Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures What do think of the grammar? Lead in vocabulary grammar What makes a sentence? The Priest: “Do you, ______, take this man/woman, ______, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse; for richer, for poorer; in sickness or in health, to love and cherish, till death do you part? ” 牧师：“XXX，你是否愿意接受XXX作为你的丈夫/妻子，从今天开始，无论境遇是好是坏，是富足是贫穷，是健康或疾病，你都会陪伴他/她，扶持他/她，爱他/她，珍惜他/她，直到生命的尽头。” The newlywed: “Yes, I do.” 新人：“我愿意。” Lead in Yes, I do. I love you. I will give you a kiss. You make me happy. You are my angel. 如何分析句子成分呢？请分析以下5个简单句的句子成分。 Lead in 中英文对比差异 中文：在星期天的早上我吃了早饭。 相同点：都有句子结构成分，主谓宾状 不同点：句序不一样 英文：I had breakfast on Sunday morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 Lead in Members of a sentence The car runs fast. She is kind. Eight is a lucky number in China. Swimming is my favorite. To see is to believe. What we need is time. 名词 动名词 动词不定式 代词 数词 主语从句 主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。 主语 找出下列句子的主语。 Twenty years is a short time in history. Running is good for our health.      To study hard is your duty.    She likes dancing.    What I want is some apples . 数词 动名词 不定式 代词 主语从句 I talked about my career plan. Tom can play the violin. The food tastes delicious. They are my best friend. He didn’t finish his homework. 实义动词 情态动词+动词原形 系动词-感官动词 系动词-be动词 助动词+动词原形 实义动词 系动词 情态动词+动词原形 助动词+动词原形 谓语 谓语 (V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。 10 及物动词 & 不及物动词 及物动词（vt.） 不及物动词（vi.） 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语） 可直接跟宾语。 有被动语态。 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。 若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 无被动语态。 如play, visit, see, like, take, give 如look, cry, agree, walk, go, happen He visited his grandparents yesterday. Please look at this picture carefully. 11 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当，一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词之后。 1)名词 He lost his parents when he was young. 2)代词(宾语用宾格) I missed him very much. 3)数词 Four people applied for this job, but we only need one. 4)动词不定式短语 I like to read novels when I am free. 5)动名词短语 I haven't finished reading the book yet. 6)名词化的形容词和分词 The government's plan will hurt the poor and the unemployed. 7)名词性的词组或短语 I don't know the girl with a red hat. 8)宾语从句 I knew what you said. 宾语 12 Show me your tickets, please. 请让我看看你的票。 She gave me a gift. 她给我一份礼物。 1 2 双宾语：间接宾语（人）、直接宾语（物） 双宾语 双宾语：有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 接双宾语的动词有： ask、bring、buy、cost、fetch、give、hand、lend、pass、pay、read、return、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、write等。 13 表语 (P-predicative)：用在系动词之后, 说明主语“是什么” “怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。  She is a doctor.  The cloth feels soft.  His favorite sport is running.  Your task is to find out the cost.  The helper is him.  The lucky number in China is eight.  She is in the room. 名词 形容词 动名词 代词 不定式 数词 介词短语 表语 表语：属于主语补足语，语法名词，是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句。 定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。  a nice girl  three cups  something to eat  a sleeping baby  the burnt food  a cat in the room  a shoe shop 形容词 现在分词 名词 不定式 数词 介词短语 过去分词 定语 定语：是用来修饰、限定、说明名词、名词短语或代词的品质与特征的。 状语 (adverbial): 用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等; 一般可由副词或介词短语充当。  walk slowly  very good  quite well  He has lived there for ten years. 状语 练一练 1.I will be back in a minute. 2.They are playing on the playground. 3.He was late because he got up late. 4.I got up so late that I missed the train. 5.He often went to school by bike. 6. Please call me if it is necessary. 7.He went to school in spite of bad weather. 8.To make his dream come true, Tom works harder. 找出句中的状语，并说明其充当的是什么状语。 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 结果状语 方式状语 条件状语 让步状语 目的状语 宾语补足语 (Object complement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。  She encouraged her students to study hard.  He gets the floor clean.  He saw a bird flying over his head.  She thinks him a good teacher. 补语 系动词 (linking verb): 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, sound等)。  I am happy.  The day turns long.  He gets angry.  He seems ill. 系动词 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 同位语：是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，与前者指代同一事物，只是加以说明，为同位关系。 1 2 注意：同位语只有主语和宾语才有，可以由名词、代词以及从句充当。并且同位语一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后，充当的语法成分与前面的词一致。 同位语 20 Study the sentence structures Study the sentence structures Structure Sentence SV All of us laughed! SVO I miss my grandma. SP The teacher was kind and friendly. S V IO DO He told us a funny story. SVOC I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. SVA He talked too much. SVOA I had my first maths class at senior high school. There be … There’s a lot to explore at senior high. 主语＋谓语(S＋V) 这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语),其后不能直接跟宾语,也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词(短语)有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、 All of us lsughed! The sun is rising. The little boy is crying. 23 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O) (1)这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语),一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。 I miss my grandma. David won a medal for his great courage. 注：在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中,宾语只能放在介词之后;在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中,作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可;代词只能放在副词之前。 Please wake Li Ling up (＝wake up Li Ling) at 6:30 in the morning.(　√　) Please wake her up at 6:30 in the morning.(　√　) Please wake up her at 6:30 in the morning.(　×　) √ √ × 24 主语(＋系动词)＋表语(S＋P) 这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词,无被动语态,也无进行时态。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。 The teacher was kind and friendly. She looked a littled annoyed. He become an English teacher. 25 常见系动词口诀 am is are look feel smell taste sound seem appear become turn get grow go keep stay remain 表语：放在系动词后；表述主语的身份、特征和状态 口诀也可更换为：[五感五变三保持两个似乎一个be.】 大家自行选择哦。 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) 此句型中必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to 或for。 Mr Smith gave me some advice.= Mr Smith gave some advice to me. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 I showed him my picture. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 He bought his son a bicycle.= He bought a bicycle for his son. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 双宾 = 间接宾语（多指人）+直接宾语（多指物) 27 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C) 此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。 We call him a living dictionary. 主 谓 宾 宾补 You will find my suggestions very useful. 主 谓 宾 宾补 Our English teacher always encourages us to work hard. 主 谓 宾 宾补 We saw them getting on the bus. 主 谓 宾 宾补 28 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C) 该句式常用于三类动词: ①使役动词: keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等 ②感官动词: see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell 等 ③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade/ ... sb to do sth等。 用作宾语补足语的可以是：形容词、介词短语、动词-ing、不定式、副词、过去分词等。 29 主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A) Mr. Wu talks loudly. The time passed very quickly. The park lies in the center of the city. He walks to school. 主语 谓语 状语 30 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A) Cindy likes reading books in the library. The boy is watching TV in the room. They had dinner in this restaurant. He settled the problem in an easy way. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 31 There be句型 There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人,基本结构为“There is/are/was/were ...＋地点状语”。谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词,如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、 used to be (曾经有) 等。 There’s a lot to explore at senior high school. There is a piano in my study. There are 56 students in my class. 32 Read the sentences and analyze the structures. I’m not outgoing. The teacher was kind and friendly. He told a funny story. Everyone laughed. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened. He told us funny stories. SP SP SVO SV SVOC SP SVOO Complete sentences with the verbs in the brackets in proper structures. 1. I hope my dream ______________. (come true) SV 2. I _______________________ (look forward to). SVO 3. Learning English ______________ (seem). SP 4. They _________________ (live). SVA 5. He ____________________ (show). SVOO will come true look forward to your letter seems interesting are living in the city showed us his pictures Goodbye! $$