精品解析：山东省烟台市牟平第一中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题

24级开学考试 英语试题 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）+词汇（40分） 第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On a train. B. At a museum. C. At a ticket office. 2. How was the weather probably on the wedding morning? A. Windy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. 3. What is Lucy probably doing? A. Eating biscuits. B. Looking for some food. C. Doing some shopping. 4. What do we know about the woman? A. She gave the school some cash. B. She wrote the teacher a check. C. She didn't have money with her yesterday. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The boy's dog ate his papers. B. The boy didn't do his homework. C. The boy's homework ended up in the garbage. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why did the woman sell the car? A. She needed money to spend. B. She had problems with the car. C. She wanted to use public transportation instead. 7. Why does the woman take the plane to see her parents? A. There are always open seats on a plane. B. It would cause less pollution. C. She can save time traveling. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the woman do her grocery shopping online? A. There's no market near her place. B. She often gets off work late. C. It saves a lot of time. 9. When does the woman usually place her order? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. 10. What's the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Shop owner and customer. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The two sides of technology. B. The impact of technology on students. C. The technological advancements in teaching. 12. How soon will the woman retire? A. In fifteen years. B. In ten years. C. In five years. 13. What is the key to education according to the speakers? A. The use of high technology. B. The improvement of students' abilities. C. The application of various teaching methods. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14 What is the man doing? A. Conducting an interview. B. Sharing a volunteer experience. C. Calling for animal protection actions. 15. What was the most important thing the woman brought? A. Life jackets. B. Medicine. C. Boots. 16. How did the woman help the affected people? A. She left them some supplies. B. She took them out of the area. C. She asked others to help care for them. 17. What was the most difficult part of the woman's experience? A. Finding some animal experts. B. Managing the wounded animals. C. Transporting the animals to a safe place. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the talk mainly about? A. The importance of water protection. B. The cause of water pollution. C. A smart water safety system. 19. Why is this sea animal selected for the task? A. It helps find the source of pollution. B. It responds rapidly to water pollution. C. It's mostly unaffected by water pollution. 20. What will happen if four of the sea animals close at the same time? A. People will be warned of danger. B. The water system will close down. C. The sea animals will be cleared up. 二、中英检测。（20分） 汉译英 1. ______ n.（银行等的）贷款 2. ______ adj. 成熟的，明白事理的 3. ______ adj. 适合的 4. ______ v. 赞成，同意 5. ______ n. 证据 6. ______ n. 结论 7. ______ n. 后果 8. ______ n. 安全 9. ______ n. 截止时间；最后期限 10. ______ v. 投资 汉译英 11. ________ n. 地区，区域 12. ________ adj. 有机的；绿色的 13. ________ n. 改进；改革 14. ________ n. 手势，姿势 15. ________ n. 专家 16. ________ n. 诊所；门诊部 17. ________ adj. 双胞胎的 18. ________ n. 大混乱；紊乱 19. ________ n. 病毒 20. ________ n. 垃圾 21. ________ n. 燃料 三、单句语法填空。（20分） 22. The early life of the green sea turtle is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to ______ (adult). （所给词的适当形式填空） 23. Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that ______ (instant) cooled me off. 24. ______ (tempt) by his description, I felt an irresistible (不可抗拒的)urge to have a look at the breathtaking view. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25. As a result of our unhealthy eating habits, we suffer from poor ______ (digest) and an increased risk of gut (肠道)disease. （所给词的适当形式填空） 26. I would appreciate it if you could turn down the radio as I’m ______ (occupy) in reviewing my lesson plans. （所给词的适当形式填空） 27. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground which got ______ (dust) on windy days and muddy on rainy days. （所给词的适当形式填空） 28. He said the task of ______ (reconstruct) would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice. （所给词的适当形式填空） 29. Returning home after a year in hospital was an ______ (emotion) moment for Katy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30. The ______ (adapt) of the writer’s bestselling novel is coming to the small screen this holiday season. （所给词的适当形式填空） 31. Confucius was a great ______ (educate), and he had many great ideas about education. （所给词的适当形式填空） 32. At the graduation ceremony, I bowed low to our ______ (dedicate) English teacher to thank her for her guidance and encouragement. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33. In Healing Gardens, patients can go to be near nature during their ______ (recover). （所给词的适当形式填空） 34. They had received no news of him since his departure ______ the small island. （用适当的词填空） 35. Finally, the moment of our ______ (depart) arrived, and we loaded our cases into the car and bravely drove off. （所给词的适当形式填空） 36. The ______ (decrease) number of wild tigers has caused concern among conservationists. （所给词的适当形式填空） 37. If you have any further requirements, please don’t hesitate ______ (contact) us at any time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38. The five young men ______ (arrest) by the police last week are being questioned in connection with one of the attacks. （所给词的适当形式填空） 39. His mix of talent, ambition, energy, and luck made Dickens one of the world’s best-known and most ______ (distinguish) writers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40. Upon hearing what he said, my first ______ (react) was not to trust even one word. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Typing.com is an online typing tutor for students of all ages. Typing.com’s proven curriculum helps students from beginners to advanced learners, focusing on technique, accuracy, and speed. The following are some frequently asked questions about typing on our website. How long does it take to type without looking at the keyboard? An average student without learning differences will learn to touch type within eight to ten hours. They may be touch typing at a very slow speed (8-15 words per minute). Is it bad to look at the keyboard when typing? Yes. Not only does it prevent you from practicing your fingering, but it also slows you down and makes you type less accurately. It's far more difficult to notice mistakes when you're not looking at the screen. How do you get faster at typing? The most important technique to learn to type faster is touch typing. This is a technique based on developing muscle memory for your fingers. How can I learn to type correctly? Focus on accuracy rather than speed. Use the entire keyboard correctly. Learn some keyboard shortcuts. Practice every day. How do I increase my typing speed? Arrange your fingers properly. The most important step in improving your typing speed is ensuring that you place your fingers correctly on the keyboard. Rest the index finger (食指) of your left hand on the “F” key and the index finger of your right hand on the “J” key. Is typing.com free? Typing.com is a free online typing tutor and digital literacy (读写能力) platform used by millions of students and education professionals around the world. We aim to provide valuable learning tools to as many school teachers and students as possible. 41. What do we know about typing.com? A. It charges very little. B. It is suitable for every student. C. It helps to improve writing skills. D. It can automatically correct typing errors. 42. Who might be interested in Typing.com? A. Managers. B. Salesmen. C. Athletes. D. Teachers. 43. What is the purpose of the text? A. To promote a typing website. B. To share typing experience. C. To correct typing mistakes. D. To teach typing skills. B Mary Dickins had been a member of the audience at poetry nights before and knew “the poetry clap”. She made a polite tapping of fingers. But when she made her debut (首次演出) as a performer at the age of 62 at the legendary Bang Said the Gun night in south London, she said, “It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.” The audience stamped their feet and shook shakers. “It felt transformative. I thought, ‘I’ve got to have more of this,’ ” Dickins said. Becoming a performance poet has given her a place on a stage of her own making. All her life she has written is mostly without being seen or heard. Her mother died when she was nine, and, after she went into a care home at 13, Dickins’ writing stayed in notebooks. Really, she says, a lot of her adult life has been about getting over childhood shyness. At university — she studied education — she met her husband of 40 years, but in three years of seminars she did not say a word. Some of these results from her years at the children’s home. She says, “It gave me a sense of what it’s like to be excluded. I never fitted in anywhere.” After she graduated, she discovered that she loved working with people with learning disabilities. She became an expert in inclusive education. “That was my niche (称心的职业),” she says. She published books and returned to the University of North London as a senior lecturer in early childhood studies. Dickins now sees that in adulthood she has been giving herself permission to be silly. “The sillier I allow myself to be, the better the writing is,” she says. Her observations are humorous. “Putting things into words and giving shape to your emotions is an important part of coming to terms with the things that happen in life,” she says. Does she still feel like an outsider? “I think I’ve made it into a virtue. I celebrate the fact that I don’t fit into a box. Finally! You have to wait till you’re 62 to feel confident!” she says. “But I have a sense of who I am and I’m proud of it. I wouldn’t be anyone else now — and it took me a long time to say that.” 44. How did Dickins feel about her debut? A. Nervous. B. Anxious. C. Encouraged. D. Relieved. 45. Why was Dickins lacking in a sense of belonging? A. Her early stay at the care home. B. Her inexperienced writing skills. C. Her struggle with her university studies. D. Her poor relationship with her husband. 46. How does writing benefit Dickins? A. It helps her land a good job. B. It develops her sense of humor. C. It makes her overcome her learning disabilities. D. It enables her to get on well with her life. 47. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A Mary Dickins’ First Performance B. Mary Dickins’ New Start after 60 C. Mary Dickins’ Troubled Writing Career D. Mary Dickins’ Influence on Performance Poets C As AI art generators (生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 48. What does the underlined word "flaws" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Benefits. B. Advances. C. Weaknesses. D. Standards. 49. How is AI art different from human art? A. It is the product of experience. B. It costs less money to produce. C. It combines different styles of work. D. It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. 50. Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in the third paragraph? A. To prove the popularity of classic artworks. B. To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. C. To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D. To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. 51. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. C. Artists can create more works with the help of AI. D. There will be fierce competition in the art industry. D Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen whales, such as humpback and Rice’s whales, have two. Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species, they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory (嗅觉的) bulb (球状物) — the part of the brain that processes smell — is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dim-ethyl sulphide (二甲硫), which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr. Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale (北大西洋露脊鲸), have nostrils that are farther apart than those, such as humpback whales (座头鲸), that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 52. What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A. They are developed merely for smell. B. They are adapted ones. C. They are not easy to detect. D. They are not fixed universally in numbers. 53. What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A. The smell that phytoplankton send. B. The teeth that baleen whales have. C. The sound waves that zooplankton create. D. The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 54. How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4? A. By quoting a theory. B. By making a contrast. C. By using examples. D. By making inferences. 55. What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A. The ability to give off smells. B. The possibility to attract food. C. The ability to communicate. D. The ability to locate food. 第二节：（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 During your teenage years, your body goes through many changes, and you may or may not like how your body develops. You start forming an image of your body. ___56___ You can develop either a positive or negative body image, depending on your mindset. One of the major contributors of a negative body image is peer pressure. Even if you do not think you are being bullied by your group of friends, you may be laughed at casually about your appearance or you may simply notice that they seem more “perfect” than you. This can have a negative impact on your body image. ___57___ Often, an ideal body type is promoted heavily on social networks. Culture may also have a negative impact on one’s body image. If your culture values a particular body image, then that would make you unhappy if you don’t match it. A negative body image increases the risk of unhealthy behaviors like extreme dieting, overeating, over exercising, isolation, and risky surgeries. It also lowers life satisfaction and can lead to unhappiness. ___58___ To have a more positive body image, first accept that we are all unique individuals. Imagine if everyone looked the same, the world would be a boring place. ___59___ Beauty standards keep changing all the time. What’s more, models and celebrities you see in the media may look “perfect” for the era, but, in fact, much of it is due to makeup, angles and lighting and Photoshop! ___60___ Avoid commenting on others’ looks, and you will stop criticizing yourself too. If you have peers who constantly comment about your appearance, it might be time to re-evaluate the company you keep. Remember, your body image is simply YOUR perception (感知) of your body. This means YOU have the power to change this, even if you do not have the ability to change the perception of others. A. Your body image is influenced by many factors. B Another major factor is what is shown in the media. C. It is simply how you see, think and feel about yourself. D. More importantly, there is no such thing as a perfect body. E. In general, the key to a positive body image is self-acceptance. F. Also, instead of focusing on appearances, learn to value people for who they really are. G. Over focusing on appearance can stop you from appreciating your other positive qualities. 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It’s a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy to contribute to our communities. For a long time, I, too, believed it cost too much in time, money and____61____to make a real difference. But all that changed when I____62____my good-deed-a-day project. My daughter, Emily, was my primary____63____. I wanted to show her we could do little things to help others, and be happy. The first week, I wasn’t sure if I could ____64____it. I surfed the Internet for ideas. One day, I guided a____65____man in the subway station. He smiled as he thanked me. Another day, I brought flowers from my garden to a local nursing home. .. I could only hope I was arousing ____66____ in others. Luckily, after just a few days I found it easier than I’d expected. I knew I was making a(n)____67____. Every evening at the dinner table, I____68____that day’s good deed to Emily. Emily began copying what I’d started. On a walk home from school, she marched over toa neighbor’s pot of geraniums(天竺葵)，which had toppled(摇晃)in the wind，and set it____69____．“That was my good deed for the day!” she yelled. Another day, she helped me collect____70____from our neighbors for the food bank. We____71____off the food and, as we drove away, Emily announced____72____that she wanted to work there one day. By the last week, I knew I’d changed. At first, I hadn’t been entirely____73____that I could do a good deed every day. Now it was practically second____74____. I felt a greater responsibility to take action when I saw a need,____75____looking the other way. I felt as though I’d awakened, somehow. 61. A. energy B. space C. wisdom D. salary 62. A. stopped B. started C. forgot D. remembered 63. A. donation B. expectation C. celebration D. inspiration 64. A. get B. manage C. put D. appreciate 65. A. poor B. rude C. blind D. young 66. A. interest B. mercy C. awareness D. praise 67. A. discovery B. difference C. mistake D. fortune 68. A. reminded B. pointed C. recalled D. described 69. A. right B. away C. high D. aside 70. A. money B. vegetables C. donations D. clothes 71. A. threw B. took C. went D. dropped 72. A. proudly B. eagerly C. anxiously D. casually 73. A. concerned B. convinced C. expected D. persuaded 74. A. scene B. language C. nature D. skill 75. A. by means of B. regardless of C. as well as D. instead of 第Ⅱ卷 第二节：（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For decades, school education ___76___ (lay) too much emphasis on the score one gets in exams and ignored other aspects of children's ___77___ (person) development such as physical education and basic life skills. Partly as a result of this, many young people are ___78___ (able) to cook a simple meal, can't manage their time or their finances well, and don't know how to do the laundry or basic housekeeping. In a recently ___79___ (announce) plan on compulsory education, the Ministry of Education has separated “practical activities” ___80___ the previous course “comprehensive practice" and made them an independent course. In the coming semester in September, primary and secondary school pupils will find ___81___ new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class hour every week. Some complain that much of pupils' time and energy might ___82___ (occupy),but the fact is ___83___ learning practical skills is an important element in shaping a person's character. Of course, the times have changed. It may seem unrealistic and unnecessary to require every young person ___84___ (learn) such things when they can get most things done by clicking on an app. But learning how to cook two or three ___85___ (dish) and designing a nutritious recipe, for instance, are skills that cultivate children's independence and foster a good work spirit. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 24级开学考试 英语试题 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）+词汇（40分） 第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On a train. B. At a museum. C. At a ticket office. 2. How was the weather probably on the wedding morning? A. Windy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. 3. What is Lucy probably doing? A. Eating biscuits. B. Looking for some food. C. Doing some shopping. 4. What do we know about the woman? A. She gave the school some cash. B. She wrote the teacher a check. C. She didn't have money with her yesterday. 5. What does the woman mean? A. The boy's dog ate his papers. B. The boy didn't do his homework. C. The boy's homework ended up in the garbage. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why did the woman sell the car? A. She needed money to spend. B. She had problems with the car. C. She wanted to use public transportation instead. 7. Why does the woman take the plane to see her parents? A. There are always open seats on a plane. B. It would cause less pollution. C. She can save time traveling. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does the woman do her grocery shopping online? A. There's no market near her place. B. She often gets off work late. C. It saves a lot of time. 9. When does the woman usually place her order? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. 10. What's the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Shop owner and customer. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The two sides of technology. B. The impact of technology on students. C. The technological advancements in teaching. 12. How soon will the woman retire? A. In fifteen years. B. In ten years. C. In five years. 13. What is the key to education according to the speakers? A. The use of high technology. B. The improvement of students' abilities. C. The application of various teaching methods. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What is the man doing? A. Conducting an interview. B. Sharing a volunteer experience. C. Calling for animal protection actions. 15. What was the most important thing the woman brought? A. Life jackets. B. Medicine. C. Boots. 16. How did the woman help the affected people? A. She left them some supplies. B. She took them out of the area. C. She asked others to help care for them. 17. What was the most difficult part of the woman's experience? A. Finding some animal experts. B. Managing the wounded animals. C. Transporting the animals to a safe place. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the talk mainly about? A. The importance of water protection. B. The cause of water pollution. C. A smart water safety system. 19. Why is this sea animal selected for the task? A. It helps find the source of pollution. B. It responds rapidly to water pollution. C. It's mostly unaffected by water pollution. 20. What will happen if four of the sea animals close at the same time? A. People will be warned of danger. B. The water system will close down. C. The sea animals will be cleared up. 二、中英检测。（20分） 汉译英 1. ______ n.（银行等的）贷款 2. ______ adj. 成熟的，明白事理的 3. ______ adj. 适合的 4. ______ v. 赞成，同意 5. ______ n. 证据 6. ______ n. 结论 7. ______ n. 后果 8. ______ n. 安全 9. ______ n. 截止时间；最后期限 10. ______ v. 投资 【答案】1. loan 2. mature 3. appropriate 4. approve 5. evidence 6. conclusion 7. consequence 8. security 9. deadline 10. invest 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查名词。表示“（银行等的）贷款”用loan。故翻译为：loan。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。表示“成熟的，明白事理的”用mature。故翻译为：mature。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。表示“适合的”用appropriate。故翻译为：appropriate。 【4题详解】 考查动词。表示“赞成，同意”用approve。故翻译为：approve。 【5题详解】 考查名词。表示“证据”用evidence。故翻译为：evidence。 【6题详解】 考查名词。表示“结论”用conclusion。故翻译为：conclusion。 【7题详解】 考查名词。表示“后果”用consequence。故翻译为：consequence。 【8题详解】 考查名词。表示“安全”用security。故翻译为：security。 【9题详解】 考查名词。表示“截止时间；最后期限”用deadline。故翻译为：deadline。 【10题详解】 考查动词。表示“投资”用invest。故翻译为：invest。 汉译英 11. ________ n. 地区，区域 12. ________ adj. 有机的；绿色的 13. ________ n. 改进；改革 14. ________ n. 手势，姿势 15. ________ n. 专家 16. ________ n. 诊所；门诊部 17. ________ adj. 双胞胎的 18. ________ n. 大混乱；紊乱 19. ________ n. 病毒 20. ________ n. 垃圾 21. ________ n. 燃料 【答案】11. region 12. organic 13. reform 14. gesture 15. specialist 16. clinic 17. twin 18. chaos 19. virus 20. rubbish 21. fuel 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查名词。表示“地区，区域”用region，词性为名词。故翻译为：region。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。表示“有机的；绿色的”用organic，词性为形容词。故翻译为：organic。 【13题详解】 考查名词。表示“改进；改革”用reform，词性为名词。故翻译为：reform。 【14题详解】 考查名词。表示“手势，姿势”用gesture，词性为名词。故翻译为：gesture。 【15题详解】 考查名词。表示“专家”用specialist，词性为名词。故翻译为：specialist。 【16题详解】 考查名词。表示“诊所；门诊部”用clinic，词性为名词。故翻译为：clinic。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。表示“双胞胎的”用twin，词性为形容词。故翻译为：twin。 【18题详解】 考查名词。表示“大混乱；紊乱”chaos，词性为名词。故翻译为：chaos。 【19题详解】 考查名词。表示“病毒”用virus，词性为名词。故翻译为：virus。 【20题详解】 考查名词。表示“垃圾”用rubbish，词性为名词。故翻译为：rubbish。 【21题详解】 考查名词。表示“燃料”用fuel，词性为名词。故翻译为：fuel。 三、单句语法填空。（20分） 22. The early life of the green sea turtle is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to ______ (adult). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】adulthood 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：绿海龟的早期生活充满了危险。在1000只海龟宝宝中，只有一只能够存活到成年。此处作介词to的宾语，应用名词adulthood，表示“成年期”。故填adulthood。 23. Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that ______ (instant) cooled me off. 【答案】instantly 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：我上气不接下气地打开了门，一阵冷风吹来，立即使我凉快下来。设空处使用副词修饰动词cooled。故填instantly。 24. ______ (tempt) by his description, I felt an irresistible (不可抗拒的)urge to have a look at the breathtaking view. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Tempted 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受他描述的诱惑，我有不可抗拒的冲动想要去看一看那令人叹为观止的景色。句中felt为谓语动词，tempt在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Tempted。 25. As a result of our unhealthy eating habits, we suffer from poor ______ (digest) and an increased risk of gut (肠道)disease. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】digestion 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于我们不健康的饮食习惯，我们的消化功能很差，患肠道疾病的风险也增加。根据上文形容词poor修饰名词可知，应填名词digestion，作宾语，表示“消化”。故填digestion。 26. I would appreciate it if you could turn down the radio as I’m ______ (occupy) in reviewing my lesson plans. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】occupied 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你能把收音机调低音量，我将不胜感激，因为我正忙着复习教案。此处作表语，表示“正忙于做某事”短语为be occupied in doing sth.，应用形容词occupied，作表语。故填occupied。 27. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground which got ______ (dust) on windy days and muddy on rainy days. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】dusty 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在教室前面，有一个操场，在刮风的日子尘土飞扬，在下雨的日子泥泞不堪。空格处应填形容词作表语，dust的形容词形式为dusty。故填dusty。 28. He said the task of ______ (reconstruct) would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】reconstruction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他说，重建工作需要极大的耐心、辛勤的工作和牺牲。空格处作介词of的宾语可知，应填名词reconstruction，表示“重建”，不可数。故填reconstruction。 29. Returning home after a year in hospital was an ______ (emotion) moment for Katy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】emotional 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在医院住了一年后回到家，对凯蒂来说是一个激动人心时刻。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“moment”，emotion是名词，意为“情感；情绪”，其对应的形容词emotional意为“情感上的；激动人心的”，符合句意。故填emotional。 30. The ______ (adapt) of the writer’s bestselling novel is coming to the small screen this holiday season. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】adaptation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位作家最畅销的小说的改编作品将于本假期季节登上小银幕。此处作主语，结合句意表示“改编作品”可知，应用名词adaptation，其为可数名词，在句中作主语，根据后文的is可知，此处应用单数形式。故填adaptation。 31. Confucius was a great ______ (educate), and he had many great ideas about education. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】educator 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：孔子是一位伟大的教育家，他对教育有许多伟大的想法。此处应用名词作表语，结合所给单词可知educator意为“教育家”符合题意，且为可数名词，由a可知，应用单数形式。故填educator。 32. At the graduation ceremony, I bowed low to our ______ (dedicate) English teacher to thank her for her guidance and encouragement. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dedicated 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在毕业典礼上，我向我们敬业的英语老师深深鞠躬，感谢她的指导和鼓励。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“English teacher”，所给词“dedicate”是动词，意为“致力于；奉献”，其对应的形容词“dedicated”意为“敬业的；献身的”，符合句意。故填dedicated。 33. In Healing Gardens, patients can go to be near nature during their ______ (recover). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】recovery 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：在治愈花园中，病人可以在康复过程中接近自然。形容词性物主代词修饰名称，recover的名词为recovery意为“恢复”，此处用作不可数名词，作宾语。故填recovery。 34. They had received no news of him since his departure ______ the small island. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】from 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：自从他离开小岛后，他们就没有收到过他的消息。结合句意表示“从……离开”可知，短语为departure from。故填from。 35. Finally, the moment of our ______ (depart) arrived, and we loaded our cases into the car and bravely drove off. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】departure 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：最后，我们出发的时刻到了，我们把行李箱搬进了车里，勇敢地驱车离去。空处应填名词departure，作of的宾语，表示“出发”。departure为不可数名词。故填departure。 36. The ______ (decrease) number of wild tigers has caused concern among conservationists. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】decreasing 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：野生老虎数量的减少已经引起了自然保护者的关注。此处修饰名词number，应用形容词decreasing“逐渐减少的”，作定语。故填decreasing。 37. If you have any further requirements, please don’t hesitate ______ (contact) us at any time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to contact 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果您有任何进一步的要求，请随时联系我们，不必犹豫。contact为动词，意为“联系”，根据“hesitate to do sth.”意为“犹豫做某事”可知，此处应用动词不定式形式作宾语。故填to contact。 38. The five young men ______ (arrest) by the police last week are being questioned in connection with one of the attacks. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】arrested 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周被警方逮捕的五名年轻人正在就其中一起袭击事件接受讯问。本句已有谓语are being questioned，动词arrest“逮捕”用非谓语形式，逻辑主语The five young men与动词arrest是动宾关系，用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰名词The five young men。故填arrested。 39. His mix of talent, ambition, energy, and luck made Dickens one of the world’s best-known and most ______ (distinguish) writers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】distinguished 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：狄更斯集才华、抱负、精力和运气于一身，使他成为世界上最知名、最杰出的作家之一。此处需要一个形容词与“best-known”并列，修饰名词“writers”。所给词“distinguish”是动词，意为“区分；使杰出”，其对应的形容词“distinguished”意为“杰出的；著名的”，符合句意。故填distinguished。 40. Upon hearing what he said, my first ______ (react) was not to trust even one word. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reaction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到他说的话，我的第一反应是一个字都不信。此处“my first”后需接名词作句子的主语，所给词“react”是动词，意为“反应”，其对应的名词形式是“reaction”，结合谓语动词was可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填reaction。 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Typing.com is an online typing tutor for students of all ages. Typing.com’s proven curriculum helps students from beginners to advanced learners, focusing on technique, accuracy, and speed. The following are some frequently asked questions about typing on our website. How long does it take to type without looking at the keyboard? An average student without learning differences will learn to touch type within eight to ten hours. They may be touch typing at a very slow speed (8-15 words per minute). Is it bad to look at the keyboard when typing? Yes. Not only does it prevent you from practicing your fingering, but it also slows you down and makes you type less accurately. It's far more difficult to notice mistakes when you're not looking at the screen. How do you get faster at typing? The most important technique to learn to type faster is touch typing. This is a technique based on developing muscle memory for your fingers. How can I learn to type correctly? Focus on accuracy rather than speed. Use the entire keyboard correctly. Learn some keyboard shortcuts. Practice every day. How do I increase my typing speed? Arrange your fingers properly. The most important step in improving your typing speed is ensuring that you place your fingers correctly on the keyboard. Rest the index finger (食指) of your left hand on the “F” key and the index finger of your right hand on the “J” key. Is typing.com free? Typing.com is a free online typing tutor and digital literacy (读写能力) platform used by millions of students and education professionals around the world. We aim to provide valuable learning tools to as many school teachers and students as possible. 41. What do we know about typing.com? A. It charges very little. B. It is suitable for every student. C. It helps to improve writing skills. D. It can automatically correct typing errors. 42. Who might be interested in Typing.com? A. Managers. B. Salesmen. C. Athletes. D. Teachers. 43. What is the purpose of the text? A. To promote a typing website. B. To share typing experience. C. To correct typing mistakes. D. To teach typing skills. 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Typing. com是一个面向所有年龄段学生的在线打字辅导网站，并回答了一些网站上关于打字的一些常见问题。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Typing. com is an online typing tutor for students of all ages.(Typing. com是一个面向所有年龄段学生的在线打字辅导网站)”可知，Typing. com这个网站适合每个学生。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Typing. com is a free online typing tutor and digital literacy(读写能力)platform used by millions of students and education professionals around the world.(Typing. com是一个免费的在线打字导师和数字扫盲平台，被全球数百万学生和教育专业人士使用。)”可知，老师可能会对这个网站感兴趣。故选D项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Typing. com是一个面向所有年龄段学生的在线打字辅导网站，并回答了一些网站上关于打字的一些常见问题。再根据文章最后一段中“We aim to provide valuable learning tools to as many school teachers and students as possible.(我们的目标是为尽可能多的学校教师和学生提供有价值的学习工具。)”可知，本文的主要目的是为了推广这个打字网站。故选A项。 B Mary Dickins had been a member of the audience at poetry nights before and knew “the poetry clap”. She made a polite tapping of fingers. But when she made her debut (首次演出) as a performer at the age of 62 at the legendary Bang Said the Gun night in south London, she said, “It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.” The audience stamped their feet and shook shakers. “It felt transformative. I thought, ‘I’ve got to have more of this,’ ” Dickins said. Becoming a performance poet has given her a place on a stage of her own making. All her life she has written is mostly without being seen or heard. Her mother died when she was nine, and, after she went into a care home at 13, Dickins’ writing stayed in notebooks. Really, she says, a lot of her adult life has been about getting over childhood shyness. At university — she studied education — she met her husband of 40 years, but in three years of seminars she did not say a word. Some of these results from her years at the children’s home. She says, “It gave me a sense of what it’s like to be excluded. I never fitted in anywhere.” After she graduated, she discovered that she loved working with people with learning disabilities. She became an expert in inclusive education. “That was my niche (称心的职业),” she says. She published books and returned to the University of North London as a senior lecturer in early childhood studies. Dickins now sees that in adulthood she has been giving herself permission to be silly. “The sillier I allow myself to be, the better the writing is,” she says. Her observations are humorous. “Putting things into words and giving shape to your emotions is an important part of coming to terms with the things that happen in life,” she says. Does she still feel like an outsider? “I think I’ve made it into a virtue. I celebrate the fact that I don’t fit into a box. Finally! You have to wait till you’re 62 to feel confident!” she says. “But I have a sense of who I am and I’m proud of it. I wouldn’t be anyone else now — and it took me a long time to say that.” 44. How did Dickins feel about her debut? A. Nervous. B. Anxious. C. Encouraged. D. Relieved. 45. Why was Dickins lacking in a sense of belonging? A. Her early stay at the care home. B. Her inexperienced writing skills. C. Her struggle with her university studies. D. Her poor relationship with her husband. 46. How does writing benefit Dickins? A. It helps her land a good job. B. It develops her sense of humor. C. It makes her overcome her learning disabilities. D. It enables her to get on well with her life. 47. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Mary Dickins’ First Performance B. Mary Dickins’ New Start after 60 C. Mary Dickins’ Troubled Writing Career D. Mary Dickins’ Influence on Performance Poets 【答案】44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mary Dickins在60岁以后成为一名表演诗人并由此重获新生的故事。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“But when she made her debut (首次演出) as a performer at the age of 62 at the legendary Bang Said the Gun night in south London, she said, “It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.”(但当她62岁时在伦敦南部传奇的“枪炮之夜”上首次以表演者的身份亮相时，她说：“这太疯狂了，我以前从未见过。”)”以及““It felt transformative. I thought, ‘I’ve got to have more of this,’ ” Dickins said. Becoming a performance poet has given her a place on a stage of her own making.(“我觉得这是一种变革。我想，‘我得多点这样的表演，’” Dickins说。成为一名表演诗人让她在自己创造的舞台上占据了一席之地)”可知，Dickins首次作为表演者登台时观众的反应很疯狂，这种体验是她从未经历过的，但她很喜欢，成为表演诗人让Dickins在舞台上有了自己的一席之地。由此推知，当Dickins第一次上台表演诗歌后，观众的反应使她大受鼓舞。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“At university — she studied education — she met her husband of 40 years, but in three years of seminars she did not say a word. Some of these results from her years at the children’s home. She says, “It gave me a sense of what it’s like to be excluded. I never fitted in anywhere.”(在大学里，她学习教育，遇到了相恋40年的丈夫，但在三年的研讨会上，她一句话也没说。其中一些是她在儿童之家工作多年的结果。她说：“这让我明白了被排斥的感觉。我从来没有融入过任何地方。”)”可知，Dickins在儿童之家生活多年的经历让她觉得自己被排斥在外，在任何地方都格格不入，很没有归属感。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Putting things into words and giving shape to your emotions is an important part of coming to terms with the things that happen in life,” she says.(她说：“把事情用语言表达出来，塑造你的情绪，是接受生活中发生的事情的重要组成部分。”)”可推知，写作使她更好地接纳生活中发生的一切，让她与自己的生活讲和。故选D。 【47题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But when she made her debut (首次演出) as a performer at the age of 62 at the legendary Bang Said the Gun night in south London, she said, “It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.”(但当她62岁时在伦敦南部传奇的“枪炮之夜”上首次以表演者的身份亮相时，她说：“这太疯狂了，我以前从未见过。”)”是对Dickins在62岁时首次登台演出的描写，以及最后一段“Finally! You have to wait till you’re 62 to feel confident!” she says. “But I have a sense of who I am and I’m proud of it. I wouldn’t be anyone else now — and it took me a long time to say that.”(最后你必须等到62岁才有自信！”她说。“但我知道自己是谁，我为此感到骄傲。我现在不会成为其他人了——我花了很长时间才这么说。”)”她提到自己通过写作和表演克服害羞、找到自信可知，本文主要讲述了Mary Dickins在60岁以后成为一名表演诗人并由此重获新生的故事。由此可知，A项“Mary Dickins在60岁后的新开始”为最佳标题。故选B。 C As AI art generators (生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products. Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize? 48. What does the underlined word "flaws" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Benefits. B. Advances. C. Weaknesses. D. Standards. 49. How is AI art different from human art? A. It is the product of experience. B. It costs less money to produce. C. It combines different styles of work. D. It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. 50. Why does the writer mention Mona Lisa in the third paragraph? A To prove the popularity of classic artworks. B. To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. C. To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. D. To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. 51. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. B. AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. C. Artists can create more works with the help of AI. D. There will be fierce competition in the art industry. 【答案】48. C 49. D 50. B 51. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨AI艺术生成器引发的争议，包括AI作品是否算艺术、与人类艺术的差异及版权、价值等相关问题。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed flaws to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce. (这项技术仍在发展中，还有一些问题需要解决，这意味着除了优秀人工智能能创作出的出色作品外，确实还有一些flaws需要考虑)”可知，这项技术有一些问题需要解决。由此可知，此处指的是技术存在一些缺陷，所以划线单词“flaws”与“缺陷、不足”意义相近。故选C项。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself. (不同之处在于，人工智能是由指令驱动的，而非表达自我的情感渴望)”可知，人工智能艺术与人类艺术的不同之处是人工智能艺术不是人类情绪的反映。故选D项。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be? (AI绘画工具每按一次键盘上的回车键，就能生成超过1000幅原创艺术作品。但一幅批量生产的《蒙娜丽莎》复制品，其价值远低于达·芬奇的原作。为什么？因为稀缺性——原作只有一幅。那么人们应该为AI作品付费吗？如果艺术家将AI杰作拿去出售，定价又该如何确定？)”可知，作者提及《蒙娜丽莎》是为了通过原作与复制品的价值差异，引出AI作品因可大量生成、缺乏稀缺性而面临的价值定位难题，即呈现AI艺术在价值方面的潜在问题。故选B项。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“AI art involves a program mimicking (模仿) the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright (版权) violation? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry (AI艺术是程序根据人类需求，模仿现有艺术家的作品来创作新作品。但作品的创作者是谁？是机器还是使用者？原作者是否可以起诉其侵犯版权？这些问题使人工智能与艺术行业的融合变得复杂)”可知，AI艺术引发了“创作者归属”以及“是否侵犯原作者版权”等问题，这使得版权问题变得更加复杂。故选B项。 D Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen whales, such as humpback and Rice’s whales, have two. Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species, they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory (嗅觉) bulb (球状物) — the part of the brain that processes smell — is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dim-ethyl sulphide (二甲硫), which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr. Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale (北大西洋露脊鲸), have nostrils that are farther apart than those, such as humpback whales (座头鲸), that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 52. What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A. They are developed merely for smell. B. They are adapted ones. C. They are not easy to detect. D. They are not fixed universally in numbers. 53. What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A. The smell that phytoplankton send. B. The teeth that baleen whales have. C. The sound waves that zooplankton create. D. The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 54. How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4? A. By quoting a theory. B. By making a contrast. C. By using examples. D. By making inferences. 55. What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A. The ability to give off smells. B. The possibility to attract food. C. The ability to communicate. D. The ability to locate food. 【答案】52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍鲸鱼鼻孔的进化特点，分析须鲸双鼻孔的作用，尤其是其与嗅觉、定位食物的关联及不同须鲸鼻孔间距差异的原因。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. (很少有人知道，喷水孔是鼻孔经过进化略微改造后的形态，对于终生生活在海洋中的哺乳动物来说更有用。)”可知，鲸鱼的鼻孔是经过进化适应海洋生活的改造形态，即“它们是适应后的形态”。故选B项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dim-ethyl sulphide (二甲硫), which in turn attracts baleen whales. (浮游动物喜欢吃另一种叫做浮游植物的微小生物。当浮游植物受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，这种气体反过来会吸引须鲸。)”可知，须鲸捕猎浮游动物时，浮游植物释放的气味（二甲硫气体）起到了吸引作用，由此可知，浮游植物发出的气味在其中发挥作用。故选A项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. (大多数动物都有立体感知能力。例如，两只眼睛能让动物比较两只眼睛看到的图像，从而感知深度。两只耳朵能让它们确定声音来自哪个方向。)”可知，作者通过“两只眼睛感知深度”和“两只耳朵定位声音方向”这两个例子，解释了“立体感知能力”的概念，由此可知，第四段是通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选C项。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale (北大西洋露脊鲸), have nostrils that are farther apart than those, such as humpback whales (座头鲸), that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. (果然，像北大西洋露脊鲸这类常以浮游动物为食的须鲸，其鼻孔间距比座头鲸这类偶尔捕食浮游动物的须鲸更大。除了用于呼吸，似乎部分鲸类还会借助喷水孔来判断猎物所在的方向。)”可知，鲸鱼鼻孔的位置（间距）与确定食物方向的能力相关。故选D项。 第二节：（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 During your teenage years, your body goes through many changes, and you may or may not like how your body develops. You start forming an image of your body. ___56___ You can develop either a positive or negative body image, depending on your mindset. One of the major contributors of a negative body image is peer pressure. Even if you do not think you are being bullied by your group of friends, you may be laughed at casually about your appearance or you may simply notice that they seem more “perfect” than you. This can have a negative impact on your body image. ___57___ Often, an ideal body type is promoted heavily on social networks. Culture may also have a negative impact on one’s body image. If your culture values a particular body image, then that would make you unhappy if you don’t match it. A negative body image increases the risk of unhealthy behaviors like extreme dieting, overeating, over exercising, isolation, and risky surgeries. It also lowers life satisfaction and can lead to unhappiness. ___58___ To have a more positive body image, first accept that we are all unique individuals. Imagine if everyone looked the same, the world would be a boring place. ___59___ Beauty standards keep changing all the time. What’s more, models and celebrities you see in the media may look “perfect” for the era, but, in fact, much of it is due to makeup, angles and lighting and Photoshop! ___60___ Avoid commenting on others’ looks, and you will stop criticizing yourself too. If you have peers who constantly comment about your appearance, it might be time to re-evaluate the company you keep. Remember, your body image is simply YOUR perception (感知) of your body. This means YOU have the power to change this, even if you do not have the ability to change the perception of others. A. Your body image is influenced by many factors. B. Another major factor is what is shown in the media. C. It is simply how you see, think and feel about yourself. D. More importantly, there is no such thing as a perfect body. E. In general, the key to a positive body image is self-acceptance. F. Also, instead of focusing on appearances, learn to value people for who they really are. G. Over focusing on appearance can stop you from appreciating your other positive qualities. 【答案】56. C 57. B 58. E 59. D 60. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是身体形象以及应该如何正确看待身体形象。 【56题详解】 根据上文“During your teenage years, your body goes through many changes, and you may or may not like how your body develops. You start forming an image of your body.(在青少年时期，你的身体会经历很多变化，你可能喜欢也可能不喜欢你身体的发育方式。你开始形成自己身体的形象)”可知，本句承接上文，解释什么是身体形象。故C选项“简单地说，就是你如何看待、思考和感受自己”符合语境，故选C。 【57题详解】 根据上文“One of the major contributors of a negative body image is peer pressure. Even if you do not think you are being bullied by your group of friends, you may be laughed at casually about your appearance or you may simply notice that they seem more “perfect” than you. This can have a negative impact on your body image.(负面身体形象的主要原因之一是同伴压力。即使你认为你没有被你的一群朋友欺负，你可能会随意被嘲笑你的外表，或者你可能只是注意到他们看起来比你更“完美”。这会对你的身体形象产生负面影响)”以及后文“Often, an ideal body type is promoted heavily on social networks.(通常，理想的体型在社交网络上被大力宣传)”可知，后文主要说明了社交网络导致了负面身体形象，B选项中media对应后文social networks。故B选项“另一个主要因素是媒体所展示的内容”符合语境，故选B。 【58题详解】 根据上文“A negative body image increases the risk of unhealthy behaviors like extreme dieting, overeating, over exercising, isolation, and risky surgeries. It also lowers life satisfaction and can lead to unhappiness.(负面的身体形象会增加不健康行为的风险，比如极端节食、暴饮暴食、过度锻炼、孤立和危险的手术。它还会降低生活满意度，导致不快乐)”以及下一段“To have a more positive body image, first accept that we are all unique individuals.(要有一个更积极的身体形象，首先要接受我们都是独特的个体)”可知，上文主要说明了负面身体形象导致的负面影响，下一段提出了如何拥有积极的身体形象，故E选项“总的来说，积极的身体形象的关键是自我接纳”符合语境，故选E。 【59题详解】 根据上文“To have a more positive body image, first accept that we are all unique individuals. Imagine if everyone looked the same, the world would be a boring place.(要有一个更积极的身体形象，首先要接受我们都是独特的个体。想象一下，如果每个人看起来都一样，这个世界将是一个无聊的地方)”以及后文“Beauty standards keep changing all the time. What’s more, models and celebrities you see in the media may look “perfect” for the era, but, in fact, much of it is due to makeup, angles and lighting and Photoshop!(审美标准一直在变化。更重要的是，你在媒体上看到的模特和名人可能看起来“完美”，但事实上，这很大程度上是由于化妆、角度、灯光和PS！)”可知，上文指出每个人看起来一样世界将会变得无聊，后文指出审美标准一直在变化，说明没有完全完美的身体，因为审美标准一直在变化。故D选项“更重要的是，没有完美的身材”符合语境，故选D。 【60题详解】 根据后文“Avoid commenting on others’ looks, and you will stop criticizing yourself too. If you have peers who constantly comment about your appearance, it might be time to re-evaluate the company you keep.(避免评论别人的长相，你也会停止批评自己。如果你的同龄人经常评论你的外表，也许是时候重新评估一下你的伙伴了)”可知，本段主要说明了不应该评论别人的长相，即不要只关注外表，故F选项“另外，不要只关注外表，要学会珍视人们的内在”符合语境，故选F。 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It’s a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy to contribute to our communities. For a long time, I, too, believed it cost too much in time, money and____61____to make a real difference. But all that changed when I____62____my good-deed-a-day project. My daughter, Emily, was my primary____63____. I wanted to show her we could do little things to help others, and be happy. The first week, I wasn’t sure if I could ____64____it. I surfed the Internet for ideas. One day, I guided a____65____man in the subway station. He smiled as he thanked me. Another day, I brought flowers from my garden to a local nursing home. .. I could only hope I was arousing ____66____ in others. Luckily, after just a few days I found it easier than I’d expected. I knew I was making a(n)____67____. Every evening at the dinner table, I____68____that day’s good deed to Emily. Emily began copying what I’d started. On a walk home from school, she marched over toa neighbor’s pot of geraniums(天竺葵)，which had toppled(摇晃)in the wind，and set it____69____．“That was my good deed for the day!” she yelled. Another day, she helped me collect____70____from our neighbors for the food bank. We____71____off the food and, as we drove away, Emily announced____72____that she wanted to work there one day. By the last week, I knew I’d changed. At first, I hadn’t been entirely____73____that I could do a good deed every day. Now it was practically second____74____. I felt a greater responsibility to take action when I saw a need,____75____looking the other way. I felt as though I’d awakened, somehow. 61. A. energy B. space C. wisdom D. salary 62. A. stopped B. started C. forgot D. remembered 63. A. donation B. expectation C. celebration D. inspiration 64. A. get B. manage C. put D. appreciate 65. A. poor B. rude C. blind D. young 66. A. interest B. mercy C. awareness D. praise 67. A. discovery B. difference C. mistake D. fortune 68. A. reminded B. pointed C. recalled D. described 69. A. right B. away C. high D. aside 70. A. money B. vegetables C. donations D. clothes 71. A. threw B. took C. went D. dropped 72. A. proudly B. eagerly C. anxiously D. casually 73. A. concerned B. convinced C. expected D. persuaded 74. A. scene B. language C. nature D. skill 75. A. by means of B. regardless of C. as well as D. instead of 【答案】61. A 62. B 63. D 64. B 65. C 66. C 67. B 68. D 69. A 70. C 71. D 72. A 73. B 74. C 75. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者之前一直认为自己太忙，导致无法花费太多的时间、金钱和精力为社区作出贡献。但是后来通过“日行一善”的计划，作者和女儿帮助了别人，也改变了自己的想法。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在很长一段时间里我也认为产生巨大影响需要花费太多的时间、金钱和精力。A. energy精力；B. space空间；C. wisdom智慧；D. salary薪水。根据上文“It’s a sad reality that many of us find ourselves just too busy to contribute to our communities.”以及“it cost too much in time, money and”可知，此处表示花费太多的时间、金钱和精力。故选A。 【62题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我开始我的“日行一善”计划时，一切都改变了。A. stopped停止；B. started开始；C. forgot忘记；D. remembered记得。根据上文“For a long time, I, too, believed it cost too much in time, money and____1____to make a real difference. But all that changed”可知，此处表示作者开始“日行一善”计划后，一切都改变了。故选B。 【63题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的女儿艾米丽是我最初的灵感来源。A．donation捐赠；B. expectation期待；C. celebration 庆祝；D. inspiration灵感。根据下文“I wanted to show her we could do little things to help others, and be happy.”可知，此处表示女儿是作者“日行一善”计划的灵感来源。故选D。 【64题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一周我并不确定我是否能够做到。A. get得到；B. manage设法做成；C. put放；D. appreciate感激。根据上文“The first week, I wasn’t sure”以及下文“I surfed the Internet for ideas.”可知，作者不确定自己能否能够做到这一计划。故选B。 【65题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，我在地铁站给一个盲人领路。A. poor穷的；B. rude粗鲁的；C. blind盲的；D. young年轻的。根据语境以及常识可知，盲人才会需要他人领路，此处表示作者给盲人领路。故选C。 【66题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只希望我能唤起别人的意识。A. interest兴趣；B. mercy怜悯；C. awareness意识；D. praise赞赏。根据上文“I surfed the Internet for ideas. One day, I guided a____5____man in the subway station. He smiled as he thanked me. Another day, I brought flowers from my garden to a local nursing home”可知，作者每天都在做好事，同时希望自己的举动能够唤醒他人去做善事的意识。故选C。 【67题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我正在产生影响。A．discovery发现；B. difference不同；C. mistake错误；D. fortune运气。根据上文“Luckily, after just a few days I found it easier than I’d expected.”可知，此处表示作者意识到自己在产生影响，make a difference表示“有影响，起作用”。故选B。 【68题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上在饭桌上，我都会向艾米丽描述那天的善行。A. reminded使想起；B. pointed指出；C. recalled回忆；D. described描述。根据下文“that day’s good deed to Emily. Emily began copying what I’d started. ”可知，作者向女儿描述自己的善行，所以女儿开始模仿。故选D。 【69题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放学回家的路上，女儿走到邻居家的一盆被风刮倒了的天竺葵前，摆正了它。A. right恰当地；B. away远离；C. high高高地；D. aside旁边。根据上文“she marched over to a neighbor’s pot of geraniums, which had toppled in the wind,”以及下文““That was my good deed for the day!” she yelled.”可知，此处表示女儿做了好事，扶正了被风刮倒了的天竺葵，set it right表示“摆正它”，符合语境。故选A。 70题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一天，她帮我从邻居那里为食品银行募集捐赠。A. money金钱；B. vegetables蔬菜；C. donations捐赠；D. clothes衣服。根据下文“from our neighbors for the food bank.”可知，此处表示女儿帮作者为食品银行募集捐赠物。故选C。 【71题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们放下食物开车离开时，艾米丽骄傲地宣布，她希望有一天能在那里工作。A. threw扔；B. took拿走；C. went走；D. dropped使落下。根据上文“she helped me collect____10____from our neighbors for the food bank.”可知，此处表示作者和女儿放下食物，开车离开，dropped off表示“放下，卸下”。故选D。 【72题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们放下食物开车离开时，艾米丽骄傲地宣布，她希望有一天能在那里工作。A. proudly自豪地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. anxiously焦虑地；D. casually随机地。根据下文“she wanted to work there one day”可知，此处表示做了好事之后，艾米丽非常自豪，希望有一天能在那里工作。故选A。 【73题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，我并不完全相信我能每天都做一件好事。A. concerned关心；B. convinced使相信；C. expected期待；D. persuaded说服。根据下文“that I could do a good deed every day. Now it was practically second____14____”可知，起初作者不相信自己可以每天做好事。故选B。 【74题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在它几乎成了第二天性。A. scene场景；B. language语言；C. nature天性；D. skill技巧。根据下文“I felt a greater responsibility to take action when I saw a need,”可知，此处表示作者认为做好事几乎成为自己的天性了。故选C。 【75题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我看到需求的时候，我觉得有更大的责任去采取行动，而不是视而不见。A. by means of 通过……方法；B. regardless of不管；C. as well as和；D. instead of而不是。根据下文“looking the other way.”以及语境可知，此处表示当看到有需求时，作者会采取行动而不是视而不见。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷 第二节：（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For decades, school education ___76___ (lay) too much emphasis on the score one gets in exams and ignored other aspects of children's ___77___ (person) development such as physical education and basic life skills. Partly as a result of this, many young people are ___78___ (able) to cook a simple meal, can't manage their time or their finances well, and don't know how to do the laundry or basic housekeeping. In a recently ___79___ (announce) plan on compulsory education, the Ministry of Education has separated “practical activities” ___80___ the previous course “comprehensive practice" and made them an independent course. In the coming semester in September, primary and secondary school pupils will find ___81___ new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class hour every week. Some complain that much of pupils' time and energy might ___82___ (occupy),but the fact is ___83___ learning practical skills is an important element in shaping a person's character. Of course, the times have changed. It may seem unrealistic and unnecessary to require every young person ___84___ (learn) such things when they can get most things done by clicking on an app. But learning how to cook two or three ___85___ (dish) and designing a nutritious recipe, for instance, are skills that cultivate children's independence and foster a good work spirit. 【答案】76. has laid 77. personal 78. unable 79. announced 80. from 81. the 82. be occupied 83 that 84. to learn 85. dishes 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是几十年来，学校教育过于强调考试成绩，而忽视了孩子个人发展的其他方面。为解决该问题教育部在最近公布的义务教育计划中，教育部将“实践活动”与之前的“综合实践”课程分开，成为独立的课程。 【76题详解】 考查动词。句意：几十年来，学校教育过于强调考试成绩，而忽视了孩子个人发展的其他方面，如体育教育和基本生活技能。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写动词作谓语。句中for decades意为“几十年来”，表示的是从过去到现在，为现在完成时的时间标志，句中的school education为单数。故填写has laid。 【77题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处应该填写形容词作定语修饰development。person为名词，意为“个人”，其形容词为personal，意为“个人的”，符合句意。故填personal。 【78题详解】 考查形容词。句意：很多年轻人不能做一顿简单的饭。设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据句意，此处表示的是“不能做某事”。unable意为“不能的”。符合句意。故填unable。 【79题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在最近公布的义务教育计划中，教育部将“实践活动”与之前的“综合实践”课程分开，成为独立的课程。句中的has separated为谓语动词，设空处应该是用非谓语动词。announce为动词，意为“宣布”，和plan之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词表示被动，同时表示完成。announced意为“被宣布的”，符合句意。故填announced 【80题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。句中separate sth from sth为固定搭配，意为“把…从…分离”，from符合句意。故填from。 【81题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在9月份即将到来的新学期，中小学生将会在课程表中发现新的“实践活动”课程。new “practical activities” course 为名词短语，前面需要填写冠词，此处表示特指，故用the。 【82题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：有些人抱怨说，学生的大部分时间和精力可能被占用了，但事实是，学习实用技能是塑造一个人的性格的一个重要因素。occupy为动词，意为“占据，占有”，其和much of pupils' time and energy之间是被动关系，同时该空放于might之后，故应该使用情态动词的被动语态。故填be occupied。 【83题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：同上。设空处置于系动词is之后，引导的是表语从句。that在引导名词性从句的时，在从句中不做成分，无意义，只起到引导作用。故填that。 【84题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当年轻人可以通过点击应用程序完成大部分事情的时候，要求他们学习这些东西似乎是不现实的，也是不必要的。句中的may seem为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。require sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“要求某人去做某事”。填to learn。 【85题详解】 考查名词。句意：但学习如何烹饪两三道菜和设计一个有营养的食谱，是培养孩子的独立性和良好的工作精神的技能。设空处需要填写名词作宾语。dish为可数名词，意为“菜”，根据前文的two or three可知此处应该使用复数。故填dishes。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$