第8讲 人称物主代词&反身代词&不定代词&指示代词-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第8讲 人称物主代词&反身代词&不定代词&指示代词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、人称代词与物主代词：形式及功能对比 人称代词分为主格（作主语）和宾格（作宾语），物主代词分为形容词性（修饰名词）和名词性（独立使用），需根据句子成分选择正确形式。 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 第一人称复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单 / 复 you you your yours yourself/yourselves 第三人称单数（男） he him his his himself 第三人称单数（女） she her her hers herself 第三人称单数（物） it it its its itself 第三人称复数 they them their theirs themselves 功能示例： 主格（作主语）：She is a student.（她是一名学生。） 宾格（作宾语）：I know her.（我认识她。） 形容词性物主代词（修饰名词）：This is her book.（这是她的书。） 名词性物主代词（独立使用）：This book is hers.（这本书是她的。） 注意事项： 1. 形容词性物主代词后必须接名词（如错误：This is my. 正确：This is my book.）；名词性物主代词后不可接名词（如错误：This is mine book. 正确：This is mine.）。 2. 人称代词的一致性：主语与宾语需对应人称（如错误：She helps we. 正确：She helps us.）。 二、反身代词：形式及固定搭配 反身代词表示 “某人自己”，主要用于强调主语或作动词 / 介词的宾语，需掌握常见固定搭配。 人称 反身代词形式 常见固定搭配 示例 第一人称单数 myself enjoy oneself（玩得开心）、teach oneself（自学） I taught myself English. 第一人称复数 ourselves by ourselves（独自）、look after ourselves（照顾自己） We finished it by ourselves. 第二人称单数 yourself help yourself to（随便吃 / 用） Help yourself to some fruit. 第二人称复数 yourselves enjoy yourselves You should enjoy yourselves. 第三人称单数 himself/herself/itself hurt oneself（弄伤自己）、lose oneself in（沉浸于） She lost herself in reading. 第三人称复数 themselves by themselves They went there by themselves. 注意事项： 1. 反身代词不可单独作主语（如错误：Myself did it. 正确：I myself did it.）。 2. 固定搭配中的反身代词不可替换：如 “enjoy oneself” 不可改为 “enjoy him”，需根据主语调整反身代词形式。 三、不定代词：核心类别及用法辨析 不定代词指代不明确的人或事物，需根据 “数量、范围、肯定 / 否定” 等语境选择，重点区分易混淆代词。 （1）some/any, many/much, (a) few/(a) little 对比 类别 适用场景 修饰对象 示例 some 肯定句、表请求 / 建议的疑问句 可数 / 不可数名词 I have some books. Would you like some tea? any 否定句、疑问句、肯定句表 “任何” 可数 / 不可数名词 I don’t have any money. Any student can join. many 表 “许多” 可数名词复数 There are many people here. much 表 “许多” 不可数名词 I have much work to do. a few 表 “一些”（肯定） 可数名词复数 I have a few friends. few 表 “几乎没有”（否定） 可数名词复数 He has few books. a little 表 “一些”（肯定） 不可数名词 There is a little water left. little 表 “几乎没有”（否定） 不可数名词 There is little time. （2）other/others/the other/the others/another 对比 类别 含义 适用范围 示例 other “其他的” 泛指，后接可数名词复数 I like other sports. others “其他的人 / 物” 泛指，独立使用，相当于 “other + 名词” Some are here, others are there. the other “（两者中）另一个” 或 “（范围内）其余的” 特指，后接名词单 / 复数 I have two pens: one is red, the other is blue. the others “（范围内）其余的人 / 物” 特指，独立使用，相当于 “the other + 名词” Ten students came: three are boys, the others are girls. another “另一个” 泛指三者及以上，后接名词单数 Can you give me another book? 注意事项： 1. 复合不定代词的修饰语后置：形容词需放在 “something, anything, nothing” 等之后（如错误：important something 正确：something important）。 2. 就近原则：“either...or..., neither...nor...” 连接主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致（如：Neither he nor I am late.）。 3. 单复数一致：“each, every, no one” 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如：Everyone is here.）。 四、指示代词：this/that/these/those 的用法 指示代词用于指代人或事物，需根据 “距离远近” 和 “单复数” 选择，常用于介绍、比较等场景。 类别 距离 / 数量 用法场景 示例 this 近指，单数 介绍近处的人 / 物、电话中介绍自己 This is my friend. Hello, this is Tom speaking. that 远指，单数 指代远处的人 / 物、电话中询问对方、比较中避免重复 That is a tree. Who’s that? The weather here is better than that in the north. these 近指，复数 指代近处的复数人 / 物 These are my books. those 远指，复数 指代远处的复数人 / 物、比较中避免重复 Those are their bags. The prices here are lower than those in the city. 注意事项： 1. 比较结构中的替代：单数 / 不可数名词用 “that” 替代，复数名词用 “those” 替代，避免重复（如错误：The apples here are bigger than the apples in the shop. 正确：The apples here are bigger than those in the shop.）。 2. 电话用语固定搭配：介绍自己用 “this”，询问对方用 “that”（不可用 “I/you”）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．That’s my bag. But where is (you)? 2．Surround (you) with uplifting individuals who inspire you to be better. 3．I was just glad to find (they) alive. 4．When I set out to do something, I try (I) best to achieve it. 5．If you do not know how to behave (you) at table as a guest, you should copy the host. 6．It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than I bought. 7．I like reading music magazines and I often buy (they) in the bookshop near my house. 8．Ms. Read will give (we) a talk about healthy life this afternoon. 9．He was ill. was why he didn’t go to school. 10．— I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or cola? — . Milk is OK. 11．She is a talented writer in (she) own right, not just the daughter of a famous author. 12．He said that he had grown up and could earn (he) own living. 13．Tom will come to repair it. His job has to do with computers. 14．The book on the table is (my) and that one is yours. 15．He also had a gun with which he could defend (he). 二、完成句子 1. 大学毕业之后，我逐渐地适应了独自生活。 After graduation from college，I gradually living on my own. 2. 史密斯先生想和我聊聊我的报告。 Mr. Smith wants to have a my report. 3. ，the missing child returned home ten days later，tired but healthy. 令我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家。他虽然很累，但很健康。 4. 那个小男孩站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。 The little boy stood on the chair to make . 5. 你能帮我一个忙，今天去学校接萨姆吗？ Could you and pick up Sam from school today? 6. 如果你忽视自己的饮食，必然会遇到麻烦。 If you , trouble will follow. 7. It is necessary that should take up the task to make China stronger. 我们青年人有必要承担起使中国更加强大的任务。 8. 那个是你的书包吗？ that ? 9. There are on the small table． 在那张小桌上有一些红玫瑰。 10. 杰克突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室了。 It suddenly Jack that he had left his keys in the office. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 I received a private message on Facebook. It began harmlessly enough: “Hi, girl. Wanted to 1 you to join my next challenge group—We will be 2 on fitting in 30 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition. "It was all becoming too much. Facebook was 3 my life, not me. But what killed Facebook for me was when I 4 a photo and my son asked me how many “likes” it had got. His question was a 5 call. “Likes” are signs of acceptance and 6 . I had forgotten they both need to come from within and had 7 set him a bad example. To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a 8 example for my son, I deactivated（解除）my Facebook 9 . I had been in the habit of 10 Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. I 11 a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting and yoga classes. I started to 12 a few things. My body is fine just the way it is. I have 13 who will help me out when I am in trouble. I do my best to be a good mother and our son is happy and healthy. I stopped looking at the world through my cell phone. I felt completely 14 in the moment. The 15 left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life. Less social media is more. 1. A．invite B．help C．contact D．reward 2. A．commenting B．researching C．focusing D．relying 3. A．ruining B．promoting C．instructing D．running 4. A．posted B．took C．copied D．designed 5. A．warm-up B．wake-up C．follow-up D．come-up 6. A．liberation B．patience C．approval D．sympathy 7. A．unknowingly B．understandingly C．dramatically D．willingly 8. A．major B．healthy C．single D．plain 9. A．assignment B．performance C．platform D．account 10. A．answering B．checking C．designing D．sending 11. A．carried B．bought C．ordered D．reviewed 12. A．expect B．recognize C．treat D．reject 13. A．strangers B．specialists C．opponents D．friends 14. A．responsible B．typical C．present D．confident 15. A．concern B．message C．origin D．break Passage 2 The computer plays an important part in our everyday life. It is one of the great 1 in the world in the 2 century. It works for us not only at home, in the offices, in big shops, 3 at schools. Today it is used 4 many ways. It really 5 the world large wealth (财富) and happiness. The first computer in the world was 6 Enid. It was built in America in 1946. It was 7 and heavy. 8 it was born, it has been developing very fast. Until now it has gone 9 four periods (时期，阶段)and changed a lot. There’re many kinds of computers. Computers are getting smaller and smaller and computing faster and faster. It becomes more and more 10 . The computer can do most of the things 11 the people. It can help us to 12 about the real world more quickly, to learn 13 we want to learn and to think 14 ourselves. 15 a student in the twenty-first century, you must work hard at it. 1. A．inventions B．discoveries C．toys D．inventors 2. A．twenty-first B．twenties C．twelfth D．twentieth 3. A．also B．but also C．too D．either 4. A．in B．to C．by D．over 5. A．takes B．helps C．gets D．brings 6. A．found B．invented C．called D．bought 7. A．easy B．small C．large D．light 8. A．For B．Until C．When D．Since 9. A．back B．across C．through D．against 10. A．serious B．harmful C．dangerous D．helpful 11. A．for B．to C．at D．with 12. A．set B．tell C．know D．talk 13. A．what B．that C．which D．who 14. A．of B．about C．out D．for 15. A．For B．Be C．As D．To Passage 3     The computer is fast, and never makes a mistake, while people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. That’s 1 people often say when 2 talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been 3 better and better computers. Now a computer can 4 a lot of 5 jobs wonderfully. It is 6 used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost 7 field. Many computer scientists are thinking of 8 the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can 9 pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voices, translate languages and so on. Perhaps computers will 10 really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid 11 they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and serve the people? No, people will 12 better use of the computers in 13 future. Man is 14 the master of the computer. The computer works only 15 the help of man. It cannot take the place of man. 1. A．that B．what C．how D．why 2. A．we B．they C．you D．people 3. A．loving B．taking C．making D．thinking 4. A．have B．get C．do D．offer 5. A．everyday B．every day C．each day D．some day 6. A．widely B．wide C．great D．deeply 7. A．either B．all C．both D．every 8. A．producing B．ordering C．making D．building 9. A．take B．look at C．draw D．put 10. A．one day B．a day C．any day D．the other day 11. A．when B．that C．how D．while 12. A．chose B．get C．take D．make 13. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14. A．often B．never C．always D．sometimes 15. A．with B．under C．by D．for 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In AD 79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, 1 (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of 2 (it) buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) have been observing it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for 3 (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked — virtual reality (VR). Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data collected by drones (无人机) flying over the ruined Roman city to create a 3D computer reconstruction (重建) of one of its most 4 (impress) buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system called Unity 5 (make) a VR model. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings 6 to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked 7 (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record 8 (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design to draw attention 9 objects that showed off the wealth and status of its owner — perhaps a man called LuciusValenius Flaccus, 10 ring was found in the ruins. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a report, more than 41 million trees are cut down every day around the world. When you hear this number, you may think more trees should be 1 (plant) to help the environment. But Rome wasn’t built in 2 day and neither are forests. Luckily, Ecosia, a search engine (搜索引擎), is trying to do something to help. It gives away most of its money it makes from ads to tree-planting projects. It means that you can help plant trees just by 3 (watch) ads on the search engine. Ecosia was started by Christian Kroll in 2009. 4 he was learning business at university, Kroll learned how search engines worked and 5 (think) they could raise money for good causes (善举). While traveling after 6 (he) studies, Kroll saw the huge influence of deforestation (滥伐森林) in Argentina and found his good cause: planting trees. “I want to make the world a 7 (green), better place,” he said. Ecosia has around 20 million users and it takes about 45 8 (search) to raise enough money to plant one tree. By 2009, Ecosia has helped plant 9 (many) than 164 million trees in over 35 countries. The tree-planting projects it works with also help to create jobs in countries 10 Burkina Faso and Indonesia, protect endangered animals, and educate people. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式， In the Chinese animated film Ne Zha 2, the Taoist master Taiyi Zhenren famously rebuilds Ne Zha’s body 1 (use) lotus roots. Now, in the real world, a team of scientists in Wuhan, Hubei Province, is turning this ancient myth into 2 (real). Over the past decade, researchers have extracted (提取) fibers from lotus roots and used 3D printing technology to produce bone scaffolds (支架) designed 3 (support) cell healing. Professor Jiang Xueyu explained that lotus roots are particularly rich 4 fiber (纤维). The research team has focused on using these fibers to make 3D-printed scaffolds, 5 encourage bone cells to grow along the fiber structure, 6 (significant) speeding up the healing process. Unlike steel scaffolds, lotus fiber scaffolds 7 (be) naturally fit for the body, because they break down at a rate that matches the formation of new bone. It is hoped that this technology could dramatically reduce treatment costs and improve patient recovery 8 (result) if it is successfully put into practical use. Professor Yi Yang stresses 9 (they) innovations extend beyond medical applications 10 that the innovations have transformed the way lotus root is processed as a food ingredient. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$春季高考·必胜 第8讲 人称物主代词&反身代词&不定代词&指示代词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、人称代词与物主代词：形式及功能对比 人称代词分为主格（作主语）和宾格（作宾语），物主代词分为形容词性（修饰名词）和名词性（独立使用），需根据句子成分选择正确形式。 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 第一人称复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单 / 复 you you your yours yourself/yourselves 第三人称单数（男） he him his his himself 第三人称单数（女） she her her hers herself 第三人称单数（物） it it its its itself 第三人称复数 they them their theirs themselves 功能示例： 主格（作主语）：She is a student.（她是一名学生。） 宾格（作宾语）：I know her.（我认识她。） 形容词性物主代词（修饰名词）：This is her book.（这是她的书。） 名词性物主代词（独立使用）：This book is hers.（这本书是她的。） 注意事项： 1. 形容词性物主代词后必须接名词（如错误：This is my. 正确：This is my book.）；名词性物主代词后不可接名词（如错误：This is mine book. 正确：This is mine.）。 2. 人称代词的一致性：主语与宾语需对应人称（如错误：She helps we. 正确：She helps us.）。 二、反身代词：形式及固定搭配 反身代词表示 “某人自己”，主要用于强调主语或作动词 / 介词的宾语，需掌握常见固定搭配。 人称 反身代词形式 常见固定搭配 示例 第一人称单数 myself enjoy oneself（玩得开心）、teach oneself（自学） I taught myself English. 第一人称复数 ourselves by ourselves（独自）、look after ourselves（照顾自己） We finished it by ourselves. 第二人称单数 yourself help yourself to（随便吃 / 用） Help yourself to some fruit. 第二人称复数 yourselves enjoy yourselves You should enjoy yourselves. 第三人称单数 himself/herself/itself hurt oneself（弄伤自己）、lose oneself in（沉浸于） She lost herself in reading. 第三人称复数 themselves by themselves They went there by themselves. 注意事项： 1. 反身代词不可单独作主语（如错误：Myself did it. 正确：I myself did it.）。 2. 固定搭配中的反身代词不可替换：如 “enjoy oneself” 不可改为 “enjoy him”，需根据主语调整反身代词形式。 三、不定代词：核心类别及用法辨析 不定代词指代不明确的人或事物，需根据 “数量、范围、肯定 / 否定” 等语境选择，重点区分易混淆代词。 （1）some/any, many/much, (a) few/(a) little 对比 类别 适用场景 修饰对象 示例 some 肯定句、表请求 / 建议的疑问句 可数 / 不可数名词 I have some books. Would you like some tea? any 否定句、疑问句、肯定句表 “任何” 可数 / 不可数名词 I don’t have any money. Any student can join. many 表 “许多” 可数名词复数 There are many people here. much 表 “许多” 不可数名词 I have much work to do. a few 表 “一些”（肯定） 可数名词复数 I have a few friends. few 表 “几乎没有”（否定） 可数名词复数 He has few books. a little 表 “一些”（肯定） 不可数名词 There is a little water left. little 表 “几乎没有”（否定） 不可数名词 There is little time. （2）other/others/the other/the others/another 对比 类别 含义 适用范围 示例 other “其他的” 泛指，后接可数名词复数 I like other sports. others “其他的人 / 物” 泛指，独立使用，相当于 “other + 名词” Some are here, others are there. the other “（两者中）另一个” 或 “（范围内）其余的” 特指，后接名词单 / 复数 I have two pens: one is red, the other is blue. the others “（范围内）其余的人 / 物” 特指，独立使用，相当于 “the other + 名词” Ten students came: three are boys, the others are girls. another “另一个” 泛指三者及以上，后接名词单数 Can you give me another book? 注意事项： 1. 复合不定代词的修饰语后置：形容词需放在 “something, anything, nothing” 等之后（如错误：important something 正确：something important）。 2. 就近原则：“either...or..., neither...nor...” 连接主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致（如：Neither he nor I am late.）。 3. 单复数一致：“each, every, no one” 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如：Everyone is here.）。 四、指示代词：this/that/these/those 的用法 指示代词用于指代人或事物，需根据 “距离远近” 和 “单复数” 选择，常用于介绍、比较等场景。 类别 距离 / 数量 用法场景 示例 this 近指，单数 介绍近处的人 / 物、电话中介绍自己 This is my friend. Hello, this is Tom speaking. that 远指，单数 指代远处的人 / 物、电话中询问对方、比较中避免重复 That is a tree. Who’s that? The weather here is better than that in the north. these 近指，复数 指代近处的复数人 / 物 These are my books. those 远指，复数 指代远处的复数人 / 物、比较中避免重复 Those are their bags. The prices here are lower than those in the city. 注意事项： 1. 比较结构中的替代：单数 / 不可数名词用 “that” 替代，复数名词用 “those” 替代，避免重复（如错误：The apples here are bigger than the apples in the shop. 正确：The apples here are bigger than those in the shop.）。 2. 电话用语固定搭配：介绍自己用 “this”，询问对方用 “that”（不可用 “I/you”）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．That’s my bag. But where is (you)? 【答案】yours 【详解】考查代词。句意：那是我的包。但是你的包在哪里呢？结合语意可知，空处表示“你的包”，应用名词性物主代词yours，表示“你的（东西）”，符合题意。故填yours。 2．Surround (you) with uplifting individuals who inspire you to be better. 【答案】yourself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：要和那些能激励你变得更好的人在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语surround oneself with sb.，意为“和某人在一起”。故填yourself。 3．I was just glad to find (they) alive. 【答案】them 【详解】考查代词。句意：我很高兴他们还活着。此处作find的宾语，应用代词宾格them。故填them。 4．When I set out to do something, I try (I) best to achieve it. 【答案】my 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当我开始做某事时，我尽我最大的努力去实现它。表示“尽最大努力”短语为try one’s best，呼应主语I，故填my。 5．If you do not know how to behave (you) at table as a guest, you should copy the host. 【答案】yourself 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你不知道作为客人在餐桌上如何表现，你应该效仿主人。behave oneself固定搭配，意为“表现得体”，主语是you，意为“你”，此处应用yourself表示“你自己”，故填yourself。 6．It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than I bought. 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：有趣的是，我从图书馆借的书比我买的书读得快。替代前面有定冠词的可数名词复数books，其后有定语，应用those。故填those。 7．I like reading music magazines and I often buy (they) in the bookshop near my house. 【答案】them 【详解】考查代词。句意：我喜欢读音乐杂志，我经常在我家附近的书店买。空格处用宾格作宾语，they的宾格是them，故填them。 8．Ms. Read will give (we) a talk about healthy life this afternoon. 【答案】us 【详解】考查人称代词。句意：里德女士今天下午将给我们讲健康生活。此处作动词give的宾语，故用宾格形式us。故填us。 9．He was ill. was why he didn’t go to school. 【答案】That 【详解】考查代词。句意：他生病了。那就是他没上学的原因。该空应用that来指代前文一句话，说明没上学的原因。且置于句首，首字母大写。故填That。 10．— I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or cola? — . Milk is OK. 【答案】Neither 【详解】考查代词。句意：——我想点些喝的。你想要什么，咖啡还是可乐？ ——两者都不要。牛奶是可以的。结合句意可知，前者问要咖啡还是可乐，后者却要的牛奶，所以该空应用neither表示“两者都不要”。且置于句首，首字母大写。故填Neither。 11．She is a talented writer in (she) own right, not just the daughter of a famous author. 【答案】her 【详解】考查代词。句意：她本身就是一位才华横溢的作家，而并非仅仅是一位著名作家的女儿。此处为短语in one's own right表示“凭借自身的能力、资格或地位”，结合上文She可知用her。故填her。 12．He said that he had grown up and could earn (he) own living. 【答案】his 【详解】考查代词。句意：他说他已经长大了，能够自己谋生了。根据空后的名词“living”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语。earn one’s own living为固定短语，意为“自谋生计”，he为人称代词主格，意为“他”，其形容词性物主代词是his，符合语境。故填his。 13．Tom will come to repair it. His job has to do with computers. 【答案】something 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：汤姆会来修理的。他的工作和电脑有关。根据Tom will come to repair it可知，他的工作应是和电脑有关，have something to do with...“与……有关”为固定短语。故填something。 14．The book on the table is (my) and that one is yours. 【答案】mine 【详解】考查名词性物主代词。句意：桌子上的书是我的，那本是你的。此处应是用名词性物主代词，表达“我的（书）”含义，作“is”的表语。故填mine。 15．He also had a gun with which he could defend (he). 【答案】himself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：他还带着一把枪，用这把枪他可以自卫。此处主语“he”与宾语指同一人，需用反身代词作宾语，h对应的反身代词是himself，defend himself表示“自卫”，符合语境。故填himself。 二、完成句子 1. 大学毕业之后，我逐渐地适应了独自生活。 After graduation from college，I gradually living on my own. 【答案】 adapted myself to 【详解】考查动词短语、反身代词和时态。分析句意可知，此处考查固定短语adapt oneself to ，意为“使适应”，其中adapt作谓语动词；由句意可知，该句讲述过去发生的事件，所以要用一般过去时态，adapt的过去时形式是adapted；oneself在句中对应“我”，其反身代词形式是myself。故第一空填adapted，第二空填myself，第三空填to。 2. 史密斯先生想和我聊聊我的报告。 Mr. Smith wants to have a my report. 【答案】 chat with me about 【详解】考查动词短语、人称代词。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语have a chat with sb. about sth.，意为“和某人聊某事”，其中sb.对应句中的“我”，因为在句中作介词with的宾语，所以应用宾格形式，“我”的宾格形式是me。故第一空填chat，第二空填with，第三空填me，第四空填about。 3. ，the missing child returned home ten days later，tired but healthy. 令我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家。他虽然很累，但很健康。 【答案】 To our relief 【详解】考查固定搭配，名词和代词。表示“令...的是”应用固定搭配to one’s +抽象名词。表示“我们”应用形容词性物主代词our；表示“安慰”应用名词relief。故填To our relief。 4. 那个小男孩站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。 The little boy stood on the chair to make . 【答案】 himself look taller 【详解】考查反身代词和比较级。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“他看上去更高些”，也就是“他自己看上去更高些”，“他自己”是himself，“看上去更高些”是look taller，make sb. do是固定短语，意为“让某人做某事”，因此look用原形，因此空格处是himself look taller，故填①himself；②look；③taller。 5. 你能帮我一个忙，今天去学校接萨姆吗？ Could you and pick up Sam from school today? 【答案】do me a favour 【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“帮我一个忙”对应的动词短语do me a favour。故填do me a favour。 6. 如果你忽视自己的饮食，必然会遇到麻烦。 If you , trouble will follow. 【答案】ignore your diet 【详解】考查名词，动词，代词和时态。表示“忽视”应用动词ignore；表示“你自己的”应用代词your；表示“饮食”应用名词diet；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话是if引导的条件状语从句，从句谓语用一般现在时表示将来的动作。故答案为ignore your diet。 7. It is necessary that should take up the task to make China stronger. 我们青年人有必要承担起使中国更加强大的任务。 【答案】we youth 【详解】考查代词和同位语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填that引导的从句主语“我们青年人”，“我们”应用代词we ，“青年人”youth作we的同位语。故填we youth。 8. 那个是你的书包吗？ that ? 【答案】 Is your schoolbag 【详解】考查时态、名词、一般疑问句、形容词性物主代词。本句为一般疑问句，询问某物是否属于某人，描述一般事实，时态使用一般现在时。表示“是”用be，且主语that为第三人称单数，be动词用is，在一般疑问句中放在主语that前，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“你的”用形容词性物主代词your，表示“书包”用backpack，作表语。故填①Is；②your；③schoolbag。 9. There are on the small table． 在那张小桌上有一些红玫瑰。 【答案】some red roses 【详解】考查不定代词、形容词和名词。根据中英文，设空处表示“一些红玫瑰”。“一些”可用不定代词some表示；“红”可用形容词red表示，作定语；“玫瑰”可用rose表示，为可数名词，前面有some修饰，这里应用名词复数。故填some red roses。 10. 杰克突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室了。 It suddenly Jack that he had left his keys in the office. 【答案】 occurred to 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“某人突然想到”使用固定句型It suddenly ‌occurs/occurred to sb that，It是形式主语，that引导主语从句，从句是过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时，故填①occurred②to。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 I received a private message on Facebook. It began harmlessly enough: “Hi, girl. Wanted to 1 you to join my next challenge group—We will be 2 on fitting in 30 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition. "It was all becoming too much. Facebook was 3 my life, not me. But what killed Facebook for me was when I 4 a photo and my son asked me how many “likes” it had got. His question was a 5 call. “Likes” are signs of acceptance and 6 . I had forgotten they both need to come from within and had 7 set him a bad example. To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a 8 example for my son, I deactivated（解除）my Facebook 9 . I had been in the habit of 10 Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. I 11 a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting and yoga classes. I started to 12 a few things. My body is fine just the way it is. I have 13 who will help me out when I am in trouble. I do my best to be a good mother and our son is happy and healthy. I stopped looking at the world through my cell phone. I felt completely 14 in the moment. The 15 left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life. Less social media is more. 1. A．invite B．help C．contact D．reward 2. A．commenting B．researching C．focusing D．relying 3. A．ruining B．promoting C．instructing D．running 4. A．posted B．took C．copied D．designed 5. A．warm-up B．wake-up C．follow-up D．come-up 6. A．liberation B．patience C．approval D．sympathy 7. A．unknowingly B．understandingly C．dramatically D．willingly 8. A．major B．healthy C．single D．plain 9. A．assignment B．performance C．platform D．account 10. A．answering B．checking C．designing D．sending 11. A．carried B．bought C．ordered D．reviewed 12. A．expect B．recognize C．treat D．reject 13. A．strangers B．specialists C．opponents D．friends 14. A．responsible B．typical C．present D．confident 15. A．concern B．message C．origin D．break 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者之前的生活被Facebook控制了，过分在乎网站中别人是否“喜欢”。因此作者决定脱离Facebook，活在当下，享受现在的生活。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它以无害的方式开始：“嗨，姑娘。想邀请您加入我的下一个挑战小组我们将专注于30分钟的锻炼和均衡的营养”。A. invite邀请；B. help帮助；C. contact联系；D. reward酬谢。根据上文“I received a private message on Facebook.”及“you to join my next challenge group”可知，作者在Facebook上收到一条私信，有人邀请她加入挑战小组，故选A项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它以无害的方式开始：“嗨，姑娘。想邀请您加入我的下一个挑战小组我们将专注于30分钟的锻炼和均衡的营养”。A. commenting评论；B. researching调查；C. focusing集中；D. relying依靠。根据“on fitting in 30 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition.”可知，此处考查短语focus on，表示“集中、专注”，故选C项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Facebook在掌管我的生活，而不是我。A. ruining毁坏；B. promoting促进；C. instructing指导；D. running掌管、控制。根据上文“It was all becoming too much.”可知，Facebook占据了我太多时间，故推知Facebook掌管了作者生活。故选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对我来说，扼杀Facebook的是当我发布一张照片时，我的儿子问我它得到了多少“赞”。A. posted发布；B. took拿走；C. copied复印；D. designed设计。根据“ a photo and my son asked me how many “likes” it had got.”可知，因为我把照片发到网上，所以儿子问我收获多少“赞”。故选A项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的问题敲响了警钟。“赞”是接受和认可的标志。A. warm-up热身；B. wake-up清醒、唤醒；C. follow-up后续行动；D. come-up出现。根据下文“I had forgotten they both need to come from within and had 　　7　　 set him a bad example.”可知，作者意识到自己给儿子做了坏的榜样。所以儿子的发问给作者敲响了警钟，使作者清醒了。故选B项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的问题敲响了警钟。“赞”是接受和认可的标志。A. liberation释放；B. patience耐心；C. approval赞同、认可；D. sympathy同情。根据““Likes” are signs of acceptance ”可知，and是并列连词，并列成分意义应一致。故此处应与“接受”意义相近，故选C项。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我忘记了他们都需要来自内心，并且不知不觉地给他树立了一个坏榜样。A. unknowingly不知不觉地；B. understandingly领悟地；C. dramatically戏剧地；D. willingly愿意地。根据“His question was a 　　5　　 call.”可知，儿子的发问给作者敲响了警钟，因为她的行为让儿子觉得被别认可是重要的，在不知不觉中给儿子树立了坏榜样。故选A项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了重现那些简单的日子并为我的儿子树立一个健康的榜样，我停用了我的Facebook帐户 。A. major主要的；B. healthy健康的；C. single单一的；D. plain直接的。根据下文“I deactivated（解除）my Facebook 　”以及“I do my best to be a good mother and our son is happy and healthy.”可知，作者意识到自己给儿子做了坏的榜样，所以想给儿子重新树立一个健康的榜样，故选B项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了重现那些日子的简单性并为我的儿子树立一个健康的榜样，我停用了我的Facebook帐户 。A. assignment任务；B. performance表现；C. platform平台；D. account账号。根据“ I deactivated”以及常识可知，作者想为儿子重建简单的生活，所以解除Facebook账户。上Facebook需要账号。故选D项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直习惯于每天多次查看Facebook，所以我不得不养成一些新习惯。A. answering回答；B. checking检查；C. designing设计；D. sending发送。根据“ Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits.”可知，作者要培养新习惯的原因是她每天多次查看Facebook，故选B项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我随身携带着一本小说和一本填字游戏书。A. carried携带；B. bought买；C. ordered订；D. reviewed复习。根据“I had been in the habit of 　　10　　 Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. ”可知，作者想重新养成好习惯，不想每天总查看Facebook，及短语carry…with sb.表示“随身携带”，故选A项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始认识到一些事情。A. expect期待；B. recognize识别、认出；C. treat对待；D. reject拒绝。根据下文“My body is fine just the way it is. I have 　　13　　 who will help me out when I am in trouble. I do my best to be a good mother and our son is happy and healthy.”可知，作者注销Facebook后，开始真正感受生活，她认识到：在生活中她的身体很好，就像它本来的样子一样。朋友会在我遇到麻烦时帮助她。作者尽自己所能做一个好母亲，而且儿子快乐健康。故选B项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有朋友会在我遇到麻烦时帮助我。A. strangers陌生人；B. specialists专家；C. opponents对手；D. friends朋友。根据“who will help me out when I am in trouble.”及选项可知，此处应指在遇到困难时，朋友帮助自己，故选D项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己完全活在当下。A. responsible负责的；B. typical典型的；C. present当下的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“I stopped looking at the world through my cell phone.”可知，作者不再从手机中看世界，而是活在当下，活在现实中。故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：休息时间让我对自己，我的家人，我的家和我的生活感觉更好。A. concern关心；B. message信息；C. origin起源；D. break休息。根据上文“To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a 　　8　　 example for my son, I deactivated（解除）my Facebook 　　9　　 .”可知，作者关闭Facebook，重回简单的生活，从手机中解除解放出来。故把这段时间称为“休息”。故选D项。 Passage 2 The computer plays an important part in our everyday life. It is one of the great 1 in the world in the 2 century. It works for us not only at home, in the offices, in big shops, 3 at schools. Today it is used 4 many ways. It really 5 the world large wealth (财富) and happiness. The first computer in the world was 6 Enid. It was built in America in 1946. It was 7 and heavy. 8 it was born, it has been developing very fast. Until now it has gone 9 four periods (时期，阶段)and changed a lot. There’re many kinds of computers. Computers are getting smaller and smaller and computing faster and faster. It becomes more and more 10 . The computer can do most of the things 11 the people. It can help us to 12 about the real world more quickly, to learn 13 we want to learn and to think 14 ourselves. 15 a student in the twenty-first century, you must work hard at it. 1. A．inventions B．discoveries C．toys D．inventors 2. A．twenty-first B．twenties C．twelfth D．twentieth 3. A．also B．but also C．too D．either 4. A．in B．to C．by D．over 5. A．takes B．helps C．gets D．brings 6. A．found B．invented C．called D．bought 7. A．easy B．small C．large D．light 8. A．For B．Until C．When D．Since 9. A．back B．across C．through D．against 10. A．serious B．harmful C．dangerous D．helpful 11. A．for B．to C．at D．with 12. A．set B．tell C．know D．talk 13. A．what B．that C．which D．who 14. A．of B．about C．out D．for 15. A．For B．Be C．As D．To 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了电脑的产生，发展以及我们日常生活中的广泛使用。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是20世纪最伟大的发明之一。A. inventions发明；B. discoveries发现；C. toys玩具；D. inventors发明家。根据上文“The computer plays an important part in our everyday life.”可知，这句话的It指代上文的computer，所以电脑是一项发明。故选A。 2. 考查数词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. twenty-first21；B. twenties20；C. twelfth第12；D. twentieth第20。根据常识可知，电脑是20世纪的发明，空格前面有the，所以这里要用序数词，表示“第20个世纪”。故选D。 3. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：它不仅适用于家庭、办公室、大商店，还有学校。A. also也；B. but also而且；C. too也；D. either也。根据上文“not only”可知，这里考查连词固定搭配not only…but also…，表示“不仅…而且…”的意思。故选B。 4. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：今天，它被用在许多方面。A. in在…里面；B. to到；C. by通过；D. over在…上面。根据下文“many ways”可知，这里考查介词和名词的固定搭配in many ways，表示“在许多方面”的意思。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它真的给世界带来了很大的财富和快乐。A. takes带走；B. helps帮助；C. gets得到；D. brings带来。根据下文“the world large wealth (财富) and happiness”可知，这里是指电脑给世界带来了很大的财富和快乐。故选D。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界上的第一台电脑被叫做Enid。A. found发现；B. invented发明；C. called叫，喊；D. bought买。根据下文“Enid”可知，这是这台电脑的名字，所以是被叫做这个名字。故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它又大又笨重。A. easy容易的；B. small小的；C. large大的；D. light轻的。根据下文“and heavy”可知，这是指第一台电脑，又大又笨重。故选C。 8. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：自从它诞生，它一直发展的很快。A. For因为；B. Until直到；C. When当…时；D. Since自从。根据下文“it was born, it has been developing very fast.”可知，要想发展，就是要从诞生开始。故选D。 9. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：直到现在，它已经经历了4个阶段，并且改变了许多。A. back回来；B. across跨过；C. through穿过；D. against对立。根据下文“four periods”可知，这里指电脑的发展经历了4个阶段，go through是固定短语，表示“经历”的意思。故选C。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它变得越来越有用。A. serious严肃的；B. harmful有害的；C. dangerous有危险的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据上文“Computers are getting smaller and smaller and computing faster and faster.”可知，电脑一直往好的方向发展，所以变得越来越有用。故选D。 11. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：电脑可以为人类做大部分事情。A. for为了；B. to到；C. at在…上面；D. with和，有。根据上文“do most of the things”和下文“the people”可知，这里是指电脑为人类做事情。故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以帮助我们更快地了解现实世界，学习我们想要学习的东西，为我们自己着想。A. set设置；B. tell告知；C. know知道；D. talk说话。根据下文“about the real world more quickly”可知，这里指电脑可以帮助我们更快地了解现实世界。故选C。 13. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. what什么；B. that那；C. which哪一个；D. who谁。根据下文“we want to learn”可知，这是考查宾语从句的连词，表示“什么”的意思，在从句中做宾语，所以用连词what。故选A。 14. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. of…的；B. about关于；C. out在外面；D. for为了。根据下文“ourselves”可知，这里指电脑会为我们自己考虑。故选D。 15. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：作为一个21世纪的学生，你必须努力学习它。A. For为了；B. Be是；C. As作为；D. To到。根据下文“a student in the twenty-first century”可知，这里指作为一名学生。故选C。 Passage 3     The computer is fast, and never makes a mistake, while people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. That’s 1 people often say when 2 talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been 3 better and better computers. Now a computer can 4 a lot of 5 jobs wonderfully. It is 6 used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost 7 field. Many computer scientists are thinking of 8 the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can 9 pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voices, translate languages and so on. Perhaps computers will 10 really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid 11 they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and serve the people? No, people will 12 better use of the computers in 13 future. Man is 14 the master of the computer. The computer works only 15 the help of man. It cannot take the place of man. 1. A．that B．what C．how D．why 2. A．we B．they C．you D．people 3. A．loving B．taking C．making D．thinking 4. A．have B．get C．do D．offer 5. A．everyday B．every day C．each day D．some day 6. A．widely B．wide C．great D．deeply 7. A．either B．all C．both D．every 8. A．producing B．ordering C．making D．building 9. A．take B．look at C．draw D．put 10. A．one day B．a day C．any day D．the other day 11. A．when B．that C．how D．while 12. A．chose B．get C．take D．make 13. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14. A．often B．never C．always D．sometimes 15. A．with B．under C．by D．for 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机的发展应用以及未来的发展方向。 1. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是人们在谈论电脑时经常说的话。A. that那；B. what什么；C. how如何；D. why为什么。引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示人们说的话，应用what。故选B。 2. 考查代词和名词辨析。句意：这就是人们在谈论电脑时经常说的话。A. we我们；B. they他们；C. you你；D. people人们。此处指上文people应用代词they，作主语，故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：四分之一个多世纪以来，科学家们一直在制造越来越好的计算机。A. loving爱；B. taking带走；C. making制作；D. thinking思考。根据宾语“better and better computers”可知，科学家们一直在制造越来越好的计算机。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在电脑可以很好地完成很多日常工作。A. have有；B. get得到；C. do做；D. offer提供。宾语为jobs，指电脑可以做许多工作，应用动词do。故选C。 5. 考查形容词和短语辨析。句意：现在电脑可以很好地完成很多日常工作。A. everyday每天的；B. every day每天；C. each day每天；D. some day总有一天。修饰后文名词jobs，表示“日常工作”应用形容词everyday，作定语，其他选项在句中作时间状语，不符合语境。故选A。 6. 考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：它被广泛应用于工厂、医院、邮局和机场。A. widely广泛地；B. wide宽的；C. great伟大的；D. deeply深地。根据后文“used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports”可知，计算机被广泛应用，修饰动词used，应用副词widely。故选A。 7. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：计算机几乎可以在每一个领域进行报告、决策和控制。A. either要么；B. all三者都；C. both两者都；D. every每一个。根据上文“factories, hospitals, post offices and airports”可知计算机被广泛应用于许多领域，结合field为单数，可知此处应用every。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多计算机科学家正在考虑使计算机像人一样“思考”。A. producing产生；B. ordering命令；C. making制作，使；D. building建立。根据后文“the computer “think” like a man”指使计算机像人一样“思考”，短语为make…do sth.。故选C。 9. 考查动词和短语词义辨析。句意：在人的帮助下，计算机可以画画，写音乐，与人交谈，下棋，识别声音，翻译语言等等。A. take带走；B. look at看着；C. draw绘画；D. put放。根据后文宾语pictures指计算机可以画画，应用动词draw。故选C。 10. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：也许有一天电脑真的会思考和感觉。A. one day某一天，在未来的某个时间或者在过去的某一天；B. a day一天；C. any day任何一天；D. the other day前几天。上文“Perhaps computers will”为一般将来时，说明为将来的动作，选项中只有one day表示将来的时间。故选A。 11. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：你认为当人们发现计算机太聪明而不能倾听和服务于人们时，他们会害怕吗？A. when当……时候；B. that那；C. how如何；D. while当……时候。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when；while引导时间状语从句时，谓语需用延续性动词，此处不符合。故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不，在不久的将来，人们将会更好地利用计算机。A. chose选择；B. get得到；C. take带走；D. make制作。根据后文“better use of the computers”指更好地利用计算机，短语为make better use of。故选D。 13. 考查冠词用法辨析。句意：不，在不久的将来，人们将会更好地利用计算机。A. a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；B. an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；C. the特指；D. /不填。上文people will为一般将来时，说明此处为短语in the future表示“将来”。故选C。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：人类永远是计算机的主人。A. often经常；B. never从不；C. always总是，永远；D. sometimes有时。根据后文“It cannot take the place of man.(它不能代替人)”可知，人类永远是计算机的主人。故选C。 15. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：计算机只有在人的帮助下才能工作。A. with和；B. under在下面；C. by借助；D. for为了。根据后文“the help of man”指在人的帮助下，计算机才能工作，短语为with the help of表示“在……的帮助下”。故选A。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In AD 79, the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, in southern Italy, 1 (destroy) by a volcanic eruption that buried many of 2 (it) buildings. Archaeologists (考古学家) have been observing it for almost 300 years but now they have a new tool for 3 (understand) how Pompeii might once have looked — virtual reality (VR). Researchers Danilo Campanaro and Giacomo Landeschi, from Lund University in Sweden, used data collected by drones (无人机) flying over the ruined Roman city to create a 3D computer reconstruction (重建) of one of its most 4 (impress) buildings. They then fed the reconstruction into a video game system called Unity 5 (make) a VR model. The idea is not just to recreate the buildings 6 to understand a bit more about how Roman people might have experienced them. Campanaro and Landeschi asked 7 (volunteer) to take a virtual tour of the house in both summer and winter light. The researchers used special eye-tracking technology to record 8 (exact) which areas people looked at and for how long. From this, the team concluded that the building used clever design to draw attention 9 objects that showed off the wealth and status of its owner — perhaps a man called LuciusValenius Flaccus, 10 ring was found in the ruins. 【答案】 1. was destroyed 2. its 3. understanding 4. impressive 5. to make 6. but 7. volunteers 8. exactly 9. to 10. whose 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考古学家利用虚拟现实技术重建庞贝古城的一座建筑，并通过研究参观者的视线追踪来了解古罗马人的生活体验。 1. 考查动词时态语态。句意：公元79年，意大利南部的古罗马城市庞贝被一次火山爆发摧毁，许多建筑被埋没。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In AD 79可知，空处需用一般过去时，city和destroy之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是单数，be动词需用was。故填was destroyed。 2. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：公元79年，意大利南部的古罗马城市庞贝被一次火山爆发摧毁，许多建筑被埋没。空处修饰名词buildings，应用形容词性物主代词its，作定语。故填its。 3. 考查动名词。句意：考古学家们已经观察了将近300年，但现在他们有了一个新的工具来理解庞贝可能曾经的样子——虚拟现实 (VR)。空前for是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填understanding。 4. 考查形容词。句意：来自瑞典隆德大学的研究员丹尼罗•坎帕纳罗和贾科莫•兰德斯奇，利用无人机飞越这座被毁的罗马古城所收集的数据，重建了其最令人印象深刻的建筑之一的3D电脑模型。空处修饰名词buildings，应用形容词impressive作定语，和its most构成形容词最高级。故填impressive。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：然后，他们把这个重建模型输入到一个名为Unity的视频游戏系统中，以制作一个VR模型。句子的谓语动词为fed，空处应用非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to make作目的状语。故填to make。 6. 考查连词。句意：这个想法不仅仅是重建建筑物，还要更多地了解古罗马人是如何体验这些地方的。根据空前not just to recreate the buildings和空后to understand a bit more可知，前后句意是递进关系，not just... but (also)... 意为“不仅仅是…… 还要……”，表示递进关系，强调除了第一个目的外，还有一个更为重要的或附加的目的，故空处需用连词but。故填but。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：坎帕纳罗和兰德斯奇请志愿者在夏天和冬天的光线中对这座房子进行虚拟游览。volunteer意为“志愿者”，是可数名词，句中表示不止一名志愿者参与了实验，空处需用其复数形式。故填volunteers。 8. 考查副词。句意：研究人员使用特殊的眼球追踪技术来精确记录人们看了哪些区域以及看了多久。空处修饰动词record，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 9. 考查介词。句意：由此，研究团队得出结论，该建筑采用了巧妙的设计来吸引人们对展示主人财富和地位的物品的注意——也许是一个名叫卢修斯•瓦莱尼乌斯•弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指在废墟中被发现。draw attention to为固定短语，意为“引起对……的注意”。故填to。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：由此，研究团队得出结论，该建筑采用了巧妙的设计来吸引人们对展示主人财富和地位的物品的注意——也许是一个名叫卢修斯•瓦莱尼乌斯•弗拉库斯的人，他的戒指在废墟中被发现。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是LuciusValenius Flaccus，指人，与ring之间存在所属关系，在从句中作定语，修饰名词ring，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a report, more than 41 million trees are cut down every day around the world. When you hear this number, you may think more trees should be 1 (plant) to help the environment. But Rome wasn’t built in 2 day and neither are forests. Luckily, Ecosia, a search engine (搜索引擎), is trying to do something to help. It gives away most of its money it makes from ads to tree-planting projects. It means that you can help plant trees just by 3 (watch) ads on the search engine. Ecosia was started by Christian Kroll in 2009. 4 he was learning business at university, Kroll learned how search engines worked and 5 (think) they could raise money for good causes (善举). While traveling after 6 (he) studies, Kroll saw the huge influence of deforestation (滥伐森林) in Argentina and found his good cause: planting trees. “I want to make the world a 7 (green), better place,” he said. Ecosia has around 20 million users and it takes about 45 8 (search) to raise enough money to plant one tree. By 2009, Ecosia has helped plant 9 (many) than 164 million trees in over 35 countries. The tree-planting projects it works with also help to create jobs in countries 10 Burkina Faso and Indonesia, protect endangered animals, and educate people. 【答案】 1. planted 2. a/one 3. watching 4. While/When/Because/As 5. thought 6. his 7. greener 8. searches 9. more 10. like 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了搜索引擎Ecosia通过广告收入资助植树项目，以应对全球森林砍伐问题，包括其创立背景、运作方式及其在植树造林、创造就业等方面取得的成果。 1. 考查动词语态。句意：当你听到这个数字时，你可能会认为应该种植更多的树来改善环境。此空位于情态动词should之后，且plant与主语trees之间为被动关系，所以此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。故填planted。 2. 考查固定搭配。句意：但罗马不是一天建成的，森林也不是。此处为固定搭配in a/one day，意为“在一天内”，故填a或one。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着你只需在搜索引擎上观看广告就能帮助植树。此处作介词by的宾语，用动名词watching，构成by doing sth.结构，意为“通过做某事”。故填watching。 4. 考查从属连词。句意：当他在大学学习商业时，克罗尔了解了搜索引擎的工作原理，并认为它们可以为公益事业筹集资金（因为他在大学学习商业，克罗尔了解了搜索引擎的工作原理，并认为它们可以为公益事业筹集资金）。根据“he was learning business at university, ”中的延续性动作was learning可知，此处用从属连词while或when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，也可以用because/as引导原因状语从句，表示他了解了搜索引擎的工作原理，并认为它们可以为公益事业筹集资金的原因，句首单词首字母大写。故填While/When/As/Because。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：同上。此处为谓语动词，与learned并列，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为thought。故填thought。 6. 考查代词。句意：在完成学业后的旅行中，克罗尔看到了阿根廷森林砍伐的巨大影响，并找到了他的公益事业：植树。此处修饰名词studies，用he的形容词性物主代词his。故填his。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：“我想让世界变得更绿色、更美好，”他说。此处与better并列，结合句意，用形容词green的比较级greener，表“更绿色的”。故填greener。 8. 考查名词复数。句意：Ecosia约有2000万用户，大约需要45次搜索才能筹集到足够的资金来种植一棵树。search为可数名词，根据数字“45”可知，用复数形式searches。故填searches。 9. 考查固定搭配。句意：截至2009年，Ecosia已帮助在35多个国家种植了超过1.64亿棵树。此处为固定搭配more than，意为“超过”，所以此处使用many的比较级more。故填more。 10. 考查介词。句意：它合作的植树项目还帮助在布基纳法索和印度尼西亚等国家创造就业机会，保护濒危动物，并教育人们。空后为名词，且此处无提示词，所以此处使用介词，结合句意，此处表示举例，用介词like，意为“例如”。故填like。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式， In the Chinese animated film Ne Zha 2, the Taoist master Taiyi Zhenren famously rebuilds Ne Zha’s body 1 (use) lotus roots. Now, in the real world, a team of scientists in Wuhan, Hubei Province, is turning this ancient myth into 2 (real). Over the past decade, researchers have extracted (提取) fibers from lotus roots and used 3D printing technology to produce bone scaffolds (支架) designed 3 (support) cell healing. Professor Jiang Xueyu explained that lotus roots are particularly rich 4 fiber (纤维). The research team has focused on using these fibers to make 3D-printed scaffolds, 5 encourage bone cells to grow along the fiber structure, 6 (significant) speeding up the healing process. Unlike steel scaffolds, lotus fiber scaffolds 7 (be) naturally fit for the body, because they break down at a rate that matches the formation of new bone. It is hoped that this technology could dramatically reduce treatment costs and improve patient recovery 8 (result) if it is successfully put into practical use. Professor Yi Yang stresses 9 (they) innovations extend beyond medical applications 10 that the innovations have transformed the way lotus root is processed as a food ingredient. 【答案】 1. using 2. reality 3. to support 4. in 5. which 6. significantly 7. are 8. results 9. their 10. and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了湖北省武汉市的一个科学家团队从莲藕中提取纤维并利用3D打印技术制作骨支架的研究，以及该技术有望带来的好处和其创新应用范围。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国动画电影《哪吒2》中，道教大师太乙真人用莲藕重塑了哪吒的身体，这一幕令人印象深刻。此句已有谓语动词rebuilds，use需用非谓语形式，use与其逻辑主语Taiyi Zhenren之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词using作方式状语。故填using。 2. 考查名词。句意：如今，在现实世界中，湖北省武汉市的一个科学家团队正在将这个古老的神话变为现实。turn... into...为固定短语，into是介词，后接名词，real的名词形式为reality，意为“现实”。故填reality。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去十年里，研究人员从莲藕中提取纤维，并利用3D打印技术制作出旨在支持细胞愈合的骨支架。空处需填动词不定式to support，作目的状语，表示生产骨支架的目的是支持细胞愈合，designed to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”。故填to support。 4. 考查介词。句意：蒋学余教授解释说，莲藕的纤维含量特别丰富。be rich in为固定短语，意为“在……方面丰富，富含……”，所以此处填介词in。故填in。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：该研究团队专注于利用这些纤维制作3D打印支架，这种支架能促进骨细胞沿着纤维结构生长，从而显著加快愈合过程。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为scaffolds，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 6. 考查副词。句意：该研究团队专注于利用这些纤维制作3D打印支架，这种支架能促进骨细胞沿着纤维结构生长，从而显著加快愈合过程。此处修饰动词短语speeding up，应用副词significantly作状语，意为“显著地”。故填significantly。 7. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：与钢制支架不同，莲藕纤维支架天生就适合人体，因为它们分解的速度与新骨形成的速度相匹配。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语lotus fiber scaffolds为复数，所以be动词用are。故填are。 8. 考查名词复数。句意：人们希望，如果这项技术能成功投入实际应用，它可以大幅降低治疗成本并改善患者的康复效果。result意为“结果”，为可数名词，此处指多个康复结果，应用复数形式results作宾语。故填results。 9. 考查代词。句意：易阳教授强调，他们的创新不仅局限于医疗应用，而且这些创新还改变了莲藕作为食品原料的加工方式。此处修饰名词innovations，应用形容词性物主代词their，意为“他们的”。故填their。 10. 考查连词。句意：易阳教授强调，他们的创新不仅局限于医疗应用，而且这些创新还改变了莲藕作为食品原料的加工方式。分析句子结构可知，stresses后接两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句前需用连词and连接。故填and。 5 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$