专题03 阅读理解（记叙文）（期中真题汇编）高一英语上学期人教版

专题03 阅读理解 记叙文 主题01 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昭通·期中） When Tom was a child, the river behind his village was his favorite place. He’d swim in its clear water, chase fish, and watch dragonflies dance above the waves. But five years ago, a small factory opened nearby. Waste water from the factory flowed into the river secretly. Soon, the water turned dark green, and a terrible smell filled the air. Fish disappeared, and even the reeds along the bank withered. “I can’t let this happen,” Tom, now a high school student, said to himself. He remembered his science teacher saying that polluted water harms both soil and people’s health. He talked to the village head, showing photos of the river before and after the pollution. The head sighed: “The factory brings income to the village.” Tom didn’t give up. He organized his classmates into a “River Protection Team.” They picked up trash along the river every weekend and put up signs that read “Protect Our River.” They also wrote a letter to the factory owner, attaching their photos of cleaning the river in the rain. At first, the owner ignored them. But when he saw the kids working tirelessly, he finally agreed to install a water treatment system. Three months later, the river began to clear. Last week, Tom saw a group of small fish swimming near the bank. “It’s smiling again,” he thought. 1.Why did the river turn dark green? A. The reeds withered and polluted it. B. The factory poured waste water into it. C. Too many fish died in the river. D. Villagers threw trash into it. 2. What did Tom’s team NOT do to protect the river? A. They picked up trash along the river. B. They put up protective signs. C. They closed the factory with the village head. D. They wrote a letter to the factory owner. 3. The underlined word “withered” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. grew taller B. turned green C. dried up D. spread out 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Factories should never be built in villages. B. Small actions can make a difference to the environment. C. Only students can protect the environment. D. The river was never clean even in Tom’s childhood. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Tom 和同学通过实际行动促使工厂治理污染、恢复河流生态的故事，强调了个体力量在环境保护中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Waste water from the factory flowed into the river secretly. Soon, the water turned dark green” 可知，河水变绿是因为工厂排放废水，故选B。 2．细节理解题。题目要求选出 Tom 的团队没有做的保护河流的行动。根据文章第三段描述，团队的行动包括：“picked up trash along the river（捡河边的垃圾）”、“put up signs that read ‘Protect Our River’（张贴保护河流的标语）”、“wrote a letter to the factory owner（给工厂老板写信）”。选项 C “他们和村长一起关闭了工厂” 在文中从未提及，工厂最终只是安装了污水处理设备，并未被关闭。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “withered” 的含义。该词出现在第一段最后一句 “Fish disappeared, and even the reeds along the bank withered”，结合上下文可知，河流被污染后，鱼消失了，岸边的芦苇也受到了影响。根据常识，污染会导致植物枯萎，因此 “withered” 最可能的含义是 “枯萎、干涸”（dried up）。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。题目要求从故事中推断出正确的结论。文章讲述了 Tom 和同学组成 “河流保护队”，通过捡垃圾、贴标语、写信等小行动，最终打动工厂老板安装污水处理设备，使河流逐渐恢复清澈。这一过程体现了 “小行动也能对环境产生影响”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江·期中）As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化). “Within10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable (可持续的) crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi continued her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant l million trees by 2028. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco. 5．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They made her decide to leave the country. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 6．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Cold weather. B．Soil pollution. C．Low rainfall. D．Forest damage. 7．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To promote the protection of their farmland. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To help the children obtain a basic education. 8．Which of the following can be the best title to the text? A．Saving Water in Africa B．Fighting Poverty in North Africa C．Holding back the Sahara D．Planting Trees in Tunisia 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sarah Toumi的成长经历及其为对抗沙漠化、保护突尼斯农田所做出的努力，包括成立Acacias for All项目，种植树木以维护生态平衡，同时也提及了她的个人愿景和项目的发展影响。。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. (作为一个在法国长大的年轻女孩，Sarah Toumi梦想成为一名能够让世界变得更美好的领导者。从九岁起，她就在假期陪伴Tunisian父亲前往他在该国东部的出生地，这唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。在那里，她为孩子们组织了家庭作业俱乐部和活动。)”可知，Toumi在Tunisian的假期旅行激发了她帮助他人的热情。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。)”可知，导致突尼斯农田沙漠化的主因是降水量减少。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In 2012, Toumi continued her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” (2012年，Toumi继续她与沙漠作战的梦想。她搬到了突尼斯，建立了一个名为“Acacias for All”的项目，将她的可持续农业理念付诸行动。“我想向农村地区的年轻人展示，他们可以在自己所在的地方创造机会。没有人比那些生活在没有水的地方的人更能理解荒漠化和气候变化的影响。”)”和第五段中“Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (Toumi估计需要大约300万棵金合欢树来保护Tunisia的农田。)”可知，Toumi建立Acacias for All的目的是为了推广保护他们农田的行动。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化).  “Within10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor.  I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.”  A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (图米亲眼目睹了沙漠化的破坏性影响。“在10年内，富裕的农民变得更穷，再过10年，他们将变穷。我想阻止撒哈拉沙漠的发展。”平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Sarah Toumi为阻止沙漠化进程所做的努力，包括改变农业实践、种植金合欢树等，旨在保护突尼斯的农田免受沙漠化威胁。因此，“Holding back the Sahara (阻挡Sahara)”最能概括文章主题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期中） Last summer, Mia visited her grandparents in a mountain village. She remembered that when she was little, fireflies would dance in the yard every night, like floating stars. But this time, the night was dark and quiet—no flickers at all. “Pesticides (杀虫剂) from the farm killed them,” Grandpa said sadly. The villagers used strong chemicals to protect crops, but the poison seeped into the grass where fireflies lived. Without fireflies, even the crickets (蟋蟀) seemed to sing less. Mia, a 10th-grader, decided to act. She found a science article saying fireflies help pollinate plants and eat pests. She made posters and explained to farmers: “Less pesticides mean more fireflies, and fireflies protect crops too!” At first, the farmers doubted her. But when Mia showed them a video of fireflies eating harmful bugs, they agreed to try natural pest control, like planting marigolds (万寿菊) that repel insects. Three months later, Mia returned. As dusk fell, a tiny light flickered near the grass. Then another, and another. “They’re back!” she cried. Grandpa smiled: “Nature finds its way when we help it.” 9. Why did the fireflies disappear? A. The crickets ate them. B. Strong pesticides killed them. C. They moved to other villages. D. Mia’s grandparents drove them away. 10. What did Mia do to bring back fireflies? A. She planted more crops. B. She used more pesticides. C. She explained fireflies’ role and suggested natural pest control. D. She caught harmful bugs for fireflies. 11. The underlined word “repel” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. attract B. kill C. drive away D. feed 12. What can we learn from the story? A. Pesticides are good for all living things. B. Protecting small creatures helps balance nature. C. Fireflies are useless for farmers. D. Villagers should never grow crops. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4. B 【导语】文章讲述 Mia 通过倡导自然控虫、保护萤火虫，最终让萤火虫回归的故事，体现了 “保护小型生物对维持生态平衡的重要性”，强调人与自然应和谐共生。 1．细节理解题。题目询问萤火虫消失的原因。根据文章第二段第一句 “‘Pesticides from the farm killed them,’ Grandpa said sadly.” 可知，爷爷明确指出农场使用的杀虫剂导致了萤火虫的死亡。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。题目考查 Mia 为找回萤火虫所采取的行动。根据第三段描述，Mia 的行动包括：① 查找科学文章了解到萤火虫能授粉和吃害虫；② 制作海报向农民解释萤火虫的作用（“Less pesticides mean more fireflies, and fireflies protect crops too”）；③ 建议采用自然防虫方法（如种植万寿菊）。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “repel” 的含义。该词所在句为 “planting marigolds that repel insects”，结合上下文可知，Mia 建议用自然方法替代农药来控制害虫，因此万寿菊的作用应与 “驱虫” 相关。“repel” 意为 “驱赶”，与选项 C “drive away” 含义一致。故选C项。 4.推理判断题。题目要求从故事中推断出正确的结论。文章讲述了 Mia 通过保护萤火虫（小型生物），不仅让萤火虫回归，还帮助农民实现了生态防虫，体现了 “保护小型生物有助于维持自然平衡” 的道理。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我——成长蜕变与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Touchwood’s bad temper is of the contradicting pugnacious sort. He is the honourable gentleman in opposition, whatever proposal or proposition may be Line broached, and when others join him he secretly dams their superfluous agreement, quickly discovering that his way of stating the case is not exactly theirs. An invitation or any sign of expectation throws him into an attitude of refusal. Ask his concurrence in a benevolent measure: he will not decline to give it, because he has a real sympathy with good aims; but he complies resentfully, though where he is let alone, he will do much more than anyone would have thought of asking for. No man would shrink with greater sensitiveness from the imputation of not paying his debts, yet when a bill is sent in with any promptitude, he is inclined to make the tradesman wait for the money he is in such a hurry to get. One sees that this antagonistic temper must be much relieved by finding a particular object, and that its worst moments must be those where the mood is that of vague resistance, there being nothing specific to oppose. Touchwood is never so little engaging as when he comes down to breakfast with a cloud on his brow, after parting from you the night before with an affectionate effusiveness at the end of a confidential conversation which has assured you of mutual understanding. Impossible that you can have committed any offence. If mice have disturbed him, that is not your fault; but, nevertheless, your cheerful greeting had better not convey any reference to the weather, else it will be met by a sneer which, taking you unawares, may give you a crushing sense that you make a poor figure with your cheerfulness, which was not asked for. Some daring person perhaps introduces another topic, and uses the delicate flattery of appealing to Touchwood for his opinion, the topic being included in his favourite studies. An indistinct muttering, with a look at the carving-knife in reply, teaches that daring person how ill he has chosen a market for his deference. If Touchwood’s behaviour affects you very closely you had better break your leg in the course of the day: his bad temper will then vanish at once; he will take a painful journey on your behalf; he will sit up with you night after night; he will do all the work of your department so as to save you from any loss in consequence of your accident; he will be even uniformly tender to you till you are well on your legs again, when he will some fine morning insult you without provocation, and make you wish that his generous goodness to you had not closed your lips against retort. 1．The narrator suggests that agreeing with Touchwood on a given subject is a way to ________ A．achieve a kind of victory over him B．change his grouchiness to good humor C．earn his grudging intellectual respect D．throw him into confusion and embarrassment E．cause him to alter his original approach 2．According to the narrator, when is Touchwood LEAST contented? A．When he fails to agree with an opponent B．When a tradesman presents him with a bill C．When he fails to get a peaceful night’s sleep D．When he lacks a specific object to challenge E．When he is unable to achieve a benevolent end 3．What is the most likely reason that Touchwood “is inclined to make the tradesman wait for the money”? A．He enjoys doing harm to other people. B．He fears for his own financial security. C．He refuses to respond to another’s prompting. D．He is extremely wary of being cheated. E．He is uncertain about the legitimacy of others’ demands. 4．The underlined part “Impossible… fault” primarily serve to ________ A．offer feeble excuses B．present contradictory explanations C．acknowledge personal responsibility D．imagine and reject possible provocations E．describe and deny public allegations 5．At the end of the passage, the narrator suggests that the person who has had the “accident” will ________ A．become Touchwood’s friend for life B．be reluctant to respond to verbal attacks from Touchwood C．tend to avoid Touchwood’s company at any cost D．have only kindly feelings toward Touchwood E．have a lower opinion of Touchwood than before the accident 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述Touchwood的好斗易怒脾气：反对他人却暗改己见，他拒绝邀请却会默默付出更多；他敏感于债务却故意拖延付款；当他人遭遇不幸时，他会无私帮助，但之后又无故侮辱人，凸显其行为的不一致性和矛盾性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二句“He is the honourable gentleman in opposition, whatever proposal or proposition may be Line broached, and when others join him he secretly dams their superfluous agreement, quickly discovering that his way of stating the case is not exactly theirs.(无论提出何种提议或主张，他都是在野党的正直人士。当其他人与他意见一致时，他会巧妙地阻止他们过度的赞同，因为他很快就会发现自己的陈述方式与他们的并不完全一致)”可知，如果能与Touchwood在某个特定问题上达成一致，那么这将促使他改变自己最初的处理方式。故选E。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“One sees that this antagonistic temper must be much relieved by finding a particular object, and that its worst moments must be those where the mood is that of vague resistance, there being nothing specific to oppose.(由此可见，这种对立的情绪在找到某个特定对象后必然会得到极大的缓解，而其最糟糕的时刻则是在那种模糊的抵抗情绪出现的时候，即此时并无具体的事物可供对抗)”可知，Touchwood没有特定目标去挑战时最为不满足。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“An invitation or any sign of expectation throws him into an attitude of refusal.(任何一种邀请或表现出的期待之意都会让他产生拒绝的念头)”以及“No man would shrink with greater sensitiveness from the imputation of not paying his debts, yet when a bill is sent in with any promptitude, he is inclined to make the tradesman wait for the money he is in such a hurry to get.(没有人会更敏感地回避因未偿还债务而受到的指责，然而一旦收到付款通知，只要对方能迅速付款，他往往就会让商人继续等待这笔急需的资金)”可知，Touchwood‘倾向于让商人等待付款’，最有可能的原因是他习惯性地抗拒他人的催促，体现了其矛盾性格中拒绝回应提示的特质。故选C。 4．句意猜测题。根据文中“Touchwood is never so little engaging as when he comes down to breakfast with a cloud on his brow, after parting from you the night before with an affectionate effusiveness at the end of a confidential conversation which has assured you of mutual understanding. Impossible that you can have committed any offence. If mice have disturbed him, that is not your fault; but, nevertheless, your cheerful greeting had better not convey any reference to the weather, else it will be met by a sneer which, taking you unawares, may give you a crushing sense that you make a poor figure with your cheerfulness, which was not asked for.(Touchwood在与你告别后，若在次日早餐时仍愁容满面，那他就显得格外不讨人喜欢了。前一晚你们还进行了一次亲密的交谈，其间你对他表达了深深的信赖，还保证彼此之间会相互理解。你不可能有什么过错吧？要是老鼠打扰了他，那也不是你的错；但无论如何，你那欢快的问候最好别涉及天气的话题，否则就会遭到嘲笑，而这种嘲笑会让你猝不及防，从而深刻地意识到自己那欢快的举止实在令人难以接受)”可知，通过想象 “你冒犯他”“老鼠打扰他” 等可能，又一一否定，表明是在设想并排除可能的激怒因素。故划线部分主要是为了设想并排除可能的挑衅行为，从而突出Touchwood无缘无故的坏脾气。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据文中“If Touchwood’s behaviour affects you very closely you had better break your leg in the course of the day: his bad temper will then vanish at once; he will take a painful journey on your behalf; he will sit up with you night after night; he will do all the work of your department so as to save you from any loss in consequence of your accident; he will be even uniformly tender to you till you are well on your legs again, when he will some fine morning insult you without provocation, and make you wish that his generous goodness to you had not closed your lips against retort.(如果Touchwood的行为对你影响很大，那你最好在当天就把腿打断：这样他的坏脾气就会立刻消失；他会替你经历一段痛苦的旅程；他会日夜陪伴着你；他会承担你部门的所有工作，以免你因这次事故而遭受任何损失；他会对你始终如一地温柔体贴，直到你重新能正常行走为止，那时他会在一个美好的早晨无缘无故地侮辱你，让你懊悔自己当初没有拒绝他的慷慨善举)”可知，那位遭遇“意外事故”的人因受惠于Touchwood的善意而无法回击其侮辱，内心不愿回应言语攻击。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期中） I’m Jack, a sophomore whose life flipped upside down last month.​ Weekdays once hummed with routine: 6:30 a.m. alarms, Mom’s blueberry oatmeal, biking to school past dog walkers. English with Ms. Hernandez was my anchor — her tattered To Kill a Mockingbird taught me stories reveal truths. After school, basketball glued me to Tyler, my best friend; we dreamed of regional finals glory.​ Then Mom texted during class: Dad’s in the hospital, heart attack. He’d be out of work for months, and his mechanic shop paid our bills. I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job. Tyler yelled, “We’re two weeks from finals!” We stopped speaking.​ Now I stock shelves till 7:30, bike to school reeking of detergent, then rush to the hospital. Dad jokes about my “fancy job” while I read him sports news, but by 8 p.m., I’m too drained for homework. Grades slipped; Ms. Hernandez noticed, but pride silenced me.​ Last Saturday, Dad and I watched our team lose the finals. Tyler, off his game, missed the winning layup (上篮) — staring into the camera like he sought me. “Basketball’s about showing up,” Dad said.​ This morning, I texted Tyler: Sorry. Talk? I told Ms. Hernandez everything. “Detours teach you to keep going,” she said, giving me her Mockingbird. Tyler held a ball at his locker: “Coach saved your spot.” The trophy can wait. Some things — friendship, finding yourself — are worth the mess.​ 6．What changed Jack’s routine last month? A．He failed the English exam. B．His father had a heart attack. C．He quit the basketball team. D．His family moved to a new place. 7．Why did Jack stop speaking to Tyler? A．Tyler laughed at his part-time job. B．They argued about the regional finals. C．Jack quit the team before the important game. D．Tyler missed the winning layup in the finals. 8．What can we learn about Ms. Hernandez? A．She is strict with her students. B．She gave Jack a new storybook. C．She noticed Jack’s falling grades. D．She forced Jack to talk about his problems. 9．What does the underlined word “Detours” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Unexpected difficulties. B．Interesting experiences. C．Important decisions. D．Wonderful dreams. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了杰克因父亲生病生活发生巨变，后重拾友谊和自我的故事。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then Mom texted during class: Dad’s in the hospital, heart attack. He’d be out of work for months, and his mechanic shop paid our bills. I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job.(然而，那天妈妈在课堂上发来短信：爸爸住院了，心脏病发作。他将数月无法工作，而他的汽修店是我们家的经济支柱。为了挑起生活的重担，我退出了篮球队，转而在一家杂货店做起了凌晨5点上班的工作。)”可知，杰克的父亲心脏病发作使杰克上个月的生活发生了改变。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job. Tyler yelled, “We’re two weeks from finals!” We stopped speaking.(我为了在早上5点的杂货店工作而退出了球队。泰勒喊道：“离决赛还有两周！”我们不再说话了。)”可知，杰克在重要比赛前退出了球队，所以杰克和泰勒不再说话了。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Grades slipped; Ms. Hernandez noticed, but pride silenced me.(成绩下滑了；埃尔南德斯女士注意到了，但自尊心让我保持沉默。)”可知，埃尔南德斯女士注意到了杰克成绩下滑。故选C。 9．词句猜测题。根据上文“I told Ms. Hernandez everything. “Detours teach you to keep going,” she said, giving me her Mockingbird. Tyler held a ball at his locker: “Coach saved your spot.” The trophy can wait. Some things — friendship, finding yourself — are worth the mess.(我把一切都告诉了埃尔南德斯老师。“Detours教会你如何继续前行，”她说着，把她的《Mockingbird》送给了我。泰勒在他的储物柜旁拿着一个篮球：“教练给你留了位置。”奖杯可以等一等。有些东西——比如友谊、自我发现——值得经历这些波折。)”可知，杰克把自己的困难都告诉了埃尔南德斯女士，后者安慰杰克说：“这些困难波折教会你如何继续前行。”故Detours意思是“意外的困难”。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广东江门·期中） “I’m going to fail!” My best friend cried. She and I had this conversation almost every day while we were in high school. The truth was that my friend never failed in any subjects. I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist (完美主义者). What she fails to understand is that a lot of good can come from failures. For example, failure can help build relationships. Once I was cooking dinner for a friend, I was tired, and several dishes I tried to make turned out bad. I grew more and more upset until my friend told me that I shouldn’t worry. She cared more about our friendship than the dishes. That day, I learned that failure doesn’t always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those words to me, I grew closer to her. Failure can make success evermore exciting. Every few years, there would be an important test in the PE class at our school. Students had to run a mile within eight minutes. I was never good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out regularly, and yet still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, because I had to overcome failure to reach it. Now it’s clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It’s not an end — it can be a beginning. 10．What did the author finally get from a failed cooking? A．Worries. B．A closer friendship. C．Bad feelings. D．More experience. 11．Why did the author feel excited after the running test? A．Because she could work out regularly. B．Because she received honey as a reward. C．Because she achieved success after many failures. D．Because she got another chance to take the test. 12．What does the underlined word “overcome” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Successfully deal with. B．Quickly respond to. C．Narrowly escape from D．Eagerly come up with. 13．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．to show the negative effects of failures B．to point out her best friends fear of failures C．to introduce different types of failures D．to encourage the readers to face failures bravely 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述朋友和自己的经历来告诉我们要勇敢的面对失败，因为失败也能让我们学到很多事情。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“That day, I learned that failure doesn’t always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those words to me, I grew closer to her.(那天，我明白了失败并不总是让人讨厌你。事实上，在她对我说了这些话之后，我和她更亲近了)”可知，作者从一次失败的烹饪中得到了更亲密的友谊。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“I was never good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out regularly, and yet still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that.(我一直不擅长跑步，所以直到第三年我每次都失败。然后我开始定期锻炼，但那一年还是失败了。然而，几天后，老师给了我和其他一些学生另一个机会去跑步，我终于通过了！你无法想象在那之后我有多兴奋)”可知，作者在跑步测试后感到兴奋是因为她在多次失败后获得了成功。故选C。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that.(然而，几天后，老师给了我和其他一些学生另一个机会去跑步，我终于通过了！你无法想象在那之后我有多兴奋)”可知，作者最终通过了，说明成功应对了失败。故划线词意思是“成功应对”，故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now it’s clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It’s not an end — it can be a beginning.(现在很清楚地看到，失败可以给我们很好的教训。这不是结束，而是开始)”并结合作者自己的经历可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励读者勇敢地面对失败。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——社区发展与社会公益 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·天津·期中） Ashley Liberto and her dog Bentley have been inseparable since she got him eight years ago. When Bentley had trouble walking a few years ago, Liberto was worried. “I took him to the pet hospital. He was diagnosed (诊断) with an amputated (截肢) right elbow and would need a prosthetic leg,” Liberto says. Luckily, the surgery (外科手术) was a success. After Bentley started moving again on three legs, Liberto decided to get a custom prosthetic leg (定制的假肢) for him. When she saw the cost of custom dog prosthetics, the teacher at Providence Day School in Charlotte, North Carolina reached out to some of her former students for help in finding a more affordable choice. Providence Day School has a class focused on computer- aided design (计算机辅助设计) and 3D printing. The teacher, Todd Johnson, says, “It’s an introductory level class that teaches students to make basic shapes using the technology. But when Liberto suggested trying to make a prosthetic leg for her dog, the students were excited to help and try something new.” “I thought it was a chance for the students to see a real- world application of what they were learning at school. I knew once the students started thinking about it seriously, they would come up with excellent designs,” Johnson says. The class broke up into small groups to come up with designs for Bentley. Team leader Brandon Hollis and his group came up with the winning design. Hollis group spent weeks creating a prosthetic leg for Bentley. “It fit way better than I could have hoped for. It still needs some small changes, and then it should fit perfectly,” Hollis says. The students hope to have a finished custom ( adj.量身设计的) and comfortable prosthetic leg for Bentley in the next few weeks. Even though the class has ended, the young designers have continued the project on their own time. 1．What happened to Bentley? A．He was hit by a car. B．He had a terrible illness. C．He got lost on his way home. D．He got separated from his owner. 2．What did Liberto do for Bentley? A．She provided some students to play with him. B．She tried to get a new leg for him. C．She gave him some walking training. D．She found a new home for him. 3．How did the students feel about making a leg? A．It was a piece of cake to them. B．They were excited to try something new prosthetic C．They didn’t take it seriously. D．It was too hard for them to finish. 4．What does Johnson expect of his students? A．They can put what they’re learning in the classroom into practice. B．They can think carefully about what they want to learn. C．They can pay some attention to animal protection. D．They can develop new 3D printing technology. 5．What is Hollis and his group’s plan for the next few weeks? A．Sharing their design with others. B．Offering free design courses. C．Making their design better. D．Introducing a new design. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了阿什利·利伯托的狗宾利需假肢，她向母校求助，该校学生利用 3D 打印技术为其设计假肢，希望几周内完成合适的成品。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Bentley had trouble walking a few years ago, Liberto was worried. “I took him to the pet hospital. He was diagnosed (诊断) with an amputated (截肢) right elbow and would need a prosthetic leg,” Liberto says.( 几年前，当宾利走路有困难时，利伯托很担心。“我带他去了宠物医院。它被诊断出右肘截肢，需要一条义肢，”利伯托说。)”可知，宾利是生病了，需要截肢并安装假肢。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After Bentley started moving again on three legs, Liberto decided to get a custom prosthetic leg (定制的假肢) for him.( 在宾利重新开始用三条腿走路后，利伯托决定为它定制一条义肢。)”可知，利伯托努力为宾利找一条新的腿（假肢）。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when Liberto suggested trying to make a prosthetic leg for her dog, the students were excited to help and try something new.( 但当利伯托建议为她的狗做一条义肢时，学生们很高兴能帮忙，尝试一些新的东西。)”可知，学生们对于尝试制作新的假肢很兴奋。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I thought it was a chance for the students to see a real-world application of what they were learning at school.( 我认为这是一个机会，让学生们看到他们在学校学到的东西在现实世界中的应用。)”可知，约翰逊期望学生们能将在课堂上学到的知识应用到实际中。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““It fit way better than I could have hoped for. It still needs some small changes, and then it should fit perfectly,” Hollis says.( “它比我希望的要合适得多。它仍然需要一些小的改变，然后它应该完美地适合，”霍利斯说。)”以及最后一段中 “The students hope to have a finished custom ( adj.量身设计的) and comfortable prosthetic leg for Bentley in the next few weeks.( 学生们希望在接下来的几周内为宾利量身设计一个舒适的假肢。)”可推知，霍利斯和他的团队接下来几周的计划是让他们的设计变得更好。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期中）Several women sat outside a green medical building waiting for the mother-to-mother group meeting to start. Each one held a baby clothed in bright colors. They chatted happily while they waited for the rest of the mothers to arrive. The mother-to-mother group would teach them how to give nutritious meals to their children. The mother leading the group, Sein Win Mya, is strong and energetic. She also taught women from nearby villages by using an informative flip chart (活动挂图) provided by Samaritan’s Purse. Her daughter, who is about seven or eight years old, sat among the mothers and their children. She held a 3-year-old boy on her leg to feed him water. Meanwhile, she made a face to make a girl not cry. At the end of the class, she held a sleeping baby. The goal of the mother-to-mother group in Myanmar is to reduce malnutrition (营养不良), thus reducing its effects on a child’s physical and mental development. Cultural practices and traditions in Myanmar encourage mothers to feed young children only white rice which makes them have few micronutrients (微量营养元素) such as iron and vitamins. Sein Win Mya taught women to be leaders through her example — leading her community to richer futures. After the class finished, Sein Win Mya led the women on a tour of the village and to her family’s betel nut field — a local crop similar to the tobacco plant. They passed through farms and palm tree fields that were flooded during the rainy season. Sein Win Mya led them through her prized produce, confidently showing off her beautiful lines of bright green leaves. One older man from Sein Win Mya’s community said that he never dreamed of such a good life. Thanks to Sein Win Mya, his grandson is no longer eating only rice like before and now can eat healthy and nutritious meals. All are Sein Win Mya’s contribution. 6．The mothers gathered together to ________. A．share parenting experiences B．understand the mother-to-mother group C．teach how to provide nutritious food for children D．learn how to provide nutritious meals for their children 7．When Sein Win Mya was teaching, her daughter ________. A．made faces to kill time B．helped care for other children C．listened to what she said carefully D．helped her mother prepare teaching aids 8．The mother-to-mother group aims to ________. A．teach women new cooking skills B．improve women’s education levels C．let the children in Myanmar grow healthily D．help children develop a positive mental attitude 9．Through her example, Sein Win Mya wanted more women ________. A．to learn more new survival skills B．to educate their children correctly C．to use their creativity to plant new crops D．to lead their communities to better futures 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．C 9．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了缅甸的Sein Win Mya领导一个母亲互助小组，致力于通过教育和示范来改善儿童的营养状况，减少营养不良对儿童身心发展的影响，带领社区走向更好未来。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The mother-to-mother group would teach them how to give nutritious meals to their children.(这个母亲对母亲的团体将教她们如何给孩子们提供营养餐。)”可知，这些母亲们聚集在一起是为了学习如何为她们的孩子提供营养餐。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The mother leading the group, Sein Win Mya, is strong and energetic. She also taught women from nearby villages by using an informative flip chart (活动挂图) provided by Samaritan’s Purse. Her daughter, who is about seven or eight years old, sat among the mothers and their children. She held a 8-year-old boy on her leg to feed him water. Meanwhile, she made a face to make a girl not cry.(领头的母亲盛温玛（Sein Win Mya）身体强壮，精力充沛。她还用撒玛利亚救援会提供的信息挂图教附近村庄的妇女。她大约七八岁的女儿坐在母亲们和她们的孩子中间。她把一个3岁的男孩抱在腿上喂他喝水。与此同时，她做了个鬼脸让一个女孩不要哭。)”可知，当Sein Win Mya在教学时，她的女儿在帮忙照顾其他孩子。故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The goal of the mother-to-mother group in Myanmar is to reduce malnutrition (营养不良), thus reducing its effects on a child’s physical and mental development.(缅甸母亲对母亲团体的目标是减少营养不良，从而减少其对儿童身心发展的影响。)”可知，母亲对母亲团体的目标是让缅甸的孩子们健康成长。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Sein Win Mya taught women to be leaders through her example — leading her community to richer futures.(Sein Win Mya以身作则，教导女性成为领导者——带领她的社区走向更美好的未来。)”可知，通过自己的榜样作用，Sein Win Mya希望更多的女性能够带领她们的社区走向更美好的未来。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广西崇左·期中） Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying in Zhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng, Wang’s teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上传) Wang’s picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has been nicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens (网友), became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “liked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times. After hearing Wang’s story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation (捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter. By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.” 10．What was the weather like on Monday morning? A．Snowy and cold. B．Rainy and cold. C．Snowy but warm. D．Rainy but warm. 11．Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom? A．Because he lost his books . B．Because he told a joke. C．Because he looked funny. D．Because he was late. 12．The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children ________. A．stay happy B．keep healthy C．stay educated D．keep warm in winter 13．What can we know from the text? A．Zhaotong’s weather in winter is warm. B．Wang’s future life may become better. C．Wang’s village had electricity before. D．Few people shared the boy’s picture 【答案】10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了云南昭通“冰花男孩”王福满冒严寒上学，照片引发关注，基金会为此开展募捐活动。。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. (2018年1月8日星期一早上，他冒着零下9摄氏度的天气，花了一个多小时才到达学校)”和第二段中“When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake. (当他到达时，他的头发和眉毛都被雪花完全冻住了)”可知，周一早上的天气是下雪且寒冷的。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake. This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. (当他到达时，他的头发和眉毛都被雪花完全冻住了。这让他的16个同学大笑起来)”可知，王福满走进教室时同学们笑是因为他的头发和眉毛都被雪花完全冻住了，看起来很好笑。故选C项。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter. (该基金会承诺给每个贫困儿童500元(75美元)，帮助他们在冬天保暖)”可知，基金会举办公开募捐活动是为了帮助贫困儿童在冬天保暖。故选D项。 13．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.” (王的村庄现在有了电和自来水，“……我的家人正在得到帮助，因为在学校附近正在建一座新房子”，王说，“我认为我们的生活会变得更好”)”可知，王福满得到了帮助，他对未来充满希望，说明他未来的生活可能会变得更好。故选B项。 主题01 人与社会——社会责任与贡献 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·天津西青·期中） Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a very rich family. As a child, she was home-schooled by her father. As Florence grew up and became a young woman, she decided she wanted to train to become a nurse. In 1853, the Crimean War started, and soon many injured British soldiers were suffering in terrible conditions. Florence, now a trained nurse, was asked to go to Crimea to help. She agreed and was sent to Barrack Hospital. Once there, Florence saw thousands of sick and wounded men, and there were not even enough beds for all of them. The hospital was dirty, smelly and full of mice. A lot of the men were dying from diseases they had caught in the hospital. At first, all Florence and the other nurses were allowed to do was to clean. They were not allowed to nurse the sick men. But as more and more sick and injured soldiers started to arrive, the doctors were forced to ask Florence for help. Florence and her team were very serious about their work and they all wore the same uniform. Thanks to their efforts, the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers, who thought Florence was a very special lady for what she had done for them. When Florence arrived home, she was a heroine. The people loved her and she became very famous. She had songs written about her and received lots of awards (奖), even one from the Queen herself. But Florence didn’t like being famous and was only interested in improving more and more hospitals. She wrote letters to hospital managers all around England to put pressure on them to change their hospitals for the better. Florence even set up her own training school for nurses, at Saint Thomas Hospital in London. Florence will always be remembered for changing the health system forever. 1．What happened to Florence when she was a child? A．She lived an unhappy life. B．She was taught to be a doctor. C．She was educated at home. D．She suffered from a terrible illness. 2．Why did Florence go to Crimea? A．She had to work there. B．She wanted to be a soldier. C．She needed to see a doctor. D．She was sent there to train soldiers. 3．What did Florence do at Barrack Hospital when she first got there? A．She learned to be a doctor. B．She nursed sick people. C．She helped doctors do treatment. D．She did some cleaning. 4．What did Florence do at Saint Thomas Hospital? A．She wrote to sick soldiers. B．She taught people how to be a good nurse. C．She got extra training. D．She improved the hospital’s training system. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的个人经历以及她为救助战时士兵所做的工作，为改善医院、改变卫生系统所做的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a very rich family. As a child, she was home-schooled by her father.(弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔于1820年出生在一个非常富有的家庭。小时候，她在家接受父亲的教育)”可知，弗洛伦斯小时候是在家接受教育的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Florence, now a trained nurse, was asked to go to Crimea to help. She agreed and was sent to Barrack Hospital.(弗洛伦斯现在是一名训练有素的护士，她被要求前往克里米亚提供帮助。她同意了，被送到了巴拉克医院)”可知，弗洛伦斯去克里米亚是因为她是护士，她被派去那里工作。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“At first, all Florence and the other nurses were allowed to do was to clean. They were not allowed to nurse the sick men.(起初，弗洛伦斯和其他护士只被允许打扫卫生。他们不被允许看护病人)”可知，弗洛伦斯刚到巴拉克医院时做的是打扫卫生的工作。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Florence even set up her own training school for nurses, at Saint Thomas Hospital in London.(弗洛伦斯甚至在伦敦的圣托马斯医院建立了自己的护士培训学校)”可知，弗洛伦斯在圣托马斯医院建立了自己的护士培训学校，肯定是为了培训护士,教人们如何成为一名好护士。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山西忻州·期中） I was talking to my friend Sandy about our children. Sandy had recently moved into the neighborhood with her four kids: Jane, Joe, Christopher, and her youngest, eighteen-month-old Kim. She seemed happy to have kids nearby, until she saw our dog, Sam. Sam, our shiny black dog, loved to play with the kids and protect them. But Sandy had a fear of dogs, and she started to back away as Sam approached. I grabbed Sam’s collar and made him sit, trying to ease Sandy’s discomfort. Sandy mentioned that she needed to get her kids ready to go to their grandmother’s house. Just then, her door opened and her kids rushed out. Sandy shouted at them to stay away from Sam. The kids huddled (蜷缩) around their mom, looking at Sam cautiously (谨慎地). Emma, my daughter showed the kids how to approach a dog slowly and properly. The kids were won over by Sam’s friendly nature, but I knew it would take some time for Sandy to change her viewpoint. After that incident, we made sure that Sam didn’t go near our neighbors without me present. One day, when the kids were playing across the street. I noticed the eighteen-month-old baby heading towards a small hill. I saw a car approaching and shouted to everyone to watch the baby. Without hesitation, Sam rushed out the door and ran across the street towards the baby. He ran to the boy in time to gently push the baby away from the oncoming car. The kids cheered, completely unaware of the danger. They thought Sam had come to play. Within a year, Sam had made friends with all the neighbors. Even Sandy started to warm up to Sam and would occasionally come over to give him a hug. 5．How did Sandy feel when she first saw Sam? A．Excited. B．Amazed. C．Fearful. D．Awkward. 6．What did Sandy’s kids do at the sight of Sam? A．They looked at Sam with watchful eyes. B．They formed a circle to protect their mom. C．They held him by the collar to make him sit. D．They prepared to escape from the dog. 7．How did Sam save Kim from danger? A．By running in front of the car to block it. B．By pushing the baby away from the car. C．By rushing to Sandy’s house to get help. D．By jumping to the front of the coming car. 8．Which of the following can best describe Sam? A．Dangerous. B．Funny. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述新邻居家的女主人桑迪很怕作者家的狗萨姆，但是后来萨姆却在关键时刻救了桑迪的孩子，从此桑迪改变了对萨姆的看法，萨姆也成了邻居的好朋友。。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But Sandy had a fear of dogs, and she started to back away as Sam approached. (但是桑迪害怕狗，当萨姆走近时，她开始往后退)”可知，桑迪第一次见到萨姆时很害怕。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The kids huddled (蜷缩) around their mom, looking at Sam cautiously (谨慎地). (孩子们蜷缩在妈妈身边，谨慎地看着萨姆。)”可知，由于妈妈的警告，所以桑迪的孩子们看到萨姆的时候都非常警惕地注视着它。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Without hesitation, Sam rushed out the door and ran across the street towards the baby.  He ran to the boy in time to gently push the baby away from the oncoming car. (萨姆毫不犹豫地冲出门，穿过马路向婴儿跑去。他及时跑向男孩，轻轻地把婴儿从迎面而来的汽车旁推开。)”可知，萨姆冲到她面前把桑迪推离汽车，让她脱离了危险。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Without hesitation, Sam rushed out the door and ran across the street towards the baby.  He ran to the boy in time to gently push the baby away from the oncoming car. (萨姆毫不犹豫地冲出门，穿过马路向婴儿跑去。他及时跑向男孩，轻轻地把婴儿从迎面而来的汽车旁推开。)”可知，萨姆从危险中救出了孩子，萨姆很勇敢。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期中） When I was six, a new family moved into the house next door. There was a girl, Frances, who was about my age. We became best friends soon. I was too young to notice what was really going on in her life, but my mother did. Mom noticed that Frances never invited anyone into the rooms they lived in. Her mother went off to work very early in the morning and came back looking very tired. And her two older brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home. Frances was always hungry, and her clothes were often too small. Mom never mentioned anything to me. But she once asked, “Would you mind if I give Frances some of your clothes?” I agreed. Frances seemed very thrilled. Mom began to spend more time with Frances and me. She and I had always done kitchen jobs together, but now the three of us were making biscuits and washing up together. Frances was always willing to help, as long as Mom was there. And sometimes they would just sit together and talk while I was off doing something else. That routine (日常事物) continued until we were both teenagers. But then her mother decided they were moving back to Ireland. We promised to write to each other. One day, my mom called to say that a letter from Frances had arrived. “When I was four, my father died. My mother tried to make money. She ignored me. Your mom saved me. Without her love and attention, I would never have survived (渡过难关) my childhood. I have used your mother’s example as my guide to care for people around me.” My mother taught me many things, but this was her most valuable lesson. Watching her example and seeing the life-changing results were powerful. We will never know how or when our acts of kindness will influence others, but it’s always better to try. 9．What do we know about Frances’ family from Paragraph 2? A．They were unhappy to come to a new place. B．They tried hard to avoid their neighbors. C．They cared little about each other. D．They lived a very difficult life. 10．What does the underlined word “thrilled” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Proud. B．Excited. C．Calm. D．Confident. 11．What does the author try to show through the fourth paragraph? A．Frances was a good helper. B．Frances was used to the routine. C．Frances got on well with the author’s mom. D．Frances was good at doing kitchen jobs. 12．What can be the best title for the text? A．Teaching by example B．Lifelong friends C．My mom’s life D．Being brave to try 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者与邻居女孩Frances的友谊以及作者母亲对Frances的关爱和帮助，展现了人与人之间的温情与善良，以及这些行为对Frances人生的深远影响。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Her mother went off to work very early in the morning and came back looking very tired. And her two older brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home. Frances was always hungry, and her clothes were often too small.(她妈妈一大早就出门上班，回来时看上去疲惫不堪。她的两个哥哥穿着脏衣服，还总是不在家。Frances总是饿着肚子，她的衣服也常常小得不合身)”可知，Frances的妈妈工作辛苦，哥哥们穿着脏衣服，Frances总是饿着且衣服不合身，这些都表明他们一家生活很艰难。故选D。 10．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Her mother went off to work very early in the morning and came back looking very tired. And her two older brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home. Frances was always hungry, and her clothes were often too small.(她妈妈一大早就出门上班，回来时看上去疲惫不堪。她的两个哥哥穿着脏衣服，还总是不在家。Frances总是饿着肚子，她的衣服也常常小得不合身)”可知，Frances的衣服太小，家庭生活很艰难；再根据划线单词上文“But she once asked, “Would you mind if I give Frances some of your clothes?” I agreed.(但有一次她问我：“要是我把你的一些衣服给弗朗西丝，你介意吗？”我同意了。)”可知，作者的妈妈打算送一些作者的衣服给Frances。由此可推测，对于生活条件不好的Frances来说，能得到衣服是一件开心、令人兴奋的事。选项B“excited”意为“兴奋的”，与此相符。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Mom began to spend more time with Frances and me. She and I had always done kitchen jobs together, but now the three of us were making biscuits and washing up together. Frances was always willing to help, as long as Mom was there. And sometimes they would just sit together and talk while I was off doing something else.(妈妈开始花更多时间和我还有Frances在一起。以前我和妈妈总是一起做厨房的活儿，但现在我们三个一起做饼干、洗碗。只要妈妈在，Frances总是很乐意帮忙。有时候，我去做别的事，她们俩就会坐在一起聊天)”可知，作者的妈妈花更多时间和Frances在一起，她们一起做各种事，还会一起聊天，这些都表明Frances和作者的妈妈相处得很好。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“My mother taught me many things, but this was her most valuable lesson. Watching her example and seeing the life-changing results were powerful. We will never know how or when our acts of kindness will influence others, but it’s always better to try.(母亲教会了我许多东西，但这是她传授的最宝贵的一课。目睹她树立的榜样，看到其带来改变人生的成效，这种力量无比强大。我们永远无从知晓善举会以何种方式、在何时影响他人，但尝试总归是好的)”以及全文内容可知，文章讲述了作者妈妈注意到邻居Frances家的困境后，通过给Frances衣服、与她一起做事、交流等方式，给予她关爱和帮助，改变了Frances的童年。Frances在信中提到以作者妈妈为榜样去关心他人，这充分体现了作者妈妈以身作则的行为产生的深远影响。选项A“Teaching by example(以身作则)”能够很好地概括全文主旨。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——个人认知与人际相处 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·北京·期中） The summer I was ten, my mother decided to bring us to the world of art. My brother and I were not very excited when we realized what my mother meant. What she meant was not that we could take drawing classes or painting classes but that we would have to spend one afternoon a week with her at the Fine Arts Museum. Before each visit to the museum, she made us read about artists and painting styles. It was almost as bad as being in school. Who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists when you could be with your friends at the swimming pool? First we had to read about ancient Egyptians (古埃及人) and their strange way of painting faces and then go to look at them at the museum. My 12-year-old brother thought this was so funny, but I was not interested. Later we had to learn about artists in the Middle Ages who painted people wearing strange long clothing. We had to look at pictures of fat babies with wings and curly (鬈曲的) hair and with no clothes on flying around the edges of paintings. I certainly couldn’t see what was so great about art. On our last visit to. the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary. In it, a woman was reading to a child. The colors were soft and gentle, and you could tell by the mother’s expression how happy she was just to be with the child. I couldn’t stop looking at this painting! I wanted to see every painting Mary had ever made! It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much. 1．What was the writer’s experience in the museum before the last visit? A．She came to feel her mother’s love. B．She liked many paintings. C．She hardly enjoyed herself. D．She could understand the pictures of fat babies. 2．What made the writer go through a change that summer? A．One of Mary’s paintings. B．A strange way of painting. C．Artists in the Middle Ages. D．Her mother’s instruction. 3．From the text, we can see ________. A．the importance of curiosity B．the effect of art C．the value of learning D．the power of family education 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者十岁那年，在母亲的带领下逐渐发现艺术之美，最终被一幅画作深深打动的经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was almost as bad as being in school. Who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists when you could be with your friends at the swimming pool?(这几乎和在学校一样糟糕。当你能和朋友们在游泳池玩的时候，谁愿意把暑假花在思考艺术家上呢？)”以及第二段中的“My 12-year-old brother thought this was so funny, but I was not interested.(我12岁的哥哥觉得这很有趣，但我并不感兴趣。)”可知，作者觉得去博物馆思考艺术家就跟在学校一样糟，而且他觉得那些艺术品没有意思，由此可知，作者在最后一次参观博物馆之前觉得几乎没有什么乐趣。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“On our last visit to. the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary.(在我们最后一次参观博物馆时，当我看到一位名叫玛丽的女性创作的一幅画时，发生了一件事情。)”以及下文的“I couldn’t stop looking at this painting! I wanted to see every painting Mary had ever made! It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much.(我无法停止看这幅画！我想要看玛丽曾经创作的每一幅画！浏览了这么多画作后，能找到一位如此吸引我的画家，真的很值得。)”可知，作者描述了她在看到玛丽的一幅画作后，对艺术的看法发生了根本性的改变，她开始对这位画家的作品产生了浓厚的兴趣，由此可知，是玛丽的一幅画作让作者在那个夏天发生了变化。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much.(浏览了这么多画作后，能找到一位如此吸引我的画家，真的很值得。)”可知，作者从最初对艺术并不感兴趣，到最终也能找到触动心灵的艺术作品，强调了艺术对个人的影响和价值。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建泉州·期中） I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to take mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 4．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing (分析)  causes. B．By showing differences. C．By describing a process (过程). D．By following time order. 5．What made Kate so angry one evening? A．She couldn’t find her books. B．She heard the author shouting loud. C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed. 6．The author tidied up the room most probably because__________. A．She was scared by Kate’s anger. B．She hated herself for being so messy C．She wanted to show her care D．She was asked by Kate to do so 7．What might be the best title for the story? A．My Friend Kate B．Hard Work Pays Off C．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和室友不同的生活习惯和由此引发的矛盾，再到和室友很好的相处，作者从中学到的和室友相处的关键：让步，清理，坚持。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.(我从来都不太整洁，而我的室友凯特却非常有条理。她的每件东西都有自己的位置，但我的东西总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给所有东西都贴上了标签。我总是寻找一切。随着时间的推移，凯特变得更整洁，而我变得更凌乱。她把我的脏衣服推开，我把书放在她整洁的桌子上。我们都厌倦了对方。)”可知，在第一段作者是通过对比自己和室友的不同展开的。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” (很快，我听到她尖叫道：“把你的鞋子拿走！为什么在我床底下！”)”可知，一天晚上凯特如此生气是因为作者把鞋子放在了她的床底下。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart.(突然，一种温暖的同情在我心中升起)”可知，作者同情室友，想表示对室友的关心，所以作者整理了房间。故选C项。 7．主旨大意题。本文作者讲述了自己和室友不同的生活习惯和由此引发的矛盾，再到和室友很好的相处，作者从中学到的和室友相处的关键：让步，清理，坚持。所以，用B项“Learning to Be Roommates(学会与室友相处)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·贵州贵阳·期中） I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood- like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had merely a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In the fourth grade, I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. While the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning and I love how much they mean to me now. 8．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She felt uneasy about owning old books. B．She had a poor relationship with her parents. C．She grew fondness for reading classics. D．She was often gifted old books by her parents. 9．How did the author feel when seeing her parents’ Harry Potter series in the fourth grade? A．Confused. B．Satisfied. C．Discouraged. D．Astonished. 10．What does the author mean by saying “I was kind of a changed woman” in Paragraph 3? A．She started to enjoy reading fictional books. B．She began to ignore the appearance of the books. C．She accepted putting old books on her shelf. D．She figured out what she truly wanted to read. 11．What is the best title of the text? A．My Passion for Reading B．My Connection With Parents via Old Books C．My Encounter With the Harry Potter Series D．My Journey With Old Books 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对旧书的态度从讨厌到喜欢的转变过程。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood- like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort.(我过去讨厌旧书。不过，我说的“旧书”并不是指经典作品。我指的是那些有黄页、断了书脊和奇怪木头气味的书，你需要小心不要把它们弄破，因为它们已经磨损得很厉害了，会给你带来严重的不适)”可知，对作者来说，拥有旧书是一件令人不舒服，不自在的事。故选 A项。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the fourth grade, I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books.(在四年级的时候，我已经准备好去探索一个新的阅读世界，一个超越儿童章节书和青少年主题的世界。就在那时，我找到了我父母的整个哈利波特系列的旧拷贝。从视觉上看，我父母的书是我最大的噩梦。我记得我当时对自己说，我是不可能读懂这些书的。然而，我最终不得不接受这样一个事实：如果我想读这个系列，我就必须读我父母的书。于是，我开始了阅读七本旧书的可怕旅程)”可知，这套书的破旧程度让作者觉得无法阅读。由此可推知，作者在看到这套书的破旧样子后感到很沮丧。故选C项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books.(我仍然非常不喜欢旧书，但是整个哈利波特系列的情节吸引了我，我几乎完全忘记了这些书的样子。到最后，我已经在我的房间里用了整整一个书架来放哈利波特的书)”可知，是对“I was kind of a changed woman”的解释：作者之所以说自己有点变了是因为她开始更多地关注书的内容而忽略书的品相了。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“I used to hate old books.(我过去讨厌旧书)”以及最后一段“Now, I love old books. While the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning and I love how much they mean to me now.(现在，我喜欢旧书。虽然书的封面有时磨损得很厉害，以至于你几乎看不清书名，但你还是能理解书的内容。毕竟，一本旧书是几代读者的代表，他们选择生活在一个特定的虚构世界里，因为它包含的故事就是那么好。旧书是有意义的，我喜欢它们现在对我的意义)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述作者对旧书的感情变化。她一开始讨厌旧书，但是在看了父母给她的《哈利·波特》系列的旧书后，就开始更多地关注书的内容而不是书的品相，这次经历改变了她对旧书的感情。D项“My Journey With Old Books(我的旧书之旅)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·福建仙游第一中学·期中） When 16-year-old Kai returned to his hometown after three years, the first thing he noticed was the river. Once the heart of the village—where kids swam, women washed clothes, and old men fished—the water now ran thick and brown, with plastic bags bobbing like sad balloons. “The new factory upstream dumps waste every night,” his grandma sighed, pointing to a rusty pipe sticking out of the riverbank. Kai remembered how the river used to sparkle. He’d spent summers catching minnows and watching dragonflies land on lily pads. Now, even the willow trees along the bank looked sick, their leaves yellow and wilted. “We can’t just watch it die,” he told his classmates when he visited his old school. They formed a group called “Clear Stream.” First, they mapped the pollution sources: the factory pipe, a drainage ditch from the market, and villagers tossing trash. Then, they took action. On weekends, they picked up garbage, their gloves turning black from the muck. They made posters with before-and-after photos of the river and hung them in the village square. “A dead river means dead crops and sick families,” the posters read. The factory owner ignored their letters at first. But when Kai and his friends stood outside the factory gates every morning, holding their posters and handing out leaflets to workers, he finally agreed to meet. “Installing a water filter will cost too much,” he grumbled. Kai showed him a study: polluted water was making villagers ill, and medical bills were rising. “Health is cheaper than a filter,” he said quietly. Months later, the filter was installed. The group kept cleaning, and villagers joined in—even the market traders started using biodegradable bags. One spring morning, Kai knelt by the river and saw a minnow dart past his hand. “It’s breathing again,” he whispered. That night, the village held a celebration by the water, and kids splashed in the shallows, just like old times. 1.Why did the river become polluted? A. Villagers overfished in the river. B. A factory dumped waste into it. C. Heavy rains caused mudslides. D. The willow trees died and rotted. 2.What did “Clear Stream” do FIRST to help the river? A. They installed a water filter for the factory. B. They asked villagers to stop using plastic bags. C. They identified where the pollution was coming from. D. They held a celebration by the river. 3.The underlined word “biodegradable” in Paragraph 5 probably means ______. A. easy to break down naturally B. cheap to produce C. colorful and attractive D. strong and durable 4.What can we infer from the story? A. Factories should be closed to protect rivers. B. Young people alone can solve environmental problems. C. Community effort is key to restoring nature. D. Rivers can clean themselves without human help. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Kai 和村民共同努力治理河流污染的故事，强调社区协作在环境保护中的核心作用，体现了 “人与自然共生需要集体行动” 的主题。 1．细节理解题。题目询问河流污染的原因。根据文章第一段 “‘The new factory upstream dumps waste every night,’ his grandma sighed, pointing to a rusty pipe sticking out of the riverbank.” 可知，奶奶明确指出上游工厂每晚向河流倾倒废物，且有生锈的管道作为证据。。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。题目考查 “清流小组” 的首要行动。根据第三段 “They formed a group called ‘Clear Stream.’ First, they mapped the pollution sources: the factory pipe, a drainage ditch from the market, and villagers tossing trash.” 可知，小组成立后的第一步是 “确定污染源”，包括工厂管道、市场排水沟和村民乱扔的垃圾。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “biodegradable” 的含义。该词修饰 “bags（袋子）”，结合上下文，小组的目标是减少河流污染，而村民之前使用的塑料袋是污染源之一。因此，此处的袋子应是 “可自然降解的”，以减少污染。“biodegradable” 意为 “可生物降解的”，与 A 选项 “easy to break down naturally” 含义一致。故选A项。 4.推理判断题。文章中，Kai 和同学发起行动，工厂最终配合，村民也加入清理，共同使河流恢复生机。这一过程体现了 “社区共同努力是恢复自然的关键”。排除其他选项：A 选项 “为保护河流应关闭工厂” 过于绝对，文中工厂通过安装过滤器解决了问题，而非关闭；B 选项 “仅年轻人能解决环境问题” 错误，村民和工厂的参与同样重要；D 选项 “河流无需人类帮助可自我净化” 与文中河流因污染严重、需人类干预才能恢复的情节矛盾，故排除。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期中） Lila’s family owned a small farm on the edge of Greenpine Forest. For generations, the forest had kept their land fertile: its trees held the soil in place, and birds ate pests that would have destroyed crops. But last year, everything changed. A mysterious disease killed the pine trees, and with them, the birds vanished. Soon, bugs swarmed the farm, eating the corn and wheat. “We’ll have to use chemical pesticides,” Lila’s dad said, showing her a bottle labeled “Toxic—Use With Care.” Lila, 17, hated the idea. She’d read that pesticides kill bees and other helpful insects too. “What if there’s another way?” she asked her biology teacher, who suggested she research “natural pest control.” Lila spent weekends in the remaining forest, observing. She noticed that oak trees, which hadn’t been affected by the disease, were home to ladybugs—a bug that eats aphids, the pest destroying their crops. She also found that marigold flowers, which grew wild in the forest, repelled beetles. She convinced her dad to let her try an experiment. They planted marigolds around the farm and built small wooden houses for ladybugs. At first, the bugs kept coming, and Lila’s dad groaned. But after a month, the aphid population dropped. By summer, the ladybugs had multiplied, and the marigolds were in full bloom—no pesticides needed. Other farmers noticed. “How did you do it?” they asked. Lila led workshops, teaching them to work with the forest’s natural helpers instead of against them. A year later, Greenpine Forest was slowly recovering, and the farms thrived. “The forest was trying to help us all along,” Lila smiled. 5.Why did pests swarm Lila’s farm? A. The family stopped using pesticides. B. The pine trees (and the birds that ate pests) died. C. Lila planted marigolds that attracted bugs. D. The soil became infertile due to overfarming. 6.What was Lila’s “natural pest control” method? A. She used chemical pesticides secretly. B. She planted oak trees to attract birds. C. She introduced ladybugs and planted marigolds. D. She asked other farmers to help catch pests. 7.The underlined word “repelled” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. attracted and killed B. scared away C. fed on D. helped grow 8.What does the story suggest about nature? A. It is fragile and easily destroyed by humans. B. It contains its own solutions to balance ecosystems. C. It needs chemicals to stay healthy. D. It is separate from human farms and communities. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8.B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章通过 Lila 利用森林中的生物实现自然控虫的故事，展现了 “自然本身具有生态平衡的智慧，人类应与之协作而非对抗” 的理念。 5．细节理解题。题目询问害虫泛滥的原因。根据第一段 “A mysterious disease killed the pine trees, and with them, the birds vanished. Soon, bugs swarmed the farm...” 可知，松树死亡导致以害虫为食的鸟类消失，进而使害虫大量繁殖。故选B。 6．细节理解题。题目考查 Lila 的 “自然控虫法”。根据第四段 “They planted marigolds around the farm and built small wooden houses for ladybugs.” 可知，她的方法是种植万寿菊和引入瓢虫。排除其他选项：A 选项 “秘密使用化学农药” 与她反对农药的态度矛盾；B 选项 “种植橡树吸引鸟类” 文中未提及，橡树是她观察到的瓢虫栖息地；D 选项 “请其他农民帮忙捕虫” 并非她的方法，故排除。故选C。 7．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “repelled” 的含义。该词所在句提到万寿菊 “repelled beetles”，而前文说明甲虫是危害作物的害虫，Lila 利用万寿菊进行自然控虫，因此万寿菊的作用应是 “驱赶” 甲虫。“repelled” 意为 “驱赶”，与 B 选项 “scared away” 一致。故选B。 8. 推理判断题。题目要求推断故事对自然的暗示。文章中，Lila 发现森林中的瓢虫和万寿菊能自然控制害虫，说明 “自然本身包含平衡生态系统的解决方案”。 排除其他选项：A 选项 “自然脆弱易被人类破坏” 虽有一定道理，但非故事核心；C 选项 “自然需要化学物质维持健康” 与 Lila 用自然方法成功控虫的情节矛盾；D 选项 “自然与人类农场和社区分离” 错误，故事强调两者的相互依存，故排除。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·山东烟台·期中） Every autumn, 10,000 migratory birds stopped at Lake Miru to rest before flying south. For 17-year-old Tara, who lived nearby, it was the most magical time: flocks of geese filled the sky, and ducks floated on the lake like a golden carpet. But last year, only a few hundred arrived. “What’s happening?” Tara asked her grandpa, who’d watched the migration for 50 years. He pointed to the construction site on the lake’s east bank. “They’re building a mall. The birds used to nest in those reeds, but now they’re gone.” Tara checked the reeds—they’d been bulldozed, and the lake’s water level had dropped because the builders were using it for concrete. Tara joined a birdwatching club online and learned that Lake Miru was a critical stop on the birds’ 10,000-kilometer journey. Without food and rest, many would die. “We have to act fast,” she told the club. They started a petition, collecting 5,000 signatures from locals who loved the birds. Tara presented it to the mayor, along with photos of the empty lake. “The mall will bring jobs,” he said. “The birds will find another lake.” “What if they don’t?” Tara replied, showing him a study on declining bird populations. The mayor agreed to a compromise: the mall could be built, but the west bank of the lake would be turned into a protected wetland. Volunteers, including Tara, planted new reeds and installed a small pump to keep the water level stable. This autumn, Tara held her breath as she waited by the lake. Then, a V-formation of geese appeared. Soon, the sky was filled with birds. “They remembered,” she cried. Grandpa nodded: “Nature comes back when we make space for it.” 9.Why did fewer migratory birds stop at Lake Miru last year? A. The lake water became polluted. B. A mall was built on the west bank. C. Their nesting reeds were destroyed, and water levels dropped. D. Tara and her grandpa scared them away. 10.What did Tara do to help the birds? A. She bulldozed the construction site. B. She collected signatures and convinced the mayor to protect part of the lake. C. She moved the birds to another lake. D. She stopped the mall construction completely. 11.The underlined word “critical” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. dangerous B. unimportant C. essential D. temporary 12.What is the story mainly about? A. Migratory birds need humans to survive. B. Balancing development and nature is possible with effort. C. Malls should never be built near natural habitats. D. Young people know more about nature than adults. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了 Tara 为保护候鸟栖息地与城市发展协商的故事，强调 “人类可以通过努力在发展与自然保护之间找到平衡”。 9．细节理解题。题目询问鸟类减少的原因。根据第二段 “the birds used to nest in those reeds, but now they’re gone... the lake’s water level had dropped because the builders were using it for concrete” 可知，芦苇被摧毁、水位下降导致鸟类不再停留。排除其他选项：A 选项 “湖水污染” 文中未提及；B 选项 “西岸建商场” 错误，商场建在东岸；D 选项 “Tara 和爷爷吓跑鸟类” 与文意相反，他们深爱鸟类，故排除。故选C。 10．细节理解题。题目考查 Tara 的行动。根据第四段 “They started a petition, collecting 5,000 signatures... Tara presented it to the mayor... The mayor agreed to... the west bank... turned into a protected wetland” 可知，她收集签名并说服市长保护湖的西岸。排除其他选项：A 选项 “推平建筑工地” 文中未提及；C 选项 “将鸟类转移到其他湖” 错误，她的目标是让鸟类留在原地；D 选项 “完全阻止商场建设” 与 “商场可建但需保护湿地” 的妥协结果矛盾，故排除。故选B。 11．词义猜测题。题目要求推测 “critical” 的含义。该词所在句提到 “Lake Miru was a critical stop on the birds’ 10,000-kilometer journey. Without food and rest, many would die.”，说明这个湖泊对鸟类的长途迁徙至关重要，没有它，鸟类可能死亡。“critical” 意为 “至关重要的”，与 C 选项 “essential” 一致。 排除其他选项：A 选项 “危险的”、B 选项 “不重要的”、D 选项 “临时的” 均不符合 “没有它鸟类会死亡” 的语境，故排除。故选C。 12. 主旨大意题。题目要求概括故事主旨。文章中，Tara 通过努力促使商场建设与鸟类保护达成妥协，说明 “通过努力可以平衡发展与自然保护”。排除其他选项：A 选项 “候鸟生存依赖人类” 过于绝对，鸟类有自然迁徙能力，人类只需不破坏栖息地；C 选项 “商场绝不能建在自然栖息地附近” 与妥协结果矛盾；D 选项 “年轻人比成年人更懂自然” 并非故事核心，故排除。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解 记叙文 主题01 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昭通·期中） When Tom was a child, the river behind his village was his favorite place. He’d swim in its clear water, chase fish, and watch dragonflies dance above the waves. But five years ago, a small factory opened nearby. Waste water from the factory flowed into the river secretly. Soon, the water turned dark green, and a terrible smell filled the air. Fish disappeared, and even the reeds along the bank withered. “I can’t let this happen,” Tom, now a high school student, said to himself. He remembered his science teacher saying that polluted water harms both soil and people’s health. He talked to the village head, showing photos of the river before and after the pollution. The head sighed: “The factory brings income to the village.” Tom didn’t give up. He organized his classmates into a “River Protection Team.” They picked up trash along the river every weekend and put up signs that read “Protect Our River.” They also wrote a letter to the factory owner, attaching their photos of cleaning the river in the rain. At first, the owner ignored them. But when he saw the kids working tirelessly, he finally agreed to install a water treatment system. Three months later, the river began to clear. Last week, Tom saw a group of small fish swimming near the bank. “It’s smiling again,” he thought. 1.Why did the river turn dark green? A. The reeds withered and polluted it. B. The factory poured waste water into it. C. Too many fish died in the river. D. Villagers threw trash into it. 2. What did Tom’s team NOT do to protect the river? A. They picked up trash along the river. B. They put up protective signs. C. They closed the factory with the village head. D. They wrote a letter to the factory owner. 3. The underlined word “withered” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. grew taller B. turned green C. dried up D. spread out 4. What can we learn from the story? A. Factories should never be built in villages. B. Small actions can make a difference to the environment. C. Only students can protect the environment. D. The river was never clean even in Tom’s childhood. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·浙江·期中）As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化). “Within10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable (可持续的) crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi continued her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant l million trees by 2028. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco. 5．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They made her decide to leave the country. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 6．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Cold weather. B．Soil pollution. C．Low rainfall. D．Forest damage. 7．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To promote the protection of their farmland. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To help the children obtain a basic education. 8．Which of the following can be the best title to the text? A．Saving Water in Africa B．Fighting Poverty in North Africa C．Holding back the Sahara D．Planting Trees in Tunisia Passage 3 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期中） Last summer, Mia visited her grandparents in a mountain village. She remembered that when she was little, fireflies would dance in the yard every night, like floating stars. But this time, the night was dark and quiet—no flickers at all. “Pesticides (杀虫剂) from the farm killed them,” Grandpa said sadly. The villagers used strong chemicals to protect crops, but the poison seeped into the grass where fireflies lived. Without fireflies, even the crickets (蟋蟀) seemed to sing less. Mia, a 10th-grader, decided to act. She found a science article saying fireflies help pollinate plants and eat pests. She made posters and explained to farmers: “Less pesticides mean more fireflies, and fireflies protect crops too!” At first, the farmers doubted her. But when Mia showed them a video of fireflies eating harmful bugs, they agreed to try natural pest control, like planting marigolds (万寿菊) that repel insects. Three months later, Mia returned. As dusk fell, a tiny light flickered near the grass. Then another, and another. “They’re back!” she cried. Grandpa smiled: “Nature finds its way when we help it.” 9. Why did the fireflies disappear? A. The crickets ate them. B. Strong pesticides killed them. C. They moved to other villages. D. Mia’s grandparents drove them away. 10. What did Mia do to bring back fireflies? A. She planted more crops. B. She used more pesticides. C. She explained fireflies’ role and suggested natural pest control. D. She caught harmful bugs for fireflies. 11. The underlined word “repel” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. attract B. kill C. drive away D. feed 12. What can we learn from the story? A. Pesticides are good for all living things. B. Protecting small creatures helps balance nature. C. Fireflies are useless for farmers. D. Villagers should never grow crops. 主题02 人与自我——成长蜕变与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）Touchwood’s bad temper is of the contradicting pugnacious sort. He is the honourable gentleman in opposition, whatever proposal or proposition may be Line broached, and when others join him he secretly dams their superfluous agreement, quickly discovering that his way of stating the case is not exactly theirs. An invitation or any sign of expectation throws him into an attitude of refusal. Ask his concurrence in a benevolent measure: he will not decline to give it, because he has a real sympathy with good aims; but he complies resentfully, though where he is let alone, he will do much more than anyone would have thought of asking for. No man would shrink with greater sensitiveness from the imputation of not paying his debts, yet when a bill is sent in with any promptitude, he is inclined to make the tradesman wait for the money he is in such a hurry to get. One sees that this antagonistic temper must be much relieved by finding a particular object, and that its worst moments must be those where the mood is that of vague resistance, there being nothing specific to oppose. Touchwood is never so little engaging as when he comes down to breakfast with a cloud on his brow, after parting from you the night before with an affectionate effusiveness at the end of a confidential conversation which has assured you of mutual understanding. Impossible that you can have committed any offence. If mice have disturbed him, that is not your fault; but, nevertheless, your cheerful greeting had better not convey any reference to the weather, else it will be met by a sneer which, taking you unawares, may give you a crushing sense that you make a poor figure with your cheerfulness, which was not asked for. Some daring person perhaps introduces another topic, and uses the delicate flattery of appealing to Touchwood for his opinion, the topic being included in his favourite studies. An indistinct muttering, with a look at the carving-knife in reply, teaches that daring person how ill he has chosen a market for his deference. If Touchwood’s behaviour affects you very closely you had better break your leg in the course of the day: his bad temper will then vanish at once; he will take a painful journey on your behalf; he will sit up with you night after night; he will do all the work of your department so as to save you from any loss in consequence of your accident; he will be even uniformly tender to you till you are well on your legs again, when he will some fine morning insult you without provocation, and make you wish that his generous goodness to you had not closed your lips against retort. 1．The narrator suggests that agreeing with Touchwood on a given subject is a way to ________ A．achieve a kind of victory over him B．change his grouchiness to good humor C．earn his grudging intellectual respect D．throw him into confusion and embarrassment E．cause him to alter his original approach 2．According to the narrator, when is Touchwood LEAST contented? A．When he fails to agree with an opponent B．When a tradesman presents him with a bill C．When he fails to get a peaceful night’s sleep D．When he lacks a specific object to challenge E．When he is unable to achieve a benevolent end 3．What is the most likely reason that Touchwood “is inclined to make the tradesman wait for the money”? A．He enjoys doing harm to other people. B．He fears for his own financial security. C．He refuses to respond to another’s prompting. D．He is extremely wary of being cheated. E．He is uncertain about the legitimacy of others’ demands. 4．The underlined part “Impossible… fault” primarily serve to ________ A．offer feeble excuses B．present contradictory explanations C．acknowledge personal responsibility D．imagine and reject possible provocations E．describe and deny public allegations 5．At the end of the passage, the narrator suggests that the person who has had the “accident” will ________ A．become Touchwood’s friend for life B．be reluctant to respond to verbal attacks from Touchwood C．tend to avoid Touchwood’s company at any cost D．have only kindly feelings toward Touchwood E．have a lower opinion of Touchwood than before the accident Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期中） I’m Jack, a sophomore whose life flipped upside down last month.​ Weekdays once hummed with routine: 6:30 a.m. alarms, Mom’s blueberry oatmeal, biking to school past dog walkers. English with Ms. Hernandez was my anchor — her tattered To Kill a Mockingbird taught me stories reveal truths. After school, basketball glued me to Tyler, my best friend; we dreamed of regional finals glory.​ Then Mom texted during class: Dad’s in the hospital, heart attack. He’d be out of work for months, and his mechanic shop paid our bills. I quit the team for a 5 a.m. grocery store job. Tyler yelled, “We’re two weeks from finals!” We stopped speaking.​ Now I stock shelves till 7:30, bike to school reeking of detergent, then rush to the hospital. Dad jokes about my “fancy job” while I read him sports news, but by 8 p.m., I’m too drained for homework. Grades slipped; Ms. Hernandez noticed, but pride silenced me.​ Last Saturday, Dad and I watched our team lose the finals. Tyler, off his game, missed the winning layup (上篮) — staring into the camera like he sought me. “Basketball’s about showing up,” Dad said.​ This morning, I texted Tyler: Sorry. Talk? I told Ms. Hernandez everything. “Detours teach you to keep going,” she said, giving me her Mockingbird. Tyler held a ball at his locker: “Coach saved your spot.” The trophy can wait. Some things — friendship, finding yourself — are worth the mess.​ 6．What changed Jack’s routine last month? A．He failed the English exam. B．His father had a heart attack. C．He quit the basketball team. D．His family moved to a new place. 7．Why did Jack stop speaking to Tyler? A．Tyler laughed at his part-time job. B．They argued about the regional finals. C．Jack quit the team before the important game. D．Tyler missed the winning layup in the finals. 8．What can we learn about Ms. Hernandez? A．She is strict with her students. B．She gave Jack a new storybook. C．She noticed Jack’s falling grades. D．She forced Jack to talk about his problems. 9．What does the underlined word “Detours” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Unexpected difficulties. B．Interesting experiences. C．Important decisions. D．Wonderful dreams. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广东江门·期中） “I’m going to fail!” My best friend cried. She and I had this conversation almost every day while we were in high school. The truth was that my friend never failed in any subjects. I just think that she can’t accept failures because she lives her life as a perfectionist (完美主义者). What she fails to understand is that a lot of good can come from failures. For example, failure can help build relationships. Once I was cooking dinner for a friend, I was tired, and several dishes I tried to make turned out bad. I grew more and more upset until my friend told me that I shouldn’t worry. She cared more about our friendship than the dishes. That day, I learned that failure doesn’t always make people dislike you. In fact, after she said those words to me, I grew closer to her. Failure can make success evermore exciting. Every few years, there would be an important test in the PE class at our school. Students had to run a mile within eight minutes. I was never good at running, so I failed every time until the third year at school. Then I began working out regularly, and yet still failed that year. A few days later, however, the teacher gave me and some other students another chance to run and I got a pass finally! You can’t imagine how excited I was after that. I felt the memory of the success was as sweet as honey, because I had to overcome failure to reach it. Now it’s clear to see that failure can teach us good lessons. It’s not an end — it can be a beginning. 10．What did the author finally get from a failed cooking? A．Worries. B．A closer friendship. C．Bad feelings. D．More experience. 11．Why did the author feel excited after the running test? A．Because she could work out regularly. B．Because she received honey as a reward. C．Because she achieved success after many failures. D．Because she got another chance to take the test. 12．What does the underlined word “overcome” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Successfully deal with. B．Quickly respond to. C．Narrowly escape from D．Eagerly come up with. 13．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．to show the negative effects of failures B．to point out her best friends fear of failures C．to introduce different types of failures D．to encourage the readers to face failures bravely 主题03 人与社会——社区发展与社会公益 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·天津·期中） Ashley Liberto and her dog Bentley have been inseparable since she got him eight years ago. When Bentley had trouble walking a few years ago, Liberto was worried. “I took him to the pet hospital. He was diagnosed (诊断) with an amputated (截肢) right elbow and would need a prosthetic leg,” Liberto says. Luckily, the surgery (外科手术) was a success. After Bentley started moving again on three legs, Liberto decided to get a custom prosthetic leg (定制的假肢) for him. When she saw the cost of custom dog prosthetics, the teacher at Providence Day School in Charlotte, North Carolina reached out to some of her former students for help in finding a more affordable choice. Providence Day School has a class focused on computer- aided design (计算机辅助设计) and 3D printing. The teacher, Todd Johnson, says, “It’s an introductory level class that teaches students to make basic shapes using the technology. But when Liberto suggested trying to make a prosthetic leg for her dog, the students were excited to help and try something new.” “I thought it was a chance for the students to see a real- world application of what they were learning at school. I knew once the students started thinking about it seriously, they would come up with excellent designs,” Johnson says. The class broke up into small groups to come up with designs for Bentley. Team leader Brandon Hollis and his group came up with the winning design. Hollis group spent weeks creating a prosthetic leg for Bentley. “It fit way better than I could have hoped for. It still needs some small changes, and then it should fit perfectly,” Hollis says. The students hope to have a finished custom ( adj.量身设计的) and comfortable prosthetic leg for Bentley in the next few weeks. Even though the class has ended, the young designers have continued the project on their own time. 1．What happened to Bentley? A．He was hit by a car. B．He had a terrible illness. C．He got lost on his way home. D．He got separated from his owner. 2．What did Liberto do for Bentley? A．She provided some students to play with him. B．She tried to get a new leg for him. C．She gave him some walking training. D．She found a new home for him. 3．How did the students feel about making a leg? A．It was a piece of cake to them. B．They were excited to try something new prosthetic C．They didn’t take it seriously. D．It was too hard for them to finish. 4．What does Johnson expect of his students? A．They can put what they’re learning in the classroom into practice. B．They can think carefully about what they want to learn. C．They can pay some attention to animal protection. D．They can develop new 3D printing technology. 5．What is Hollis and his group’s plan for the next few weeks? A．Sharing their design with others. B．Offering free design courses. C．Making their design better. D．Introducing a new design. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·江西南昌·期中）Several women sat outside a green medical building waiting for the mother-to-mother group meeting to start. Each one held a baby clothed in bright colors. They chatted happily while they waited for the rest of the mothers to arrive. The mother-to-mother group would teach them how to give nutritious meals to their children. The mother leading the group, Sein Win Mya, is strong and energetic. She also taught women from nearby villages by using an informative flip chart (活动挂图) provided by Samaritan’s Purse. Her daughter, who is about seven or eight years old, sat among the mothers and their children. She held a 3-year-old boy on her leg to feed him water. Meanwhile, she made a face to make a girl not cry. At the end of the class, she held a sleeping baby. The goal of the mother-to-mother group in Myanmar is to reduce malnutrition (营养不良), thus reducing its effects on a child’s physical and mental development. Cultural practices and traditions in Myanmar encourage mothers to feed young children only white rice which makes them have few micronutrients (微量营养元素) such as iron and vitamins. Sein Win Mya taught women to be leaders through her example — leading her community to richer futures. After the class finished, Sein Win Mya led the women on a tour of the village and to her family’s betel nut field — a local crop similar to the tobacco plant. They passed through farms and palm tree fields that were flooded during the rainy season. Sein Win Mya led them through her prized produce, confidently showing off her beautiful lines of bright green leaves. One older man from Sein Win Mya’s community said that he never dreamed of such a good life. Thanks to Sein Win Mya, his grandson is no longer eating only rice like before and now can eat healthy and nutritious meals. All are Sein Win Mya’s contribution. 6．The mothers gathered together to ________. A．share parenting experiences B．understand the mother-to-mother group C．teach how to provide nutritious food for children D．learn how to provide nutritious meals for their children 7．When Sein Win Mya was teaching, her daughter ________. A．made faces to kill time B．helped care for other children C．listened to what she said carefully D．helped her mother prepare teaching aids 8．The mother-to-mother group aims to ________. A．teach women new cooking skills B．improve women’s education levels C．let the children in Myanmar grow healthily D．help children develop a positive mental attitude 9．Through her example, Sein Win Mya wanted more women ________. A．to learn more new survival skills B．to educate their children correctly C．to use their creativity to plant new crops D．to lead their communities to better futures Passage 3 （24-25高一上·广西崇左·期中） Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying in Zhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng, Wang’s teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上传) Wang’s picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has been nicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens (网友), became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “liked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times. After hearing Wang’s story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation (捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter. By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.” 10．What was the weather like on Monday morning? A．Snowy and cold. B．Rainy and cold. C．Snowy but warm. D．Rainy but warm. 11．Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom? A．Because he lost his books . B．Because he told a joke. C．Because he looked funny. D．Because he was late. 12．The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children ________. A．stay happy B．keep healthy C．stay educated D．keep warm in winter 13．What can we know from the text? A．Zhaotong’s weather in winter is warm. B．Wang’s future life may become better. C．Wang’s village had electricity before. D．Few people shared the boy’s picture 主题01 人与社会——社会责任与贡献 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·天津西青·期中） Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a very rich family. As a child, she was home-schooled by her father. As Florence grew up and became a young woman, she decided she wanted to train to become a nurse. In 1853, the Crimean War started, and soon many injured British soldiers were suffering in terrible conditions. Florence, now a trained nurse, was asked to go to Crimea to help. She agreed and was sent to Barrack Hospital. Once there, Florence saw thousands of sick and wounded men, and there were not even enough beds for all of them. The hospital was dirty, smelly and full of mice. A lot of the men were dying from diseases they had caught in the hospital. At first, all Florence and the other nurses were allowed to do was to clean. They were not allowed to nurse the sick men. But as more and more sick and injured soldiers started to arrive, the doctors were forced to ask Florence for help. Florence and her team were very serious about their work and they all wore the same uniform. Thanks to their efforts, the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers, who thought Florence was a very special lady for what she had done for them. When Florence arrived home, she was a heroine. The people loved her and she became very famous. She had songs written about her and received lots of awards (奖), even one from the Queen herself. But Florence didn’t like being famous and was only interested in improving more and more hospitals. She wrote letters to hospital managers all around England to put pressure on them to change their hospitals for the better. Florence even set up her own training school for nurses, at Saint Thomas Hospital in London. Florence will always be remembered for changing the health system forever. 1．What happened to Florence when she was a child? A．She lived an unhappy life. B．She was taught to be a doctor. C．She was educated at home. D．She suffered from a terrible illness. 2．Why did Florence go to Crimea? A．She had to work there. B．She wanted to be a soldier. C．She needed to see a doctor. D．She was sent there to train soldiers. 3．What did Florence do at Barrack Hospital when she first got there? A．She learned to be a doctor. B．She nursed sick people. C．She helped doctors do treatment. D．She did some cleaning. 4．What did Florence do at Saint Thomas Hospital? A．She wrote to sick soldiers. B．She taught people how to be a good nurse. C．She got extra training. D．She improved the hospital’s training system. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·山西忻州·期中） I was talking to my friend Sandy about our children. Sandy had recently moved into the neighborhood with her four kids: Jane, Joe, Christopher, and her youngest, eighteen-month-old Kim. She seemed happy to have kids nearby, until she saw our dog, Sam. Sam, our shiny black dog, loved to play with the kids and protect them. But Sandy had a fear of dogs, and she started to back away as Sam approached. I grabbed Sam’s collar and made him sit, trying to ease Sandy’s discomfort. Sandy mentioned that she needed to get her kids ready to go to their grandmother’s house. Just then, her door opened and her kids rushed out. Sandy shouted at them to stay away from Sam. The kids huddled (蜷缩) around their mom, looking at Sam cautiously (谨慎地). Emma, my daughter showed the kids how to approach a dog slowly and properly. The kids were won over by Sam’s friendly nature, but I knew it would take some time for Sandy to change her viewpoint. After that incident, we made sure that Sam didn’t go near our neighbors without me present. One day, when the kids were playing across the street. I noticed the eighteen-month-old baby heading towards a small hill. I saw a car approaching and shouted to everyone to watch the baby. Without hesitation, Sam rushed out the door and ran across the street towards the baby. He ran to the boy in time to gently push the baby away from the oncoming car. The kids cheered, completely unaware of the danger. They thought Sam had come to play. Within a year, Sam had made friends with all the neighbors. Even Sandy started to warm up to Sam and would occasionally come over to give him a hug. 5．How did Sandy feel when she first saw Sam? A．Excited. B．Amazed. C．Fearful. D．Awkward. 6．What did Sandy’s kids do at the sight of Sam? A．They looked at Sam with watchful eyes. B．They formed a circle to protect their mom. C．They held him by the collar to make him sit. D．They prepared to escape from the dog. 7．How did Sam save Kim from danger? A．By running in front of the car to block it. B．By pushing the baby away from the car. C．By rushing to Sandy’s house to get help. D．By jumping to the front of the coming car. 8．Which of the following can best describe Sam? A．Dangerous. B．Funny. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期中） When I was six, a new family moved into the house next door. There was a girl, Frances, who was about my age. We became best friends soon. I was too young to notice what was really going on in her life, but my mother did. Mom noticed that Frances never invited anyone into the rooms they lived in. Her mother went off to work very early in the morning and came back looking very tired. And her two older brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home. Frances was always hungry, and her clothes were often too small. Mom never mentioned anything to me. But she once asked, “Would you mind if I give Frances some of your clothes?” I agreed. Frances seemed very thrilled. Mom began to spend more time with Frances and me. She and I had always done kitchen jobs together, but now the three of us were making biscuits and washing up together. Frances was always willing to help, as long as Mom was there. And sometimes they would just sit together and talk while I was off doing something else. That routine (日常事物) continued until we were both teenagers. But then her mother decided they were moving back to Ireland. We promised to write to each other. One day, my mom called to say that a letter from Frances had arrived. “When I was four, my father died. My mother tried to make money. She ignored me. Your mom saved me. Without her love and attention, I would never have survived (渡过难关) my childhood. I have used your mother’s example as my guide to care for people around me.” My mother taught me many things, but this was her most valuable lesson. Watching her example and seeing the life-changing results were powerful. We will never know how or when our acts of kindness will influence others, but it’s always better to try. 9．What do we know about Frances’ family from Paragraph 2? A．They were unhappy to come to a new place. B．They tried hard to avoid their neighbors. C．They cared little about each other. D．They lived a very difficult life. 10．What does the underlined word “thrilled” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Proud. B．Excited. C．Calm. D．Confident. 11．What does the author try to show through the fourth paragraph? A．Frances was a good helper. B．Frances was used to the routine. C．Frances got on well with the author’s mom. D．Frances was good at doing kitchen jobs. 12．What can be the best title for the text? A．Teaching by example B．Lifelong friends C．My mom’s life D．Being brave to try 主题02 人与自我——个人认知与人际相处 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·北京·期中） The summer I was ten, my mother decided to bring us to the world of art. My brother and I were not very excited when we realized what my mother meant. What she meant was not that we could take drawing classes or painting classes but that we would have to spend one afternoon a week with her at the Fine Arts Museum. Before each visit to the museum, she made us read about artists and painting styles. It was almost as bad as being in school. Who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists when you could be with your friends at the swimming pool? First we had to read about ancient Egyptians (古埃及人) and their strange way of painting faces and then go to look at them at the museum. My 12-year-old brother thought this was so funny, but I was not interested. Later we had to learn about artists in the Middle Ages who painted people wearing strange long clothing. We had to look at pictures of fat babies with wings and curly (鬈曲的) hair and with no clothes on flying around the edges of paintings. I certainly couldn’t see what was so great about art. On our last visit to. the museum, something happened when I saw a painting by a woman called Mary. In it, a woman was reading to a child. The colors were soft and gentle, and you could tell by the mother’s expression how happy she was just to be with the child. I couldn’t stop looking at this painting! I wanted to see every painting Mary had ever made! It was really worth looking at so many paintings to find a painter who could interest me so much. 1．What was the writer’s experience in the museum before the last visit? A．She came to feel her mother’s love. B．She liked many paintings. C．She hardly enjoyed herself. D．She could understand the pictures of fat babies. 2．What made the writer go through a change that summer? A．One of Mary’s paintings. B．A strange way of painting. C．Artists in the Middle Ages. D．Her mother’s instruction. 3．From the text, we can see ________. A．the importance of curiosity B．the effect of art C．the value of learning D．the power of family education Passage 2 （24-25高一上·福建泉州·期中） I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to take mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 4．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing (分析)  causes. B．By showing differences. C．By describing a process (过程). D．By following time order. 5．What made Kate so angry one evening? A．She couldn’t find her books. B．She heard the author shouting loud. C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed. 6．The author tidied up the room most probably because__________. A．She was scared by Kate’s anger. B．She hated herself for being so messy C．She wanted to show her care D．She was asked by Kate to do so 7．What might be the best title for the story? A．My Friend Kate B．Hard Work Pays Off C．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates Passage 3 （24-25高一上·贵州贵阳·期中） I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood- like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down and bring you severe discomfort. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had merely a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In the fourth grade, I was ready to explore a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and teenagers’ topics. Just then, I found my parents old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that there was no way I would be able to read these books. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the series, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. While the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning and I love how much they mean to me now. 8．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She felt uneasy about owning old books. B．She had a poor relationship with her parents. C．She grew fondness for reading classics. D．She was often gifted old books by her parents. 9．How did the author feel when seeing her parents’ Harry Potter series in the fourth grade? A．Confused. B．Satisfied. C．Discouraged. D．Astonished. 10．What does the author mean by saying “I was kind of a changed woman” in Paragraph 3? A．She started to enjoy reading fictional books. B．She began to ignore the appearance of the books. C．She accepted putting old books on her shelf. D．She figured out what she truly wanted to read. 11．What is the best title of the text? A．My Passion for Reading B．My Connection With Parents via Old Books C．My Encounter With the Harry Potter Series D．My Journey With Old Books 主题03 人与自然——自然生态与环境保护 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·福建仙游第一中学·期中） When 16-year-old Kai returned to his hometown after three years, the first thing he noticed was the river. Once the heart of the village—where kids swam, women washed clothes, and old men fished—the water now ran thick and brown, with plastic bags bobbing like sad balloons. “The new factory upstream dumps waste every night,” his grandma sighed, pointing to a rusty pipe sticking out of the riverbank. Kai remembered how the river used to sparkle. He’d spent summers catching minnows and watching dragonflies land on lily pads. Now, even the willow trees along the bank looked sick, their leaves yellow and wilted. “We can’t just watch it die,” he told his classmates when he visited his old school. They formed a group called “Clear Stream.” First, they mapped the pollution sources: the factory pipe, a drainage ditch from the market, and villagers tossing trash. Then, they took action. On weekends, they picked up garbage, their gloves turning black from the muck. They made posters with before-and-after photos of the river and hung them in the village square. “A dead river means dead crops and sick families,” the posters read. The factory owner ignored their letters at first. But when Kai and his friends stood outside the factory gates every morning, holding their posters and handing out leaflets to workers, he finally agreed to meet. “Installing a water filter will cost too much,” he grumbled. Kai showed him a study: polluted water was making villagers ill, and medical bills were rising. “Health is cheaper than a filter,” he said quietly. Months later, the filter was installed. The group kept cleaning, and villagers joined in—even the market traders started using biodegradable bags. One spring morning, Kai knelt by the river and saw a minnow dart past his hand. “It’s breathing again,” he whispered. That night, the village held a celebration by the water, and kids splashed in the shallows, just like old times. 1.Why did the river become polluted? A. Villagers overfished in the river. B. A factory dumped waste into it. C. Heavy rains caused mudslides. D. The willow trees died and rotted. 2.What did “Clear Stream” do FIRST to help the river? A. They installed a water filter for the factory. B. They asked villagers to stop using plastic bags. C. They identified where the pollution was coming from. D. They held a celebration by the river. 3.The underlined word “biodegradable” in Paragraph 5 probably means ______. A. easy to break down naturally B. cheap to produce C. colorful and attractive D. strong and durable 4.What can we infer from the story? A. Factories should be closed to protect rivers. B. Young people alone can solve environmental problems. C. Community effort is key to restoring nature. D. Rivers can clean themselves without human help. Passage 2 （23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期中） Lila’s family owned a small farm on the edge of Greenpine Forest. For generations, the forest had kept their land fertile: its trees held the soil in place, and birds ate pests that would have destroyed crops. But last year, everything changed. A mysterious disease killed the pine trees, and with them, the birds vanished. Soon, bugs swarmed the farm, eating the corn and wheat. “We’ll have to use chemical pesticides,” Lila’s dad said, showing her a bottle labeled “Toxic—Use With Care.” Lila, 17, hated the idea. She’d read that pesticides kill bees and other helpful insects too. “What if there’s another way?” she asked her biology teacher, who suggested she research “natural pest control.” Lila spent weekends in the remaining forest, observing. She noticed that oak trees, which hadn’t been affected by the disease, were home to ladybugs—a bug that eats aphids, the pest destroying their crops. She also found that marigold flowers, which grew wild in the forest, repelled beetles. She convinced her dad to let her try an experiment. They planted marigolds around the farm and built small wooden houses for ladybugs. At first, the bugs kept coming, and Lila’s dad groaned. But after a month, the aphid population dropped. By summer, the ladybugs had multiplied, and the marigolds were in full bloom—no pesticides needed. Other farmers noticed. “How did you do it?” they asked. Lila led workshops, teaching them to work with the forest’s natural helpers instead of against them. A year later, Greenpine Forest was slowly recovering, and the farms thrived. “The forest was trying to help us all along,” Lila smiled. 5.Why did pests swarm Lila’s farm? A. The family stopped using pesticides. B. The pine trees (and the birds that ate pests) died. C. Lila planted marigolds that attracted bugs. D. The soil became infertile due to overfarming. 6.What was Lila’s “natural pest control” method? A. She used chemical pesticides secretly. B. She planted oak trees to attract birds. C. She introduced ladybugs and planted marigolds. D. She asked other farmers to help catch pests. 7.The underlined word “repelled” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. attracted and killed B. scared away C. fed on D. helped grow 8.What does the story suggest about nature? A. It is fragile and easily destroyed by humans. B. It contains its own solutions to balance ecosystems. C. It needs chemicals to stay healthy. D. It is separate from human farms and communities. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·山东烟台·期中） Every autumn, 10,000 migratory birds stopped at Lake Miru to rest before flying south. For 17-year-old Tara, who lived nearby, it was the most magical time: flocks of geese filled the sky, and ducks floated on the lake like a golden carpet. But last year, only a few hundred arrived. “What’s happening?” Tara asked her grandpa, who’d watched the migration for 50 years. He pointed to the construction site on the lake’s east bank. “They’re building a mall. The birds used to nest in those reeds, but now they’re gone.” Tara checked the reeds—they’d been bulldozed, and the lake’s water level had dropped because the builders were using it for concrete. Tara joined a birdwatching club online and learned that Lake Miru was a critical stop on the birds’ 10,000-kilometer journey. Without food and rest, many would die. “We have to act fast,” she told the club. They started a petition, collecting 5,000 signatures from locals who loved the birds. Tara presented it to the mayor, along with photos of the empty lake. “The mall will bring jobs,” he said. “The birds will find another lake.” “What if they don’t?” Tara replied, showing him a study on declining bird populations. The mayor agreed to a compromise: the mall could be built, but the west bank of the lake would be turned into a protected wetland. Volunteers, including Tara, planted new reeds and installed a small pump to keep the water level stable. This autumn, Tara held her breath as she waited by the lake. Then, a V-formation of geese appeared. Soon, the sky was filled with birds. “They remembered,” she cried. Grandpa nodded: “Nature comes back when we make space for it.” 9.Why did fewer migratory birds stop at Lake Miru last year? A. The lake water became polluted. B. A mall was built on the west bank. C. Their nesting reeds were destroyed, and water levels dropped. D. Tara and her grandpa scared them away. 10.What did Tara do to help the birds? A. She bulldozed the construction site. B. She collected signatures and convinced the mayor to protect part of the lake. C. She moved the birds to another lake. D. She stopped the mall construction completely. 11.The underlined word “critical” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. dangerous B. unimportant C. essential D. temporary 12.What is the story mainly about? A. Migratory birds need humans to survive. B. Balancing development and nature is possible with effort. C. Malls should never be built near natural habitats. D. Young people know more about nature than adults. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$