精品解析：河南省南阳市第一中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

南阳一中2025年春期高三年级开学考试 英语试题 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Paid Internships (实习) for Students Brooklyn Museum Education Internship The Brooklyn Museum Education Internship Program is open to college graduates interested in teaching diverse audiences. This ten-month internship allows interns to receive intensive training in museum-education philosophy and practice from museum staff. Sam’s Club High School Internship The Sam’s Club High School Internship Program is open to high school juniors and seniors. Internships are available across the United States. Intern duties span areas of member service, training, etc. Internships last ten weeks. DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship The DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship is available to high schoolers. To be considered for an internship, you must have financial need as defined by your family income being below the HUD MFI for your county. During the eight-week internship, you will spend 35-40 hours a week on an active construction job site, assisting with important project functions including document control, quality inspections, safety training etc. Internships are offered in various locations in the U.S. Starbucks Internship The Starbucks Internship is available to upper-division undergraduate students and to first-year graduate students. Internships are offered in technology, supply chain, data analytics, and other fields. Throughout this 10-12-week program, you will work full-time on meaningful projects, participate in round tables with directors and leadership, and access professional development workshops. This internship is offered in Seattle, WA; relocation support is available. 1. Which internship provides both theory and practice training? A. Brooklyn Museum Education Internship. B. Sam’s Club High School Internship. C. DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship. D. Starbucks Internship. 2. What is a requirement for DPR Construction Internship? A. Excellent designing skills. B. Proof of financial need. C. Previous working experience. D. Willingness to work unpaid. 3. Which benefit is common to all internships? A. Relocation support. B. Real-world experience. C. Professional certification. D. Leadership development. I remember opening my iPad one day in fifth grade after a silly conversation with my cousin about scary story ideas. Hours later, I completed my first short story. Since then, I’ve written many stories, short and long. But also, since then, I’ve read more and noticed just how well people my age could write. Since then, I also felt less and less willing to share my work:what if my writing isn’t as good as everybody else's? What started off as something creative that I could share with friends turned into competition changed by feelings of competence. Oftentimes, hobbies begin as something just for fun. But eventually, what was once fun now contributes to feelings of stress and inadequacy. I have plenty of memories of thinking I was going to pick up something new and stick with it, whether it be playing the piano, or drawing. But there is always a part of me that expects myself to just magically be good at all of those things. And when I’m not, the enjoyment tapers off as, slowly, I think mediocrity(平庸) isn’t acceptable anymore. Writing is the only hobby that I have repeatedly come back to despite dropping it constantly. I can see the growth in my writing all these years, but the expectations to be better and better is never satisfied. This is why I drop writing for months at a time. This feeling of a hobby becoming, for a lack of better word, a chore, lowers the satisfaction of said hobby. But hobbies are there to give you a breath of fresh air from having to excel at everything, from academics to your occupation. We must accept that it is okay to just suck at an activity but still doing it because it brings you joy. There is a balance between joy and expectations, either set by others or by ourselves. 4. What does the author do in the first paragraph? A. He challenges a tradition. B. He relates an experience. C He envisions a coming trend. D. He compares varied hobbies. 5. Which can best replace the underlined phrase “tapers off” in paragraph 1? A. Thins out. B. Tops out. C. builds up. D. Spreads around. 6. Why does the author drop writing constantly? A. He is inadequate for it. B. He prefers mediocrity. C. He equates joy with achievement. D. He receives bitter comment. 7 What message does the passage convey? A. Mediocrity is the key to enjoyment. B. A hobby shared is a hobby squared. C. Excellence ensures academic success. D. Enjoyment outweighs excellence in hobbies. The future of human flight arrived quietly, at a time when no one was clocking up air miles. It was June 2020 and the skies were unusually empty, but down on the ground, something huge was happening with a small aircraft. The European Union Aviation (航空) Safety Agency(EASA), certified a two-seat plane made in Slovenia as safe to fly. Within a few years, the plane called Pipistrel Velis Electro was certified in the UK, the US and elsewhere. “The achievement represents a growing interest and trust in the reliability of electric planes,” says Dr Tine Tomazic, director of engineering and programs at the company Pipistrel. “We recently completed production of our 100th Velis Electro, marking a significant milestone for Pipistrel and the industry.” “The aviation industry is improving its carbon emissions (排放) by nearly 2% per passenger mile per year,” says Dr Guy Gratton, associate professor of aviation at Granfield University in the UK. However, the global demand for air transport is estimated to double by 2040, which means that while other industries are showing meaningful signs of decarbonizing, aviation is on track to increase its total emissions. “So, we need to prevent aviation becoming a majority polluter,” Gratton says. “Now, how can we do that?” The Velis Electro is leading the way, but the first electric planes aren’t designed to replace large passenger aircraft. Instead, these pioneer aircraft are designed specifically for flight training, offering just 50 minutes of flight time with 20 minutes reserve and a range of 185 kilometers. It’s powered by a 58kW electric motor with two lightweight lithium batteries. Traditional batteries are either too heavy or too hot to be practical for an aircraft. Pipistrel’s system, however, makes the whole powertrain safe, light and efficient. The battery weighs 70 kg and the whole aircraft weighs just 425 kg when empty. Pilots don’t need an additional license to fly Velis Electro, but they’ll notice differences. “The aircraft delivers power without hesitation,” Tomazic explains. “It uses a simplified user interface in a cockpit (驾驶舱) that maintains the same look and feel of its conventionally-powered planes. The cockpit is also much quieter than with conventional aircraft.” 8. What does the underlined part “something huge” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The small plane got very popular. B. The small plane was being produced. C. The small plane had improved greatly. D. The small plane received official approval. 9. Why is Dr Guy Gratton mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To show the significance of Velis Electro. B. To tell the development of Velis Electro. C. To prove the growing demand for air travel. D. To stress the aviation’s contribution to environment. 10. What do we know about the design of Velis Electro? A It involves huge batteries. B. It aims to drive large aircraft. C. It is based on global cooperation. D. It is intended for short flights. 11. How does the author mainly describe the advantages of Pipistrel’s batteries? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By presenting detailed figures. D. By showing scientific analyses. It’s a problem that has annoyed many horror movie makeup artists: How do you give someone the appearance of having a second head? Seemingly to fake out hunters, many butterflies have found their own solutions to this problem, with complicated patterns and structures on their wings that create what look like second heads on their backsides. Now, in a new study, researchers at the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) dive deeper into the origins of these “false heads”. Previous studies have shown these false heads help confuse hunters: Damage to the back end of a butterfly’s wings near the false head has less impact on vital behaviors such as flying and mating than damage to the butterfly’s real head. Scientists had long theorized that butterflies’ false heads arose because five key traits (特征) — namely false feelers, noticeable coloration, wing patterns that contain special lines, large spots, and head like shapes — evolve (进化) together to redirect predator attention. But no one had traced the evolutionary history of these traits. Evolutionary ecologists at IISER began by analyzing images of nearly 1,000 species of butterflies and marking how many of the false head traits each species exhibited. The researchers then constructed a phylogenetic tree (系统树), which allowed them to visualize how closely related false-headed species were to one another, as well as how each of the traits evolved over time. Computational modeling of this tree revealed that four of the five false head traits all evolved in a correlated manner, while also showing the order in which the traits first appeared within butterflies. The researchers propose that the separate traits integrated into a single, complex false head trait because of a common selective force: attacks from hunters. However, questions remain on the exact advantages that these distinctive defense mechanisms provide to the butterflies that use them. 12. Why is “makeup artist” mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To support a scientific theory. B. To illustrate a filming technique. C. To introduce an evolutionary trick. D. To justify a long-held assumption. 13. What might previous studies focus on? A. The development of the five traits. B. The special behaviors of butterflies. C. The defensive function of false heads. D. The evolution theories of butterflies. 14. What did IISER scientists do in the new study? A. They classified wing patterns of butterflies. B. They reconstructed history of trait evolution. C. They innovated methods of studying butterflies. D. They analyzed the survival benefits of false heads. 15 What can be a suitable title for the text? A. To survive? False a Second Head B. Confused? Phylogenetic Tree Helps C. Do Key traits Enhance Insects’ Survival? D. Does Evolution Reshape Butterflies’ Bodies? 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Children love playing outdoors, They usually get muddy, with no regard for the colour of their clothing. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents watched their children ruin their best clothes. They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees. ____16____. According to the experts, parents don’t have to concern too much about it. Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand ____17____. Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are established as well. Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces ____18____ It helps refresh the brain and even reduce depression and anxiety, One study found that children with ADHD(注意力缺陷多动症)were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park. Beijing close to grass and trees seemed to have a beneficial effect on their minds. ____19____ It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization. Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play. ____20____ They believe that not only does it make children emotionally happy but it also has a powerful effect on their wellbeing. A. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. B. Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. C. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation. D. They may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. E. They recommend using nature as an accessible way of interacting with others. F. It was obvious that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. G. Outdoor play does better to children’s physical growth, compared with getting muddy. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a ski instructor for children, I work with all sorts of behavior challenges. Kids seem to mask ____21____ less effectively than adults, so it’s ____22____ to see when they are cold, scared, or just not having fun. On one occasion, I was working with a group of ____23____ when one of them started to act out. He began spitting rude remarks and ____24____ instructions. After five years of working in this environment, I recognized that his ____25____ were not being met. Did he deserve ____26____ if he was not being kind himself? Maybe. So, I took him aside and tried a(n)____27____. I showered him with every ounce of ____28____ I could. I reassured (使安心) him and smiled when his skis responded effectively to his movements. I ____29____ him when he fell. As the class weaved through trees, I saw his _____30_____ grow. By the bottom, he was smiling as well. He quietly apologized for being _____31_____ and thanked me for being his teacher. Although this is an oversimplified example of kindness and behavioral psychology I know little about, I learned something that day: Kindness _____32_____. I often think that we are still like kids as adults. We’re just better at _____33_____ our unpleasant feelings. But our inner child needs healing and security. And when someone offers a hug after a long day, souls can be _____34_____. So, whether they _____35_____ it or not, be kind. 21. A. secret B. ability C. disappointment D. discomfort 22. A. important B. easy C. useful D. difficult 23. A. adults B. children C. athletes D. undergraduates 24. A. ignoring B. demanding C. giving D. missing 25. A. standards B. expectations C. needs D. interests 26. A. sympathy B. kindness C. recognition D. attention 27. A. experiment B. instruction C. exercise D. conversation 28. A. security B. passion C. courage D. power 29. A. promised B. questioned C. encouraged D. persuaded 30. A. curiosity B. impatience C. anxiety D. confidence 31. A. shy B. late C. unkind D. stressed 32. A. remains B. occurs C. works D. continues 33. A. accepting B. hiding C. understanding D. expressing 34. A. protected B. cured C. released D. healed 35. A. deserve B. believe C. know D. discover 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With 5,000 years of global art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art is New York’s only museum displaying modern works alongside art from other times and cultures. It recently hosted an exhibition ____36____ (name) China: Through the Looking Glass, which explores how China ____37____ (fuel) the fashionable imagination for centuries. People in the West have been interested in novel objects and imagery from the East since long ago, inspiring fashion ____38____ (master) from Paul Poiret to Yves Saint Laurent, ____39____ fashions were filled with romance and fantasy. Gallery 213 — one of the exhibition’s special halls — shows the history of blue-and-white porcelain (瓷器), which is ____40____ symbol of the long cultural exchange between the East and the West. Blue-and-white porcelain items, developed in Jingdezhen during the Yuan dynasty, ____41____ (bring) to Europe as early as the 16th century. With its growing ____42____ (popular), some people in the West began to create their own versions. ____43____ (subsequent), Chinese craftsmen responded by producing hand-painted ones for export, so a design that came to be regarded ____44____ typically Chinese was actually the product of various cultural exchanges between the East and the West. This exhibition is a milestone that shows the historical richness and ongoing influence of Chinese art on the Western world, ____45____ (represent) the East’s impact on Western culture. 第三部分 单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 46. A search group was organized to look for the students ________ (trap) in the mountains, frightened but calm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. ________ (measure) as long as 200 meters, the bridge took great efforts to build two decades ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. Well ________ (prepare) for the job interview, he was confident he would be hired. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. I prefer your________(origin) plan to these, where all the measures originate from practice and in turn serve practice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. Because the morning air is so good________(breath), I benefit a lot from getting up early in summer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. He had his study ________ (interrupt) when the war broke out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. The ________ (explore) of Mars by the newest robotic system will begin next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. In 2019, he was selected by the BBC as one of the most ________ (influence) celebrities of science. (所给词适当形式填空) 54. Committing himself to writing around the clock, he was looked on as a ________ (promise) author. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. The documentary Du Fu: China’s greatest Poet made by BBC helps foreigners know about China better and wins widespread ________(recognize) among foreigners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56. ________ (engage) in making a difference to society, the students sought to be active citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57. Animal rights ________ (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58. It ________(strike) me that no one was at home when I found I had left my key behind at home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. Peking University has educated many outstanding modern Chinese ________ (figure). (所给词的适当形式填空) 60. People who work in an office ________ (refer) to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a white shirt with a collar and tie to go to work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 61. 近年来，越来越多的学生喜欢观看短视频（short videos）, 你班就学生是否应该看短视频进行了讨论。请就此现象进行分析并陈述自己的看法。内容包括： 1. 观看短视频的优缺点； 2. 你的观点和结论。 注意：词数80词左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 62. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jenny was the only child in her home. She had a quarrel (争吵) with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help weeping （哭泣) sorrowfully when she thought of the scolding (责备) from her mother. Having wandered (闲逛） aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat, but it was not even possible for her, since she had nothing with her. She stood beside a stand (摊位) for a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she sighed and had to leave. The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles?” “Oh, yes… but I don’t have money on me” she replied. “That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today,”said the man, “come in.” The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently. “What is it?” asked the man kindly. “Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness!” said Jenny as she wiped her tears, “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother, drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so merciless (无情的) compared to a stranger!” Hearing the words, the seller smiled “Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your gratitude to her?” Jenny sat there, speechless and numb (呆滞的）with shock; she remembered mother’s familiar face and weathered (饱经风霜的) hands. “Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted (感激的；蒙恩的), but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.” On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home. 注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph1: Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2:  A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南阳一中2025年春期高三年级开学考试 英语试题 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Paid Internships (实习) for Students Brooklyn Museum Education Internship The Brooklyn Museum Education Internship Program is open to college graduates interested in teaching diverse audiences. This ten-month internship allows interns to receive intensive training in museum-education philosophy and practice from museum staff. Sam’s Club High School Internship The Sam’s Club High School Internship Program is open to high school juniors and seniors. Internships are available across the United States. Intern duties span areas of member service, training, etc. Internships last ten weeks. DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship The DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship is available to high schoolers. To be considered for an internship, you must have financial need as defined by your family income being below the HUD MFI for your county. During the eight-week internship, you will spend 35-40 hours a week on an active construction job site, assisting with important project functions including document control, quality inspections, safety training etc. Internships are offered in various locations in the U.S. Starbucks Internship The Starbucks Internship is available to upper-division undergraduate students and to first-year graduate students. Internships are offered in technology, supply chain, data analytics, and other fields. Throughout this 10-12-week program, you will work full-time on meaningful projects, participate in round tables with directors and leadership, and access professional development workshops. This internship is offered in Seattle, WA; relocation support is available. 1. Which internship provides both theory and practice training? A. Brooklyn Museum Education Internship. B. Sam’s Club High School Internship. C. DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship. D. Starbucks Internship. 2. What is a requirement for DPR Construction Internship? A. Excellent designing skills. B. Proof of financial need. C. Previous working experience. D. Willingness to work unpaid. 3. Which benefit is common to all internships? A. Relocation support. B. Real-world experience. C. Professional certification. D. Leadership development. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了面向学生的四个付费实习项目。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Brooklyn Museum Education Internship中“This ten-month internship allows interns to receive intensive training in museum-education philosophy and practice from museum staff. (此次为期十个月的实习项目让实习生能够从博物馆工作人员那里接受关于博物馆教育理念及实践的深入培训。)”可知，布鲁克林博物馆教育实习生项目提供理论和实践训练。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship中“To be considered for an internship, you must have financial need as defined by your family income being below the HUD MFI for your county. (要被考虑为实习生，你必须有经济需求，即你的家庭收入低于你所在县的HUD MFI。)”可知，DPR建筑实习项目需要提供经济状况证明。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Brooklyn Museum Education Internship中“This ten-month internship allows interns to receive intensive training in museum-education philosophy and practice from museum staff. (此次为期十个月的实习项目让实习生能够从博物馆工作人员那里接受关于博物馆教育理念及实践的深入培训。)”，Sam’s Club High School Internship中“Intern duties span areas of member service, training, etc. (实习生的工作职责涵盖会员服务、培训等多个方面。)”，DPR Construction Build Up High School Internship中“During the eight-week internship, you will spend 35-40 hours a week on an active construction job site, assisting with important project functions including document control, quality inspections, safety training etc. (在为期八周的实习期间，您每周将有35至40个小时的工作时间安排在繁忙的建筑施工现场，协助完成重要的项目工作，包括文件管理、质量检查、安全培训等。)”及Starbucks Internship中“Throughout this 10-12-week program, you will work full-time on meaningful projects, participate in round tables with directors and leadership, and access professional development workshops. (在这一为期10至12周的项目中，您将全职投入有意义的项目工作，参加与主管和领导的圆桌会议，并参加专业发展研讨会。)”可知，四个实习项目都能获得实际经验。故选B。 I remember opening my iPad one day in fifth grade after a silly conversation with my cousin about scary story ideas. Hours later, I completed my first short story. Since then, I’ve written many stories, short and long. But also, since then, I’ve read more and noticed just how well people my age could write. Since then, I also felt less and less willing to share my work:what if my writing isn’t as good as everybody else's? What started off as something creative that I could share with friends turned into competition changed by feelings of competence. Oftentimes, hobbies begin as something just for fun. But eventually, what was once fun now contributes to feelings of stress and inadequacy. I have plenty of memories of thinking I was going to pick up something new and stick with it, whether it be playing the piano, or drawing. But there is always a part of me that expects myself to just magically be good at all of those things. And when I’m not, the enjoyment tapers off as, slowly, I think mediocrity(平庸) isn’t acceptable anymore. Writing is the only hobby that I have repeatedly come back to despite dropping it constantly. I can see the growth in my writing all these years, but the expectations to be better and better is never satisfied. This is why I drop writing for months at a time. This feeling of a hobby becoming, for a lack of better word, a chore, lowers the satisfaction of said hobby. But hobbies are there to give you a breath of fresh air from having to excel at everything, from academics to your occupation. We must accept that it is okay to just suck at an activity but still doing it because it brings you joy. There is a balance between joy and expectations, either set by others or by ourselves. 4. What does the author do in the first paragraph? A. He challenges a tradition. B. He relates an experience. C. He envisions a coming trend. D. He compares varied hobbies. 5. Which can best replace the underlined phrase “tapers off” in paragraph 1? A. Thins out. B. Tops out. C. builds up. D. Spreads around. 6. Why does the author drop writing constantly? A. He is inadequate for it. B. He prefers mediocrity. C. He equates joy with achievement. D. He receives bitter comment. 7. What message does the passage convey? A. Mediocrity is the key to enjoyment. B. A hobby shared is a hobby squared. C. Excellence ensures academic success. D. Enjoyment outweighs excellence in hobbies. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从五年级开始写作，随着阅读增多，发现同龄人写作水平高，因担心自己写得不好而逐渐不愿分享作品，写作从创意分享变成竞争，还提到其他爱好也因期望过高而带来压力，最后指出爱好应带来快乐，要在快乐和期望间找到平衡。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“I remember opening my iPad one day in fifth grade after a silly conversation with my cousin about scary story ideas. Hours later, I completed my first short story. Since then, I’ve written many stories, short and long. But also, since then, I’ve read more and noticed just how well people my age could write. Since then, I also felt less and less willing to share my work: what if my writing isn’t as good as everybody else’ s? What started off as something creative that I could share with friends turned into competition changed by feelings of competence.(我记得五年级的一天，在和表弟就恐怖故事创意进行了一次愚蠢的对话后，我打开了iPad。几个小时后，我完成了我的第一个短篇小说。从那以后，我写了很多短篇和长篇故事。但同样，从那以后，我读得更多，也注意到我这个年纪的人写作水平有多高。从那以后，我也越来越不愿意分享我的作品：如果我的写作不如其他人的好呢？原本是一件我可以和朋友分享的创意之事，却变成了因能力感而改变的竞争。)”可知，作者在第一段讲述了一段自己的经历。故选B项。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“And when I’m not, the enjoyment … as, slowly, I think mediocrity(平庸) isn’t acceptable anymore(当我不是这样的时候，随着慢慢地，我认为平庸不再被接受，这种乐趣就……了)”可知，当作者认为自己做得不好，认为平庸不再被接受时，乐趣就会减少，所以“tapers off”意思是“减少”。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Writing is the only hobby that I have repeatedly come back to despite dropping it constantly. I can see the growth in my writing all these years, but the expectations to be better and better is never satisfied. This is why I drop writing for months at a time. This feeling of a hobby becoming, for a lack of better word, a chore, lowers the satisfaction of said hobby.(写作是我唯一一个不断放下却又反复捡起的爱好。这些年我能看到自己写作上的进步，但对越来越好的期望从未得到满足。这就是为什么我一次会放下写作好几个月。这种爱好变成了一种家务活的感觉，降低了这种爱好带来的满足感)”可知，这些年作者能看到自己写作上的进步，但对越来越好的期望从未得到满足，这就是为什么作者一次会放下写作好几个月，这种爱好变成了一种家务活的感觉，降低了这种爱好带来的满足感，可推理出作者不断放下写作是因为把快乐等同于成就，当达不到期望时，写作带来的快乐就降低了。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But hobbies are there to give you a breath of fresh air from having to excel at everything, from academics to your occupation. We must accept that it is okay to just suck at an activity but still doing it because it brings you joy. There is a balance between joy and expectations, either set by others or by ourselves(但爱好是为了让你在从学业到职业的各个方面都出类拔萃之余，能呼吸到新鲜空气。我们必须接受，在一项活动中表现不佳也没关系，只要它给你带来快乐。在快乐和期望之间有一个平衡，无论是别人设定的还是我们自己设定的)”可知，在一项活动中表现不佳也没关系，只要它给你带来快乐，可推理出文章主要传达的是在爱好中，快乐比优秀更重要。故选D项。 The future of human flight arrived quietly, at a time when no one was clocking up air miles. It was June 2020 and the skies were unusually empty, but down on the ground, something huge was happening with a small aircraft. The European Union Aviation (航空) Safety Agency(EASA), certified a two-seat plane made in Slovenia as safe to fly. Within a few years, the plane called Pipistrel Velis Electro was certified in the UK, the US and elsewhere. “The achievement represents a growing interest and trust in the reliability of electric planes,” says Dr Tine Tomazic, director of engineering and programs at the company Pipistrel. “We recently completed production of our 100th Velis Electro, marking a significant milestone for Pipistrel and the industry.” “The aviation industry is improving its carbon emissions (排放) by nearly 2% per passenger mile per year,” says Dr Guy Gratton, associate professor of aviation at Granfield University in the UK. However, the global demand for air transport is estimated to double by 2040, which means that while other industries are showing meaningful signs of decarbonizing, aviation is on track to increase its total emissions. “So, we need to prevent aviation becoming a majority polluter,” Gratton says. “Now, how can we do that?” The Velis Electro is leading the way, but the first electric planes aren’t designed to replace large passenger aircraft. Instead, these pioneer aircraft are designed specifically for flight training, offering just 50 minutes of flight time with 20 minutes reserve and a range of 185 kilometers. It’s powered by a 58kW electric motor with two lightweight lithium batteries. Traditional batteries are either too heavy or too hot to be practical for an aircraft. Pipistrel’s system, however, makes the whole powertrain safe, light and efficient. The battery weighs 70 kg and the whole aircraft weighs just 425 kg when empty. Pilots don’t need an additional license to fly Velis Electro, but they’ll notice differences. “The aircraft delivers power without hesitation,” Tomazic explains. “It uses a simplified user interface in a cockpit (驾驶舱) that maintains the same look and feel of its conventionally-powered planes. The cockpit is also much quieter than with conventional aircraft.” 8. What does the underlined part “something huge” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The small plane got very popular. B. The small plane was being produced. C. The small plane had improved greatly. D. The small plane received official approval. 9. Why is Dr Guy Gratton mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To show the significance of Velis Electro. B. To tell the development of Velis Electro. C. To prove the growing demand for air travel. D To stress the aviation’s contribution to environment. 10. What do we know about the design of Velis Electro? A. It involves huge batteries. B. It aims to drive large aircraft. C. It is based on global cooperation. D. It is intended for short flights. 11. How does the author mainly describe the advantages of Pipistrel’s batteries? A By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By presenting detailed figures. D. By showing scientific analyses. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Pipistrel公司的一款小型电动飞机。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“The European Union Aviation (航空) Safety Agency(EASA), certified a two-seat plane made in Slovenia as safe to fly. Within a few years, the plane called Pipistrel Velis Electro was certified in the UK, the US and elsewhere. (欧洲航空安全局（EASA）认定一款产自斯洛文尼亚的双座飞机具备飞行安全性能。短短几年间，这款名为“皮斯泰尔·维利斯·电能”的飞机在英国、美国及其他地区均获得了认证。)”可知，something huge指的是该款小型飞机得到官方批准。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中““So, we need to prevent aviation becoming a majority polluter,” Gratton says. “Now, how can we do that?” (“所以，我们必须防止航空业成为主要的污染源，”格拉顿说道。“那么，我们该如何做到这一点呢？”)”和第四段中“The Velis Electro is leading the way, but the first electric planes aren’t designed to replace large passenger aircraft. (维利斯电动飞机走在了前列，但首批电动飞机并非旨在取代大型客机。)”可知，提到Dr Guy Grattan是为了说明Velis Electro飞机的意义。故选A。 10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Instead, these pioneer aircraft are designed specifically for flight training, offering just 50 minutes of flight time with 20 minutes reserve and a range of 185 kilometers. It’s powered by a 58 kW electric motor with two lightweight lithium batteries. (相反，这些先锋型飞机是专门为飞行训练而设计的，飞行时长仅为50分钟，其中包含20分钟的备用时间，航程可达185公里。它由一台58千瓦的电动机驱动，并配备两块轻型锂电池。)”可知，Velis Electro是针对短途飞行距离设计的。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Traditional batteries are either too heavy or too hot to be practical for an aircraft. Pipistrel’s system, however, makes the whole powertrain safe, light and efficient. The battery weighs 70 kg and the whole aircraft weighs just 425 kg when empty. (传统的电池要么太重，要么太热，都不适合用于飞机。然而，皮斯泰尔的这套系统使整个动力系统既安全又轻便且高效。该电池重70千克，而飞机空载时的总重量仅为425千克。)”可知，作者主要是通过比较来描述Pipistrel的电池优势。虽然提到了数据，但也是为了说明与传统电池的比较。故选B。 It’s a problem that has annoyed many horror movie makeup artists: How do you give someone the appearance of having a second head? Seemingly to fake out hunters, many butterflies have found their own solutions to this problem, with complicated patterns and structures on their wings that create what look like second heads on their backsides. Now, in a new study, researchers at the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) dive deeper into the origins of these “false heads”. Previous studies have shown these false heads help confuse hunters: Damage to the back end of a butterfly’s wings near the false head has less impact on vital behaviors such as flying and mating than damage to the butterfly’s real head. Scientists had long theorized that butterflies’ false heads arose because five key traits (特征) — namely false feelers, noticeable coloration, wing patterns that contain special lines, large spots, and head like shapes — evolve (进化) together to redirect predator attention. But no one had traced the evolutionary history of these traits. Evolutionary ecologists at IISER began by analyzing images of nearly 1,000 species of butterflies and marking how many of the false head traits each species exhibited. The researchers then constructed a phylogenetic tree (系统树), which allowed them to visualize how closely related false-headed species were to one another, as well as how each of the traits evolved over time. Computational modeling of this tree revealed that four of the five false head traits all evolved in a correlated manner, while also showing the order in which the traits first appeared within butterflies. The researchers propose that the separate traits integrated into a single, complex false head trait because of a common selective force: attacks from hunters. However, questions remain on the exact advantages that these distinctive defense mechanisms provide to the butterflies that use them. 12. Why is “makeup artist” mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To support a scientific theory. B. To illustrate a filming technique. C. To introduce an evolutionary trick. D. To justify a long-held assumption. 13. What might previous studies focus on? A. The development of the five traits. B. The special behaviors of butterflies. C. The defensive function of false heads. D. The evolution theories of butterflies. 14. What did IISER scientists do in the new study? A. They classified wing patterns of butterflies. B. They reconstructed history of trait evolution. C. They innovated methods of studying butterflies. D. They analyzed the survival benefits of false heads. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. To survive? False a Second Head B. Confused? Phylogenetic Tree Helps C. Do Key traits Enhance Insects’ Survival? D. Does Evolution Reshape Butterflies’ Bodies? 【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了蝴蝶进化出假头迷惑捕食者，研究者通过分析蝴蝶物种、构建系统树，追溯假头特征的进化历程，揭示其为生存的进化适应。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s a problem that has annoyed many horror movie makeup artists: How do you give someone the appearance of having a second head? Seemingly to fake out hunters, many butterflies have found their own solutions to this problem, with complicated patterns and structures on their wings that create what look like second heads on their backsides. (这是一个令许多恐怖电影化妆师头疼的问题：如何让一个人看起来像是长着第二个脑袋呢？似乎是为了骗过捕食者，许多蝴蝶找到了应对这一问题的自身解决方案。它们的翅膀上有着复杂的图案和结构，从而在它们的背部形成了看起来像第二个脑袋的形状。)”可知，在第一段中提到了“化妆师”这个概念是为了介绍一种进化上的技巧。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Previous studies have shown these false heads help confuse hunters: Damage to the back end of a butterfly’s wings near the false head has less impact on vital behaviors such as flying and mating than damage to the butterfly’s real head. (此前的研究表明，这些假头会干扰猎食者：蝴蝶翅膀后端（靠近假头的部分）受到损伤对诸如飞行和交配等关键行为的影响要小于蝴蝶真实头部所受的损伤。)”可知，以往的研究会关注假头的防御功能。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Evolutionary ecologists at IISER began by analyzing images of nearly 1,000 species of butterflies and marking how many of the false head traits each species exhibited. The researchers then constructed a phylogenetic tree (系统树), which allowed them to visualize how closely related false-headed species were to one another, as well as how each of the traits evolved over time. (印度科学研究院的进化生态学家们首先对近1000种蝴蝶的图片进行了分析，并记录了每种蝴蝶表现出的假头部特征的数量。随后，他们构建了一个系统树，借此能够直观地看出假头部特征的蝴蝶种类之间的亲缘关系有多紧密，以及这些特征是如何随时间演变而形成的。)”可知，印度科学研究院的研究人员在此次研究中重建了特征演变的历史。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Seemingly to fake out hunters, many butterflies have found their own solutions to this problem, with complicated patterns and structures on their wings that create what look like second heads on their backsides. Now, in a new study, researchers at the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) dive deeper into the origins of these “false heads”. (似乎是为了骗过捕食者，许多蝴蝶找到了应对这一问题的自身解决方案。它们的翅膀上有着复杂的图案和结构，从而在它们的背部形成了看起来像第二个脑袋的形状。如今，在一项新的研究中，印度科学研究院（IISER）的研究人员进一步探究了这些“假脑袋”的起源。)”以及文章主要说明了蝴蝶进化出假头迷惑捕食者，研究者通过分析蝴蝶物种、构建系统树，追溯假头特征的进化历程，揭示其为生存的进化适应。可知，A选项“为了生存？伪造第二头”最符合文章标题。故选A。 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Children love playing outdoors, They usually get muddy, with no regard for the colour of their clothing. “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents watched their children ruin their best clothes. They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees. ____16____. According to the experts, parents don’t have to concern too much about it. Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand ____17____. Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are established as well. Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces ____18____ It helps refresh the brain and even reduce depression and anxiety, One study found that children with ADHD(注意力缺陷多动症)were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park. Beijing close to grass and trees seemed to have a beneficial effect on their minds. ____19____ It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization. Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play. ____20____ They believe that not only does it make children emotionally happy but it also has a powerful effect on their wellbeing. A. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. B. Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. C. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation. D. They may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. E. They recommend using nature as an accessible way of interacting with others. F. It was obvious that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over. G. Outdoor play does better to children’s physical growth, compared with getting muddy. 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. C 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了户外游戏的好处。 【16题详解】 根据上文“They were happy running through farmer’s fields or climbing trees.(他们很高兴在农民的田地里跑步或爬树)”可知，孩子们淘气了一天后，衣服都会弄脏，F项“很明显，孩子们的白色衣服在一天结束之前就会变成棕色”符合题意，故选择F项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Recent research shows that the dirt outside can develop resistance to a range of illnesses. Certain natural materials, such as mud, contain surprisingly powerful microorganisms(微生物群) whose positive impact on children’s health we are only beginning to fully understand(最近的研究表明，外界的污垢可以对一系列疾病产生抵抗力。某些天然材料，如泥浆，含有惊人的强大微生物群，其对儿童健康的积极影响我们才刚刚开始完全理解)”可知，本段主要说的是户外游戏为孩子的健康带来的好处，G项“与泥土相比，户外玩耍对孩子的身体发育更好”符合题意，故选择G项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Our brains evolved in beautiful landscapes, and the way we perceive the world is particularly suited to wild outdoor spaces.(我们的大脑在美丽的风景中进化，我们感知世界的方式特别适合野外空间)”可知，这里说的是自然风景对于大脑带来的刺激， C项“这意味着自然风景提供了完美的刺激水平。”符合题意，故选择C项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“It helps children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which helps them gradually understand the external environment and the internal connections of things in different ways. If children play with others, they can learn how to communicate with others and develop effective strategies to promote socialization.(它有助于儿童发展他们的感官和运动互动方式，帮助他们以不同的方式逐渐了解外部环境和事物的内部联系。如果孩子们与他人玩耍，他们可以学习如何与他人交流，并制定有效的策略来促进社会化)”可知本段主要说的是户外游戏带来的学习体验，下文的it指代的是“Outdoor play cab”，B项“户外游戏车也提供了宝贵的学习体验”符合题意，故选择B项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Today, with the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is rarer than in the past. More and more parents begin to recognize the importance of outdoor play.(如今，随着电子游戏和社交媒体的吸引，与大自然的接触比过去更加罕见。越来越多的家长开始认识到户外游戏的重要性)”可知与其让孩子接触电子产品，家长更希望自己的孩子能去接近自然，D项“他们可能私下里希望自己的孩子能有机会捡一些泥土”符合题意，故选择D项。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As a ski instructor for children, I work with all sorts of behavior challenges. Kids seem to mask ____21____ less effectively than adults, so it’s ____22____ to see when they are cold, scared, or just not having fun. On one occasion, I was working with a group of ____23____ when one of them started to act out. He began spitting rude remarks and ____24____ instructions. After five years of working in this environment, I recognized that his ____25____ were not being met. Did he deserve ____26____ if he was not being kind himself? Maybe. So, I took him aside and tried a(n)____27____. I showered him with every ounce of ____28____ I could. I reassured (使安心) him and smiled when his skis responded effectively to his movements. I ____29____ him when he fell. As the class weaved through trees, I saw his _____30_____ grow. By the bottom, he was smiling as well. He quietly apologized for being _____31_____ and thanked me for being his teacher. Although this is an oversimplified example of kindness and behavioral psychology I know little about, I learned something that day: Kindness _____32_____. I often think that we are still like kids as adults. We’re just better at _____33_____ our unpleasant feelings. But our inner child needs healing and security. And when someone offers a hug after a long day, souls can be _____34_____. So, whether they _____35_____ it or not, be kind. 21. A. secret B. ability C. disappointment D. discomfort 22. A. important B. easy C. useful D. difficult 23. A. adults B. children C. athletes D. undergraduates 24. A. ignoring B. demanding C. giving D. missing 25. A. standards B. expectations C. needs D. interests 26. A. sympathy B. kindness C. recognition D. attention 27. A. experiment B. instruction C. exercise D. conversation 28. A. security B. passion C. courage D. power 29. A. promised B. questioned C. encouraged D. persuaded 30. A. curiosity B. impatience C. anxiety D. confidence 31. A. shy B. late C. unkind D. stressed 32. A. remains B. occurs C. works D. continues 33. A. accepting B. hiding C. understanding D. expressing 34. A. protected B. cured C. released D. healed 35. A. deserve B. believe C. know D. discover 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为滑雪老师给一个调皮捣蛋的孩子展示善意的故事，作者明白了成年人和小孩子是一样的，只是成年人更容易隐藏自己，所以无论对方是谁，都要向对方展示善意。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们掩饰不适的能力似乎不如成年人，所以当他们感到冷、害怕或不开心时，很容易看出来。A. secret秘密，秘诀；B. ability能力；C. disappointment失望；D. discomfort不适。根据“see when they are cold, scared, or just not having fun”可知，孩子们掩饰不舒服的能力较弱。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们掩饰不适的能力似乎不如成年人，所以当他们感到冷、害怕或不开心时，很容易看出来。A. important重要的；B. easy容易的；C. useful有用的；D. difficult困难的。根据“less effectively than adults”及“see when they are cold, scared, or just not having fun”可知，孩子们的掩饰能力弱，所以很容易发现他们的不舒适。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我和一群孩子一起工作，其中一个孩子开始调皮捣蛋。A. adults成年人；B. children孩子们；C. athletes运动员；D. undergraduates大学生。根据上文“As a ski instructor for children”可知，作者是孩子们的指导师，所以应该是和孩子们一起工作。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始说粗话，无视指示。A. ignoring忽视；B. demanding要求；C. giving给；D. missing想念。根据“He began spitting rude remarks”可知，这个孩子不听话，无视作者的指示。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这样的环境中工作了五年之后，我意识到他的需求并没有得到满足。A. standards标注；B. expectations期待；C. needs需要；D. interests兴趣。根据“After five years of working in this environment”及“were not being met.”可知，作者工作了五年，有了工作经验，知道了孩子的表现是由于需要没有得到满足。meet the needs为固定短语。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他自己都不善良，他还值得被仁慈吗？A. sympathy同情；B. kindness善意；C. recognition认可；D. attention注意力。根据“if he was not being kind himself”及最后一段作者对于kindness的看法可知，此处询问这个孩子是否值得善意的对待。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我把他叫到一边，做了一个试验。A. experiment试验；B. instruction指示；C. exercise锻炼；D. conversation保护。根据下文“I showered him with every ounce of ____8____ I could.”及下文内容可知，作者在此处做了一个试验。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我尽我所能地保护了他。A. security安全；B. passion热情；C. courage勇气；D. power力量。根据“showered him with every ounce of”可知，此处指作者给了这个孩子每一份的安全感。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跌倒时我鼓励他。A. promised承诺；B. questioned质疑；C. encouraged鼓励；D. persuaded说服。根据“when he fell”可知，当孩子跌倒时，作者鼓励他。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当整个班级穿过树林时，我看到他的信心在增长。A. curiosity好奇心；B. impatience不耐烦；C. anxiety焦虑；D. confidence自信。根据后文“By the bottom, he was smiling as well.”可知，作者在陪伴孩子训练时感受到了孩子的信心在增长。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他悄悄地为自己的不友善道歉，并感谢我做他的老师。A. shy害羞的；B. late迟到的；C. unkind不友善的；D. stressed有压力的。根据上文“He began spitting rude remarks and ____4____ instructions.”可知，男孩对于之前不友善的行为道歉。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这是一个关于善良和行为心理学的过于简单的例子，但我对它知之甚少，那天我学到了一些东西：善良是有效的。A. remains保持；B. occurs出现；C. works起作用；D. continues继续。根据上一段作者善意对待这个孩子的过程可知，作者在试验的过程中发现，善意是能起作用的。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只是更善于隐藏不愉快的感觉。A. accepting接受；B. hiding隐藏；C. understanding理解；D. expressing表达。根据上文“Kids seem to mask ____1____ less effectively than adults””可知，成年人比孩子更容易隐藏不愉快。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当有人在漫长的一天后给你一个拥抱，灵魂就能得到治愈。A. protected保护；B. cured治愈；C. released释放；D. healed愈合。根据“But our inner child needs healing and security. And when someone offers a hug after a long day”可知，成年人内心的小孩子需要治愈，一个拥抱就可以做到。cure表示具体的疾病，heal表示内心的感情创伤的治愈，愈合。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，不管他们应得与否，都要善待他们。A. deserve值得；B. believe相信；C. know知道；D. discover发现。根据上文可知，善意是能起作用的，此处为让步状语，表示“无论对方是否值得善意”，都要用善意对待别人。故选A项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With 5,000 years of global art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art is New York’s only museum displaying modern works alongside art from other times and cultures. It recently hosted an exhibition ____36____ (name) China: Through the Looking Glass, which explores how China ____37____ (fuel) the fashionable imagination for centuries. People in the West have been interested in novel objects and imagery from the East since long ago, inspiring fashion ____38____ (master) from Paul Poiret to Yves Saint Laurent, ____39____ fashions were filled with romance and fantasy. Gallery 213 — one of the exhibition’s special halls — shows the history of blue-and-white porcelain (瓷器), which is ____40____ symbol of the long cultural exchange between the East and the West. Blue-and-white porcelain items, developed in Jingdezhen during the Yuan dynasty, ____41____ (bring) to Europe as early as the 16th century. With its growing ____42____ (popular), some people in the West began to create their own versions. ____43____ (subsequent), Chinese craftsmen responded by producing hand-painted ones for export, so a design that came to be regarded ____44____ typically Chinese was actually the product of various cultural exchanges between the East and the West. This exhibition is a milestone that shows the historical richness and ongoing influence of Chinese art on the Western world, ____45____ (represent) the East’s impact on Western culture. 【答案】36. named 37. has fueled##has fuelled 38. masters 39. whose 40. a 41. were brought 42. popularity 43. Subsequently 44. as 45. representing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕大都会艺术博物馆举办的“中国：镜花水月”展览展开，以青花瓷为例，呈现东西方文化交流下时尚设计的演变，展现中国艺术对西方世界的历史影响与持续作用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆近期举办了一场名为“中国：镜花水月”的展览，旨在探索数个世纪以来，中国是如何不断激发时尚界想象力的。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，an exhibition和name为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填named。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：该博物馆近期举办了一场名为“中国：镜花水月”的展览，旨在探索数个世纪以来，中国是如何不断激发时尚界想象力的。空处作从句谓语，根据时间状语“for centuries”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为China，助动词用has。故填has fueled或者has fuelled。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：许久以来，西方人一直对来自东方的新奇器物与意象充满兴趣，这也启发了从保罗・波烈到伊夫・圣罗兰等一众时尚大师，这些大师的设计作品中满是浪漫色彩与奇幻元素。空处需填名词作宾语，根据后文“from Paul Poiret to Yves Saint Laurent”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填masters。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：许久以来，西方人一直对来自东方的新奇器物与意象充满兴趣，这也启发了从保罗・波烈到伊夫・圣罗兰等一众时尚大师，这些大师的设计作品中满是浪漫色彩与奇幻元素。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是fashion masters，与fashions为所属关系，需用关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。故填whose。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：213号展厅是此次特展的特色展厅之一，该展厅展示了青花瓷的发展历史——青花瓷是东西方文化长期交流的象征。symbol是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且symbol发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：青花瓷于元代在景德镇得以发展，早在16世纪便传入欧洲。空处作谓语，Blue-and-white porcelain items与bring之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语“as early as the 16th century”是过去的时间，需用一般过去时，主语为复数。故填were brought。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着青花瓷越来越受欢迎，一些西方人开始尝试创作属于自己的青花瓷版本。空处作介词with的宾语，需用名词popularity，为不可数名词。故填popularity。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：随后，中国工匠也做出回应，专门制作手绘青花瓷用于出口。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词subsequently，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Subsequently。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：由此可见，如今被视为极具中国特色的青花瓷图案，实际上是东西方多元文化交流融合的产物。be regarded as是固定短语，意为“被视为……”。故填as。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：此次展览具有里程碑意义，它不仅展现了中国艺术深厚的历史底蕴，也体现了中国艺术对西方世界持续至今的影响力，同时也代表着东方文化对西方文化产生的重要作用。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，This exhibition与represent是主动关系，现在分词作伴随状语。故填representing。 第三部分 单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 46. A search group was organized to look for the students ________ (trap) in the mountains, frightened but calm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】trapped 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个搜救小组被组织起来寻找被困在山里的学生们，他们虽然害怕但很镇定。句子谓语动词是was organized，空格处在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语students构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词students。故填trapped。 47. ________ (measure) as long as 200 meters, the bridge took great efforts to build two decades ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Measuring 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这座桥长达200米，二十年前建造它耗费了巨大的努力。逗号后是主句。此处考查“The bridge measures 200 meters.”的用法，此处measure表示 “(尺寸、长度等)量度为……”，是系动词用法。the bridge与measure是主谓关系，应用现在分词measuring作状语，句首字母大写。故填Measuring。 48. Well ________ (prepare) for the job interview, he was confident he would be hired. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】prepared 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他为求职面试做了充分准备，有信心自己会被录用。逗号后是主句，根据“sb. be prepared for sth. (某人为……做好了准备)”的固定搭配可知，此空应用过去分词prepared作状语。故填prepared。 49. I prefer your________(origin) plan to these, where all the measures originate from practice and in turn serve practice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】original 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我更喜欢你最初的计划，而不是这些，所有的措施都源于实践，反过来又为实践服务。分析句子可知，空后plan为名词，此处为形容词original“最初的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填original。 50. Because the morning air is so good________(breath), I benefit a lot from getting up early in summer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to breathe 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：因为早晨的空气呼吸起来很清新，夏天早起让我受益匪浅.“sth. be +形容词+ to do”为固定结构，其中动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。故填to breathe。 51. He had his study ________ (interrupt) when the war broke out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】interrupted 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：战争爆发时，他学习被打断了。句子谓语动词是had，空格处在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填interrupted。 52. The ________ (explore) of Mars by the newest robotic system will begin next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exploration 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：通过最新机器人系统进行的火星探索将于下个月开始。根据空前冠词The和空后介词of可知，此空应是名词作句子主语。所给词explore为动词，意为“探索”。其名词exploration意为“探索，勘探”。the exploration of...意为“对……的探索”。故填exploration。 53. In 2019, he was selected by the BBC as one of the most ________ (influence) celebrities of science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】influential 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：2019年，他被英国广播公司评选为科学界最具影响力的名人之一。此处是形容词作定语修饰名词celebrities (名人)。所给词influence为动词或名词，其形容词influential表示“有影响力的”，符合语境。故填influential。 54. Committing himself to writing around the clock, he was looked on as a ________ (promise) author. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】promising 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他夜以继日地写作，全身心投入，被认为是一位有前途的作家。根据空前冠词a和空后名词author可知，此空应是形容词作定语。所给词promise为动词(承诺)或名词(诺言)，其形容词promising表示“有前途的、有希望的”，符合语境。故填promising。 55. The documentary Du Fu: China’s greatest Poet made by BBC helps foreigners know about China better and wins widespread ________(recognize) among foreigners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recognition 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：英国广播公司制作的纪录片《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》帮助外国人更好地了解中国，并在外国人中赢得广泛认可。不可数名词recognition作宾语。 故填recognition。 56. ________ (engage) in making a difference to society, the students sought to be active citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Engaged 【解析】 【详解】 考查过去分词。句意：这些学生致力于为社会做出贡献，努力成为积极的公民。逗号后是主句，根据“sb. be engaged in sth. (投入到……，致力于……，从事)”的固定搭配可知，此空应用过去分词engaged。句首字母大写。故填Engaged。 57. Animal rights ________ (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】advocates 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：动物权利倡导者认为动物园实际上是动物监狱，而且往往很残忍。根据空后谓语动词argue可知，此空应是可数名词复数形式advocates，意为“倡导者，拥护者”。此空是句子主语。故填advocates。 58. It ________(strike) me that no one was at home when I found I had left my key behind at home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】struck 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型及时态。句意：当我发现把钥匙忘在家里时，我突然想到家里没人。“It strikes sb. that...”是固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……” 。由“found”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，“strike”的过去式是“struck” ，在句中作谓语。故填struck。 59. Peking University has educated many outstanding modern Chinese ________ (figure). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】figures 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：北京大学培养了许多中国现代杰出人物。根据“many (许多)”可知，此空应是可数名词复数figures，意为“人物”。此空是has educated的宾语。故填figures。 60. People who work in an office ________ (refer) to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a white shirt with a collar and tie to go to work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are referred 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”，原因很简单，他们上班通常穿着有领子的白衬衫，系着领带。分析句子结构可知，主句缺少谓语动词。refer to与People是动宾关系，应用被动语态(be+过去分词)。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且People为复数。故填are referred。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 61. 近年来，越来越多的学生喜欢观看短视频（short videos）, 你班就学生是否应该看短视频进行了讨论。请就此现象进行分析并陈述自己的看法。内容包括： 1. 观看短视频的优缺点； 2. 你的观点和结论。 注意：词数80词左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently, a heated discussion has been held/launched by our class held on whether students should watch short videos. Opinions concerned are divided. Some students approve of it. Their reasons are as follows. Short videos, rich in various contents, can convey a large amount of information readily, which broadens our horizons. Besides, they serve as excellent stress relievers after a long day of study, allowing us to relax. However, just as every coin has two sides, others hold the opposite view, arguing that watching short videos is a waste of time, especially for those with poor self-control. Once addicted, students will find it extremely tough to focus on study, thus negatively affecting their academic performance. As far as I’m concerned, I hold the view that short videos themselves are harmless in that the key lies in self-discipline. As long as we can control the time spent and prevent them from distracting us, watching short videos can be a beneficial form of entertainment. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。越来越多的学生喜欢观看短视频（short videos）, 你班就学生是否应该看短视频进行了讨论。请就此现象进行分析并陈述自己的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 讨论：discussion→debate 各种各样的：various→varieties of 困难的：tough→arduous 于：lie in→consist in 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Besides, they serve as excellent stress relievers after a long day of study, allowing us to relax. 拓展句：Besides, they serve as excellent stress relievers after a long day of study, which allows us to relax. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Short videos, rich in various contents, can convey a large amount of information readily, which broadens our horizons. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] As long as we can control the time spent and prevent them from distracting us, watching short videos can be a beneficial form of entertainment. (运用了as long as引导条件状语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 62. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jenny was the only child in her home. She had a quarrel (争吵) with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help weeping （哭泣) sorrowfully when she thought of the scolding (责备) from her mother. Having wandered (闲逛） aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat, but it was not even possible for her, since she had nothing with her. She stood beside a stand (摊位) for a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she sighed and had to leave. The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles?” “Oh, yes… but I don’t have money on me” she replied. “That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today,”said the man, “come in.” The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently. “What is it?” asked the man kindly. “Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness!” said Jenny as she wiped her tears, “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother, drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so merciless (无情的) compared to a stranger!” Hearing the words, the seller smiled “Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your gratitude to her?” Jenny sat there, speechless and numb (呆滞的）with shock; she remembered mother’s familiar face and weathered (饱经风霜的) hands. “Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted (感激的；蒙恩的), but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.” On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home. 注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph1: Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2:  A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. She could hear her own heart beating loudly in her ears. Her hand trembled slightly as she reached for the doorknob. As she entered, she saw her mother sitting in the dimly lit living room. Jenny walked slowly towards her, her steps heavy with guilt. “Mom,” she said softly, “I’m back. I’m so sorry for what I did. I was so blind and ungrateful. You’ve given me so much love and care all these years, and I repaid you with rudeness.” A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. Jenny looked into her mother’s eyes, which were filled with a mixture of relief and love. Her mother cupped her face in her hands and said, “My dear, I was so worried about you. I’m just glad you’re safe.” They hugged each other tightly. Jenny realized that this was the place where she truly belonged, and that her mother’s love was an unbreakable bond. From then on, she made it a point to be more patient and understanding with her mother, knowing that every moment spent with her was a precious gift. Because in the end, it was the love of family that could heal all wounds and make one whole again. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Jenny和母亲争吵后，离家出走，她有点饿，想吃东西，但是她什么都没带，一个陌生人请她吃了一碗面，陌生人告诉Jenny妈妈其实为她付出了很多，Jenny下定决心一到家就为她的粗鲁向母亲道歉。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“走近门口，珍妮深吸了一口气。”可知，第一段可描写Jenny在到家门口时的紧张、愧疚心情以及她鼓起勇气向母亲道歉的场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“她的头发被轻轻地碰了一下，她的思绪又回来了。”可知，第二段可描写Jenny与母亲深情对视、拥抱，并意识到母爱的伟大，以及她决定以后更加珍惜与母亲相处的时光。 2.续写线索：Jenny到家门口——紧张、愧疚地准备道歉——鼓起勇气向母亲表达歉意——母亲温柔回应——母女深情拥抱——决定珍惜与母亲的时光 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①颤抖：tremble/shiver/shake ②意识到：realize/recognize ③拥抱：hug/embrace 情绪类 ①不感激的：ungrateful/unthankful ②担心的：worried/concerned 【点睛】【高分句型1】Her hand trembled slightly as she reached for the doorknob. (运用as引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Jenny walked slowly towards her, her steps heavy with guilt. (运用了独立主格结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $