专题20 语法填空之人文与自然环境篇-备战2026年高考英语一轮复习零失误必刷题（高考真题+拔高创新创新模拟）

专题20 人文与自然环境 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 目录 1. 高考真题练 2. 创新基础练 3. 高考模拟练 一 高考真题练 1.（2022·浙江·高考真题） 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — 2 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 3 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 4 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 5 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 6 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 7 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 8 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 9 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 10 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding.", she says, "a really positive change." 【答案】 1．who/that 2．is viewed/has been viewed 3．are 4．changing 5．roughly 6．have promised 7．whether/if 8．the 9．invitation 10．to continue 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。 1．考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 2．考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。 4．考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。 5．考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。 6．考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 8．考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。 9．考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 10．考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 2.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 11 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 12 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 13 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 14 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 15 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 16 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 17 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 18 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 19 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 20 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 11．to catch 12．treasures 13．what 14．were 15．be done 16．its 17．for 18．completion 19．largest 20．which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 12．考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 13．考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 14．考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 15．考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 16．考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 17．考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 18．考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 19．考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 20．考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 3.（2022·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September 1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light. The light did not come from the sun or the moon — and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, 21 (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind. In the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portland, 160 km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but 22 could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth, 23 it is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it 24 (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is made by something 25 (call) the ‘solar wind’ (wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun all the time at about 400 kilometres a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it 26 these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two ‘windows’ in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places, the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash into the particles that are already in our sky. And 27 this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place 28 (see) the aurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland. To see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometres to see the aurora, and they can never be sure 29 it will happen. But 30 does see it says that they will never forget it. 【答案】 21．coming 22．they 23．where 24．has not happened 25．called 26．against 27．when/as 28．to see 29．whether/if 30．whoever 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了极光。 21．考查现在分词。句意：光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，且come与 The light为主动关系。故填coming。 22．考查代词作作主语。句意：他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知，后半句的主语也为“they”，故填they。 23．考查定语从句。句意：通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very north of the earth，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 24．考查现在完成时的否定结构。句意：我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，主语it表示单数意义，故填has not happened。 25．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：极光是由一种叫做“太阳风”（来自太阳的分高）的东西产生。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，something与call为被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰something，故填called。 26．考查介词。句意：地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against...“保卫……以免受……”，故填against。 27．考查时间状语从句。句意：当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen? (为什么会发生极光？)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，用when或as引导时间状语从句，故填when/as。 28．考查动词不定式。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。根据句子谓语动词is判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式：(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填to see。 29．考查宾语从句。句意：人们千里迢迢去看极光，却永远无法确定它是否会发生。此处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用whether或if引导，故填whether或if。 30．考查主语从句。句意：但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填whoever。 4.（2021·全国甲卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 31 (build) originally to protect the city 32 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible   33 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 34 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 35 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We 36 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 37 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 38 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 39 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 40 (day) routines. 【答案】 31．was built 32．in/during 33．to walk 34．spending 35．better 36．hired 37．but 38．the 39．watchtowers 40．daily 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。 31．考查动词语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填was built。 32．考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”，应用介词in或during。故填in或during。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词，应用动名词，作介词宾语。故填spending。 35．考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。 36．考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired。 37．考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 38．考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直，完全地”。故填the。 39．考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。 40．考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines，应用形容词daily，作定语。故填daily。 5.（2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 41 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 42 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 43 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 44 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 45 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 46 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 47 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 48 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 49 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 50 must to visit! 【答案】 41．What 42．humans 43．undoubtedly 44．hotter 45．astonished 46．was 47．and 48．aching 49．mine 50．a 【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。 41．考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 42．考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 43．考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。 44．考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。 45．考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。 46．考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。 47．考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。 48．考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。 49．考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。 50．考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。 二 创新基础练 1.（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the high-altitude terrain of Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, Zhaotong city has transformed from a traditional farming region into the 1 (large) high-quality apple production base in southern China, 2 (reshape) the lives of once impoverished residents. 3 (locate) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhaotong’s 4 (combine) of low latitude, high altitude, ample sunshine, and significant daily temperature swings has provided ideal conditions for growing sweet, crisp apples. The citywide industry now spans nearly 66,700 hectares, 5 an output of 1.3 million tons last year and a comprehensive economic value of 15 billion yuan ($2.07 billion). The apple industry 6 (benefit) 138,000 households so far, or about 527,000 people. In April last year, apples from Zhaotong were part of the fresh food supply for astronauts aboard 7 Shenzhou-18 spacecraft, becoming a powerful engine of economic growth and rural vitalization, according to the local agriculture and rural affairs department. In Zhaoyang, 8 is the core district in the city, a massive 6,670-hectare orchard is regarded as the largest high-density apple base in the country, with 118 apple 9 (variety). It has employed advanced techniques from New Zealand 10 other countries, such as dwarf rootstocks and an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, said Yang Longjiang, director of the district’s industry development center. 【答案】 1．largest 2．reshaping 3．Located 4．combination 5．with 6．has benefited 7．the 8．which 9．varieties 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。云南昭通从传统农业区变为中国南方最大优质苹果基地，产业规模大、效益高，助农增收并促乡村振兴。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：在中国西南部云南省的高海拔地区，昭通市已从传统农业区转变为中国南方最大的优质苹果生产基地，重塑了曾经贫困居民的生活。根据空前的the以及范围限定“in southern China”可知，此处应用形容词large的最高级形式，表示“最大的”，符合语境。故填largest。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国西南部云南省的高海拔地区，昭通市已从传统农业区转变为中国南方最大的优质苹果生产基地，重塑了曾经贫困居民的生活。此空考查非谓语，Zhaotong city与reshape为主动关系，再由语境可知，此空应用现在分词作结果状语。故填reshaping。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：昭通位于云贵高原，低纬度、高海拔、充足光照和显著昼夜温差的结合，为种植香甜脆爽的苹果提供了理想条件。此空考查非谓语，Zhaotong与locate为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作状语，be located on，为固定短语，意为“位于……”；这里去掉be动词作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Located。 4．考查名词。句意：昭通位于云贵高原，低纬度、高海拔、充足光照和显著昼夜温差的结合，为种植香甜脆爽的苹果提供了理想条件。此处应用名词作主语，combine的名词形式为combination，为可数名词，且根据空后的has可知，应用单数形式。故填combination。 5．考查介词。句意：目前全市苹果产业面积近6.67万公顷，去年产量130万吨，综合经济价值150亿元（约合20.7亿美元）。此处表示“具有……产量”，应用介词with。故填with。 6．考查时态。句意：当地农业农村部门表示，到目前为止，苹果产业已惠及13.8万户家庭，约52.7万人。此空考查谓语动词，The apple industry与benefit为主动关系，再根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语The apple industry为单数。故填has benefited。 7．考查冠词。句意：去年4月，昭通苹果成为神舟十八号航天员的新鲜食品供应之一，成为经济增长和乡村振兴的强大引擎。“Shenzhou-18 spacecraft” 为特定事物，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 8．考查定语从句。句意：昭阳区是该市的核心区，一个占地6670公顷的大型果园被视为全国最大的高密度苹果基地，拥有118个苹果品种。此处为定语从句，先行词为Zhaoyang，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查名词复数。句意：昭阳区是该市的核心区，一个占地6670公顷的大型果园被视为全国最大的高密度苹果基地，拥有118个苹果品种。根据空前的“118”可知，此处应用名词variety的复数形式。故填varieties。 10．考查连词。句意：该区产业发展中心主任杨龙江表示，该基地采用了来自新西兰和其他国家的先进技术，如矮化砧木和水肥一体化滴灌系统。此处表示“新西兰和其他国家”，为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 2. （2025·浙江宁波·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Paper is important. Almost everyone in the world uses paper on a daily basis. Now, a new company in Ukraine, Releaf Paper, has found a way to make paper more 11 ( friend) to the environment—it uses leaves instead of tree pulp and wood to make paper. Cities from around Europe send 12 (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper. Then, using a series of mechanical and chemical 13 (process), the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) 14 two point three tons of leaves. The material 15 is left over called lignin (木质素) and then is sent back to the cities 16 (use) as a sort of fertilizer. According to ZME Science, the process/sends out nearly 78 percent 17 (few) greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model. In addition, regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only 18 ( take) about 30 days. “Really, it’s a good solution because we are keeping the balance—we get fiber for making paper 19 return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees. This is what we call it a win-win model,”said Valentyn Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper. The hope is that in the coming years, the model will be able to expand to other countries worldwide, 20 (help) people deal with paper pollution. 【答案】 11．friendly 12．wasted 13．processes 14．from 15．that/which 16．to be used 17．fewer 18．takes 19．and 20．helping 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一家乌克兰公司利用落叶代替木浆生产环保纸张的创新方法，并阐述了其环保优势和循环经济模式。 11．考查形容词。句意：如今，乌克兰一家名为Releaf Paper的新公司找到了一种让纸张更环保的方法——它用树叶代替木浆和木材来造纸。空处为形容词形式担当宾语补足语，意为“对环境友好的”。故填friendly。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：欧洲各地的城市会将街道上的落叶废料送往Releaf Paper公司。空处为非谓语动词形式担当定语，意为“废弃的”，用过去分词形式。故填wasted。 13．考查名词的数。句意：之后，该公司通过一系列机械和化学处理流程，能从2.3吨树叶中提取出1吨纤维素。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据“a series of”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填processes。 14．考查介词。句意：之后，该公司通过一系列机械和化学处理流程，能从2.3吨树叶中提取出1吨纤维素。空处为介词形式，意为“从……中”，用介词“from”。故填from。 15．考查定语从句。句意：剩余的物质被称为木质素，会被送回这些城市，用作一种肥料。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“The material”在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：剩余的物质被称为木质素，会被送回这些城市，用作一种肥料。空处为非谓语动词形式担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式，且存在被动关系，表示“被用作”，故填to be used。 17．考查形容词比较级。句意：据《ZME 科学》报道，这种工艺比传统的造纸模式少排放近78%的温室气体。空处为修饰名词用形容词形式；根据下文的than可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填fewer。 18．考查谓语动词。句意：此外，普通纸张大约需要270天才能分解，而用树叶制成的纸张只需约30天。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为paper，和动词take之间为主动关系。故填takes。 19．考查连词。句意：Releaf Paper公司的创始人Valentyn Frechka表示：“说真的，这是一个很好的解决方案，因为我们保持了平衡 —— 我们获取造纸所需的纤维，同时将木质素返还给城市，用于给花园或树木施肥。这就是我们所说的双赢模式” 。空前“get fiber for making paper”和空后“return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees”之间为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们希望在未来几年里，这种模式能够推广到世界其他国家，帮助人们解决纸张污染问题。空处为非谓语动词形式担当结果状语，表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填helping。 3.（2025·河北秦皇岛·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you heard about the tiger who went to the dentist? It may sound like a joke, but tigers need dental care just as a human 21 (do), because their sharp teeth are vital for catching animals and eating. If a tiger has tooth trouble, it’s a serious problem, and that’s   22 the tiger went to the dentist. A big cat with bad teeth is often visited either by a doctor in the animal shelter   23 by a tiger dentist in the wildlife park. In May 2021, dentists were called 24 (assist) Skah, a 190-kilogram Bengal tiger at Lincolnshire Wildlife Park, with a   25 (damage) tooth. A root canal surgery was performed by 14 medical   26 (professional), who removed the infection and fitted a filling in the operation that lasted over four hours and 27 (present) online. Barron Hall, an animal dentist at the National Zoo in Washington, D．C．, explained that the job wasn’t as scary as it might sound. “I am more concerned about the tiger not waking up   28 her doing any type of damage to me.” With the populations of tigers in the wild still   29 (drop) due to climate change and habitat loss, the success of breeding (饲养) programs, where tiger dentists play a vital role in 30 (protect) for the tigers from extinction, is crucial. 【答案】 21．does 22．why 23．or 24．to assist 25．damaged 26．professionals 27．was presented 28．than 29．dropping 30．protection 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了老虎也需要牙科护理，以实例说明牙医为老虎治疗的情况及老虎牙医的重要性。 21．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这听起来可能像个笑话，但老虎和人类一样需要牙齿护理，因为它们锋利的牙齿对捕捉动物和进食至关重要。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及上文的谓语动词need可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语a human为单数，为避免重复，用助动词does代替needs dental care。故填does。 22．考查表语从句。句意：如果老虎有牙齿问题，那是个严重的问题，这就是老虎去看牙医的原因。此处为表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处表示“……的原因”，用连接副词why引导，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 23．考查固定搭配。句意：一只牙齿不好的大猫，要么会得到动物收容所医生的诊治，要么会得到野生动物园老虎牙医的诊治。此处为固定搭配either...or...，意为“要么……要么……”，所以用or。故填or。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：2021年5月，牙医们被叫来帮助林肯郡野生动物园一只190公斤重的孟加拉虎Skah处理一颗受损的牙齿。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据句意，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式to assist。故填to assist。 25．考查形容词。句意：2021年5月，牙医们被叫来帮助林肯郡野生动物园一只190公斤重的孟加拉虎Skah处理一颗受损的牙齿。此处修饰名词tooth，用damage的形容词形式damaged，意为“受损的”。故填damaged。 26．考查名词复数。句意：14名医疗专业人员进行了根管手术，他们清除了感染，并填充了牙齿，手术持续了4个多小时，并在网上直播。professional为可数名词，根据14可知，此处应用复数形式professionals，意为“专业人员”。故填professionals。 27．考查动词时态和语态。句意：14名医疗专业人员进行了根管手术，他们清除了感染，并填充了牙齿，手术持续了4个多小时，并在网上直播。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“In May 2021”可知，动作发生在过去，且operation与present为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was presented。故填was presented。 28．考查固定搭配。句意：我更担心的是老虎醒不过来，而不是她对我造成任何伤害。此处为固定搭配more...than...，意为“更……而不是……”，所以用than。故填than。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于气候变化和栖息地的丧失，野生老虎的数量仍在下降，因此，在保护老虎免于灭绝方面发挥重要作用的老虎牙医在饲养计划中的成功至关重要。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，populations与drop为主动关系，用现在分词dropping作宾补。故填dropping。 30．考查名词。句意：由于气候变化和栖息地的丧失，野生老虎的数量仍在下降，因此，在保护老虎免于灭绝方面发挥重要作用的老虎牙医在饲养计划中的成功至关重要。此处作介词in的宾语，protect的名词形式protection，意为“保护”，为不可数名词。故填protection。 4.（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Back in the Ming and Qing dynasties, most families in Huangyao were quite wealthy from merchant businesses, so they attached importance 31 town and housing fortification (防御), with the purpose of defending 32 (they) against enemy attackers and burglars. As a result, the town has a clever design, equipped with superb defensive features. There are four main gates to the town and street gates to each street. The eight streets are linked to the main street, 33 were all built with T-intersections rather than intersections, developing a maze-like system. The East Gate Tower, 34 (date) back to the early Qing Dynasty, is the best preserved and most secure gate tower in Huangyao. 35 (design) with openings for looking out, the tower acted as a defensive structure, while the Yaojiang River served as a moat (护城河). The design of traditional local residential complexes also shows a strong awareness of defense. A typical aspect of this philosophy is 36 families in the same clan (家族) tended to build their houses around 37 ancestral hall, so that they were close enough 38 (care) for and support each other. The Guo’s Residence is one of the best-preserved residential complexes in Huangyao. Covering an area of over 500 square meters, it is a typical courtyard-style dwelling. The residence 39 (main) consists of a front hall, a courtyard, a main hall and several bedrooms. In the past, a plaque (牌匾) 40 (present) by the imperial court during the reign of Daoguang Emperor in the Qing Dynasty, applauding the Guo family’s harmonious family environment. This plaque still remains in the complex. 【答案】 31．to 32．themselves 33．which 34．dating 35．Designed 36．that 37．an 38．to care 39．mainly 40．was presented 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了明清时期黄姚古镇因商户富裕而注重城镇与住房防御，其布局、城门及传统民居设计均体现防御意识，并举例郭氏故居。 31．考查介词。句意：早在明清时期，黄姚的大多数家庭都因经商而相当富裕，因此他们重视城镇和住房防御，目的是保护自己免受敌人的攻击和盗贼的侵扰。attach importance to...为固定搭配，意为“重视……”。故填to。 32．考查代词。句意同上。此处作defending的宾语，应用反身代词themselves，指代前面的most families，表示“他们自己”。故填themselves。 33．考查定语从句。句意：八条街道与主街相连，这些街道都是用T形交叉路口而不是十字路口建造的，形成了一个迷宫般的系统。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是streets，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：东门楼建于清初，是黄姚保存最完好、最安全的门楼。date back to...为固定短语，意为“追溯到……”，与The East Gate Tower之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：塔楼设计有向外看的开口，作为防御结构，而姚江则作为护城河。空处作非谓语动词，design和逻辑主语the tower之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Designed。 36．考查表语从句。句意：这种理念的一个典型体现是，同一家族的家庭往往围绕宗祠建房，以便彼此足够亲近，相互照顾和支持。此处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分和含义，应用that引导。故填that。 37．考查冠词。句意同上。ancestral hall为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且ancestral以元音音素开头，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“be+adj.+enough+to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to care。 39．考查副词。句意：住宅主要由前厅、庭院、正厅和几间卧室组成。此处修饰动词consists，应用副词mainly作状语，意为“主要地”。故填mainly。 40．考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：过去，道光皇帝在位期间，朝廷赠送了一块牌匾，赞扬郭氏家族和谐的家庭环境。根据时间状语In the past可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语a plaque和present之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was presented。 5.（2025·江苏南京·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 41 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 42 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high— along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 43 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 44 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village—a previously 45 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— 46 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 47 (hang) over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 48 (adventure) visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 49 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 50 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week. 【答案】 41．What 42．towering 43．where 44．is named 45．unfamous 46．has seen 47．hanging 48．adventurous 49．Despite 50．Backed 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国东南部一家乡村咖啡馆——古石崖咖啡馆因其独特的地理位置和惊险的体验而受到游客的欢迎，并在社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论。 41．考查名词性从句。句意：它的独特之处在于一个木制长凳，它被安置在离海70米高的惊人位置，可以欣赏到令人惊叹的海岸景色。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，因此空格处用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 42．考查形容词。句意：30岁的叶从高耸的130米悬崖（约43层楼高）沿着一条固定在岩壁上的铁索道下来，一路上有一名教练指导她。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词cliff，表示属性，应使用v-ing形式的形容词，意为“高耸的”。故填towering。 43．考查定语从句。句意：她花了30分钟到达那个地方，那里的悬崖边上有一个牌子，上面写着“古石崖咖啡”。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词spot表示地点，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 44．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这家咖啡馆以它所在的城镇命名——福建省省会福州的古石村。空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，故填is named。 45．考查形容词。句意：这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方，有一大群古老的石头房子，可以抵御海风——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，根据后文的“as the local government pushes for rural tourism(随着当地政府推动乡村旅游)”可知，这个村庄以前不出名，空格处应填表示“不出名的”含义的表达，故填unfamous。 46．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方，有一大群古老的石头房子，可以抵御海风——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。由“in recent years”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，时态用现在完成时，主语village是单数，故填has seen。 47．考查独立主格结构。句意：一到那里，叶的攀岩向导就端上了预先做好的咖啡，并拍下了叶坐在铺着毯子的长凳边缘，手里拿着咖啡，双腿悬在陡峭的悬崖上的照片。句中谓语是“served up and captured”，空格处用非谓语动词，legs和hang之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，构成独立主格结构，故填hanging。 48．考查形容词。句意：古石崖咖啡在中国社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论，喜欢冒险的游客在网上分享他们的惊险经历。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词visitors，adventure的形容词是adventurous，意为“喜欢冒险的”。故填adventurous。 49．考查介词。句意：尽管网上意见不一，但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆。根据“mixed opinions online(网上意见不一)”以及“thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café(寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆)”可知，尽管网上意见不一，但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆，空格处应填表示“尽管”含义的介词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Despite。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地政府150万元的资助下，这家乡村咖啡馆有望支持中国的乡村振兴。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is expected，空格处用非谓语动词做状语，因与其逻辑主语the village café之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Backed。 三 高考模拟练 1. （2025·广东惠州·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Listen, that’s a magpie singing.” said Xu Keyi, a wildlife 51 (photograph) who can identify bird species by just hearing their calls. Xu, 37, developed an interest in capturing animals on camera when she was a child, always dreaming of traveling the world 52 a camera. Before embracing a career in wildlife photography, she 53 (engage) in journalism. The turning point came during a trip to the South Pole, 54 Xu witnessed penguin parents fearlessly defending their chickens from intruders (侵入者). The moment deepened her passion for immersing herself in nature. In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision 55 (leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography full-time. During a journey to film the golden kaiserihind, the only butterfly on 56 list of first-class national protected wild animals in China, Xu met an elderly wildlife protector. He 57 (voice) his concerns about the lack of people devoted to 58 (protect) the species. “Shortly after I published my photos of golden kaiserihind, a group of volunteers hoped to join the conservation efforts after seeing my images. There are also many real efforts that everyone can 59 (easy) make in daily lives, which include using less plastic 60 stopping feeding wild animals,” Xu said. 【答案】 51．photographer 52．with 53．was engaged 54．where 55．to leave 56．the 57．voiced 58．protecting 59．easily 60．and 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了野生动物摄影师徐可意从记者转行成为全职野生动物摄影师的经历，以及她通过摄影作品呼吁保护野生动物的故事。 51．考查名词。句意：徐可意是一位野生动物摄影师，仅通过鸟叫声就能识别鸟类种类。根据句意和括号内提示词photograph，此处需填入表示职业的名词形式，应用photographer作同位语，表示“摄影师”，由a可知，应用单数，故填photographer。 52．考查介词。句意：徐37岁，在她小时候她就喜欢用相机拍动物，并一直梦想带着相机环游世界。travel with a camera表示“带着相机旅行”，故填with。 53．考查动词时态。句意：在从事野生动物摄影之前，她曾从事新闻工作。根据上下文时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事，be engaged in固定搭配，意为“从事于”，所以此处需用一般过去时，故填was engaged。 54．考查定语从句。句意：转折点发生在一次南极之旅中，在那里她目睹了企鹅父母勇敢保护幼崽的场景。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the South Trip表地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词来引导，故填where。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年，她做出了改变人生的决定：辞职并全职投入野生动物摄影。修饰抽象名词decision，常用不定式作后置定语，故填to leave。 56．考查冠词。句意：在拍摄中国国家一级保护动物金斑喙凤蝶的旅途中，徐遇到了一位年长的野生动物保护者。此处特指国家一级保护动物名单，需用定冠词the，故填the。 57．考查动词时态。句意：他表达了对缺乏致力于保护该物种的人的担忧。根据上下文时态，此处需用一般过去时，故填voiced。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。( be) devote to固定搭配，意为“致力于”，其中“to”为介词，后接protect的动名词形式作宾语，故填protecting。 59．考查副词。句意：日常生活中，每个人都可以轻松做出许多实际努力，包括减少塑料使用和禁止投喂野生动物。修饰动词make需用副词形式，故填easily。 60．考查连词。句意：日常生活中，每个人都可以轻松做出许多实际努力，包括减少塑料使用和禁止投喂野生动物。using less plastic与stopping feeding wild animals为并列关系，需用连词连接，故填and。 2.（2025·江西赣州·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the remote mountains of Yunnan, the echoes of the ancient Tea Horse Road can still be heard. In the small village of Niding, Qing Lao, an elderly Tibetan, recalls a time when mule-drawn caravans (车队) 61 (transport) bricks of pu-erh tea to Tibet. Villagers would assist weary travelers, 62 (offer) food and shelter without expectation of reward. “We’re all mountain folk,” Lao says, his words filled with nostalgia (怀旧). The Tea Horse Road, 63 centuries-old trade route, once connected China’s tea-rich valleys with the Tibetan Plateau, facilitating exchanges of tea for horses and medicinal herbs. However, with the rise of modern transportation, the last caravans faded in the 1980s, never 64 (journey) or trade along these mountain trails again. Today, Yunnan, known for its cultural 65 (diverse), is working hard to preserve its heritage amid China’s rapid modernization. Our journey led us from the 66 (live) morning markets of Lijiang, where vendors sell tea and mushrooms in a dozen dialects, 67 Baoshan Shitoucheng, a stone village seemingly frozen in time. Here, Naxi-style homes stand along the banks of the Yangtze River, and 68 (local), weathered by time, tend to bubbling buckets of sorghum wine. Further north, in Shangri-La, where tradition meets tourism, the Ganden Sumtseling Monastery stands 69 a witness to Tibetan spirituality. Yet, it is at Ganden Dongzhulin Monastery filled with the scent of incense (熏香) 70 the old world still breathes, untouched by the crowds. The Tea Horse Road may no longer thrive, but its spirit endures in these mountain villages. 【答案】 61．transported 62．offering 63．a 64．to journey 65．diversity 66．lively 67．to 68．locals 69．as 70．that 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南的茶马古道。 61．考查动词时态。句意：在尼丁的一个小村庄，一位名叫青老的藏族老人回忆起当年用骡子拉的商队把普洱茶砖运到西藏的情景。transport为动词，表示“运输”，在句中作谓语；由句意可知，该句表示回忆过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，transpost与主语“caravans”之间为主动关系。故填transported。 62．考查现在分词。句意：村民们会帮助疲惫的旅行者，提供食物和住所，不求回报。offer为动词，表示“提供”，由谓语动词“would assist”可知，空处应用其非谓语动词形式，与“Villagers”之间为主动关系，作伴随状语，故应用现在分词形式。故填offering。 63．考查冠词。句意：茶马古道是一条有着数百年历史的贸易路线，曾经将中国盛产茶叶的山谷与青藏高原连接起来，促进了茶与马和草药的交换。空处应用冠词，修饰名词短语“centuries-old trade route”，表示茶马古道是“一个有着数百年历史的贸易路线”，应用不定冠词a，表示泛指。连接辅音音素，故填a。 64．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，随着现代交通的兴起，最后的商队在20世纪80年代消失了，再也没有沿着这些山路旅行或交易。journey可作动词，表示“旅行”，根据谓语动词“faded”可知，空处应用其非谓语动词形式，结合并列动词“trade”可知，应用其不定式形式，作状语。故填to journey。 65．考查名词。句意：如今，在中国快速现代化的背景下，以文化多样性著称的云南正在努力保护自己的文化遗产。空处应用名词，作宾语；diversity为名词，表示“多样性”，符合句意。故填diversity。 66．考查形容词。句意：我们从丽江热闹的早市出发，来到宝山石头城，那里的小贩们用十几种方言出售茶叶和蘑菇，这是一个似乎被时间冻结的石头村庄。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词短语“morning markes”；lively为形容词，表示“热闹的、生气勃勃的”，符合句意。故填lively。 67．考查介词。句意：我们从丽江热闹的早市出发，来到宝山石头城，那里的小贩们用十几种方言出售茶叶和蘑菇，这是一个似乎被时间冻结的石头村庄。动词短语lead sb from...to...表示“带领某人从……到……”，故空处应用介词to，表示“从丽江到宝山石头城”。故填to。 68．考查名词复数。句意：在这里，沿长江矗立着纳西族风格的房屋，久经风霜的当地人往往会去喝一桶桶冒泡的高粱酒。空处应用名词，作主语；由谓语动词“tend”可知，应用名词复数；local可作可数名词，表示“当地人”，符合句意。故填locals。 69．考查介词。句意：再往北，在传统与旅游交汇的香格里拉，甘丹松撒林寺是西藏精神的见证。动词短语stand as表示“作为……存在”，后接名词短语“a witness to Tibetan spirituality”，表示“作为西藏精神的见证而存在”，符合句意。故填as。 70．考查强调句。句意：然而，就在充满了熏香气味的甘丹东竹林寺，旧世界仍然呼吸着，不受人群的影响。该句为it is...that强调句型，强调地点状语，故空处应用that。故填that。 3.（2025·江苏苏州·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 71 (extinct). A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 72 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 73 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts. Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 74 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 75 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly. Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 76 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 77 estimated 95,000 garden plants. According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 78 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 79 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 80 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for. 【答案】 71．extinction 72．which 73．are housed 74．has been running 75．at 76．found 77．an 78．necessarily 79．to learn 80．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国呼吁民众在室内或花园种植稀有植物以建立“国家收藏”，相关慈善机构发起活动，这些植物有多样益处。 71．考查名词。句意：英国民众被呼吁将珍稀植物摆放在自家客厅或花园里，以共同打造一个“全国性的植物收藏”，从而保护那些对传粉昆虫有益的植物免于灭绝。空处应填名词作宾语，extinct的名词形式为extinction，且为不可数名词。故填extinction。 72．考查定语从句。句意：一个国家性的植物收藏品可以包含众多精心养护的植物，其中许多植物都非常适合用于家庭花园。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为plants，指物，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，构成“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which。故填which。 73．考查时态语态。句意：虽然有些藏品存放在诸如邱园这样的地方，但大多数藏品则存放在业余爱好者们的后院里。空处是从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语collections与house“存放”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are housed。 74．考查时态。句意：“植物遗产”是一个致力于创建和开发植物收藏的慈善组织，自2016年以来，该组织一直在开展一项名为“缺失属”的活动，该活动列出了那些不属于现有收藏体系且面临灭绝风险的植物种类。根据时间状语since 2016可知，用现在完成时，“一直在开展活动”强调持续进行，用现在完成进行时，主语为a charity，助动词用has。故填has been running。 75．考查介词。句意：“植物遗产”是一个致力于创建和开发植物收藏的慈善组织，自2016年以来，该组织一直在开展一项名为“缺失属”的活动，该活动列出了那些不属于现有收藏体系且面临灭绝风险的植物种类。短语at risk of表示“处于……危险或风险之中”。故填at。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：总共有 700 件藏品，分布在英国、爱尔兰以及海峡群岛的各地。空处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collections，find与collections构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填found。 77．考查冠词。句意：这些“活体植物库”里大约有95000种园艺植物。estimated以元音音素开头，且此处表示“一个”估计的数量，为泛指，应用不定冠词an，an estimated表示“据估计”，修饰95,000 garden plants。故填an。 78．考查副词。句意：据“植物遗产”项目的业务经理称，人们不一定需要很大的空间才能提供帮助。修饰动词need用副词necessarily作状语。故填necessarily。 79．考查非谓语动词。句意：所需要的就是对植物的热爱以及对所选植物群相关知识的渴望。eagerness to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的渴望”。故填to learn。 80．考查连词。句意：虽然这些植物大多并非本土物种，但保护它们仍十分重要，尤其是因为随着气候的变化，需要有多种多样的植物来为传粉昆虫提供食物，并起到储存碳的作用。连接for pollinators和to store carbon，表并列关系，用连词and连接，说明植物对传粉者和碳储存的作用。故填and。 4.（2025·江苏·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan, 81 (trace) back to the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, is a remarkable example of ancient 82 (engineer) skill and is still in use today. During the Warring States period, the 83 (settle) along the river suffered from constant flood destruction. An irrigation engineer, Li Bing, led a team to construct an embankment (堤坝) to redirect part of the river’s flow upon thorough investigation. They needed to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to let out the extra water. However, cutting the channel 84 (prove) a much more challenging task than anticipated, as the mountain’s rock was so hard that traditional tools was 85 (adequate). Therefore, they used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they broke 86 could be removed. Once completed, the system prevented floods and made Sichuan one of China’s most productive agricultural regions by using the redirected water 87 irrigation. Now if you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction 88 looks like a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, 89 (design) originally to control the water flow throughout the year. Recognized as 90 UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years. 【答案】 81．tracing 82．engineering 83．settlements 84．proved 85．inadequate 86．and 87．for 88．that/which 89．was designed 90．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了都江堰的历史与成就。 81．考查非谓语动词。句意：都江堰始建于秦朝，是一个灌溉和防洪系统，是古代工程技术的杰出典范，至今仍在使用。空处为非谓语动词作定语，Dujiangyan与trace back to之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填tracing。 82．考查名词。句意同上。空处为名词作定语修饰名词skill，表示“工程”应用engineering。故填engineering。 83．考查名词。句意：战国时期，沿河的定居点经常遭受洪水破坏。空处为名词作主语，settle的名词形式settlement“定居点”符合题意，为可数名词，根据“along the river”及“suffered from constant flood destruction”可知，此处指河流沿岸的多个定居点，故用复数settlements。故填settlements。 84．考查时态。句意：然而，事实证明，开凿这条水道比预期的要困难得多，因为山上的岩石太硬，传统工具不够用。空处为谓语动词，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，prove的过去式为proved。故填proved。 85．考查形容词。句意同上。空处为形容词作表语，根据“the mountain’s rock was so hard” 可知，岩石坚硬导致传统工具“不够用”，表示“不足的”应用inadequate。故填inadequate。 86．考查连词。句意：因此，他们用火和水结合的方法来加热和冷却岩石，直到岩石破裂并被移走。broke和could be removed为两个并列的动作，用and连接，表示“岩石破裂并被移走”，体现动作的顺承关系。故填and。 87．考查介词。句意：一建成，该系统就通过使用重新定向的水进行灌溉，防止了洪水，并使四川成为中国生产力最高的农业地区之一。use sth. for sth.为固定结构，意为“将某物用于……”。故填for。 88．考查定语从句。句意：现在，如果你参观都江堰，你会看到一个看起来像鱼嘴的不寻常的建筑。空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词construction指物，使用that或者which。故填that/which。 89．考查时态和语态。句意：这个著名的景点鱼嘴，连同另外两个重要的部分，即飞沙堰和宝瓶口，最初是为了控制全年的水流而设计的。空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语originally可知，此处使用一般过去时，design与主语This famous attraction之间为被动关系，且主语为单数名词，所以be动词使用was。故填was designed。 90．考查冠词。句意：都江堰被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，2000多年来一直在灌溉农田，同时防止洪水泛滥。此处泛指“一个联合国教科文组织遗产地”，所以使用不定冠词，UNESCO为辅音音素开头的单词，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 5.（2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR COP14《湿地公约》缔约方大会) took place in Wuhan, Hubei Province in November. It was the first time that China 91 (host) this international event. 92 (know) as the kidneys (肾脏) of the Earth, wetlands are among the world’s three major ecosystems together with forests and oceans. China’s wetlands are vast, diverse and widely distributed, 93 (range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone. In recent years, China has been strengthening the protection and restoration of wetlands. 94 is remarkable is that more than 600 wetland nature reserves and 1,600 wetland parks have been established. China’s first law 95 (specific) protecting wetlands took effect on June 1 this year. Wuhan, the host city of RAMSAR COP 14, has 162, 400 hectares (公顷) of wetlands, accounting 96 18.9 per cent of its total area. In June, Wuhan 97 (award) Wetland City Accreditation by the Ramsar Convention, 98 international honor for the protection of urban wetland ecology. Nature provides the basic conditions for human 99 (survive) and development. With a comprehensive approach to the conservation of ecosystems in place, China aims to boost their biodiversity, stability and sustainability. Wetland conservation is a crucial part of the country’s efforts to achieve 100 (it) green development goals. 【答案】 91．had hosted 92．Known 93．ranging 94．What 95．specifically 96．for 97．was awarded 98．an 99．survival 100．its 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《湿地公约》缔约方大会在武汉举行，阐述了湿地的重要性、中国湿地情况及保护举措，还提及武汉湿地相关荣誉。 91．考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是中国第一次主办这一国际活动。It+is/was+the first/second/...+that+sb. has/had done sth.为固定句型，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，该句型主句中be动词是is时，从句中谓语动词用has/have done，be动词是was时，从句中谓语动词用had done；本句中是“It was the first time...”，所以从句中应使用had hosted。故填had hosted。 92．考查非谓语动词。句意：湿地被称为地球之肾，与森林和海洋并列为世界三大生态系统。“(know) as the kidneys (肾脏) of the Earth”在句中作伴随状语，know(将……称为)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语wetlands之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Known。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的湿地广阔、多样且分布广泛，从寒温带延伸到热带。“(range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone”在句中作伴随状语，range(在一定的范围内变化，变动)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语China’s wetlands之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填ranging。 94．考查主语从句。句意：值得注意的是，中国已经建立了600多个湿地自然保护区和1600多个湿地公园。“_____ is remarkable”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“(值得注意的)事情”，用连接代词what引导主语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 95．考查副词。句意：中国第一部专门保护湿地的法律于今年6月1日生效。提示词修饰动词protecting，用副词specifically作状语，意为“专门地”。故填specifically。 96．考查介词。句意：武汉，《湿地公约》缔约方大会的主办城市，拥有16.24万公顷的湿地，占其总面积的18.9%。account for是固定短语，意为“占……(比例)”。故填for。 97．考查时态和语态。句意：6月，武汉被《湿地公约》授予“国际湿地城市”认证，这是对城市湿地生态保护的一项国际荣誉。award(授予，颁发)是谓语动词，与主语Wuhan之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“In June”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式was awarded。故填was awarded。 98．考查冠词。句意：6月，武汉被《湿地公约》授予“国际湿地城市”认证，这是对城市湿地生态保护的一项国际荣誉。可数名词honor在句中泛指“一项国际荣誉”，且international发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 99．考查名词。句意：大自然为人类的生存和发展提供了基本条件。提示词与名词development并列，作宾语，也用名词形式survival，意为“生存”，不可数名词。故填survival。 100．考查代词。句意：湿地保护是中国实现其绿色发展目标努力的重要组成部分。提示词修饰名词短语green development goals，用形容词性物主代词its，意为“它的”。故填its。 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题20 人文与自然环境 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 目录 1. 高考真题练 2. 创新基础练 3. 高考模拟练 一 高考真题练 1.（2022·浙江·高考真题） 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — 2 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 3 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 4 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 5 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 6 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 7 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 8 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 9 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 10 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding.", she says, "a really positive change." 2.（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 11 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 12 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 13 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 14 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 15 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 16 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 17 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 18 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 19 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 20 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 3.（2022·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September 1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light. The light did not come from the sun or the moon — and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, 21 (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind. In the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portland, 160 km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but 22 could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth, 23 it is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it 24 (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is made by something 25 (call) the ‘solar wind’ (wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun all the time at about 400 kilometres a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it 26 these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two ‘windows’ in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places, the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash into the particles that are already in our sky. And 27 this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place 28 (see) the aurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland. To see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometres to see the aurora, and they can never be sure 29 it will happen. But 30 does see it says that they will never forget it. 4.（2021·全国甲卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 31 (build) originally to protect the city 32 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible   33 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 34 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 35 (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We 36 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 37 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 38 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 39 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 40 (day) routines. 5.（2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 41 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 42 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 43 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 44 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 45 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 46 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 47 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 48 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 49 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 50 must to visit! 二 创新基础练 1.（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the high-altitude terrain of Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, Zhaotong city has transformed from a traditional farming region into the 1 (large) high-quality apple production base in southern China, 2 (reshape) the lives of once impoverished residents. 3 (locate) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhaotong’s 4 (combine) of low latitude, high altitude, ample sunshine, and significant daily temperature swings has provided ideal conditions for growing sweet, crisp apples. The citywide industry now spans nearly 66,700 hectares, 5 an output of 1.3 million tons last year and a comprehensive economic value of 15 billion yuan ($2.07 billion). The apple industry 6 (benefit) 138,000 households so far, or about 527,000 people. In April last year, apples from Zhaotong were part of the fresh food supply for astronauts aboard 7 Shenzhou-18 spacecraft, becoming a powerful engine of economic growth and rural vitalization, according to the local agriculture and rural affairs department. In Zhaoyang, 8 is the core district in the city, a massive 6,670-hectare orchard is regarded as the largest high-density apple base in the country, with 118 apple 9 (variety). It has employed advanced techniques from New Zealand 10 other countries, such as dwarf rootstocks and an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, said Yang Longjiang, director of the district’s industry development center. 2. （2025·浙江宁波·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Paper is important. Almost everyone in the world uses paper on a daily basis. Now, a new company in Ukraine, Releaf Paper, has found a way to make paper more 11 ( friend) to the environment—it uses leaves instead of tree pulp and wood to make paper. Cities from around Europe send 12 (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper. Then, using a series of mechanical and chemical 13 (process), the company is able to create one ton of cellulose (纤维素) 14 two point three tons of leaves. The material 15 is left over called lignin (木质素) and then is sent back to the cities 16 (use) as a sort of fertilizer. According to ZME Science, the process/sends out nearly 78 percent 17 (few) greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model. In addition, regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only 18 ( take) about 30 days. “Really, it’s a good solution because we are keeping the balance—we get fiber for making paper 19 return lignin for the cities to fertilize the gardens or trees. This is what we call it a win-win model,”said Valentyn Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper. The hope is that in the coming years, the model will be able to expand to other countries worldwide, 20 (help) people deal with paper pollution. 3.（2025·河北秦皇岛·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you heard about the tiger who went to the dentist? It may sound like a joke, but tigers need dental care just as a human 21 (do), because their sharp teeth are vital for catching animals and eating. If a tiger has tooth trouble, it’s a serious problem, and that’s   22 the tiger went to the dentist. A big cat with bad teeth is often visited either by a doctor in the animal shelter   23 by a tiger dentist in the wildlife park. In May 2021, dentists were called 24 (assist) Skah, a 190-kilogram Bengal tiger at Lincolnshire Wildlife Park, with a   25 (damage) tooth. A root canal surgery was performed by 14 medical   26 (professional), who removed the infection and fitted a filling in the operation that lasted over four hours and 27 (present) online. Barron Hall, an animal dentist at the National Zoo in Washington, D．C．, explained that the job wasn’t as scary as it might sound. “I am more concerned about the tiger not waking up   28 her doing any type of damage to me.” With the populations of tigers in the wild still   29 (drop) due to climate change and habitat loss, the success of breeding (饲养) programs, where tiger dentists play a vital role in 30 (protect) for the tigers from extinction, is crucial. 4.（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Back in the Ming and Qing dynasties, most families in Huangyao were quite wealthy from merchant businesses, so they attached importance 31 town and housing fortification (防御), with the purpose of defending 32 (they) against enemy attackers and burglars. As a result, the town has a clever design, equipped with superb defensive features. There are four main gates to the town and street gates to each street. The eight streets are linked to the main street, 33 were all built with T-intersections rather than intersections, developing a maze-like system. The East Gate Tower, 34 (date) back to the early Qing Dynasty, is the best preserved and most secure gate tower in Huangyao. 35 (design) with openings for looking out, the tower acted as a defensive structure, while the Yaojiang River served as a moat (护城河). The design of traditional local residential complexes also shows a strong awareness of defense. A typical aspect of this philosophy is 36 families in the same clan (家族) tended to build their houses around 37 ancestral hall, so that they were close enough 38 (care) for and support each other. The Guo’s Residence is one of the best-preserved residential complexes in Huangyao. Covering an area of over 500 square meters, it is a typical courtyard-style dwelling. The residence 39 (main) consists of a front hall, a courtyard, a main hall and several bedrooms. In the past, a plaque (牌匾) 40 (present) by the imperial court during the reign of Daoguang Emperor in the Qing Dynasty, applauding the Guo family’s harmonious family environment. This plaque still remains in the complex. 5.（2025·江苏南京·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 41 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 42 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high— along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 43 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 44 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village—a previously 45 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— 46 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 47 (hang) over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 48 (adventure) visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 49 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 50 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week. 三 高考模拟练 1. （2025·广东惠州·一模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Listen, that’s a magpie singing.” said Xu Keyi, a wildlife 51 (photograph) who can identify bird species by just hearing their calls. Xu, 37, developed an interest in capturing animals on camera when she was a child, always dreaming of traveling the world 52 a camera. Before embracing a career in wildlife photography, she 53 (engage) in journalism. The turning point came during a trip to the South Pole, 54 Xu witnessed penguin parents fearlessly defending their chickens from intruders (侵入者). The moment deepened her passion for immersing herself in nature. In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision 55 (leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography full-time. During a journey to film the golden kaiserihind, the only butterfly on 56 list of first-class national protected wild animals in China, Xu met an elderly wildlife protector. He 57 (voice) his concerns about the lack of people devoted to 58 (protect) the species. “Shortly after I published my photos of golden kaiserihind, a group of volunteers hoped to join the conservation efforts after seeing my images. There are also many real efforts that everyone can 59 (easy) make in daily lives, which include using less plastic 60 stopping feeding wild animals,” Xu said. 2.（2025·江西赣州·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the remote mountains of Yunnan, the echoes of the ancient Tea Horse Road can still be heard. In the small village of Niding, Qing Lao, an elderly Tibetan, recalls a time when mule-drawn caravans (车队) 61 (transport) bricks of pu-erh tea to Tibet. Villagers would assist weary travelers, 62 (offer) food and shelter without expectation of reward. “We’re all mountain folk,” Lao says, his words filled with nostalgia (怀旧). The Tea Horse Road, 63 centuries-old trade route, once connected China’s tea-rich valleys with the Tibetan Plateau, facilitating exchanges of tea for horses and medicinal herbs. However, with the rise of modern transportation, the last caravans faded in the 1980s, never 64 (journey) or trade along these mountain trails again. Today, Yunnan, known for its cultural 65 (diverse), is working hard to preserve its heritage amid China’s rapid modernization. Our journey led us from the 66 (live) morning markets of Lijiang, where vendors sell tea and mushrooms in a dozen dialects, 67 Baoshan Shitoucheng, a stone village seemingly frozen in time. Here, Naxi-style homes stand along the banks of the Yangtze River, and 68 (local), weathered by time, tend to bubbling buckets of sorghum wine. Further north, in Shangri-La, where tradition meets tourism, the Ganden Sumtseling Monastery stands 69 a witness to Tibetan spirituality. Yet, it is at Ganden Dongzhulin Monastery filled with the scent of incense (熏香) 70 the old world still breathes, untouched by the crowds. The Tea Horse Road may no longer thrive, but its spirit endures in these mountain villages. 3.（2025·江苏苏州·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 71 (extinct). A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 72 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 73 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts. Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 74 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 75 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly. Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 76 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 77 estimated 95,000 garden plants. According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 78 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 79 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 80 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for. 4.（2025·江苏·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dujiangyan, 81 (trace) back to the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, is a remarkable example of ancient 82 (engineer) skill and is still in use today. During the Warring States period, the 83 (settle) along the river suffered from constant flood destruction. An irrigation engineer, Li Bing, led a team to construct an embankment (堤坝) to redirect part of the river’s flow upon thorough investigation. They needed to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to let out the extra water. However, cutting the channel 84 (prove) a much more challenging task than anticipated, as the mountain’s rock was so hard that traditional tools was 85 (adequate). Therefore, they used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they broke 86 could be removed. Once completed, the system prevented floods and made Sichuan one of China’s most productive agricultural regions by using the redirected water 87 irrigation. Now if you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction 88 looks like a fish’s mouth. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, 89 (design) originally to control the water flow throughout the year. Recognized as 90 UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years. 5.（2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR COP14《湿地公约》缔约方大会) took place in Wuhan, Hubei Province in November. It was the first time that China 91 (host) this international event. 92 (know) as the kidneys (肾脏) of the Earth, wetlands are among the world’s three major ecosystems together with forests and oceans. China’s wetlands are vast, diverse and widely distributed, 93 (range) from the cold temperate zone to the hot zone. In recent years, China has been strengthening the protection and restoration of wetlands. 94 is remarkable is that more than 600 wetland nature reserves and 1,600 wetland parks have been established. China’s first law 95 (specific) protecting wetlands took effect on June 1 this year. Wuhan, the host city of RAMSAR COP 14, has 162, 400 hectares (公顷) of wetlands, accounting 96 18.9 per cent of its total area. In June, Wuhan 97 (award) Wetland City Accreditation by the Ramsar Convention, 98 international honor for the protection of urban wetland ecology. Nature provides the basic conditions for human 99 (survive) and development. With a comprehensive approach to the conservation of ecosystems in place, China aims to boost their biodiversity, stability and sustainability. Wetland conservation is a crucial part of the country’s efforts to achieve 100 (it) green development goals. - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $