摘要:
该高中英语必修3 Unit 1《The media》词汇拓展清单系统梳理了44个核心词及其派生词、常见搭配与语境应用,涵盖国籍、新闻、权威、情绪、创新等主题范畴,构建了从基础词汇到高阶表达的阶梯式学习支架,助力学生实现语言知识的结构化积累。
清单通过分类整理、星级标注和语境强化等方式呈现知识体系,如将“journalist”与“journalism”“journalistic”形成词族关联,帮助学生理解词性变化规律,提升语言能力;设置“易混词对比表”区分affect与effect,强化思维品质中的辨析能力;设计“记忆口诀卡片”辅助掌握“entirely/entire/entirety”的用法,增强学习能力。特别标注高频考点如“permission/permit”“publish/publication”,并提供真实例句引导迁移运用,既方便学生自主复习,也便于教师精准施教,提高课堂效率。
内容正文:
沪教版 必修3 Unit 1 The media. 期末派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n. 国籍
—What is your nationality? —I’m of Chinese nationality.(—你是什么国籍?—我是中国国籍。)
national /ˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国家的;民族的
The national day of China is on October 1st.(中国的国庆节在10月1日。)
2
journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/ n. 日志;日记;报纸;刊物
She keeps a journal to record her daily life.(她写日记记录日常生活。)
1. journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻记者;新闻工作者2. journalism /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm/ n. 新闻业;新闻工作
1. The journalist interviewed the famous scientist yesterday.(这位新闻记者昨天采访了那位著名科学家。)2. She plans to study journalism in university.(她计划在大学学习新闻专业。)
3
authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. 权力;权威;威信
The government has the authority to make laws.(政府有制定法律的权力。)
1. authorize /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ v. 授权;批准2. authoritative /ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv/ adj. 权威的;官方的
1. The manager authorized me to sign the contract.(经理授权我签署这份合同。)2. This book is an authoritative guide to history.(这本书是权威的历史指南。)
4
journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻记者;新闻工作者
A journalist from CCTV reported the event.(一位央视新闻记者报道了这件事。)
journalistic /ˌdʒɜːnəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 新闻业的;新闻记者的
She has good journalistic skills, such as interviewing and writing.(她具备优秀的新闻从业技能,如采访和写作。)
5
annual /ˈænjuəl/ adj. 每年的;一年一次的
Our school holds an annual sports meeting in autumn.(我们学校每年秋天举办一次运动会。)
1. annually /ˈænjuəli/ adv. 每年;一年一度2. annual /ˈænjuəl/ n. 年刊;年鉴
1. The company’s profits increase annually.(这家公司的利润每年都在增长。)2. This magazine publishes an annual about world culture.(这本杂志出版一本关于世界文化的年刊。)
6
spot /spɒt/ v. 看见;看出;发现(n. 斑点;地点)
I spotted my old friend in the crowd.(我在人群中认出了我的老朋友。)
1. spotted /ˈspɒtɪd/ adj. 有斑点的;被发现的2. spotless /ˈspɒtləs/ adj. 一尘不染的;无瑕的
1. The cat has a spotted coat.(这只猫的毛有斑点。)2. Her room is always spotless—she cleans it every day.(她的房间总是一尘不染,她每天都打扫。)
7
entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
His success is entirely due to his hard work.(他的成功完全归功于他的努力。)
1. entire /ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/ adj. 全部的;完整的2. entirety /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/ n. 整体;全部
1. The entire class went on a picnic.(全班同学都去野餐了。)2. We need to consider the problem in its entirety.(我们需要从整体上考虑这个问题。)
8
error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误;差误
He found an error in his math homework.(他在数学作业中发现了一个错误。)
1. erroneous /ɪˈrəʊniəs/ adj. 错误的;不正确的2. err /ɜː(r)/ v. 犯错
1. His erroneous idea led him to make a mistake.(他错误的想法导致他犯了错。)2. Everyone may err, but we should learn from mistakes.(每个人都可能犯错,但我们要从错误中学习。)
9
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 强烈的感情;情绪
She couldn’t hide her emotions when she heard the good news.(听到好消息时,她无法掩饰自己的情绪。)
1. emotional /ɪˈməʊʃənl/ adj. 情感的;情绪的2. emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/ adv. 情感上;情绪上
1. It was an emotional moment when they met again.(他们再次见面时,那是个感人的时刻。)2. She was emotionally tired after the long talk.(长时间谈话后,她情绪上感到疲惫。)
10
female /ˈfiːmeɪl/ adj. 女的;女性的(n. 女性;雌性动物)
The female doctor is very patient with her patients.(这位女医生对病人很有耐心。)
feminine /ˈfemənɪn/ adj. 女性的;阴柔的
Her clothes have a feminine style.(她的衣服带有阴柔的风格。)
11
illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v. (用示例、图画等)说明;给(书等)做图表
The teacher used pictures to illustrate the story.(老师用图片来讲解这个故事。)
1. illustration /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/ n. 插图;说明2. illustrative /ˈɪləstrətɪv/ adj. 说明性的;例证性的
1. This book has many beautiful illustrations.(这本书有很多精美的插图。)2. He gave an illustrative example to explain the rule.(他举了一个说明性的例子来解释这条规则。)
12
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ v. 保证;担保;确保
We need to ensure that the project is finished on time.(我们需要确保项目按时完成。)
1. insure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ v. 给……投保;确保2. insurance /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/ n. 保险;保障
1. He insured his car against accidents.(他为自己的车投保了意外险。)2. Health insurance is very important for everyone.(健康保险对每个人都很重要。)
13
affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响
The bad weather affected our plan to go hiking.(坏天气影响了我们去徒步旅行的计划。)
1. affection /əˈfekʃn/ n. 喜爱;感情2. effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响;效果(同根易混词,需区分)
1. She has a deep affection for her hometown.(她对家乡有深厚的感情。)2. The new policy had a positive effect on the economy.(新政策对经济产生了积极影响。)
14
permission /pəˈmɪʃn/ n. 准许;许可;批准
You need to ask for permission before using the computer.(使用这台电脑前,你需要申请许可。)
1. permit /pəˈmɪt/ v. 允许;许可(/ˈpɜːmɪt/ n. 许可证;执照)2. permissible /pəˈmɪsəbl/ adj. 可允许的;许可的
1. The teacher permitted us to leave early.(老师允许我们提前离开。)2. Smoking is not permissible in this building.(这栋楼里不允许吸烟。)
15
average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj. 普通的;平常的(n. 平均数;v. 平均为)
The average temperature in July is 30℃ here.(这里七月的平均气温是30摄氏度。)
averagely /ˈævərɪdʒli/ adv. 平均地;通常
He studies averagely, but he is very hard-working.(他的学习成绩中等,但非常努力。)
16
confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ v. (尤指提供证据来)证实,证明,确认
The email confirmed that the meeting would be held on Friday.(邮件确认会议将于周五举行。)
1. confirmation /ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 确认;证实2. confirmatory /kənˈfɜːmətri/ adj. 确认的;证实的
1. We are waiting for confirmation of the flight time.(我们在等待航班时间的确认。)2. The lab gave a confirmatory report on the test results.(实验室给出了测试结果的确认报告。)
17
flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 能适应新情况的;灵活的
Our company has a flexible working time system.(我们公司有灵活的工作时间制度。)
1. flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性;弹性2. flexibly /ˈfleksəbli/ adv. 灵活地
1. The flexibility of the plan allows us to make changes.(这个计划的灵活性让我们可以做出调整。)2. We need to deal with problems flexibly.(我们需要灵活地处理问题。)
18
perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v. 注意到;意识到;察觉到
She perceived that he was lying.(她察觉到他在撒谎。)
1. perception /pəˈsepʃn/ n. 感知;看法2. perceptive /pəˈseptɪv/ adj. 有感知力的;洞察力强的
1. His perception of the problem is different from ours.(他对这个问题的看法和我们不同。)2. She is a perceptive student who notices small details.(她是个洞察力强的学生,能注意到细微的细节。)
19
horrible /ˈhɒrəbl/ adj. 极坏的;十分讨厌的;可恶的
The food in this restaurant tastes horrible.(这家餐厅的食物很难吃。)
1. horror /ˈhɒrə(r)/ n. 恐惧;恐怖2. horribly /ˈhɒrəbli/ adv. 可怕地;非常
1. She screamed in horror when she saw the snake.(看到蛇时,她惊恐地尖叫起来。)2. He did horribly in the exam and felt sad.(他考试考得很差,感到很伤心。)
20
joyfully /ˈdʒɔɪfəli/ adv. 高兴地;快乐地
The children sang joyfully at the party.(孩子们在派对上高兴地唱歌。)
1. joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl/ adj. 快乐的;高兴的2. joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 欢乐;乐趣
1. We had a joyful time during the holiday.(假期里我们度过了快乐的时光。)2. The little girl jumped with joy when she got the gift.(小女孩收到礼物时高兴得跳了起来。)
21
calm /kɑːm/ adj. 宁静的(v. 使平静;n. 平静)
The lake is calm in the early morning.(清晨的湖面很平静。)
1. calmly /ˈkɑːmli/ adv. 平静地;镇定地2. calmness /ˈkɑːmnəs/ n. 平静;镇定
1. She faced the problem calmly and found a solution.(她镇定地面对问题,找到了解决办法。)2. His calmness helped everyone stay quiet during the emergency.(他的镇定帮助大家在紧急情况下保持冷静。)
22
breathe /briːð/ v. 呼吸
We need to breathe fresh air every day.(我们每天都需要呼吸新鲜空气。)
1. breath /breθ/ n. 呼吸;气息2. breathless /ˈbreθləs/ adj. 气喘吁吁的;喘不过气的
1. Take a deep breath and relax.(深呼吸,放松一下。)2. She was breathless after running up the stairs.(跑上楼梯后,她气喘吁吁。)
23
merrily /ˈmerɪli/ adv. 高兴地;愉快地
They talked merrily while walking in the park.(他们在公园里散步时愉快地聊天。)
1. merry /ˈmeri/ adj. 愉快的;高兴的2. merriment /ˈmerimənt/ n. 欢乐;乐趣
1. We wish you a merry Christmas!(我们祝你圣诞快乐!)2. The room was filled with laughter and merriment.(房间里充满了欢声笑语。)
24
release /rɪˈliːs/ n. 公开;发行(v. 发布(新闻等);释放)
The release of the new movie was delayed.(这部新电影的上映被推迟了。)
releasable /rɪˈliːsəbl/ adj. 可释放的;可发布的
The data is releasable only after the official approval.(这些数据只有在官方批准后才能发布。)
25
innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. (新事物、思想或方法的)创造;创新
The company is famous for its technological innovation.(这家公司以技术创新闻名。)
1. innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ v. 创新;革新2. innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的;革新的
1. We need to innovate to keep up with the times.(我们需要创新以跟上时代步伐。)2. This is an innovative design that saves energy.(这是一个节能的创新设计。)
26
collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. (常指同类的)收集物,收藏品
She has a collection of stamps from all over the world.(她收藏了来自世界各地的邮票。)
1. collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集;采集;募捐2. collector /kəˈlektə(r)/ n. 收藏家;收集者
1. He collects old coins as a hobby.(他把收集旧硬币当作爱好。)2. The art collector bought a famous painting yesterday.(这位艺术收藏家昨天买了一幅名画。)
27
announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. 宣布
The principal announced the winner of the competition.(校长宣布了比赛的获胜者。)
1. announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 宣布;通知2. announcer /əˈnaʊnsə(r)/ n. 广播员;播音员
1. There is an announcement about the school trip on the wall.(墙上有一则关于学校旅行的通知。)2. The radio announcer told us the weather forecast.(电台播音员给我们播报了天气预报。)
28
entry /ˈentri/ n. 参赛作品;进入;入口
Her entry won first prize in the writing competition.(她的参赛作品在写作比赛中获得了一等奖。)
1. enter /ˈentə(r)/ v. 进入;参加;登记2. entrance /ˈentrəns/ n. 入口;进入
1. Please enter your name on the form.(请在表格上填写你的名字。)2. The entrance to the museum is on the left.(博物馆的入口在左边。)
29
publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 出版;发行
The company will publish his new book next month.(这家公司下个月将出版他的新书。)
1. publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 出版;发行2. publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/ n. 出版商;出版公司
1. The publication of the magazine is on the 1st of every month.(这本杂志每月1日出版。)2. He signed a contract with a famous publisher.(他和一家著名的出版公司签了合同。)
30
super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adv. 非常;极(adj. 极好的;超级的)
The movie is super interesting—I want to watch it again.(这部电影非常有趣,我想再看一遍。)
superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的;卓越的
The singer gave a superb performance last night.(这位歌手昨晚献上了卓越的表演。)
31
character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n. (书籍、戏剧或电影中的)人物,角色;性格;特征
Hamlet is a famous character in Shakespeare’s play.(哈姆雷特是莎士比亚戏剧中的著名角色。)
1. characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征;特点(adj. 典型的;特有的)2. characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/ v. 描述……的特征;具有……的特征
1. Kindness is a characteristic of her personality.(善良是她性格的一个特征。)2. This region is characterized by its beautiful mountains.(这个地区以其美丽的山脉为特征。)
32
civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 文明
Ancient Egyptian civilization is very famous.(古埃及文明非常著名。)
1. civilize /ˈsɪvəlaɪz/ v. 使文明;使开化2. civilized /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/ adj. 文明的;开化的
1. Education helps to civilize people.(教育有助于使人文明开化。)2. We should live in a civilized society.(我们应该生活在文明的社会中。)
33
novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. (长篇)小说(adj. 新奇的)
I read a good novel during the summer vacation.(暑假期间我读了一本好小说。)
novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ n. 小说家
Mo Yan is a famous Chinese novelist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.(莫言是著名的中国小说家,获得了诺贝尔文学奖。)
34
system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统;(思想或理论)体系;体制
The computer system broke down yesterday.(昨天电脑系统出故障了。)
1. systematic /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/ adj. 系统的;有条理的2. systematically /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 系统地;有条理地
1. We need to make a systematic plan for the project.(我们需要为这个项目制定一个系统的计划。)2. He studied the problem systematically and found the root cause.(他系统地研究了这个问题,找到了根本原因。)
35
disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难;灾祸
The flood was a terrible disaster for the villagers.(洪水对村民们来说是一场可怕的灾难。)
1. disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ adj. 灾难性的;极坏的2. disastrously /dɪˈzɑːstrəsli/ adv. 灾难性地;极坏地
1. The decision had a disastrous effect on the company.(这个决定对公司产生了灾难性的影响。)2. The project failed disastrously because of poor planning.(由于计划不周,这个项目惨败。)
36
pack /pæk/ v. 塞进;装(箱)(n. 包裹;一群)
She packed her suitcase for the trip.(她为旅行收拾行李箱。)
1. package /ˈpækɪdʒ/ n. 包裹;包装(v. 包装)2. packer /ˈpækə(r)/ n. 包装工;打包工人
1. I received a package from my friend yesterday.(昨天我收到了朋友寄来的一个包裹。)2. The packer is responsible for packing the products.(包装工负责给产品打包。)
37
entertaining /ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/ adj. 有趣的;娱乐的;使人愉快的(v. 娱乐;招待)
The TV show is very entertaining—my family watches it every week.(这个电视节目很有趣,我们家每周都看。)
1. entertain /ˌentəˈteɪn/ v. 娱乐;招待2. entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ n. 娱乐;消遣
1. The magician entertained the children with his tricks.(魔术师用他的把戏逗孩子们开心。)2. There are many forms of entertainment, such as movies and music.(娱乐有很多形式,比如电影和音乐。)
38
photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 拍照者;摄影师
The photographer took many beautiful photos of the sunset.(这位摄影师拍了很多日落的美照。)
1. photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ n. 照片(v. 拍照;摄影)2. photography /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ n. 摄影;摄影术
1. She showed me some photographs of her trip to Japan.(她给我看了一些她去日本旅行的照片。)2. He is interested in photography and often takes photos on weekends.(他对摄影感兴趣,周末经常拍照。)
39
rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀少的;稀罕的
Pandas are rare animals in the world.(熊猫是世界上稀有的动物。)
1. rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少;难得2. rarity /ˈreərəti/ n. 稀有;珍品
1. He rarely eats fast food because it’s unhealthy.(他很少吃快餐,因为不健康。)2. This old coin is a rarity—very few people have it.(这枚古币是珍品,很少有人拥有。)
40
region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区;区域;地方
The northern region of China is very cold in winter.(中国北方地区冬天很冷。)
1. regional /ˈriːdʒənl/ adj. 地区的;区域的2. regionally /ˈriːdʒənəli/ adv. 地区性地;区域性地
1. The company has opened a new regional office in Shanghai.(这家公司在上海开设了新的区域办事处。)2. The festival is celebrated regionally, not nationwide.(这个节日是区域性庆祝的,不是全国性的。)
41
custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 风俗;习俗;习惯;关税
It’s a custom in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.(春节吃饺子是中国的一个习俗。)
1. customary /ˈkʌstəməri/ adj. 习惯的;通常的2. customize /ˈkʌstəmaɪz/ v. 定制;定做
1. It is customary to shake hands when meeting someone for the first time.(第一次见面时握手是一种习惯。)2. The company can customize the product according to the customer’s needs.(这家公司可以根据客户需求定制产品。)
42
ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 普通的;平常的;平凡的
He is an ordinary man, but he does great things.(他是个普通人,但做着伟大的事。)
ordinarily /ˈɔːdnrəli/ adv. 通常;平常
Ordinarily, I get up at 7 o’clock, but today I got up early.(通常我7点起床,但今天我起得很早。)
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province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省份;(某些国家的)一级行政区
Guangdong Province is in the south of China.(广东省在中国的南部。)
provincial /prəˈvɪnʃl/ adj. 省的;地方的;偏狭的
The provincial government has made new policies to help farmers.(省政府制定了帮助农民的新政策。)
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flour /ˈflaʊə(r)/ n. (尤指小麦的)面粉;(谷物磨成的)粉
My mom uses flour to make bread.(我妈妈用面粉做面包。)
flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ v. 繁荣;兴旺(n. 繁荣;兴旺)
1. The city flourished during the 19th century.(这座城市在19世纪繁荣起来。)2. The company is in a period of flourish.(这家公司正处于繁荣时期。)
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