份礼物。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 2.He **told** *us* *a secret*. （他告诉我们一个秘密。）  主语    谓语  间接宾语  直接宾语 3.My mom **made** *me* *a cake*. （妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。） 主语          谓语    间接宾语    直接宾语 4.I **pass** *him* *the salt*? （能把盐递给他吗？） 主语  谓语     间接宾语  直接宾语 5.The company **offered** *her* *a job*. （公司给她提供了一份工作。）  主语            谓语    间接宾语    直接宾语 6.I **owe** *you* *an apology*. （我欠你一个道歉。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 7.She **read** *the children* *a story*. （她给孩子们读了一个故事。） 主语    谓语       间接宾语       直接宾语 8.He **sent** *his friend* *an invitation*. （他给朋友发了一份邀请函。） 主语      谓语       间接宾语       直接宾语 9.They **promised** *the team* *a bonus*. （他们承诺给团队奖金。） 主语      谓语           间接宾语       直接宾语 10.We **wish** *you* *good luck*! （我们祝你好运！） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 11.She **taught** *us* *French*. （她教我们法语。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 12.He **lent** *his brother* *some money*. （他借给弟弟一些钱。） 主语    谓语    间接宾语      直接宾语 13.The waiter **served** *the guests* *wine*. （服务员给客人倒酒。）  主语         谓语           间接宾语    直接宾语 14.I **handed** *the teacher* *my homework*. （我把作业交给老师。） 主语    谓语           间接宾语        直接宾语 15.She **showed** *her parents* *her diploma*. （她向父母展示了毕业证书。） 主语        谓语             间接宾语        直接宾语 16.He **bought** *his daughter* *a doll*. （他给女儿买了一个洋娃娃。） 主语     谓语         间接宾语         直接宾语 17.They **awarded** *the scientist* *a prize*. （他们授予科学家一个奖项。）      主语       谓语           间接宾语        直接宾语 18.Can you **find** *me* *a pen*? （能帮我找支笔吗？） 主语           谓语    间接宾语  直接宾语 19. She **sang** *the baby* *a lullaby*. （她给宝宝唱了一首摇篮曲。）    主语    谓语    间接宾语      直接宾语 20. We **reserved** *them* *two seats*. （我们为他们预留了两个座位。） 主语    谓语          间接宾语  直接宾语 五、SVOC（主语+谓语“及物动词”+宾语+宾语补足语） 主+谓+宾+宾补和主+谓+宾不同之处的核心在于前者必须加上宾补（补充解释宾语）句意才完整，后者不需接宾补句意也完整。例如：I like basketball 主+谓+宾 该句无需加宾补，语义完整。The News made her sad(消息使她伤心)是主+谓+宾+宾补结构句意完整。如果去掉宾补The News made her(消息使她？)，语义残缺。 1.They **elected** *him* *president*. （他们选举他为总统。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 2.The joke **made** *everyone* *laugh*. （笑话让所有人都笑了。）  主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 3.I **found** *the book* *interesting*. （我发现这本书很有趣。）  主语  谓语 宾语 宾补 4.She **painted** *the door* *red*. （她把门漆成了红色。）  主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 5.We **named** *our cat* *Milo*. （我们给猫取名叫米洛。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 6.He **considers** *this* *his duty*. （他认为这是他的责任。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 7.The teacher **kept** *the students* *quiet*. （老师让学生们保持安静。）  主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 8.They **left** *the window* *open*. （他们让窗户开着。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 9.I **prefer** *my tea* *hot*. （我喜欢茶热着喝。） 主语  谓语 宾语 宾补 10.The news **rendered** *her* *speechless*. （消息让她说不出话来。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 11.He **proved** *the theory* *correct*. （他证明了理论是正确的。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 12.We **saw** *him* *running*. （我们看见他在跑步。） 主语 谓语 语 宾补 13.The judge **declared** *the man* *innocent*. （法官宣布那人无罪。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 14.They **pushed** *the door* *open*. （他们把门推开了。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 15.She **dyed** *her hair* *blue*. （她把头发染成了蓝色。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 16. I **like** *my coffee* *black*. （我喜欢喝黑咖啡。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 17.She **wishes** *her children* *happy*. （她希望孩子们快乐。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 18. He **set** *the prisoners* *free*. （他释放了囚犯。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 19.We **heard** *her* *singing*. （我们听见她在唱歌。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 20. They **appointed** *her* *manager*. （他们任命她为经理。） 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 练一练 1. My father bought last week. A. me a book B. a book me C. me to a book D. a book with me 2. Which structure is right ? A. Your father is ill in bed.(S +V) B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O ) C. Your team won the match. ( S + V+ O + OC ) D. He seems ill.( S+ V+ P) 3.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 该句的句子结构是 . A. SVOO B. SVOC C. SVO D. SVA 4. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.该句的句子结构是 . A. SVP B. SVOO C. SVOC D. SVOA 5. The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones. The underlined part is: . A.状语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语 6. “y English teacher always advises me to speak English more often. " The main structure of the sentence is . A.S+V B. S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC 7. He gave his mother a gold necklace for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. The underlined part serves as . A. Subject B. Predicative C. Direct Object D. Indirect Object 8. The sentence structure (结构) of“The tips below may help you.” is . A. SVP B. SVOO C. SVOC D. SVO 9. The sentence structure of“The humorous joke made us laugh in class.” is . A. SVO B. SVOO C. SVOC D. SV 10. The sentence structure of“A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.” is . A. SVO B.SVOO C.SVOC D.SVP 11. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(判断句子结构类型) A. S+V B.S+V+O C，S+V+O+C D，S+V+IO+DC 12. for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed. A. Being ill B. He was ill C.Having been ill D. To be ill Part3 当堂练习 1. Generally (speak), it is impolite to inquire about women's age and personal affairs in Western countries.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Frankly (speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved.(所给词的适当形式填空) 3. You should tell your parents that you're fine, otherwise, they will be concerned you.(用适当的单词填空) 4. Due carelessness, your mistakes may have serious results.(用适当的词填空) 5. Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it person.(用适当的词填空) 6. After he greeted his friend, they (begin)to talk.(所给词的适当形式填空) 7. (owe)to playing computer games too often, an increasing number of students develop short -sightedness.(所给词的适当形式填空) 8. I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. 9. On the airplane, she (fasten) her seat belt and wondered what she would face.(所给词的适当形式填空) 10.--May I ask for leave tomorrow?(用适当的代词填空) --No, you can't. applying for the scholarship must be present. 参考答案 Part4 课后巩固 选词填空 A. deals B. created C.caught D.participated E.covered F. cost G.evidence H.named I. launched J. highlighted K. products THE 15th CHINA INTERNATIONAL AVIATION AND AEROSPACE EXHIBITION, also known as Airshow China was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Province, from November 12 to 17, 2024. A total of 1.022 companies from 47 countries and regions 1 in the six-day event. Up to 261 aircraft and 248 types of ground equipment were on display. Nearly 590,000 people attended the event.Business 2 totaling around 285.6 billion yuan were signed at the exhibition. Some star 3 included the J-35A stealth fighter jet, J-l5T fighter jet and HQ-19 surface-to-air missile-weapon system. The cargo hold of the Y-20aircraft was shown to the public. Unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ships also 4 people's attention. In addition,the exhibition 5 some exciting new altitudes, from the far side of the Moon over 380,000 kilo-meters away to low-altitude airspace less than 1.000 meters above the ground. A sample of lunar soil was among the most notable items. It had been brought back by the Chang'e-6 mission. This 75-milligran piece 6 China's recent progress and international cooperation in space exploration.It is 7 that the country's ancient dream came true. On November 15,China 8 Tianzhou-8. The cargo craft now delivers supplies to the Tiangong space station. More options for space delivery are on the way. Among them is a new space cargo shuttle 9 Haolong. It was introduced by the Aviation Industry Corporation/ of China (AVIC) at the airshow.According to the company, the shuttle could greatly cut the 10 of transporting cargo to and from China's space station. 翻译 1.司机承认他该对这起事故负责。(blame)(汉译英) 2.值得一提的是，这位富有想象力的作家在空难中幸存下来。(survive)(汉译英) 3.该城市是否已经下定决心采取有效措施减少碳足迹需拭目以待。(remain)(汉译英) 第 1 页 共 16 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $