UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

[对应学生用书P91] Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P91] A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship，[1]the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit① by the opportunity② of visiting distant③ countries [2]yet little known”．The person who answered the call④ was not the captain's first choice⑤.[3]It was a young man who had left medical⑥ school without completing⑦ his degree. What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father [4]predicting⑧ that he would be “a disgrace⑨ to yourself and all your family”．Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑩. [1]此处the Beagle指the ship，作其同位语。 [2]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰distant countries。distant countries与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。 [3]注意此处并不是强调句，本句中的It指代上文中的The person；句中who引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。强调句中的It没有指代意义。 [4]此处为现在分词结构作后置定语，修饰a letter；其中that引导宾语从句。 The young man in question⑪，Charles Darwin，was a geologist⑫ and naturalist⑬，fascinated⑭ by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with⑮ samples⑯ of the plants and animals he had collected.[5]As he studied these, he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑰？ [5]As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，它强调一个与主句谓语同时发生的动作。 At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to⑱ their changing environments？It was just an idea，but enough to inspire Darwin to⑲ look for more evidence. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of⑳ new species，but [6]it was the birds that interested him the most．Darwin noticed㉑ that there was a difference between the finches㉒ on each of the islands.[7]It seemed their beaks㉓ had evolved according to what food was available㉔ on that particular island. [6]此处是一个强调句，强调句子主语the birds。 [7]本句为主从复合句。其中seemed后是一个省略了that的表语从句；在表语从句中又包含了一个what引导的宾语从句，作介词短语according to的宾语。 Darwin suspected㉕ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor㉖，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time㉗，it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors. It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life㉘.They were shocked.But Darwin's scientific studies were [8]so convincing㉙ that more and more people started to believe his theory． [8]此处为“so...that...”结构，引导结果状语从句。 Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as㉚ one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with㉛ the journey on the Beagle. ①profit vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 profit by/from...因……而获利/受益 ②opportunity n.[C，U]机会 [近义]　chance n.[C]机会 ③distant adj.遥远的 ④answer the call响应号召 ⑤first choice首选 ⑥medical adj.医学的，医疗的 medical school n.医学院，医科大学 medical records病历 ⑦complete vt.完成adj.完整的；完全的，彻底的 completely adv.完全地，彻底地，完整地 ⑧predict vt.预言，预报 ⑨disgrace n.[sing.]令人感到羞耻的人(或事)；[U]丢脸，耻辱 be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 [近义]shame n.[U]羞耻 ⑩of all time 有史以来，自古以来 ⑪in question考虑之中的，被谈论着的 ⑫geologist n.[C]地质学家 ⑬naturalist n.[C]博物学家 [英语释义]a person who studies animals，plants，birds and other living things ⑭fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的 fascinating adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 ⑮be crowded with(某场所) 挤满 ⑯sample n.[C]样本 a sample survey 抽样调查 ⑰come to exist 产生(相当于come into existence) ⑱adapt vi.& vt.适应(新情况) adapt (oneself) to...适应…… ⑲inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事 inspire vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考 ⑳a variety of各种各样的 [近义]　all kinds of/all sorts of各种各样的 ㉑notice vt.& vi.注意到 [近义]　spot vt.发现，注意到 observe vt.观察到，注意到 ㉒finch n.[C]雀科鸣禽 ㉓beak n.[C]鸟嘴，喙 ㉔available adj.可获得的，可找到的 be available for可利用的；有帮助的 be available to (某人)可获得的 ㉕suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 ㉖ancestor n.[C](动物的) 原种，祖先 [反义]　offspring n.[C]子女，后代 ㉗over time 随着时间的流逝 ㉘a lower form of life 一种较为低级的生命形式 ㉙convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 convinced adj.确信 ㉚be regarded as被认为是 ㉛begin with...以……作为开始 [人物小传] Charles Darwin(1809—1882) was an English geologist and naturalist，known for his Theory of Evolution by natural selection.His father wanted him to study medicine，but he was more interested in natural science.After achieving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1831，he started his five-year voyage on the Beagle，which led to his important discoveries and his famous work On the Origin of Species. 发现之旅 “贝格尔号”的舰长希望找到一个“会因为这个可以游历鲜为人知的遥远国度的机会而受益”的人。响应号召的这个人并非船长的首选。这是一个没有拿到学位，从医学院辍学的年轻人。而且，他最近收到了一封他父亲的来信，信中预言他将成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。即便如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。 我们提到的这个年轻人——查尔斯·达尔文——是一位地质学家和博物学家，他对岩石、植物和动物着迷。1831年，他乘坐“贝格尔号”离开英国。这次旅行让他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美洲度过一段时间以后，他船上的房间里满是他收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些时，他问了自己一个问题：不同物种是如何产生的？ 那时，人们认为地球上的所有物种都是同时出现的，并且从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，一些动物种类彼此间十分相似。也许动物在适应环境变化时进化了？这虽然只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。 1835年，当“贝格尔号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，每个岛屿上，雀类都有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成了许多新物种。这就是动植物的新物种如何产生的答案：它们从更早期的祖先进化而来。 这是一个全新的理念——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了该理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了轰动。许多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们感到震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最为重要的著作之一。它彻底改变了人们对于地球上生命的看法。而这一切都始于“贝格尔号”的探索之旅。 [对应学生用书P94] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．seed n.种子，籽 2．disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱 3．sample n.样本 4．ancestor n.(动物的) 原种，祖先 5．generate v.产生，创造 拓展单词 6．distant adj.遥远的；远处的；心不在焉的→distance n.距离；远处 7．evolve v.进化→evolution n.进化(论) 8．suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n.怀疑，嫌疑 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．answer the call 响应号召 2．be a disgrace是耻辱，丢脸的事 3．of all time 有史以来 4．in question被提及的；考虑之中的，被谈论着的 5．be crowded with 被……塞满；挤满 6．come to exist 产生 7．adapt to 适应 8．a variety of 各种各样的 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．强调句型 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most (最让他感兴趣的是鸟类). 2．“It seems (that)...”意为“看起来/似乎是……” It seemed their beaks had evolved (似乎是它们的喙已经进化) according to what food was available on that particular island. 3．“not...until...”意为“直到……才……” It was not published until 1859 (它直到1859年才出版) and immediately caused a storm. 4．“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that (如此具有说服力以至于) more and more people started to believe his theory. [对应学生用书P94] Ⅰ.What's the main idea of the text? A．Darwin's unlucky journey confirmed his theory that humans had evolved over time. B．Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time. C．Darwin's interest in various living things made him a great naturalist. D．Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution. 答案　D Ⅱ.Read the passage and fill in the blanks Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What do we know about Charles Darwin from the first paragraph? A．He knew the captain of the Beagle very well. B．He wanted to travel around the world by ship. C．He was interested in his lessons at college. D．His father was disappointed with him. 2．What was Charles Darwin interested in? A．Travelling around the world. B．Living things on Earth. C．Communicating with others. D．Doing research on resources. 3．From the sixth paragraph，what was Charles Darwin brave to do? A．To travel alone in the mountains. B．To fight against other people. C．To express his own different ideas. D．To inspire others to tell the truth. 4．What did Charles Darwin base his theory on? A．Traditional beliefs. B．Doing experiments. C．Famous sayings. D．Scientific research. 答案　1—4　DBCD 1．When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most. [句式分析] “When the Beagle...in 1835”为when引导的时间状语从句；主句是but连接的并列句，其中第二个分句中“it was the birds that interested him the most”为强调句型。 [翻译]　1835年，当“贝格尔号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 2．Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before. [句式分析] 句子的主干为Darwin suspected，“that the finches...ancestor”为that引导的宾语从句，“which had arrived...before”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancestor。 [翻译]　达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。 [对应学生用书P95] [核心词汇·练透] distant adj.遥远的；(指人) 远亲的；冷淡的(→distance n.距离；路程；远方) (1)be distant from　 离……遥远 (2)in the distance　在远处 at a distance (of)　在……远的地方；距离稍远 within walking distance　在步行距离内；步行就能到 keep sb at a distance　与某人保持一定距离 [教材原句]The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known.” “贝格尔号”舰的舰长想要找到一个可以“通过前往鲜为人知的遥远国度的机会而有所收获”的人。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)However，after I went to high school，somehow I became distant (distance) from him.(2022·全国甲卷) (2)This field is full of beautiful wild flowers，and the singing of birds can be heard at a distance. (3)我们将于下周六在一家距离我们学校两公里远的农场举办水果采摘活动。 We'll hold a fruit-picking activity next Saturday on a farm which is at a distance of two kilometres from our school．(应用文佳句之通知) (4)了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信是为了给你一些建议。 Learning that other students always keep you at a distance，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.(应用文佳句之建议信) adapt to　适应(to 为介词)(→adaptation n.适应；改编本→adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的) adapt oneself to...　使自己适应…… adapt...from...　根据……改编…… adapt...for...　为……改编…… [教材原句]Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？ [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)In order to better adapt ourselves to new circumstances，we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. (2)I'm sure she'll deal with the changes very well because she's very adaptable (adapt). (3)Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. (4)我想知道你是否可以帮助我修改一个由我们英语课本改编的短剧。 I was wondering if you could help me revise a short play adapted from our English textbook．(应用文佳句之求助信) suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 suspect sth/that... 怀疑…… suspect sb/sth to be...　怀疑某人/某事是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth　怀疑某人(做了)某事 [教材原句]Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文猜想这些雀类是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先在很久以前就来到了群岛。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1) Suspected (suspect) of being involved in the attempted murder，the man was questioned by the police last night. (2)Judging from his nervous expression，the police suspected him to be (be) a pickpocket. (3)汤姆的朋友怀疑他偷了她的手机，这让汤姆非常难过。 Tom's friend suspected him of stealing her mobile phone，which made Tom very upset.(续写佳句之心理描写) [重点句型·通关] “so/such...that...” 意为“如此……以至于……” (1)“so/such...that...”引导结果状语从句；so后通常接形容词或副词，而such修饰名词。该结构的具体形式如下： so＋＋that... such＋＋that... (2)在“so/such...that...”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装结构。 [教材原句]But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 句式升级 (1)The exhibition displays such wonderful pictures that you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better. (2) We had so little time to catch the train that we had to run as fast as we could to make it. (3) The volleyball match is so significant that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule. →So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.(倒装句) [对应学生用书P97] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．what's more 还有；而且；更重要的是 2．be fascinated by 对……极感兴趣的 3．living things 生物 4．the natural environment 自然环境 5．the changing environment 不断变化的环境 6．over time 随着时间的推移 7．evolve into 进化成…… 8．the answer to ……的答案 9．a theory of evolution 进化论 10．cause a storm 引起轰动 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．Now，I suspect (怀疑) someone may have broken into this room and taken away something important. 2．Stone tools that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural capabilities of our human ancestors (祖先). 3．孩子们很容易适应新环境，这是一件好事。 The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments． 4．直到所有的准备都做好了我们才开始工作。 We won't start the work until all the preparations have been made. 5．天气极度寒冷，房子里所有的水管都冻住了。 It was so cold a day that/such a cold day that/so cold that all the water pipes in the house froze up. [对应学生用书P98] 探索描写 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．be a disgrace to...是……的耻辱 2．inspire Darwin to look for more evidence 鼓舞达尔文去寻找更多证据 3．immediately cause a storm立即引起轰动 4．be regarded as one of the most important works ever written 被认为是迄今为止最重要的作品之一 补充词汇 5．the spirit of exploration探索精神 6．make important discoveries about genetics 在遗传学方面有重大发现 7．do research on hybrid rice研究杂交水稻 8．be attracted by nature被大自然所吸引 9．convince more people to believe his theory 说服更多的人相信他的理论 10．have a strong interest and curiosity in science 对科学有强烈的兴趣和好奇心 11．in favour of支持 12．take effective measures采取有效措施 13．broad and far-reaching influence 广泛而深远的影响 14．put...into practice把……付诸实践 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals. 我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。 2．As he studied these，he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist? 当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？ 3．Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. 达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。 4．Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。 其他表达 5．Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters had led to food shortages in the 1960s. 20世纪 60年代，因为自然灾害导致了粮食短缺，袁隆平开始研究杂交水稻。 6．Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格雷戈尔·孟德尔之所以选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性容易控制。 7．Sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines as well as new sources of food and energy. 海洋探索使人们发现新的药物或新的食物和能源来源成为可能。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．他从小就对科学有强烈的兴趣和好奇心，立志成为造福全人类的科学家。 He had a strong interest and curiosity in science since childhood，and was determined to become a scientist for the benefit of all mankind. 2．正是这种进化论引起了整个人类思想的伟大变革，在世界历史进程中产生了广泛而深远的影响。 It is this theory of evolution that has caused a great revolution in the whole human thoughts and has a broad and far­reaching influence in the process of world history. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$