摘要:
该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了译林版八年级上册Unit 1 Friendship的核心词汇与语法点,涵盖情感表达、人际交往、性格特征、行为习惯等五大主题范畴,构建了从单词认知到语境运用、从词形变化到句型拓展的阶梯式学习支架。
清单通过分类归纳、分级标注和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将“honest”“truth”“lie”等词组成诚信主题群组,并用★标记高频考点,强化语言能力培养。特别设计“易混词对比表”(如care/caring/careful)、“核心短语应用提示卡”(如get along with sb)和“记忆口诀”(如“laugh at sb别嘲笑,laugh with sb共欢笑”),帮助学生建立逻辑清晰、层次分明的知识网络,提升思维品质与学习效率。教师可据此精准定位教学难点,学生则能自主查漏补缺,实现高效复习与深度理解的双重目标。
内容正文:
YUANJIN Studio
译林版 八上 UNIT 1 Friendship.期末同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
friendship /'frendʃɪp/ n. 友谊 (6)
名词复数:friendships
friend n. 朋友;friendly adj. 友好的
develop a friendship 建立友谊;value friendship 珍惜友谊
1. 我们应该珍惜我们的友谊。We should value our friendship. 2. 她和我建立了深厚的友谊。She developed a deep friendship with me.
2
honest /'ɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的,正直的 (7)
形容词比较级:more honest;最高级:most honest
honesty n. 诚实
be honest with sb 对某人诚实;to be honest 说实话
1. 对朋友诚实很重要。It's important to be honest with friends. 2. 说实话,我喜欢这个诚实的男孩。To be honest, I like this honest boy.
3
cheerful /'tʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的,高兴的 (7)
形容词比较级:more cheerful;最高级:most cheerful
cheer v. 欢呼;cheerfully adv. 快乐地
a cheerful person 一个快乐的人;be cheerful about sth 对某事感到高兴
1. 她总是一个快乐的女孩。She is always a cheerful girl. 2. 他对这次考试结果感到高兴。He is cheerful about the exam result.
4
humorous /'hju:mərəs/ adj. 幽默的 (7)
形容词比较级:more humorous;最高级:most humorous
humour n. 幽默(AmE humor);humorously adv. 幽默地
a humorous story 一个幽默的故事;be humorous in speech 说话幽默
1. 我的老师经常讲幽默的故事。My teacher often tells humorous stories. 2. 他说话很幽默,总能让我们笑。He is humorous in speech and always makes us laugh.
5
caring /'keərɪŋ/ adj. 关心他人的,体贴人的 (7)
形容词比较级:more caring;最高级:most caring
care v. & n. 关心;careful adj. 仔细的;carefully adv. 仔细地
a caring mother 一位体贴的母亲;be caring about sb 关心某人
1. 她是一位非常体贴的护士。She is a very caring nurse. 2. 我们应该关心身边的人。We should be caring about the people around us.
6
truth /tru:θ/ n. 事实 (7)
名词复数:truths
true adj. 真实的;truly adv. 真实地
tell the truth 说实话;the truth about sth 某事的真相
1. 你必须对我说实话。You must tell the truth to me. 2. 我们需要知道这件事的真相。We need to know the truth about this matter.
7
joke /dʒəʊk/ n. 笑话,玩笑 (7)
名词复数:jokes;动词(vi.)过去式:joked;过去分词:joked
jokingly adv. 开玩笑地
tell a joke 讲笑话;play a joke on sb 和某人开玩笑
1. 他喜欢给我们讲笑话。He likes to tell us a joke. 2. 不要和他开玩笑,他会生气的。Don't play a joke on him; he will be angry.
8
laugh /lɑ:f/ vi. & vt. 笑,发笑 (7)
动词过去式:laughed;过去分词:laughed;名词(“笑声”)复数:laughs
laughter n. 笑声
laugh at sb 嘲笑某人;laugh with sb 和某人一起笑
1. 不要嘲笑遇到困难的人。Don't laugh at people in trouble. 2. 我们因为那个有趣的故事一起笑了。We laughed with each other because of that funny story.
9
teenager /'ti:neɪdʒə(r)/ n. 青少年 (7)
名词复数:teenagers
teenage adj. 青少年的
a group of teenagers 一群青少年;teenager problems 青少年问题
1. 这群青少年喜欢一起打篮球。This group of teenagers likes to play basketball together. 2. 我们需要关注青少年问题。We need to pay attention to teenager problems.
10
unhappy /ʌn'hæpi/ adj. 不开心的 (7)
形容词比较级:unhappier;最高级:unhappiest
happiness n. 幸福;happily adv. 开心地
be unhappy about sth 对某事不开心;make sb unhappy 让某人不开心
1. 她对这个决定不开心。She is unhappy about this decision. 2. 不要说那样的话,会让他不开心的。Don't say such words; they will make him unhappy.
11
lie /laɪ/ vi. 撒谎 (7)
动词过去式:lied;过去分词:lied
liar n. 说谎者
lie to sb 对某人撒谎;tell a lie 说谎
1. 他从来不对他的父母撒谎。He never lies to his parents. 2. 说谎是不好的行为。Telling a lie is a bad behavior.
12
person /'pɜːsn/ n. 人,个人 (7)
名词复数:people(表“人们”)/ persons(正式,表个体)
personal adj. 个人的;personally adv. 就个人而言
in person 亲自;a person of courage 一个有勇气的人
1. 他将亲自参加会议。He will attend the meeting in person. 2. 我的姐姐是一个有爱心的人。My sister is a person of kindness.
13
thought /θɔ:t/ n. 想法,主意 (7)
名词复数:thoughts;动词原形:think;过去式/过去分词:thought
think v. 思考;thoughtful adj. 体贴的;深思的
have a thought 有一个想法;in one's thought 在某人的想法中
1. 她突然有了一个好想法。She suddenly had a good thought. 2. 在我的想法中,他是一个可靠的人。In my thought, he is a reliable person.
14
ponytail /'pəʊniteɪl/ n. 马尾辫 (8)
名词复数:ponytails
N/A
wear a ponytail 扎马尾辫;a neat ponytail 一个整齐的马尾辫
1. 她今天扎了一个马尾辫。She wears a ponytail today. 2. 那个女孩的马尾辫很整齐。That girl's ponytail is very neat.
15
seat /si:t/ n. 座位 (8)
名词复数:seats;动词(vt. “使就座”)过去式:seated;过去分词:seated
N/A
take a seat 坐下;a seat by the window 靠窗的座位
1. 请这边坐下。Please take a seat here. 2. 我想要一个靠窗的座位。I want a seat by the window.
16
schoolwork /'sku:lwɜːk/ n. 学校作业 (8)
不可数名词,无复数
school n. 学校;work n. 工作
do schoolwork 做学校作业;finish schoolwork 完成学校作业
1. 我每天晚上做学校作业。I do my schoolwork every evening. 2. 她很快完成了她的学校作业。She finished her schoolwork quickly.
17
trustworthy /'trʌstwɜːði/ adj. 值得信赖的 (8)
形容词比较级:more trustworthy;最高级:most trustworthy
trust v. & n. 信任;trusting adj. 信任他人的
a trustworthy friend 一个值得信赖的朋友;be trustworthy in sth 在某事上值得信赖
1. 我的同桌是一个值得信赖的朋友。My deskmate is a trustworthy friend. 2. 他在工作上值得信赖。He is trustworthy in his work.
18
carefully /'keəfəli/ adv. 仔细地;小心地 (8)
副词比较级:more carefully;最高级:most carefully;形容词原形:careful
care v. & n. 关心;careful adj. 仔细的;caring adj. 体贴的
do sth carefully 仔细做某事;listen carefully 仔细听
1. 考试时你必须仔细做题。You must do the exercises carefully in the exam. 2. 请仔细听老师讲课。Please listen carefully to the teacher.
19
understand /ˌʌndə'stænd/ vt. & vi. 理解 (8)
动词过去式:understood;过去分词:understood
understanding adj. 善解人意的;n. 理解
understand sb 理解某人;understand sth well 很好地理解某事
1. 我的父母总是理解我。My parents always understand me. 2. 我不能很好地理解这个英语故事。I can't understand this English story well.
20
bit /bɪt/ n. 小量 (9)
名词复数:bits
N/A
a bit of 一点(接不可数名词);a bit 有点儿(接形容词/副词)
1. 请给我一点水。Please give me a bit of water. 2. 他知道一点英语。He knows a bit of English.
21
a little bit 有点儿 (9)
短语,无词形变化
N/A
a little bit + 形容词/副词 有点儿……;a little bit tired 有点儿累
1. 今天我有点儿累。I am a little bit tired today. 2. 这个故事有点儿有趣。This story is a little bit funny.
22
funny /'fʌni/ adj. 好笑的 (9)
形容词比较级:funnier;最高级:funniest
fun n. 乐趣;funnily adv. 好笑地
a funny story 一个好笑的故事;be funny 好笑的
1. 他讲了一个好笑的笑话。He told a funny joke. 2. 这部电影非常好笑。This movie is very funny.
23
sense /sens/ n. 理解力;感觉 (9)
名词复数:senses;动词(vt. “感觉到”)过去式:sensed;过去分词:sensed
sensible adj. 明智的;sensitive adj. 敏感的
a sense of ……感;make sense 有意义,讲得通
1. 他有很强的方向感。He has a strong sense of direction. 2. 这个句子讲不通。This sentence doesn't make sense.
24
humour /'hju:mə(r)/ n. (=AmE humor) 幽默 (9)
不可数名词,无复数
humorous adj. 幽默的;humorously adv. 幽默地
a sense of humour 幽默感;full of humour 充满幽默
1. 我的爸爸很有幽默感。My father has a good sense of humour. 2. 这个节目充满了幽默。This program is full of humour.
25
sense of humour n. 幽默感 (9)
短语,无词形变化
N/A
have a sense of humour 有幽默感;lack a sense of humour 缺乏幽默感
1. 有幽默感的人很受欢迎。People with a sense of humour are very popular. 2. 他缺乏幽默感,很少笑。He lacks a sense of humour and seldom laughs.
26
bored /bɔ:d/ adj. 厌倦的,烦闷的 (9)
形容词比较级:more bored;最高级:most bored
bore v. 使厌倦;boring adj. 令人厌倦的
be bored with sth 对某事感到厌倦;feel bored 感到烦闷
1. 我对每天看电视感到厌倦。I am bored with watching TV every day. 2. 他在家感到很烦闷。He feels very bored at home.
27
energetic /ˌenə'dʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的 (9)
形容词比较级:more energetic;最高级:most energetic
energy n. 精力;energetically adv. 精力充沛地
an energetic boy 一个精力充沛的男孩;be energetic in doing sth 做某事精力充沛
1. 我的弟弟是一个精力充沛的男孩。My brother is an energetic boy. 2. 她做运动时精力充沛。She is energetic in doing sports.
28
active /'æktɪv/ adj. 积极的;活跃的 (9)
形容词比较级:more active;最高级:most active
activity n. 活动;actively adv. 积极地
be active in sth 在某事上积极;take an active part in 积极参加
1. 她在课堂上很积极。She is active in class. 2. 我们应该积极参加课外活动。We should take an active part in after-school activities.
29
encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/ vt. 鼓励 (9)
动词过去式:encouraged;过去分词:encouraged;现在分词:encouraging
encouragement n. 鼓励;encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事;encourage sb in sth 在某事上鼓励某人
1. 老师经常鼓励我们努力学习。The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 2. 父母在我的爱好上鼓励我。My parents encourage me in my hobbies.
30
believe /bɪ'li:v/ vt. 相信 (9)
动词过去式:believed;过去分词:believed;现在分词:believing
belief n. 信仰;believable adj. 可信的
believe sb 相信某人(的话);believe in sb 信任某人;believe that 从句 相信……
1. 我相信他说的是实话。I believe he is telling the truth. 2. 我的父母一直信任我。My parents always believe in me.
31
face /feɪs/ vt. 面临;面对 (11)
动词过去式:faced;过去分词:faced;名词(“脸”)复数:faces
facial adj. 面部的
face sth 面对某事;face up to sth 勇敢面对某事
1. 我们必须面对这个困难。We must face this difficulty. 2. 他勇敢面对自己的错误。He faces up to his mistakes.
32
secret /'si:krət/ n. 秘密 (11)
名词复数:secrets;形容词(“秘密的”)比较级:more secret;最高级:most secret
secretly adv. 秘密地
keep a secret 保密;tell sb a secret 告诉某人一个秘密
1. 她能为我保密吗?Can she keep a secret for me? 2. 我想告诉你一个秘密。I want to tell you a secret.
33
keep secrets 保密 (11)
短语,无词形变化
N/A
keep secrets for sb 为某人保密;be good at keeping secrets 擅长保密
1. 我的朋友擅长为我保密。My friend is good at keeping secrets for me. 2. 你必须为这件事保密。You must keep secrets about this matter.
34
worse /wɜ:s/ adj. (bad 的比较级) 更差的 (12)
原级:bad;最高级:worst;副词比较级:worse(对应badly)
bad adj. 坏的;worst adj. 最差的
be worse than 比……更差;get worse 变得更差
1. 今天的天气比昨天更差。Today's weather is worse than yesterday's. 2. 他的健康状况变得更差了。His health is getting worse.
35
worst /wɜ:st/ adj. (bad 的最高级) 最差的 (12)
原级:bad;比较级:worse;副词最高级:worst(对应badly)
bad adj. 坏的;worse adj. 更差的
be the worst 是最差的;the worst of all 所有中最差的
1. 这是我吃过的最差的食物。This is the worst food I have ever eaten. 2. 在所有学生中,他的成绩最差。Among all the students, his grades are the worst.
36
height /haɪt/ n. 身高,高度 (13)
不可数名词(表“身高/高度”);复数:heights(表“高处”)
high adj. 高的;highly adv. 高度地
one's height 某人的身高;the height of sth 某物的高度
1. 你的身高是多少?What's your height? 2. 这座山的高度是1000米。The height of this mountain is 1000 meters.
37
sec. /sek/ abbr. (= second) 秒 (13)
全称:second;名词复数:seconds
N/A
30 sec. = 30 seconds 30秒;in a few sec. 在几秒钟内
1. 他跑100米用了12秒。He ran 100 meters in 12 sec. 2. 请等我几秒钟。Please wait for me for a few sec.
38
test /test/ n. 测验,考查;试验 (13)
名词复数:tests;动词(vt. “测试”)过去式:tested;过去分词:tested
N/A
have a test 进行测验;a math test 数学测验
1. 我们明天将进行一场英语测验。We will have an English test tomorrow. 2. 老师测试了我们的听力。The teacher tested our listening.
39
badminton /'bædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球运动 (14)
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
play badminton 打羽毛球;a badminton court 羽毛球场
1. 我每天下午打羽毛球。I play badminton every afternoon. 2. 他们在羽毛球场打球。They play on the badminton court.
40
however /haʊ'evə(r)/ adv. 然而 (14)
副词,无词形变化
N/A
however + 逗号 然而;however difficult 无论多么困难
1. 他努力学习,然而他没有通过考试。He studied hard; however, he didn't pass the exam. 2. 无论多么困难,我们都要坚持。However difficult it is, we must keep going.
41
balloon /bə'lu:n/ n. 气球 (14)
名词复数:balloons;动词(vi. “膨胀”)过去式:ballooned;过去分词:ballooned
N/A
a red balloon 一个红色的气球;blow up a balloon 吹气球
1. 生日派对上有很多气球。There are many balloons at the birthday party. 2. 孩子们在吹气球。The children are blowing up balloons.
42
scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕,恐惧 (15)
形容词比较级:more scared;最高级:most scared
scare v. 使害怕;scary adj. 令人害怕的
be scared of sth 害怕某物;be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
1. 她害怕黑暗。She is scared of the dark. 2. 他害怕独自回家。He is scared to go home alone.
43
fight /faɪt/ vt. & vi. 搏斗,打斗;为…斗争 (15)
动词过去式:fought;过去分词:fought;名词(“打斗”)复数:fights
fighter n. 斗士;战士
fight with sb 和某人打斗;fight for sth 为某事斗争;fight against sth 对抗某事
1. 不要和你的同学打斗。Don't fight with your classmates. 2. 他们为自由而斗争。They fought for freedom.
44
dead /ded/ adj. 死的 (15)
形容词,无比较级/最高级
die v. 死亡;death n. 死亡;dying adj. 垂死的
a dead tree 一棵枯树;be dead 是死的(表状态)
1. 院子里有一棵枯树。There is a dead tree in the yard. 2. 这只鸟已经死了两天了。The bird has been dead for two days.
45
attack /ə'tæk/ vi. & vt. 攻击,袭击 (15)
动词过去式:attacked;过去分词:attacked;名词(“攻击”)复数:attacks
attacker n. 攻击者
attack sb/sth 攻击某人/某物;an attack on sb 对某人的攻击
1. 那只狗攻击了一个小孩。That dog attacked a child. 2. 我们受到了敌人的攻击。We were under an attack from the enemy.
46
gone /gɒn/ adj. 离开了;不在 (15)
形容词,无词形变化;动词原形:go;过去式:went;过去分词:gone
go v. 去;going adj. 即将发生的
be gone 离开了;have gone to 去了某地(未回)
1. 当我到达时,他已经离开了。When I arrived, he was already gone. 2. 我的爸爸去北京了,明天回来。My father has gone to Beijing and will be back tomorrow.
47
danger /'deɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险 (15)
不可数名词(表“危险”);复数:dangers(表“危险的人/事”)
dangerous adj. 危险的;dangerously adv. 危险地
in danger 处于危险中;out of danger 脱离危险
1. 这只动物处于危险中。This animal is in danger. 2. 病人已经脱离危险了。The patient is out of danger.
48
brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的 (15)
形容词比较级:braver;最高级:bravest;动词(vt. “勇敢面对”)过去式:braved;过去分词:braved
bravery n. 勇敢;bravely adv. 勇敢地
a brave boy 一个勇敢的男孩;be brave to do sth 勇敢做某事
1. 他是一个勇敢的消防员。He is a brave firefighter. 2. 她勇敢地面对了困难。She was brave to face the difficulty.
49
get along with sb 与某人和睦相处,关系良好 (16)
短语,无词形变化
N/A
get along well with sb 与某人和睦相处;get along badly with sb 与某人相处不好
1. 我和我的邻居相处得很好。I get along well with my neighbors. 2. 他和他的弟弟相处得不好。He gets along badly with his brother.
50
listener /'lɪsənə(r)/ n. 听者;听众 (16)
名词复数:listeners
listen v. 听;listening adj. 倾听的
a good listener 一个好的倾听者;the listeners of the radio 收音机听众
1. 我的妈妈是一个好的倾听者。My mother is a good listener. 2. 这个节目有很多听众。This program has many listeners.
51
nod /nɒd/ vi. & vt. 点头 (16)
动词过去式:nodded;过去分词:nodded;现在分词:nodding;名词(“点头”)复数:nods
N/A
nod one's head 点头;nod in agreement 点头同意
1. 她点头表示同意。She nodded her head to show agreement. 2. 老师点头同意了我的请求。The teacher nodded in agreement with my request.
52
feeling /'fi:lɪŋ/ n. 情感;感觉 (16)
名词复数:feelings
feel v. 感觉;feelingful adj. 充满感情的
have a feeling 有一种感觉;hurt one's feelings 伤害某人的感情
1. 我有一种不好的感觉。I have a bad feeling. 2. 不要说那样的话,会伤害他的感情。Don't say such words; they will hurt his feelings.
53
once /wʌns/ conj. 一…就,一旦 (16)
连词/副词,无词形变化
N/A
once + 从句,主句 一……就……;once you start 一旦你开始
1. 一旦你开始,就不要放弃。Once you start, don't give up. 2. 我一到那里就给你打电话。I will call you once I get there.
54
patient /'peɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 (18)
形容词比较级:more patient;最高级:most patient;名词(“病人”)复数:patients
patience n. 耐心;patiently adv. 耐心地
be patient with sb 对某人有耐心;be patient of sth 容忍某事
1. 老师对学生很有耐心。The teacher is patient with students. 2. 你需要对这个过程有耐心。You need to be patient of this process.
55
thoughtful /'θɔ:tfl/ adj. 体贴的;深思的 (18)
形容词比较级:more thoughtful;最高级:most thoughtful
thought n. 想法;think v. 思考;thoughtfully adv. 体贴地
a thoughtful person 一个体贴的人;be thoughtful of sb 体贴某人
1. 她是一个体贴的女孩,经常帮助别人。She is a thoughtful girl and often helps others. 2. 他很体贴,记得我的生日。He is thoughtful of me and remembers my birthday.
56
secret /'si:krət/ adj. 秘密的 (18)
形容词比较级:more secret;最高级:most secret;名词(“秘密”)复数:secrets
secretly adv. 秘密地
a secret plan 一个秘密计划;keep sth secret 把某事保密
1. 他们制定了一个秘密计划。They made a secret plan. 2. 请把这个消息保密。Please keep this news secret.
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