Unit 2 语法2025-2026学年人教版（2024）七年级英语上册

七年级英语语法讲义Unit 2 冠词和名词的数 ( 辅音发音开头的单词前用a 不定冠词a/ an (泛指) 元音发音开头的单词前用 an 必须加 the 的词类 定冠词 the (特指) 零冠词的词类 冠 词 ) ( 可数名词的单复数 不可数名词量的表达 可数名词和不可数名词 常考数量表达辨析 名词的数 ) 考点一冠词(a/an/the) 小试身手 ▶圈一圈，选择恰当的冠词补全句子 1.We have( a an ） cat and two dogs. （A The ） cat is black and the dogs are white. 2.Kate is（ a an） beautiful girl. 3.She is （a an ） actor from England. 4.I have （the an ） orange. （The An ） orange is in the basket. 5.I had （a an ）egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. 6.Mary often plays （ a the ） piano in （a the ）morning. 核心突破 ◎ a和an的用法 ▶参照示例填一填 apple,basketball,teacher,egg,airport,hill,old man,game,university. idea,hour,umbrella,honest boy,good idea a basketball, an apple, 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 □ Tips 1.辅音发音开头的单词前用a;元音发音开头的单词前用an,通常可用五个元音字母 (a/e/i/o/u)区分。 2.首字母发音特殊的单词需要特殊记忆： an umbrella an honest man an hour a university a useful book a European country 用a/an/one补全句子 1.—Can robot do the work?—No,only people can do it. 2. —Is apple enough for you?—No,I need two apples. 3. doctor can save people's life. 4. —How many monkeys can you see?—I can see only monkey. 5. .—Have you got e-mail address?—Yes,I have. □ Tips a/an和one都表示“一”,区别是： a/an指同一类人或物中的“任何一个”;one强调“数量的一个”。 ( ◎ the的用法 ) 用a/an/the填一填，补全句子 1.Do you know woman over there? 2.I have umbrella. umbrella is red. 3. Tina has new car. car is beautiful. 4.Long long ago there lived king. king had son. □ Tips 不定冠词a/an泛指某个人或某个物、人或事物的某一类， 定冠词the特指双方都知道的、或上文已经提到的人或物。 1/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ▶选出每组句子中正确的一个，在圆圈里画“√ ” 1 2 The moon moves around the earth Moon moves around the earth. Greens are watching TV now. . The Greens are watching TV now. 6 7 8 They often have the breakfast at 7:00. They often have breakfast at 7:00. It's hot in summer and cold in winter. It's hot in the summer and cold in the winter. June I st is Children's Day. . June 1st is the Children's Day. 3 Mary like splaying playing piano. Mary likes playing playing the piano. 4. 5. Bob likes playing football. Bob likes playing the football. My father went to the Summer Palace. My father went to Summer Palace. 9 My mother goes to work by the bus. My mother goes to work by bus. 10 Her family will have a holiday in March. Her family willhave a holiday in the March. □ Tips 前面必须加the的词类： ①世界上独一无二的事物 ②名胜古迹③姓氏的复数(表示一家人)④西洋乐器 零冠词的词类： ①星期、月份、季节前 ②西方及国际节日前③三餐前④球类运动前⑤by+交通工具 考点二名词的数 ▶单项选择 1.Are these your ? A.watch B.watchs C.watches 2.Look!His are clean. A.teeth B.tooths C.toothes 3.There is eraser on the table. A.a B,an C.the 4.Tina has got______ money in the bag. A.a B.some C.an 5.The boy has interesting books. A.a B.some C.an 6.There isn't any. in the bottle. A.eggs B.oranges C.milk ( 核心 突 破 ) ( ◎可数名词的单复数 ) 用所给名词的适当形式填空 1.They took many (photo)in the park. 2.The boy ate lots of. (potato)yesterday. 3.There are some (leaf)on the tree. 4.Do you brush your (tooth)every day? 5.Look!There are two (deer)under the tree. 6.I can see three. (man teacher)behind the desk. 口 Tip s ▶补 全表格 可数名词变复数的规则 规则 示例 大多数名词 加-s cup- 以s/sh/ch/x结尾的名词 加-es box- 辅音字母+y结尾的名词 去y,加-ies city-_ 以f/fe结尾的名词 去f/fe,加-ves knife- 以字母o结尾的名词 大部分加-s photo- 特殊几个加-es tomato-. hero- potato-_ mango- 特殊变形 child-children mouse-mice man-men woman-women Englishman-Englishmen policeman-policemen fireman-firemen goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth 特殊名词短语 man doctor- woman doctor- 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 规则 示例 单复数同形 sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 集体名词 (谓语动词用复数) clothes/police/trousers/people(人们)/ glasses(眼镜)/shorts(短裤)/ goods(商品)/cattle(牛) ( ◎不可数名词量的表达 ) ( ▶ 参照示例连一连，搭配 成合适的短语 three pieces of tea a bag of· paper two cups of· juice four bottles of water a drop of· money three pieces of milk a can of meat two glasses of · beer ) □ Tips 1.不可数名词不能直接用a/an/one/two等具体的数字修饰，没有复数形式。 2.表达不可数名词的具体数量，需要用到量词短语，并在量词上作单复数变化。 如：one bottle of water一瓶水 three bottles of water三瓶水 3. fish 这个名词很特殊：当“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词； 当“鱼的条数”讲时为可数名词，复数形式为fish; 当“鱼的种类”讲时为可数名词，复数形式为fishes。 如：a piece of fish一片鱼肉two fish两条鱼two different fishes两种不同的鱼 4.常考不可数名词： food/meat/fish/chicken/beef/pork/mutton/orange(橙汁)/milk/tea/water/ rice/bread/sugar/work/homework/news/paper/ice/rain/wind/snow/ air/weather/music/money/advice/information/fun 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( ◎ 表 示 数 量 的 修 饰 语 和 动 词 的 单 复 数 ) 圈 一 圈，为句子选出合适的词 1.There ( are is) (some any ) sheep on the farm. Unit 2 2.Can you see (some any ) people in the room? 3.I have ( lots of many ) money. 4.There ( is are ) ( a little a few ) bread in the fridge 5.There ( is are ) (little a little ) time. Hurry up! 6.Tom's family ( is are ) having lunch now. 7.There ( is are ) three pieces of bread on the plate. 将下列表示数量的词或短语分类 many much a lot of lots of a few few a little little plenty of some a number of 只修饰可数名词 (apples) 只修饰不可数名词 (water) 修饰可数/不可数名词 (apples/water) Tips 1.,some常用于肯定句， any常用于否定句和疑问句。 2.不可数名词单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； 可数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数同名词单复数； 量词短语+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数同量词短语的单复数。 3.family这个名词很特殊；当强调“一个家庭整体”时，谓语动词用单数； 当强调“家庭中的成员”时，谓语动词用复数。 如：Lily's family is in Beijing.Lily一家在北京。 Lily's family are all music lovers . Lily一家人都是音乐爱好者。 14 真题演练 单项选择 1.I’m going to have__________ picnic on Sunday.Unit 2 A.the;an B.an;the C.a;/ D.an;/ 2. We haven't got ______ meat for dinner.Let's buy_____ chicken. A.some;some B.some;any C.any;any D.any;some 3.I went to the hospital yesterday.I found a few there. A.man nurses B.men nurse C.men nurses 4.To keep our city beautiful,the______are always very busy in the streets. A.policemen B.cleaners C.drivers 5. —Can I help you,Madam?—Yes. ____, please. A.Two pair of socks B.Two pairs of socks C.Two pairs of sock D.Two pair of sock 6.—Could you please put some in my cup?—I'd like sweet coffee. A.sugar B.salt C.ice D.pepper 7.—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? —It takes us____ hour to go to my hometown by____ train. A.a;a B.an;/ C.an;the 8.We should brush our _________every day. A.tooth B.teeth C.hand 9.I'd like some______ and _____. A.banana;tomato B.bananas;tomatos C.bananas;tomatoes D.banana;tomatoes 10. _______ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world. A.The B.A C.An D./ 11.I play ______ guitar in my spare time.It makes my life colorful. ( )A.a B.an C.the D./ 12. Would you send me some ________of yours?I miss you very much. A.magazines B.photos C.money D.advice 13. —Are you thirsty?—Yes,please give us______. A.three bottle water B.three bottle of water C.three bottles of water D.three bottles of waters 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 14，There are a lot of _____on the grassland._______sheep-dog(牧羊犬） is sitting next to them. A.sheep;The B.sheep;A C.sheeps;The D.sheeps;A 15. Jim has _______useful book.______ book is very interesting. A.the;A B.an;A C.a;The D.an;The ▶根据提示补全句子 1. The two_______(factory)were moved outside the city last year. 2. Many _______(hero)have set good examples for us to follow. 3. We need some ______(brush)to paint the wall. 4. Hurry up!Some _______(tomato)and _______ (egg)are on sale in the super 5.Please open the w_________and let some fresh air in. 6.Jim laid out the _______(knife)and forks at the lunch table. 情景交际——感谢应答篇 表示感谢 ① Thank you very much./Thank you so much.非常感谢。 ② Thanks a lot./Many thanks.多谢。 ③ It's very kind of you.你太好了!(多谢你了。) ④ Thanks/Thank you for helping me.感谢你帮助我。 ⑤ Thank you all the same.还是要感谢你。 对感谢的应答 ① Not at all./You're welcome.别客气。不用谢。 That's all right./That's OK.没什么。不用谢。 It's a/my pleasure./My pleasure.别客气。这是我高兴做的。 No problem./It's nothing.没什么。不客气。 $