2026年江苏徐州中考英语完形填空讲义

初中英语专题―完形填空 1 特点 完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的、介于单项填空和阅读理解中间的一种题型，旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用。 题材广泛，体裁多样，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等，夹叙夹议型记叙文成为近年来完形填空变化的一个特点。 难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在220-280左右。文中平均每隔16-20个词左右设空。学生通过推理判断、综合分析等将答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。 2 设空规律 中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。 它的显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。 2.1 从文章结构看 （1）首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。 （2）设空平均密度为16-20个单词一个空。 2.2 从语言层次看：可分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇层次。 （1）句子层次的设空：指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目。 例： · I____ you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding — I am sure it was a success. A. remember B. explain C. hope D. expect （2）句群层次的设空：指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。 前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。 例： · It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! A. write    B. speak    C. sing     D. dance 后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目/下文某处有提示。 例： · Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …” A. believed    B. liked     C. hated     D. knew · Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many         B. all        C. two       D. three （3）语篇性设空：指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。 例： · I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1  him (第一句话) …… achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句话) A. comfort      B. please          C. attract          D. educate 3 解题步骤 3.1 技巧点拨 （1）宏观认识：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意 （2）微观处理：理解词义，瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破 （3）检查答案：复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心 3.2 具体步骤 3.3 作答应注意的问题 · 短文通常没有标题且首句一般是不设空，要特别注重对首句的理解，它往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。 · 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，这很正常。此时要克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。 · 做题时切勿看到空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于文章之中，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。 · 设空多以实词为主，三个干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配。如单从语法角度判断无法确定，须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。 · 动笔时先易后难。先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。 强调：要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。 强调：要注意尾句的提示和总结作用 故事的结局、问题的结论、幽默或富有哲理的结尾。 强调：文章中有中文注释的单词 3.4 解题中的推测手段 ⑴ 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测 ⑵ 根据语篇标志进行推测 ⑶ 根据文化背景知识进行推测 ⑷ 根据常识进行判断 ⑸ 根据语法知识进行推测 ⑹ 运用词汇知识推测答案 4常考考点 4.1常考动词及表达： 表示“看”：look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察/Notice注意/catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见 表示“说”： telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容/ talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流/ Say sth诉说的内容/ speak in English说的语言/ Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事/chat聊天 / remind提醒 表示“听”：listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear无意听到 表示“拿”：take拿走/bring拿来/hold举着/ carry扛，挑（无方向性）/fetch拿来拿去 表示“到达”：reach、 arrive、 get 表示“借”：borrow借入/ lend借出/ keep拥有的状态 表示“穿戴”：put on、wear、have…on、dress sb./oneself、dress sb. in…、dress up (sb.)、be dressed in… 表示“找/查”：find找到/ look for正在找过程/ find out查明//seek for/in search of寻找 以 give为中心的词组 give away泄露，赠送，分发 give back归还，送回，恢复 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give way让路 give off放出，发出，释放 give out分发，放出 以 get为中心的词组 get up 起身 get on/off 上/下车 get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) get rid of 除掉,去除 get over克服，恢复 get through接通电话，通过，做完 以 break 为中心的词组 break away from 脱离，逃离 break down 破坏，瓦解，出故障，抛锚 break in 闯进，打断 break into 闯入，突然开始 break out 爆发，发生，准备使用，起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 break up 开垦，解散，分开 以 catch 为中心的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风，感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现，瞥见 catch up with 赶上，追及，追上 以 come 为中心的词组 come across 偶尔发现，想起，偶遇 come along 随同，进步，进展，出现 come after 跟随 come before 优先于…… come at 达到，求得，扑向，袭击 come back 回来;恢复，复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come together 和好，集合 come upon 发现，偶遇 come and go 来来去去 come into being 发生，产生，形成 以 do 为中心的词组 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do sb. justice 公平对待某人 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮 do with 和~~ 相处，忍受，处理 have nothing/ something to do with 与~无关/有关 4.2常考副词：too either also yet however never ever still just even 4.3常考代词：Other others the other another 反身代词 不定代词 4.4常考连词：and but or so though until unless 等 4.5常考介词：at in on of about to for from with with the help of 在～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～领导/关心下 be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 in the way 挡路，障碍 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去～的路上 at the back of 在～背后，支持 at the age of ～岁时 at the bottom of 在～底部 at the top of 在～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～边上 behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 5 真题演练 5.1 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Once there was a little girl living in a small, poor house on a hill. As she grows up, she began to play in her small 16 , she was able to see over the garden and across the valley a wonderful house high on the hill –and that house had 17 windows. Although she loved her family, she 18 about how wonderful and exciting it must be to live in that golden house all day. Then she 19 the age when she could play outside of her garden fence(篱笆), she asked her mother 20 she could go for a bike ride outside the gate. Her mother thought for a while and 21 allowed her to go. The little girl rode her bike 22 she got to the gate of the golden house. As she leaned(倚靠) her bike 23 the gatepost, she focused on the path that 24 to the house and then on the house 25 …and was so 26 . All the windows were plain(普通的) and rather dirty. She was so sad that she didn’t go any further. Heartbroken, she rode her bike back. As she 27 , she saw a sight that amazed her. There 29 the valley on the other side was a little house. Its windows glistened (闪耀) golden as the 29 shone on her little house. She 30 that she had been living in her golden house all along. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her eyes and in her daily life! 16. A. hill B. garden C. house D. room 17. A. broken B. wooden C. golden D. modern 18. A. wanted B. dreamed C. hoped D. wished 19. A. reached B. arrived C. touched D. grew 20. A. that B. even if C. as if D. if 21. A. firstly B. friendly C. fully D. finally 22. A. unless B. until C. since D. though 23. A. against B. away C. off D. next 24. A. showed B. arrived C. took D. led 25. A. oneself B. itself C. herself D. himself 26. A. satisfied B. pleased C. disappointed D. excited 27. A. looked in B. looked up C. looked at D. looked down 28. A. through B. toward C. across D. around 29. A. stars B. planets C. sun D. moon 30. A. required B. replied C. regretted D. realized 5.2 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 An old carpenter(木匠) was ready to retire. His boss was 16 to see the good worker go. He asked the carpenter 17 he could build just one more house. The carpenter said yes, 18 his mind was not on his work any more. He used poor materials and worked on the house 19 . When the carpenter finished his work, the boss 20 the front-door key to him, "This is your house," he said, "A 21 for you." What a surprise! What a 22 ! If he had known he was building his 23 house, he would have done it differently. Now he had to live in the house he had poorly built. 24 it is with us. Sometimes we build our 25 carelessly. At important points we do not try our best. Then with a shame we look at the situation we have 26 . We find that we are now living in the house we have poorly built. But we don't have a 27 to make it all over again. Think of 28 as the carpenter. Think about your life. Build it 29 . It is the only life you will ever build because life is a do-it-yourself project. Your life today is the 30 of your attitudes and choices you made in the past. Your life tomorrow will be that of your attitudes and choices you make today. 16. A. glad B. nervous C. ready D. sorry 17. A. if B. when C. how D. why 18. A. and B. but C. or D. so 19. A. carefully B. completely C. carelessly D. successfully 20. A. handed B. left C. sold D. threw 21. A. gift B. promise C. choice D. question 22. A. task B. wisdom C. shame D. stress 23. A. real B. expensive C. old D. own 24. A. Neither B. So C. Nor D. As 25. A. studies B. lives C. jobs D. feelings 26. A. created B. changed C. discussed D. affected 27. A. plan B. chance C. method D. pleasure 28. A. himself B. herself C. myself D. yourself 29. A. wisely B. peacefully C. rapidly D. widely 30. A. talent B. wealth C. result D. difference 5.3 根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 False Bay is South Africa. It is one of the 16 places in the world to see a great white shark.The great white shark is known for its 17 --the largest sharks can grow to six metres in length and over 2,000 kilometres in weight. Great white sharks are meat-eaters. They catch large 18 like tuna(金枪鱼)，seals（海豹）and even whales. Great white sharks also 19 boats.Simon a British researcher, was lucky to get away safely when a shark bit into his boat. About three people are killed each year 20 great white sharks. The sharks come to hunt 60,000 seals that live in False Bay, In order to find fish, the seals have to cross the deep water of the bay-- this is where the sharks 21 . Great white sharks are very good hunters. They wait below the seals and then swim 22 and crash into them by surprise at 40 kilometres per hour, killing 23 with one bite. Will a shark attack something that 24 like food? Some researchers put a carpet in the shape of a seal 25 . At high speeds the sharks can’t tell the difference. 26 a shark choose between a plant and a fish? When scientists put tuna and sea-plant in the water, the shark bites into 27 .Even though sharks eat meat, if a plant looks like an animal, the shark attacks. Will a shark prefer to eat a human or a fish? When the shark has a choice between humans and tuna, it is the 28 that attracts the shark’s attention. Great white sharks clearly prefer fish to humans. These researchers show that great white sharks are 29 hunters which will attack anything that looks and acts like a fish. 30 , that means humans can also get bitten by mistake. 15. A. good B. well C.better D. best 16. A. colour B. size C.speed D. shape 17. A. pets B.insects C.sea-animals D.birds 18. A. attack B. protect C. love D. follow 19. A. for B. by C. with D. of 20. A. wait B. rest C. sleep D.play 21. A. around B. along C. down D. up 22. A. us B. you C. it D. them[来Com] 23. A.looks B. sounds C. smells D. tastes 24. A. on the ground B. in the sky C. in the water D. in the room 25. A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should 26. A. all B. none C. both D. neither 27. A. human B. fish C. sea-plant D. boat 28. A. amazing B. strange C. kind D. dangerous 29. A. Proudly B. Unluckily C. Finally D. Happily 5.4 根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their ____16____．Here are two imaginations about the world of ____17____ When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, ____18____ roads and speeding tickets. ____19____ some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars ____20____ ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if ____21____ become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. ____22____ it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! .Imagine you have your own Ironman ____23____ . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will ____24____ the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is ____25____ in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after ____26____ or injury（受伤）.But the disadvantage at the moment is the ____27____ . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of ____28____ and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲） suit could ____29____ the the wrong way. car above our heads, So in the future, ____30____ we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible. 16. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons 17. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow 18. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty 19. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However 20. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down 21. A. they B. you C. we D. I 22. A. And B. But C. So D. or 23. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes 24. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow 25. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful 26. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party 27. A. quality B. price C. need D. number 28. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience 29. A. hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack 30. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $