UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

[对应知能达标训练P48] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The scientist collected some insects and plants as samples (样本) in the mountain for his study. 2．Thanks to Chinese people's hard work，China has evolved (发展) into a large economy in the past twenty years. 3．Cultural heritage is left to us by our ancestors (祖先) and is also a symbol of their wisdom，which played a very important role in history. 4．It is a disgrace (耻辱) that the man was fired because of stealing in broad daylight. 5．The police suspected(怀疑) him of carrying lighters so they went through his bag，but found nothing. 6．The study shows that smoking may generate (产生) long-term stress，even if people feel it offers temporary relief. 7．Small and distant (遥远的) from cities though my hometown is，there is always something different to catch your eye. 8．(2024·广东东莞五校联考)Over sixty students took an active part in the activity，some weeding the flower beds，some sowing seeds (种子) and others watering the garden. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The electric car show is crowded(crowd) with people，which shows the increasing popularity of the electric cars. 2．The supermarket has a large variety (various) of goods，which can meet the needs of different consumers. 3．In my opinion，it is much easier for a child to adapt to a new environment than an adult. 4．(2024·石家庄二中期末)The purpose of the program supported by the government is to generate (generate) a lot of new jobs. 5．I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times，resulting in a suspicious (suspect) attitude towards everything and everyone. 6．It is highly recommended that the general public keep one-metre social distance (distant) to avoid any possible risk of getting infected. 7．(2024·成都七中月考)The expert has pointed out that how to carry out effective cost control is still in question. 8．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 9．Paper-cutting is traditional Chinese art form whose history and evolution (evolve) are worthy of research. 10．An organizer of the volunteer group described the flyers (小传单) littering the streets as a disgrace to the city. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．正是由于严重的环境污染，许多物种濒临灭绝。(强调句型) It is because of severe environmental pollution that many species are on the edge of extinction. 2．因为手机，我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。(seem) It seems that we are losing the skills of the face­to­face communication because of mobile phones. 3．光的传播速度如此之快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。(倒装句) So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Charles Darwin，whose father predicted that he would be 1.a disgrace to himself and his family，didn't complete his 2.medical (medicine) degree at college.However，his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most important scientific 3.discoveries (discovery) of all time. The journey on the ship，the Beagle，offered him a good opportunity 4.to study (study) the living things in their natural environments.He was so fascinated by rocks，plants and animals 5.that he got his room crowded with samples.It was believed at that time that all species 6.had appeared (appear) on Earth at the same time and hadn't changed since.Through his careful observation，he began to think 7.differently (different).When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands，he noticed that there was a difference between the beaks of the finches on each of the islands according to what food was available on that particular island.So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor，and they had evolved to adapt 8.to the environment. Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 9.evolution (evolve).The book，On the Origin of Species，explained his theory，10.causing (cause) a heated storm of debate.Today，it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever written. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·湖南师大附中月考)Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were anonymously(匿名地) returned to Cambridge University，nearly 22 years after they went missing. The Cambridge University Library in Britain received a “gift” in early March.Someone left a pink gift bag near the building with a note reading “Happy Easter，X”．In this case，“X” was in place of a person's name.Inside the bag was the gift: two small notebooks from the famous British naturalist Charles Darwin.He is credited with the theory of evolution which says living things change over large periods of time.One of the notebooks has a famous drawing in it called the “Tree of Life”．Darwin made the drawing in 1837. The university talked about the incident on Tuesday.Cambridge believes the notebooks were taken 20 years ago.They were first thought to be missing inside the building after they were taken to be photographed.But，after searching through 10 million books，maps and documents，the university reported the notebooks stolen to the police in 2020. British investigators notified(通知) the police around the world，and a search began.The notebooks are valued at millions of dollars.They were returned，however，in good condition.Darwin's notebooks contained writing about his famous trip around the world on the ship H．M.S.Beagle.The research led to his book on evolution called On the Origin of Species. Cambridge University librarian Jessica Gardner said she was relieved to see the notebooks.But she said her true feelings are profound and almost impossible to express with proper words.Gardner said the notebooks will go back into the Darwin Archive.The library is also home to the works by scientists Stephen Hawking and Isaac Newton.The notebooks will be on display later this year in a Darwin show at the library. The local police say they are continuing to look into who may have taken the notebooks and ask for help from anyone who has information about the case. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了查尔斯·达尔文的两本“被盗”的笔记本在失踪近22年后被匿名归还至剑桥大学。 1．What does the “X” in the note refer to? A．The name of the bag. B．The name of one notebook. C．The address of the thief. D．The person who returned the notebooks. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Someone left a pink gift bag...In this case，‘X’ was in place of a person's name.”可知，“X”指的是还笔记本的人。 答案　D 2．Why didn't Cambridge report the incident immediately? A．They took it for granted. B．They didn't realize the loss. C．They ignored the notebooks. D．They didn't trust the police. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“They were first thought to be missing inside the building after they were taken to be photographed.But，after searching through 10 million books，maps and documents，the university reported the notebooks stolen to the police in 2020.”可推知，他们最初没有意识到笔记本被偷了，想当然地以为只是落在大楼里了，所以剑桥大学没有立即报告这一事件。 答案　A 3．What did the two notebooks mainly contain? A．Most chapters of On the Origin of Species. B．The structure of the ship H．M.S.Beagle. C．Darwin's experiences around the world. D．Darwin's comments on his own reading. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Darwin's notebooks contained writing about his famous trip around the world on the ship H．M.S.Beagle.”可知，这两本笔记本的主要内容是达尔文在世界各地的经历。 答案　C 4．What will be done with the two notebooks? A．They will be shown to the public. B．They will be repaired. C．They will be copied. D．They will be handed to the police. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The notebooks will be on display later this year in a Darwin show at the library.”可知，两本笔记本将被展示给公众。 答案　A B We all love animals，but animals don't feel the same way about us.When we enter their wild world，we are “unnatural” invaders into their homes. There was a video many of you may have seen on the Internet recently of a bear and its cub (幼崽) climbing up a steep，snow-covered hill in Russia.The mama bear makes it to the top without too much trouble，but the baby bear keeps sliding back down.It takes three attempts to reach the top and，no doubt，many cheered at the cub's never-give-up spirit.But nature scientists who saw the video didn't cheer. Instead，the scientists were upset that the two bears had been frightened into making a dangerous，unnecessary climb by the drone that was filming them.Gilbert of the University of Idaho said，“It showed a complete lack of understanding from the drone operator of the effects his actions were having on the bears.” Other scientists have found that when a drone is hovering near，a bear's heart rate can increase from 41 beats per minute to 162 beats per minute—a high enough rate to cause a heart attack. Human disturbance has actually been having a far-reaching influence on wildlife.Researchers at the University of Berkeley recently found that many mammals are turning into “night owls” again to avoid contact with humans.Such a shift might not only affect those species themselves，but also have numerous chain effects. We human beings find ourselves in a strange position in nature.We are part of it but also separate from it，now more than ever，since most of us live in cities.So，when we go hiking into wild areas to “reconnect” with nature，we should go softly and considerately.It's OK to get close to our animal friends，just not too close—we wouldn't want to scare them，would we? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了一段熊爬雪山的视频引发了科学家们对于人类打扰野生动物生活的反思。 5．What does the video feature? A．The baby bear's climbing. B．The mama bear's care. C．The dangerous environment. D．The experiment by scientists. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“of a bear and its cub (幼崽) climbing up a steep，snow-covered hill”以及后文具体描写的内容可知，此段视频展示的是一只母熊和它的幼崽攀爬一座陡峭的雪山的情景。 答案　A 6．Why didn't nature scientists cheer? A．Because they knew the bear's family well. B．Because they were against other scientists. C．Because they knew the cause of the bear's climbing. D．Because they lacked understanding of the drone operator. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，因为科学家们知道使得这两只熊攀爬雪山的原因，而且明白它们是冒着生命危险在爬山，所以才为熊的处境担忧。 答案　C 7．What may be the effect of human disturbance on wildlife? A．Food shortage. B．Changing habitats. C．Ecological imbalance. D．Less contact with humans. 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“many mammals are turning into ‘night owls’ again to avoid contact with humans.Such a shift might not only affect those species themselves，but also have numerous chain effects”可知，许多哺乳动物变成了“夜猫子”以避免和人类接触，而这种变化不仅影响了这个物种本身，而且还会引起一系列的连锁反应；由此可推断，人类对野生生物的打扰可能会导致生态失衡。 答案　C 8．What does the author seem to agree with? A．Losing connection with nature. B．Tightening the bond with wild animals. C．Respecting the human-animal distance. D．Shooting more videos on animals for study. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为人类应该和动物保持一定的距离，即尊重人类和动物之间的距离。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 I was out in my fields，a spade (锹) in hand，planting trees this morning.I feel 1 when I do it，knowing that long after I am gone，these trees will stand high above the land， 2 oxygen for humans not yet born. Each spring，as I am 3 ，my mind goes back to a(n) 4 I have of my grandfather: walking with him on the land，listening to his 5 and learning about nature.He often told a story which has 6 in my mind all these years. It was in the early 1900s: a man lost his wife and daughter due to a terrible disease.Filled with 7 ，he decided to act as a 8 shepherd (牧羊人) in the hills.He was about 55 years of age at that time，and as he 9 his sheep，he looked around and saw the land was 10 ．Then the old man felt he needed to do something to help the land 11 ，for it had once been a splendid green forest. He collected some 12 of oak trees from other places, 13 watered them and cared for the young trees that sprouted (发芽) the next year.For the rest of his life，he planted every day.No one knew his story until he was 90 years old.Yet he 14 to plant，perhaps only five trees a day.At that time，the hill had become a green forest, 15 as far as people could see. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与自然。文章讲述了作者祖父曾给自己讲的一个故事：一位孤独的牧羊人每天植树，直到光秃秃的山变成了一片森林。 1．A.anxious B．good C．amazed D．sorry 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“when I do it，knowing that long after I am gone，these trees will stand high above the land， 2 oxygen for humans not yet born”可知，因为种树可以让下一代人受益，所以作者感觉很好。 答案　B 2．A.preparing B．replacing C．receiving D．providing 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“oxygen for humans not yet born”和常识可知，树木可以为人类提供氧气。provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物。 答案　D 3．A.thinking B．walking C．planting D．wondering 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据第一段中的“I was out in my fields，a spade in hand，planting trees this morning.”可知，作者每年春天种树。 答案　C 4．A.imagination B．memory C．regret D．doubt 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“walking with him on the land，listening to his 5 and learning about nature”可知，这些都是作者对祖父的记忆。 答案　B 5．A.stories B．explanations C．laughter D．songs 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“He often told a story which has 6 in my mind all these years.”可知，作者回忆祖父讲的故事。 答案　A 6．A.lost B．passed C．stuck D．stopped 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文故事可知，这个故事已经印在作者的脑海里了。stick in one's mind印在某人的脑海里。 答案　C 7．A.anger B．sadness C．worries D．dreams 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“It was in the early 1900s: a man lost his wife and daughter due to a terrible disease.”可知，失去了妻子和女儿肯定很悲伤。 答案　B 8．A.lonely B．special C．famous D．clever 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文的“It was in the early 1900s: a man lost his wife and daughter due to a terrible disease.”可知，失去了妻子和女儿后，他成为一个孤独的牧羊人。 答案　A 9．A.tended B．trapped C．helped D．lost 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“he decided to act as a 8 shepherd in the hills”可知，因为是牧羊人，所以是照顾羊。 答案　A 10．A.broad B．soft C．rich D．waste 解析　考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“Then the old man felt he needed to do something to help the land 11 ，for it had once been a splendid green forest.”可知，这片曾经是绿色森林的土地变得荒芜。 答案　D 11．A.appear B．grow C．recover D．rise 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的“for it had once been a splendid green forest”可知，老人想恢复这片土地。 答案　C 12．A.branches B．seeds C．flowers D．leaves 解析　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“watered them and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year”可知，老人收集了一些橡树的种子。 答案　B 13．A.quickly B．desperately C．anxiously D．lovingly 解析　考查副词词义辨析。根据下文的“...and cared for the young trees that sprouted the next year.”可知，老人将种子种植并精心地浇灌。 答案　D 14．A.decided B．refused C．continued D．forgot 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“No one knew his story until he was 90 years old.”可知，老人虽然90岁了，但仍继续种树。 答案　C 15．A.spreading B．moving C．bending D．changing 解析　考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“At that time，the hill had become a green forest”可知，老人所种植的森林已经一直延伸到人们所能看到的地方。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$