内容正文:
仁爱科普版 九下 Unit 5 China and the World. Topic 2同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/; /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/ n. 先锋;开拓者
复数:pioneers动词过去式/过去分词:pioneered(v. 开拓,开创)
pioneer v. 开拓,开创
the pioneer of...(……的先锋);pioneer in doing sth.(开拓做某事的领域)
1. Yuan Longping is the pioneer of hybrid rice in China.(袁隆平是中国杂交水稻的先锋。)2. He pioneered new methods in medical research.(他开拓了医学研究的新方法。)
2
B. C. /ˌbiː ˈsiː/ abbr. 公元前
N/A
N/A
in B.C.(在公元前);数字+B.C.(……公元前)
1. Confucius was born in 551 B.C.(孔子出生于公元前551年。)2. The Great Wall was first built in the 7th century B.C.(长城最早建于公元前7世纪。)
3
thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家
复数:thinkers
think v. 思考,认为;thought n. 想法,思想;thoughtful adj. 深思的,体贴的
N/A
1. Confucius is one of the greatest thinkers in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上最伟大的思想家之一。)2. This book was written by a famous thinker from ancient Greece.(这本书是由古希腊一位著名思想家所著。)
4
wise /waɪz/ adj. 明智的,高明的
比较级:wiser;最高级:wisest
wisdom n. 智慧
be wise to do sth.(做某事是明智的);a wise decision(一个明智的决定)
1. It is wise of you to study hard for the exam.(你为考试努力学习是明智的。)2. My grandfather often gives me wise advice when I'm in trouble.(当我遇到困难时,爷爷经常给我明智的建议。)
5
kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 仁慈,善良
N/A
kind adj. 善良的,友好的;kindly adv. 亲切地,温和地
show kindness to sb.(对某人表现出仁慈);out of kindness(出于善良)
1. She is always ready to show kindness to people around her.(她总是愿意对身边的人表现出仁慈。)2. He helped the old man cross the road out of kindness.(他出于善良帮助老人过马路。)
6
philosopher /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/; /fəˈlɑːsəfər/ n. 哲学家;深思的人
复数:philosophers
philosophy n. 哲学;philosophical adj. 哲学的,深思的
N/A
1. Plato was a great philosopher in ancient Greece.(柏拉图是古希腊一位伟大的哲学家。)2. This article was written by a philosopher who studies human nature.(这篇文章由一位研究人性的深思者所写。)
7
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ n. & v. 影响
名词复数:influences动词过去式/过去分词:influenced
influential adj. 有影响力的
n.:have an influence on...(对……有影响);v.:influence sb. to do sth.(影响某人做某事)
1. Parents have a great influence on their children's growth.(父母对孩子的成长有很大影响。)2. His teacher influenced him to take up science.(他的老师影响他从事科学领域。)
8
whom /huːm/ pron. 谁,什么人
N/A
N/A
作宾语(引导宾语从句/定语从句);whom指代人,常与介词连用
1. The girl whom you met yesterday is my cousin.(你昨天遇到的那个女孩是我的表妹。)2. To whom did you give the book?(你把书给了谁?)
9
pass away 消失;流失(常用义:去世,逝世)
N/A
N/A
pass away(去世,逝世,委婉表达);pass away from...(因……去世)
1. His grandfather passed away peacefully last year.(他的爷爷去年安详地去世了。)2. Many ancient cultures passed away over time.(随着时间推移,许多古老文化消失了。)
10
unite /juˈnaɪt/ v. 统一,联合,团结
过去式/过去分词:united;现在分词:uniting
unity n. 团结,统一;united adj. 联合的,统一的
unite with sb.(与某人联合);unite to do sth.(联合做某事)
1. All the teams united to win the competition.(所有队伍联合起来赢得比赛。)2. The country united into one nation after the war.(战后这个国家统一成一个民族。)
11
defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ n. & v. 击败,战胜
动词过去式/过去分词:defeated;名词复数:defeats
N/A
v.:defeat sb.(击败某人);n.:suffer a defeat(遭受失败);win a defeat over sb.(战胜某人)
1. Our team defeated the visiting team in the football match.(我们队在足球赛中击败了客队。)2. The army suffered a great defeat in that battle.(这支军队在那场战役中遭受了重大失败。)
12
set up 建立,创建;设置
N/A
N/A
set up a school(建立一所学校);set up a system(设置一个系统);set up camp(扎营)
1. They set up a new hospital in the small town last year.(他们去年在这个小镇建立了一所新医院。)2. You need to set up your account before using the app.(使用这个应用前,你需要设置账号。)
13
empire /ˈempaɪə(r)/ n. 帝国
复数:empires
imperial adj. 帝国的,皇帝的
the Roman Empire(罗马帝国);the Qin Empire(秦帝国)
1. The Roman Empire was very powerful in ancient times.(罗马帝国在古代非常强大。)2. The Qin Empire unified China for the first time.(秦帝国首次统一了中国。)
14
forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远;长久地
N/A
N/A
forever and ever(永远);last forever(永存)
1. The memory of our friendship will last forever.(我们友谊的记忆将永存。)2. He promised to love her forever.(他承诺永远爱她。)
15
come to an end 结束
N/A
N/A
come to an end(结束,终止);bring...to an end(使……结束)
1. The meeting came to an end at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.(会议在下午5点结束。)2. We need to bring this argument to an end.(我们需要结束这场争论。)
16
captain /ˈkæptɪn/ n. 船长;机长;(海军)上校
复数:captains
N/A
the captain of...(……的船长/机长/队长)
1. The captain of the ship guided us through the storm.(船长带领我们度过了暴风雨。)2. He was chosen as the captain of the school basketball team.(他被选为学校篮球队的队长。)
17
compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n. 指南针,罗盘;圆规
复数:compasses
N/A
a magnetic compass(磁罗盘);draw a circle with a compass(用圆规画圆)
1. Early sailors used a compass to find their way at sea.(早期水手用指南针在海上辨别方向。)2. The teacher told us to bring a compass to the math class.(老师让我们带圆规去上数学课。)
18
sailing /ˈseɪlɪŋ/ n. 航行
N/A
sail v. 航行,起航;sailor n. 水手,海员
go sailing(去航行);sailing boat(帆船)
1. They went sailing in the Pacific Ocean last summer.(去年夏天他们去太平洋航行。)2. Sailing across the sea is a challenging activity.(横渡大海航行是一项有挑战性的活动。)
19
sail /seɪl/ v. 航行;起航
过去式/过去分词:sailed;现在分词:sailing
sailing n. 航行;sailor n. 水手,海员
sail to...(航行到……);sail across...(横渡……);set sail(起航)
1. The ship will sail to Shanghai tomorrow morning.(这艘船明天早上将航行到上海。)2. They set sail for the island at dawn.(他们黎明时起航前往那个岛屿。)
20
coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸;海滨
复数:coasts
coastal adj. 沿海的,海岸的
along the coast(沿着海岸);on the coast(在海岸上)
1. There are many beautiful beaches along the east coast.(东海岸有许多美丽的海滩。)2. They built a small house on the coast.(他们在海岸上建了一座小房子。)
21
unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地
N/A
fortunate adj. 幸运的;fortune n. 运气;unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately(置于句首,表转折)
1. Unfortunately, he missed the last bus and had to walk home.(不幸的是,他错过了末班车,只好步行回家。)2. Unfortunately, the project didn't succeed as we expected.(不幸的是,这个项目没有像我们预期的那样成功。)
22
birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生
N/A
bear v. 生育,出生(过去式:bore;过去分词:born);born adj. 出生的
date of birth(出生日期);place of birth(出生地);at birth(出生时)
1. What is your date of birth?(你的出生日期是什么时候?)2. The baby weighed 3 kilograms at birth.(这个婴儿出生时重3公斤。)
23
trade /treɪd/ n. 贸易,买卖,交易;v. 互相交换;以物易物
名词复数:trades动词过去式/过去分词:traded
trader n. 商人;trading n. 贸易,交易
n.:international trade(国际贸易);trade with...(与……贸易);v.:trade sth. for sth.(用某物换某物)
1. China does a lot of trade with European countries.(中国与欧洲国家有大量贸易往来。)2. He traded his old bike for a new book.(他用旧自行车换了一本新书。)
24
missile /ˈmɪsaɪl/; /ˈmɪsl/ n. 导弹
复数:missiles
N/A
N/A
1. The country developed a new type of missile for national defense.(这个国家为国防研发了一种新型导弹。)2. The missile was launched successfully in the test.(这次测试中,导弹成功发射。)
25
graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ n. 毕业
N/A
graduate v. 毕业;n. 毕业生;gradual adj. 逐渐的
graduation ceremony(毕业典礼);after graduation(毕业后)
1. We will hold a graduation ceremony next month.(我们下个月将举行毕业典礼。)2. After graduation, she plans to work in a hospital.(毕业后,她计划去医院工作。)
26
university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜː(r)səti/ n. 大学
复数:universities
universal adj. 普遍的,全体的
attend a university(上大学);enter university(进入大学);a university student(大学生)
1. He wants to attend a famous university in Beijing.(他想上北京一所著名的大学。)2. My sister has studied in this university for three years.(我姐姐在这所大学已经学习了三年。)
27
Pacific /pəˈsɪfɪk/ Ocean 太平洋
N/A
N/A
the Pacific Ocean(太平洋);across the Pacific Ocean(横渡太平洋)
1. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.(太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。)2. Many ships sail across the Pacific Ocean every year.(每年有许多船只横渡太平洋。)
28
further /ˈfɜː(r)ðə(r)/ adv. 进一步的(adj. 更远的,进一步的)
比较级:further/farther;最高级:furthest/farthest
furthermore adv. 此外,而且
further study(进一步学习);further information(更多信息);go further(走得更远)
1. She plans to go abroad for further study next year.(她计划明年出国深造。)2. Can you give me further information about this project?(你能给我更多关于这个项目的信息吗?)
29
degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. (大学)学位;度
复数:degrees
N/A
a bachelor's degree(学士学位);a master's degree(硕士学位);30 degrees Celsius(30摄氏度)
1. He got a bachelor's degree in computer science.(他获得了计算机科学学士学位。)2. The temperature today is about 25 degrees Celsius.(今天的气温大约是25摄氏度。)
30
astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员
复数:astronauts
N/A
an astronaut(一名宇航员);become an astronaut(成为一名宇航员)
1. Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut to go into space.(杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的宇航员。)2. Many children dream of becoming an astronaut when they grow up.(许多孩子长大后梦想成为一名宇航员。)
31
graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ v. 毕业;/ˈɡrædʒuət/ n. 毕业生
动词过去式/过去分词:graduated;名词复数:graduates
graduation n. 毕业;graduate student(研究生)
v.:graduate from...(从……毕业);n.:a college graduate(大学毕业生)
1. She graduated from Peking University in 2020.(她2020年从北京大学毕业。)2. This company hired many new graduates this year.(这家公司今年雇佣了许多新毕业生。)
32
researcher /rɪˈsɜː(r)tʃə(r)/; /ˈriːsɜːrtʃər/ n. 研究员
复数:researchers
research v. & n. 研究,调查
do research(做研究);a research on...(关于……的研究)
1. The researcher spent five years on this scientific study.(这位研究员在这项科学研究上花了五年时间。)2. She works as a researcher in a medical institute.(她在一家医学机构担任研究员。)
33
theory /ˈθɪəri/; /ˈθɪri/ n. 理论;原理
复数:theories
theoretical adj. 理论的
in theory(在理论上);the theory of evolution(进化论);basic theory(基础理论)
1. In theory, this method should work, but we need to test it.(理论上,这个方法应该可行,但我们需要测试它。)2. Our teacher explained the basic theory of physics in class.(老师在课堂上讲解了物理学的基础原理。)
34
motherland /ˈmʌðəlænd/ n. 祖国
N/A
N/A
love the motherland(热爱祖国);devote to the motherland(为祖国奉献)
1. Every citizen should love and protect the motherland.(每个公民都应该热爱并保护祖国。)2. He devoted his whole life to the development of the motherland.(他把一生都奉献给了祖国的发展。)
35
blank /blæŋk/ n. 空白;空白处,空格;adj. 空白的,无表情的
名词复数:blanks;形容词比较级:blanker;最高级:blankest
N/A
n.:fill in the blanks(填空);a blank page(一张空白页);adj.:a blank face(无表情的脸)
1. Please fill in the blanks with the correct words.(请用正确的单词填空。)2. She stared at the blank screen, not knowing what to write.(她盯着空白的屏幕,不知道写什么。)
36
institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/; /ˈɪnstɪtuːt/ n. 机构
复数:institutes
institutional adj. 机构的,团体的
a research institute(研究机构);an educational institute(教育机构)
1. He works in a famous institute for scientific research.(他在一家著名的科学研究机构工作。)2. This institute provides training courses for young teachers.(这个机构为青年教师提供培训课程。)
37
charge /tʃɑː(r)dʒ/ n. 主管;掌管;v. 要价;收费
名词复数:charges;动词过去式/过去分词:charged
chargeable adj. 应收费的
n.:in charge of(主管,负责);take charge of(接管,负责);v.:charge sb. for sth.(因某物向某人收费)
1. She is in charge of the marketing department in this company.(她负责这家公司的市场部。)2. The hotel charges 200 yuan for a single room per night.(这家酒店单人间每晚收费200元。)
38
in charge of 主管;掌管;负责
N/A
N/A
be in charge of sth./sb.(负责某物/某人);leave sb. in charge of...(让某人负责……)
1. Mr. Li is in charge of the school's sports activities.(李老师负责学校的体育活动。)2. My parents left me in charge of the house when they went out.(父母外出时,让我负责照看家里。)
39
spacecraft /ˈspeɪskræft/; /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ n. 宇宙飞船
单复数同形:spacecraft
N/A
a manned spacecraft(载人宇宙飞船);launch a spacecraft(发射宇宙飞船)
1. China successfully launched a new manned spacecraft last year.(中国去年成功发射了一艘新的载人宇宙飞船。)2. The spacecraft will carry out a series of scientific experiments in space.(这艘宇宙飞船将在太空开展一系列科学实验。)
40
related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 相关的;有联系的
比较级:more related;最高级:most related
relate v. 联系,关联;relation n. 关系;relationship n. 关系,联系
be related to...(与……相关);related information(相关信息)
1. This article is related to the history of Chinese inventions.(这篇文章与中国发明史相关。)2. Can you give me some related information about this event?(你能给我一些关于这个事件的相关信息吗?)
41
youth /juːθ/ n. 青年,年轻人;青春
复数:youths(指多个青年);youth(不可数,指青年群体/青春)
young adj. 年轻的;youthful adj. 年轻的,有朝气的
the youth of today(当今的年轻人);in one's youth(在某人的青年时期)
1. The youth of our country should work hard for the future.(我国的年轻人应该为未来努力奋斗。)2. He was very active in sports in his youth.(他青年时期在体育方面非常活跃。)
42
devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n/ n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
N/A
devote v. 奉献,致力于;devoted adj. 忠诚的,献身的
devotion to...(对……的奉献/忠诚);show devotion to(对……表现出忠诚)
1. His devotion to the motherland moved all the people around him.(他对祖国的奉献感动了身边所有的人。)2. The teacher's devotion to education is worth praising.(这位老师对教育的奉献值得赞扬。)
43
express /ɪkˈspres/ v. 表达;表露;adj. 快速的,特快的
动词过去式/过去分词:expressed;名词:expression n. 表达,表情
expression n. 表达,表情;expressive adj. 表现的,有表现力的
v.:express one's feelings(表达某人的感情);express oneself(表达自己);adj.:an express train(特快列车)
1. She used a poem to express her love for her family.(她用一首诗表达对家人的爱。)2. You should learn to express yourself clearly in public.(你应该学会在公共场合清晰地表达自己。)
44
career /kəˈrɪə(r)/; /kəˈrɪr/ n. 事业;职业
复数:careers
N/A
career development(职业发展);a career in...(在……领域的事业);pursue a career(追求一份事业)
1. She has a successful career in the field of medicine.(她在医学领域拥有成功的事业。)2. He plans to pursue a career as a teacher after graduation.(他计划毕业后从事教师职业。)
45
destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 目的地;终点
复数:destinations
N/A
reach one's destination(到达目的地);final destination(最终目的地);tourist destination(旅游目的地)
1. We finally reached our destination after a long journey.(经过漫长的旅程,我们终于到达了目的地。)2. Beijing is a popular tourist destination in China.(北京是中国受欢迎的旅游目的地。)
46
hybrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ adj. 杂交的;n. 杂交种,混血儿
形容词比较级:more hybrid;最高级:most hybrid;名词复数:hybrids
N/A
adj.:hybrid rice(杂交水稻);hybrid car(混合动力汽车);n.:a hybrid of two plants(两种植物的杂交种)
1. Yuan Longping developed hybrid rice to solve the food problem.(袁隆平研发了杂交水稻来解决粮食问题。)2. This hybrid car uses both electricity and gasoline.(这款混合动力汽车既用电也用汽油。)
47
gunpowder /ˈɡʌnpaʊdə(r)/ n. 火药
N/A
N/A
invent gunpowder(发明火药);use gunpowder for...(把火药用于……)
1. Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(火药是中国古代四大发明之一。)2. Ancient people used gunpowder to make fireworks.(古人用火药制作烟花。)
48
printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 印刷工;印刷术;打印机
复数:printers
print v. 印刷,打印;printing n. 印刷(术)
a computer printer(电脑打印机);the invention of the printer(印刷术的发明)
1. He works as a printer in a publishing house.(他在一家出版社当印刷工。)2. This new printer can print 30 pages per minute.(这台新打印机每分钟能打印30页。)
49
sailor /ˈseɪlə(r)/ n. 水手;海员
复数:sailors
sail v. 航行,起航;sailing n. 航行
a sailor at sea(海上水手);become a sailor(成为一名水手)
1. The old sailor told us many stories about his life at sea.(老水手给我们讲了许多他在海上的生活故事。)2. His dream is to become a sailor and travel around the world.(他的梦想是成为一名水手,环游世界。)
50
discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现
复数:discoveries
discover v. 发现,发觉
make a discovery(做出发现);the discovery of...(……的发现)
1. The discovery of penicillin saved millions of lives.(青霉素的发现拯救了数百万人的生命。)2. Scientists made an important discovery in space exploration.(科学家在太空探索中做出了一项重要发现。)
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fireworks /ˈfaɪə(r)wɜːks/ n. (pl.)烟花;焰火
N/A(本身为复数形式)
N/A
set off fireworks(放烟花);watch fireworks(看烟花)
1. People usually set off fireworks during the Spring Festival.(人们通常在春节期间放烟花。)2. We went to the square to watch fireworks on New Year's Eve.(除夕夜我们去广场看烟花。)
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Arab /ˈærəb/ n. 阿拉伯人;adj. 阿拉伯的,阿拉伯人的
名词复数:Arabs;形容词无比较级
Arabic n. 阿拉伯语;adj. 阿拉伯语的
an Arab merchant(一位阿拉伯商人);Arab culture(阿拉伯文化);Arab countries(阿拉伯国家)
1. This story was written by an Arab writer.(这个故事由一位阿拉伯作家所写。)2. Arab countries are famous for their oil resources.(阿拉伯国家以其石油资源而闻名。)
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eastern /ˈiːst(ə)n/ adj. 东方的,东部的
比较级:more eastern;最高级:most eastern
east n. 东方,东部;adv. 向东
eastern countries(东方国家);the eastern part of China(中国东部地区)
1. Japan is an eastern country in Asia.(日本是亚洲的一个东方国家。)2. It often rains in the eastern part of our city in summer.(我们城市的东部地区夏天经常下雨。)
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bark /bɑː(r)k/ v. (狗)吠叫;n. 树皮;狗叫声
动词过去式/过去分词:barked;名词复数:barks
N/A
v.:The dog barks at strangers.(狗对陌生人吠叫。);n.:the bark of a tree(树皮);a dog's bark(狗叫声)
1. The little dog barks loudly when someone comes to the door.(有人来敲门时,小狗会大声吠叫。)2. Workers used the bark of this tree to make medicine.(工人们用这种树的树皮制药。)
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text /tekst/ n. 课文,文本;v. 发短信
名词复数:texts;动词过去式/过去分词:texted
textbook n. 课本,教科书
n.:read the text(读课文);a text message(短信);v.:text sb.(给某人发短信)
1. Our teacher asked us to read the text carefully and answer the questions.(老师让我们仔细读课文并回答问题。)2. She texted me to say she would be late for the meeting.(她发短信告诉我她开会要迟到了。)
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rag /ræɡ/ n. 破布,抹布;(pl.)破旧衣服
复数:rags
ragged adj. 破旧的,衣衫褴褛的
a rag for cleaning(清洁用的抹布);in rags(衣衫褴褛)
1. She used an old rag to clean the table.(她用一块旧抹布擦桌子。)2. The poor man was dressed in rags and begged for food.(那个穷人衣衫褴褛,乞讨食物。)
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clay /kleɪ/ n. 黏土
N/A
clayey adj. 黏土的,含黏土的
make things from clay(用黏土做东西);clay pots(黏土罐)
1. Children like to make animals from clay in art class.(孩子们喜欢在美术课上用黏土做动物。)2. Ancient people used clay to make pots for storing food.(古人用黏土做罐子来储存食物。)
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ink /ɪŋk/ n. 墨水,油墨
N/A
inky adj. 墨水的,漆黑的
write with ink(用墨水写);ink pen(钢笔);printing ink(印刷油墨)
1. He filled his pen with blue ink before writing.(写字前他给钢笔灌了蓝墨水。)2. This printing factory produces high-quality printing ink.(这家印刷厂生产高质量的印刷油墨。)
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