内容正文:
语态
吾态是动词的一种形左式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的
关系。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
Many people speak Chinese.
主动吾态表示主语是动作的执行者
谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句
Chinese is spoken by many people.
被./由/受./给…
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。
同一件事情可以通过主动句或被动句来表达,但意思基本相同。
一般说来,主动语态侧重于行为者,被动语态侧重于动作的对像
或动作本身。
使用被动语态的情况
1.不知道回或没有必要指出动作的执行者
Rice is grown in the south of China.
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the
world.
3.动作的发出者是物
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
结构
肯定句:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)
My phone was made in China.
否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by)
My phone wasn't made in China.
般疑的句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by)?
Was your phone made in China?
特殊问句:特殊疑到问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by)?
Where was your phone made?
动词过去分词
规侧则变化(与动词过去式规呗则相同)
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
look
looked
般在动词原形末尾加-ed
play
played
work
worked
以-e结尾的动词,在末尾加-d
like
liked
live
lived
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有
plan
planned
一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母,
stop
stopped
加-ed
drop
dropped
以辅音字母+y结尾,变“y为
study
studied
i”,加-ed
worry
worried
二)不规则变化
因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析,就可发现其中的“规
则”。在记忆时,可按下面的形式对教材后不规侧动词表进行分析、整理。
AAB型
ABC型
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
beat
beat
beaten
打败
be
was were
been
是,在…
ABA型
begin
began
begun
开始
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
blow
blew
blown
吹
become
became
become
成为
break
broke
broken
破裂、折断
come
came
come
来
AAA型
ABB型
中文
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
原形
过去式
过去分词
花费
understand
understood
understood
理解、明白
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
砍、切、割
bring
brought
brought
带来
hit
打、撞
build
built
built
建造
hit
hit
burn
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
燃烧
Exercises
1.borrow
borrowed 5.plan
planned
9.say
said
2.hope
hoped
6.cry
cried
10.stick
stuck
3,make
made
7,send
sent
11,hit
hit
4.get
got
8.watch watched
12.enjoy enjoyed
结构+时态
一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
You are wanted on the phone.
一般过去时:was/were+过去分词
China was liberated in 1949.
一般将来时:will/is(are)going to be+过去分词
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在完成时:have/has been+过去分词
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
现在进行时:am/is/are being+过去分词
My bike is being repaired.
主动语态与被动语态的转换
He
mended
the bike yesterday.(主动)
主语
谓语
宾语
The bike
was mended by him yesterday.(被动)
主语
谓语
宾语
一般情况,四步走
【一找、二换、三变、四加by】