2025-2026学年上海高二英语上学期-定语从句关系代词&词汇练习A 学习任务单

2025-2026学年上海高二英语上学期-定语从句关系代词&词汇练习A（S) Part1 课前热身 1.The very $3l billion Facebook Inc. is paying for a smartphone application made jaws drop, even in Silicon Valley. A. which B. what C.that D.whose 2.The new system in development Dr. Grey participated is not being utilized in the current National Defense program. A. which B.where C.whose D.that 3.There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched and we can say with reasonable confidence, "this will help." is mental activity. A. with which B.in which C.about which D.without which 4.Mr. Smith was so angry at all Bill was doing he left. A. that; what B. that; that C. which; which D. what: that 5.Nobody likes goodbyes, but just like clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe, leaves space for exciting new items, letting go of friends who no longer fit in our current lives will leave space for fresh relationships that bring something richer to our lives. 6.The very thing makes it effective -its subtlety- also raises ethical questions. Part2 知识梳理 定语从句中关系代词主要用法 英语中的关系代词有 who，whom，whose，which，that 和 as。它们的用法如下: 1、who，whom 的用法 who 和 whom 指人，who 在定语从句中作主语;whom 在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who 代替 whom。 In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry.起初，买到西红柿的人常会生气。(作主语)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom 作宾语省略His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他很爱你的母亲，她于 1818年去世了。(whom 引导非限制性定语从句,作宾语但不能省略) 2、whose 的用法 whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用 of which 取代 I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。 We lived in a house whose window faces south,我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。 3、which 的用法 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world.今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方看到了。(作主语，不能省略) They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。(作主语，不能省略) It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略) He came late, which we all know.我们都知道，他来晚了。(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略) 4、that 的用法 that 多指物，有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和 which 大致相同，但也有区别。 All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。(that 指人,在从句中作主语，不能省略) This is all (that)I can tell you.这是我能告诉你的全部情况。(that 指物，在从句中作宾语，常省略) This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写的最好的一个剧本。(that 指物,在从句中作主语,不能省略) She is the only person(that)I can trust.她是我唯一可以依赖的人。(that 指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略) 5、关系代词 that 和 which 的区别 (1)相同点 这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物;在从句中都可作主语或宾语;作宾语时都可省略. The train that ( which )has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略) (2)用 that，不用 which 的情况 ①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little 等不定代词时(something 之后也可用 which) To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。 Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题 ②)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一. The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 ③当先行词有 the very，the only，the same 等修饰时。 That's the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。 Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。 ④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。 They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论工厂里看到人和事。 They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。 ⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了. ⑥当要避免与疑问词 which 重复时。 Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的? ⑦当先行词为 the way, the time,the period 等时，关系代词常用 that，但通常被省略 I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。 (3)用 which,不用 that 的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句。 Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。 Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 杉乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。 ②直接放在介词后作宾语时。 Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。 巧记 that 和 which 的区别: that，which 可互换，下列请况勿照办;that 情况比较多，不妨对你说一说;不定代词这路货，全用 tat准没错;先行词前被限制，千万不要用 which;要用 which 别着急，介词提前逗隔离。 6、关系代词 who 与 that 的区别 (1)当先行词是 he、people、those 等时，引导词常用 who。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉. Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举手。 I'll never forget the people who have helped me.我将永远不会忘记那些帮助过我的人。 (2)当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用 that。 She isn't the little girl that she used to be.她再也不是过去的那个小姑娘了. 7、as 的用法 1.as既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。当先行词被so, as, such, the same所修饰，或such, the same本身就是先行词，关系代词用as。 e.g. We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (as作主语) Take as many jewels as you want. (as 作宾语 ) He is not the same man as he was. (as作表语) This book is not such as I expect. (as 作宾语) such …as… 其中such是代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中充当成分，修饰先行词such. e.g. This book is not such as I expect. (as 作表语) 2. as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前、又可以放在主句之后，有时还可以插在主句中。 as引导的定语从句可以替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。 e.g. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 提醒： such/so/the same...as与such/so/the same...that的区别： 在解决这一问题时，我们一定要摆脱思维定势的影响。注意下列问题： It is such a big rock (so big a rock) that no one can lift it. (结果状语从句，从句中不缺少成分) It is such a big rock (so big a rock) as no one can lift. (定语从句，从句中缺少宾语) Here it is. It is the same pen that you have lost. (定语从句，指代同一个) I have bought you a pen. Here you are. It is the same pen as you have lost. (定语从句，指代同一类) 3.as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来修饰或限制整个主句的内容，有时可以换用。 e.g. He failed in the history examination, as / which seemed natural.  提醒： 但在下列情况下which与as不能换用：     1.关系代词引导的定语从句放在主句之前时，只能用as引导。 e.g. As we had expected, his performance was wonderful.  2.当从句和主句语意一致时，用as；反之用which。 e.g. She has married again, as we expected. (语意一致) She has married again, which was unexpected. (语意不一致) 3.当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.  Tom has made great progress, which delighted us.  4.as常用在as anybody can see,(正如人人都能看到的那样), as is well-known = as is known to all (众所周知), as we had expected (正如我们所预料的哪里), as is mentioned above (正如上面提到的), as (it) seems等结构中。 e.g. Jack has won the first prize, as (it) often happens.  5.当定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时只能用which。 e.g. He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected)。 6.as仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义。 e.g. David is tall, as are my brother. (=and so are my brothers)  He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (不出所料) 练一练 单项选择 1. I want to know the place I was born. A. that B.which C.when D.where 2. Hangzhou is a city I visit most often. A. where B.whose C.in which D.that 3. Where is the boy whose arm was hurt by the window glass is broken? A. which B.whose C.where D.that 4. The reason I was late was my car broken down. A. which: that B. that; why C. why; when D. why; that 5. This is so interesting a book is worth . A. that; reading B. as; reading C.that; being read D. as; being read 6. There are 2,000 workers in our factory, two thirds of are women. A. which B.whom C.them D.who 7. She will never forget the day she was married. A. that B.when C. in which D.which 8. I am so happy about to work in Yunnan, a place which my father spent his childhood. A. having assigned; at B. assigned; at C. being assigned; in D. having been assigned; in 9. is known to us, racial prejudice is still in existence in some countries and no one knows for sure it will be wiped out. A. It; where B. As: when C. What: how D. That: what 10. is reported in the newspaper, the earthquake in the east of Jiangxi Province killed 13 people. A. It B.As C. That D.What 11. is strongly recommended is that we should never trust such people always over-praise you to you face. A. It; which B. As; that C. What; as D. It; who 12. I’ll never forget the day I met Mr. Li for the first time. A. when B.that C. which D.where 13. I'm one of the boys, never late for school. A. that is B. who are C.who am D. who is 14. Her sister, you met at my home, was a teacher of English. A. whom B.that C. which D.what 15. He is the only person I want to talk with. A. that B.who C. which D.why 16. This is the house he has lived in for 15 years. A. where B.that C. in which D.when 17. the guidance of the scientist on the earth, the astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, much help for knowing space. A. Under: which we think it is B. With: of which we think is C. Under, which we think are of D. With; we think which is of 18. It is in the very gym was built last year I work out on a regular after work. A. that; that; basis B. which: that; base C. which: where: based D. that: where: basis 19.The pencil he was writing broke. A. with which B. in which C. which D.that 20. Hangzhou is a city there is a beautiful lake. A. which B. that C.where D.whose 21. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany. A. studying; of whom B. study; of whom C. studying: of them D. study; of them 22. Not every leisured aristocrat becomes demoralized. The emperor Hirohito, instead of a decadent life, was devoted to marine biology, a field he became distinguished. A. slipping into; in which B. getting hold of; that C. getting in the way of, where D. slipping in; of which 提高题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chang'e-6 Takes Off from the Moon's Far Side The ascender of China's Chang'e-6 probe (航空探测器) lifted off from the lunar surface or Tuesday morning, carrying samples collected from the moon's far side, 1 unprecedented achievement in human lunar exploration history. The Chang'e-6 probe, 2 (consist) of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner - like its predecessor Chang'e-5- was launched on May 3. Its lander-ascender combination touched down at 3 was designated as the landing area in the South Pole in June 2. The spacecraft finished its intelligent and rapid sampling work, and the samples were put in a container inside the ascender of the probed as planned. “The mission 4 (withstand) the test of high temperature on the far side of the moon," said the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It adopted two methods of moon sampling, including using a drill to collect subsurface samples and grabbing samples on the surface 5 a robotic arm. It automatically gathered diverse samples at different sites. After the sampling was completed, a Chinese flag carried by the lander 6 (unfold) for the first time on the far side of the moon. Unlike takeoff on Earth, the ascender could not rely on a launch tower system, and the lander acted as a temporary “launching pad" instead. Chang’e-6's takeoff from the far side of the moor can't copy the Chang'e-5 ascent from the near side of the moon, 7 it could not receive direct ground control and support. It 8 use its special sensors to achieve autonomous positioning and orientation, with the assistance of Queqiao-2 for communication. Compared with Chang'e-5,Chang'e-6, 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation, tackles the challenges posed by the uncertainties of the moon's far side during its takeoff and ascent. The control system of Chang’e-6 has also beer enhanced to improve its autonomy, making it possible for lunar takeoff and ascent 10 (complete) with reduced reliance on relay satellite and ground support. Part3 当堂练习 (a~amount) 单词拼写 1.The captain gave the order to a ship because it was sinking. 2.Plants a carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. 3.Tim was looking through an old photo a ,with pictures of Christmas. 4.I'm sorry about breaking the vase, it was an a , I mean I did not intend to do it. 5.I've opened an a with the Agricultural Bank of China. 6.I will give you my a and telephone number. 7.He has never achieved his a of becoming a famous writer. 8.She was born without the a to speak. 9.Shelly speak with a slight a . 10.More than 75% of the land is used for a . 词组填空(适当形式填空) take action be aimed at adapt to be against be accused of agree with be just about to add up to take advantage of be admitted to 1.The children find it hard to the new school. 2.The professor stealing his student's ideas. 3.The numbers exactly 100. 4.Your story doesn't what the police have told us. 5.I the good weather to paint the door. 6.the use of drugs the law; it's illegal. 7.These measures preventing violent crimes. 8.We leave when Jerry arrived. 9.The government must now to stop the rise in road accidents. 10.Candidates who fail to meet these requirements will not the University. 句子翻译 1.Tom 没有参加会议，因为他的父亲得了重病。(absent) 2.他虽已年过八十，但头脑仍然十分机敏。(alert) 3.他们出国时遗忘了宠物。幸好有邻居照应。(abandon) 4.她让丈夫陪同去医院，尽管她一个人也行。(accompany) Part4 课后巩固 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. These days, learning in school cannot 1 (take) for granted. Teachers can no longer anticipate their students to learn in old fashioned ways -- 2 rote. 3 sparking interest in students takes creativity and innovation, some teachers are trying to make 4 difference by being different. In a Utah elementary school, instead of just reading textbooks, students learn about ancient civilizations by creating their own virtual worlds on the computer. It was this creative teaching idea 5 earned teacher Florence Graham an award for using technology to make learning relevant and exciting. Canadian history teacher Stephance Cote turned his 6th graders into filmmakers to learn the history of their province, Quebec. Students figured out how much renting equipment and hiring actors 6 (cost),and then they drew up a storyboard. After that, they shot the film on a digital camera, 7 (edit) it on the computer and added special effects. Cote then showed all of the films at a party 8 students got awards based on how much they 9 (improve) rather than how good their films were. “I'm not sure I really teach.”explained Cote.“It's about offering a situation where a student can learn.” Inside Nancy Barile's high school classroom in Revere, Massachusetts, students focus attentively on writing their own suspense stories. 10 (love) for her creative assignments, and respected for her high standards, Barile demands excellence from her students and never gives them just “busywork.” Section B(Vocabulary)(10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you need. A. text B. nearly C. hang D. anxious E. desperate F.natives G. Almost H.misleading I.adolescents J.practically K. trial Danah Boyd, who holds positions at Microsolt Research, New York University, and Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, has a pointed message for parents: Most everything we think we know about the way our kids are using the Internet is wrong. Boyd's new book, Its Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, makes the case that the Internet isn't 11 as scary or damaging to young people as many moms and dads believe. As the mother of a 16-year-old, I found most of it fascinating. Here are two of my biggest takeaways. Technology is not turning our teens into social misfits. Although the image persists that young people would rather 12 than talk, and prefer to connect on Facebook rather than 13 out in person, Boyd says this isn't true. “Most of the teens that I met were 14 for the opportunity to leave their homes to gather with friends,” she writes. The 15 is that in many communities, young people have less freedom than they once did because they are so over scheduled and because parents are 16 about their safety. “The era of being able to run around after school so long as you are home before dark is long over,” Boyd notes. To make up for this lost freedom, teens have turned to their computers. “The success of social media must be understood partly in relation to this shrinking social landscape,”Boyd explains. Facebook, Twitter,Instagram, Snap chat, and other sites “are not only new public spaces: they are in many cases the only 'public’ spaces in which teens can easily communicate with large groups of their peers.” 17 aren't as Internet savvy as we like to think. Although teens have been growing up 18 glued to their computers and smartphones, they still remain simple in many ways about what they find online. After all, they're just kids. “'Many of today's teens are indeed deeply engaged with social media but this does not mean that they have the knowledge or skills to make the most of their online experiences,” Boyd writes. “The term 'digital 19 ,’ far from being useful, is often a distraction to understanding the challenges that youth face in the networked world.” One area in which young people need help is in learning to distinguish between valid and 20 sources of information. “Teens may make their own media or share content online,” Boyd observes, “but this does not mean that they inherently have the knowledge or perspective to critically examine what they consume.” Yet many teachers, librarians, and, yes, parents do. “Even those who are afraid of technology,” Boyd says,“can offer valuable critical perspective. " As a mom or dad, the most important thing for your kid to plug into is your hard-earned wisdom. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.普遍认为人生的真谛并不在于你的收获，而在于你的付出。(consist)(汉译英) 2.志愿者们蹑手蹑脚地走进养老院以免吵醒熟睡中的老人们。(tiptoe)(汉译英) 3.在学校实验室里他通过反复尝试解决了一个又一个难题，这对他未来的成功产生了重大影响。(difference,trial)(汉译英) 4.许多野生动物保护组织反对在这些流浪动物身上做实验,并呼吁社会保护濒危动物。(experiment)(汉译英) 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025-2026学年上海高二英语上学期-定语从句关系代词&词汇练习A（T） Part1 课前热身 1.The very $3l billion Facebook Inc. is paying for a smartphone application made jaws drop, even in Silicon Valley. A. which B. what C.that D.whose 【答案】C 2.The new system in development Dr. Grey participated is not being utilized in the current National Defense program. A. which B.where C.whose D.that 【答案】C 3.There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched and we can say with reasonable confidence, "this will help." is mental activity. A. with which B.in which C.about which D.without which 【答案】C 4.Mr. Smith was so angry at all Bill was doing he left. A. that; what B. that; that C. which; which D. what: that 【答案】B 5.Nobody likes goodbyes, but just like clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe, leaves space for exciting new items, letting go of friends who no longer fit in our current lives will leave space for fresh relationships that bring something richer to our lives. 【答案】which 6.The very thing makes it effective -its subtlety- also raises ethical questions. 【答案】that Part2 知识梳理 定语从句中关系代词主要用法 英语中的关系代词有 who，whom，whose，which，that 和 as。它们的用法如下: 1、who，whom 的用法 who 和 whom 指人，who 在定语从句中作主语;whom 在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who 代替 whom。 In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry.起初，买到西红柿的人常会生气。(作主语)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom 作宾语省略His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他很爱你的母亲，她于 1818年去世了。(whom 引导非限制性定语从句,作宾语但不能省略) 2、whose 的用法 whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用 of which 取代 I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。 We lived in a house whose window faces south,我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。 3、which 的用法 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world.今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方看到了。(作主语，不能省略) They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。(作主语，不能省略) It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略) He came late, which we all know.我们都知道，他来晚了。(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略) 4、that 的用法 that 多指物，有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和 which 大致相同，但也有区别。 All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。(that 指人,在从句中作主语，不能省略) This is all (that)I can tell you.这是我能告诉你的全部情况。(that 指物，在从句中作宾语，常省略) This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写的最好的一个剧本。(that 指物,在从句中作主语,不能省略) She is the only person(that)I can trust.她是我唯一可以依赖的人。(that 指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略) 5、关系代词 that 和 which 的区别 (1)相同点 这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物;在从句中都可作主语或宾语;作宾语时都可省略. The train that ( which )has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略) (2)用 that，不用 which 的情况 ①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little 等不定代词时(something 之后也可用 which) To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。 Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题 ②)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一. The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 ③当先行词有 the very，the only，the same 等修饰时。 That's the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。 Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。 ④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。 They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论工厂里看到人和事。 They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。 ⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了. ⑥当要避免与疑问词 which 重复时。 Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的? ⑦当先行词为 the way, the time,the period 等时，关系代词常用 that，但通常被省略 I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。 (3)用 which,不用 that 的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句。 Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。 Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 杉乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。 ②直接放在介词后作宾语时。 Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。 巧记 that 和 which 的区别: that，which 可互换，下列请况勿照办;that 情况比较多，不妨对你说一说;不定代词这路货，全用 tat准没错;先行词前被限制，千万不要用 which;要用 which 别着急，介词提前逗隔离。 6、关系代词 who 与 that 的区别 (1)当先行词是 he、people、those 等时，引导词常用 who。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉. Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举手。 I'll never forget the people who have helped me.我将永远不会忘记那些帮助过我的人。 (2)当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用 that。 She isn't the little girl that she used to be.她再也不是过去的那个小姑娘了. 7、as 的用法 1.as既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。当先行词被so, as, such, the same所修饰，或such, the same本身就是先行词，关系代词用as。 e.g. We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (as作主语) Take as many jewels as you want. (as 作宾语 ) He is not the same man as he was. (as作表语) This book is not such as I expect. (as 作宾语) such …as… 其中such是代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中充当成分，修饰先行词such. e.g. This book is not such as I expect. (as 作表语) 2. as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前、又可以放在主句之后，有时还可以插在主句中。 as引导的定语从句可以替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。 e.g. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. 提醒： such/so/the same...as与such/so/the same...that的区别： 在解决这一问题时，我们一定要摆脱思维定势的影响。注意下列问题： It is such a big rock (so big a rock) that no one can lift it. (结果状语从句，从句中不缺少成分) It is such a big rock (so big a rock) as no one can lift. (定语从句，从句中缺少宾语) Here it is. It is the same pen that you have lost. (定语从句，指代同一个) I have bought you a pen. Here you are. It is the same pen as you have lost. (定语从句，指代同一类) 3.as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来修饰或限制整个主句的内容，有时可以换用。 e.g. He failed in the history examination, as / which seemed natural.  提醒： 但在下列情况下which与as不能换用：     1.关系代词引导的定语从句放在主句之前时，只能用as引导。 e.g. As we had expected, his performance was wonderful.  2.当从句和主句语意一致时，用as；反之用which。 e.g. She has married again, as we expected. (语意一致) She has married again, which was unexpected. (语意不一致) 3.当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.  Tom has made great progress, which delighted us.  4.as常用在as anybody can see,(正如人人都能看到的那样), as is well-known = as is known to all (众所周知), as we had expected (正如我们所预料的哪里), as is mentioned above (正如上面提到的), as (it) seems等结构中。 e.g. Jack has won the first prize, as (it) often happens.  5.当定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时只能用which。 e.g. He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected)。 6.as仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义。 e.g. David is tall, as are my brother. (=and so are my brothers)  He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (不出所料) 练一练 单项选择 1. I want to know the place I was born. A. that B.which C.when D.where 2. Hangzhou is a city I visit most often. A. where B.whose C.in which D.that 3. Where is the boy whose arm was hurt by the window glass is broken? A. which B.whose C.where D.that 4. The reason I was late was my car broken down. A. which: that B. that; why C. why; when D. why; that 5. This is so interesting a book is worth . A. that; reading B. as; reading C.that; being read D. as; being read 6. There are 2,000 workers in our factory, two thirds of are women. A. which B.whom C.them D.who 7. She will never forget the day she was married. A. that B.when C. in which D.which 8. I am so happy about to work in Yunnan, a place which my father spent his childhood. A. having assigned; at B. assigned; at C. being assigned; in D. having been assigned; in 9. is known to us, racial prejudice is still in existence in some countries and no one knows for sure it will be wiped out. A. It; where B. As: when C. What: how D. That: what 10. is reported in the newspaper, the earthquake in the east of Jiangxi Province killed 13 people. A. It B.As C. That D.What 11. is strongly recommended is that we should never trust such people always over-praise you to you face. A. It; which B. As; that C. What; as D. It; who 12. I’ll never forget the day I met Mr. Li for the first time. A. when B.that C. which D.where 13. I'm one of the boys, never late for school. A. that is B. who are C.who am D. who is 14. Her sister, you met at my home, was a teacher of English. A. whom B.that C. which D.what 15. He is the only person I want to talk with. A. that B.who C. which D.why 16. This is the house he has lived in for 15 years. A. where B.that C. in which D.when 17. the guidance of the scientist on the earth, the astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, much help for knowing space. A. Under: which we think it is B. With: of which we think is C. Under, which we think are of D. With; we think which is of 18. It is in the very gym was built last year I work out on a regular after work. A. that; that; basis B. which: that; base C. which: where: based D. that: where: basis 19.The pencil he was writing broke. A. with which B. in which C. which D.that 20. Hangzhou is a city there is a beautiful lake. A. which B. that C.where D.whose 21. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany. A. studying; of whom B. study; of whom C. studying: of them D. study; of them 22. Not every leisured aristocrat becomes demoralized. The emperor Hirohito, instead of a decadent life, was devoted to marine biology, a field he became distinguished. A. slipping into; in which B. getting hold of; that C. getting in the way of, where D. slipping in; of which 【答案】 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.C 21.A 22.A 提高题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chang'e-6 Takes Off from the Moon's Far Side The ascender of China's Chang'e-6 probe (航空探测器) lifted off from the lunar surface or Tuesday morning, carrying samples collected from the moon's far side, 1 unprecedented achievement in human lunar exploration history. The Chang'e-6 probe, 2 (consist) of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender and a returner - like its predecessor Chang'e-5- was launched on May 3. Its lander-ascender combination touched down at 3 was designated as the landing area in the South Pole in June 2. The spacecraft finished its intelligent and rapid sampling work, and the samples were put in a container inside the ascender of the probed as planned. “The mission 4 (withstand) the test of high temperature on the far side of the moon," said the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It adopted two methods of moon sampling, including using a drill to collect subsurface samples and grabbing samples on the surface 5 a robotic arm. It automatically gathered diverse samples at different sites. After the sampling was completed, a Chinese flag carried by the lander 6 (unfold) for the first time on the far side of the moon. Unlike takeoff on Earth, the ascender could not rely on a launch tower system, and the lander acted as a temporary “launching pad" instead. Chang’e-6's takeoff from the far side of the moor can't copy the Chang'e-5 ascent from the near side of the moon, 7 it could not receive direct ground control and support. It 8 use its special sensors to achieve autonomous positioning and orientation, with the assistance of Queqiao-2 for communication. Compared with Chang'e-5,Chang'e-6, 9 has witnessed improvements in the autonomy and reliability of its navigation, tackles the challenges posed by the uncertainties of the moon's far side during its takeoff and ascent. The control system of Chang’e-6 has also beer enhanced to improve its autonomy, making it possible for lunar takeoff and ascent 10 (complete) with reduced reliance on relay satellite and ground support. 【答案】1. an 2.consisting 3. what 4. withstood 5. with 6. was unfolded 7. because/as 8. must 9.which 10. to be completed Part3 当堂练习 (a~amount) 单词拼写 1.The captain gave the order to a ship because it was sinking. 2.Plants a carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. 3.Tim was looking through an old photo a ,with pictures of Christmas. 4.I'm sorry about breaking the vase, it was an a , I mean I did not intend to do it. 5.I've opened an a with the Agricultural Bank of China. 6.I will give you my a and telephone number. 7.He has never achieved his a of becoming a famous writer. 8.She was born without the a to speak. 9.Shelly speak with a slight a . 10.More than 75% of the land is used for a . 【答案】 1 .abandon The captain gave the order to abandon ship because it was sinking 解析:船长下令弃船，因为船正在下沉。abandon 作动词表示“放弃、抛弃”，此处指放弃即将沉没的船只。 2.absorb Plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. 解析:植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。absorb 作动词表示“吸收”，描述植物的光合作用过程 3.album Tim was looking through an old photo album, with pictures of Christmas. 解析:蒂姆正在翻看一本老相册，里面有圣诞照片。album 指“相册”，专用于存放照片的册子。 4.accident I'm sorry about breaking the vase, it was an accident, I mean I did not intend to do it. 解析:抱歉打碎了花瓶，这是个意外，我不是故意的。accident指“意外事件”，强调非故意行为。 5.account I've opened an account with the Agricultural Bank of China. 解析:我在中国农业银行开了一个账户。account指“银行账户”，与金融机构相关。 6.address I will give you my address and telephone number. 解析:我会给你我的地址和电话号码。address 作名词表示“住址”，常用于联系方式中 7.ambition He has never achieved his ambition of becoming a famous writer. 解析:他从未实现成为著名作家的抱负。ambition指“雄心、抱负”，强调长期目标。 8.ability She was born without the ability to speak 解析:她天生失去说话能力。ability指“能力”，此处特指语言能力. 9.accent 核心短语/词汇：with a slight accent带有轻微的口音 句子译文：Shelly 说话带有轻微的口音。 10.agriculture 核心短语/词汇：more than 超过 be used for 用于 句子译文：超过75%的土地用于农业。 解析：介词for 后面接名词。根据常识，超过75%的土地用于农业，所以用名词agriculture 表示农业。 词组填空(适当形式填空) take action be aimed at adapt to be against be accused of agree with be just about to add up to take advantage of be admitted to 1.The children find it hard to the new school. 2.The professor stealing his student's ideas. 3.The numbers exactly 100. 4.Your story doesn't what the police have told us. 5.I the good weather to paint the door. 6.the use of drugs the law; it's illegal. 7.These measures preventing violent crimes. 8.We leave when Jerry arrived. 9.The government must now to stop the rise in road accidents. 10.Candidates who fail to meet these requirements will not the University. 【答案】 1.The children find it hard to adapt to the new school. 解析:adapt to 表示适应新环境。句意:孩子们很难适应新学校。 2.The professor has been accused of /was accused of stealing his student's ideas 解析:be accused of指被指控做某事。句意:教授被指控窃学生的创意， 3.The numbers add up to exactly 100 解析:add up to 表示总和达到。句意:这些数字加起来正好是 100。 4.Your story doesn't agree with what the police have told us 解析:agree with 指与..一致。句意:你的说法和警方的陈述不符 5.I took advantage of the good weather to paint the door. 解析:take advantage of表示利用有利条件。句意:我利用好天气给门刷漆 6.The use of drugs is against the law, it's illegal. 解析:be against 指违反。句意:吸毒是违法行为。 7.These measures are aimed at preventing violent crimes 解析:be aimed at 表示旨在。句意:这些措施旨在预防暴力犯罪。 8.We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived. 解析:be just about to 表示即将做某事。句意:我们正要离开时杰瑞到了。 9.take action 解析：政府必须立即采取行动来阻止道路交通事故的上升 10.be admitted to 解析：未能满足这些要求的候选人将不会被大学录取。 句子翻译 1.Tom 没有参加会议，因为他的父亲得了重病。(absent) 2.他虽已年过八十，但头脑仍然十分机敏。(alert) 3.他们出国时遗忘了宠物。幸好有邻居照应。(abandon) 4.她让丈夫陪同去医院，尽管她一个人也行。(accompany) 【答案】 1. Tom was absent from the meeting because his father suffered from a serious disease. 2. Although he's over eighty .his mind is still remarkably alert. 3. They abandoned their pet when they went abroad. Lucky it was taken care of by their neighbour. 4. She asked her husband to accompany her to hospital, though she herself could manage. Part4 课后巩固 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. These days, learning in school cannot 1 (take) for granted. Teachers can no longer anticipate their students to learn in old fashioned ways -- 2 rote. 3 sparking interest in students takes creativity and innovation, some teachers are trying to make 4 difference by being different. In a Utah elementary school, instead of just reading textbooks, students learn about ancient civilizations by creating their own virtual worlds on the computer. It was this creative teaching idea 5 earned teacher Florence Graham an award for using technology to make learning relevant and exciting. Canadian history teacher Stephance Cote turned his 6th graders into filmmakers to learn the history of their province, Quebec. Students figured out how much renting equipment and hiring actors 6 (cost),and then they drew up a storyboard. After that, they shot the film on a digital camera, 7 (edit) it on the computer and added special effects. Cote then showed all of the films at a party 8 students got awards based on how much they 9 (improve) rather than how good their films were. “I'm not sure I really teach.”explained Cote.“It's about offering a situation where a student can learn.” Inside Nancy Barile's high school classroom in Revere, Massachusetts, students focus attentively on writing their own suspense stories. 10 (love) for her creative assignments, and respected for her high standards, Barile demands excellence from her students and never gives them just “busywork.” 【答案】1.be taken 2.by 3.Because/As/Since 4.a 5. that 6. cost 7. edited 8. where 9. had improved 10. Loved Section B(Vocabulary)(10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you need. A. text B. nearly C. hang D. anxious E. desperate F.natives G. Almost H.misleading I.adolescents J.practically K. trial Danah Boyd, who holds positions at Microsolt Research, New York University, and Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, has a pointed message for parents: Most everything we think we know about the way our kids are using the Internet is wrong. Boyd's new book, Its Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, makes the case that the Internet isn't 11 as scary or damaging to young people as many moms and dads believe. As the mother of a 16-year-old, I found most of it fascinating. Here are two of my biggest takeaways. Technology is not turning our teens into social misfits. Although the image persists that young people would rather 12 than talk, and prefer to connect on Facebook rather than 13 out in person, Boyd says this isn't true. “Most of the teens that I met were 14 for the opportunity to leave their homes to gather with friends,” she writes. The 15 is that in many communities, young people have less freedom than they once did because they are so over scheduled and because parents are 16 about their safety. “The era of being able to run around after school so long as you are home before dark is long over,” Boyd notes. To make up for this lost freedom, teens have turned to their computers. “The success of social media must be understood partly in relation to this shrinking social landscape,”Boyd explains. Facebook, Twitter,Instagram, Snap chat, and other sites “are not only new public spaces: they are in many cases the only 'public’ spaces in which teens can easily communicate with large groups of their peers.” 17 aren't as Internet savvy as we like to think. Although teens have been growing up 18 glued to their computers and smartphones, they still remain simple in many ways about what they find online. After all, they're just kids. “'Many of today's teens are indeed deeply engaged with social media but this does not mean that they have the knowledge or skills to make the most of their online experiences,” Boyd writes. “The term 'digital 19 ,’ far from being useful, is often a distraction to understanding the challenges that youth face in the networked world.” One area in which young people need help is in learning to distinguish between valid and 20 sources of information. “Teens may make their own media or share content online,” Boyd observes, “but this does not mean that they inherently have the knowledge or perspective to critically examine what they consume.” Yet many teachers, librarians, and, yes, parents do. “Even those who are afraid of technology,” Boyd says,“can offer valuable critical perspective. " As a mom or dad, the most important thing for your kid to plug into is your hard-earned wisdom. 【答案】11.B 12.A 13.C 14.E 15.K 16.D 17.I 18.G 19.F 20.H Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.普遍认为人生的真谛并不在于你的收获，而在于你的付出。(consist)(汉译英) 【答案】 It is generally believed that the true essence of life consists not in your gains, but in your efforts. 2.志愿者们蹑手蹑脚地走进养老院以免吵醒熟睡中的老人们。(tiptoe)(汉译英) 【答案】Volunteers tiptoed into the nursing home to avoid waking up the sleeping elderly. 3.在学校实验室里他通过反复尝试解决了一个又一个难题，这对他未来的成功产生了重大影响。(difference,trial)(汉译英) 【答案】He solved one difficult problem after another by trial and error in the school lab, which made a big difference to his future success. 4.许多野生动物保护组织反对在这些流浪动物身上做实验,并呼吁社会保护濒危动物。(experiment)(汉译英) 【答案】Many wildlife conservation organisations oppose experiments on these stray animals and call for social protection for endangered animals. 第 1 页 共 4 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $