第6讲 名词-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第6讲 名词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、名词的分类：按属性及可数性划分 名词根据 “专有属性” 和 “可数性” 可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词进一步细分为可数名词（个体、集体）和不可数名词（物质、抽象），需明确不同类别名词的语法特征。 一级 二级 三级 核心特征 示例 专有名词 —— —— 表特定人 / 物 / 机构，首字母大写，无复数 Guangzhou, John, the Great Wall 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表独立个体，有单复数形式 desk, book, teacher 集体名词 表一群人 / 物的集合，可表单数（整体）或复数（成员） family（家庭 / 家人）, team（团队 / 队员） 不可数名词 物质名词 表无法分割的实物，无复数，谓语用单数 water, air, rice, bread 抽象名词 表品质 / 状态 / 情感等抽象概念，无复数 love, peace, health, homework 注意事项： 1. 集体名词的数：强调 “整体” 时视为单数（The family is happy.），强调 “成员” 时视为复数（The family are watching TV.）。 2. 不可数名词的 “隐性复数”：不可数名词无形式变化，表 “多种类” 时可加 “s”（如：tea→teas 多种茶，fish→fishes 多种鱼）。 3. 专有名词的特殊性：含普通名词的专有名词需加定冠词 the（如：the Summer Palace），纯专有名词（人名、地名）一般不加 the（如：Beijing）。 二、可数名词复数：规则与不规则变化 可数名词复数形式分为规则变化（按词尾规律变形）和不规则变化（需特殊记忆），掌握变形规则是正确使用名词的基础。 （1）规则变化表 词尾特征 变形规则 示例 一般情况 直接加 “s” map→maps, book→books 以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾 加 “es” bus→buses, watch→watches, dish→dishes 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 “es” baby→babies, country→countries 以 “元音 + y” 结尾 直接加 “s” day→days, monkey→monkeys 以 f/fe 结尾 变 f/fe 为 v 加 “es” wife→wives, knife→knives, shelf→shelves 以 o 结尾 有生命加 “es”，无生命加 “s” hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes；piano→pianos, photo→photos （2）不规则变化表 变形 规则说明 示例 元音变化 a→e，oo→ee man→men, woman→women；tooth→teeth, foot→feet 词尾加 “ren” 特殊名词后加 “ren” child→children, ox→oxen 单复数同形 形式不变，需结合语境判断数 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese “国人” 特殊变化 中日不变，英法变（man→men），其余加 “s” Japanese→Japanese；Englishman→Englishmen；American→Americans, German→Germans 注意事项： 1. 特殊 “o” 结尾词：“hero, tomato, potato, mango” 需加 “es”（可记口诀 “英雄爱吃西红柿、土豆和芒果”），其余 “o” 结尾词（如 radio, zoo）加 “s”。 2. 复合名词复数：“man/woman + 名词” 构成的复合词，两者均变复数（如：man teacher→men teachers）；其他复合词只变后一个名词（如：book store→book stores）。 3. 易混淆单复数同形词：“means（方法）、series（系列）” 单复数同形，不可误加 “s”。 三、名词所有格：’s 所有格、of 所有格及双重所有格 名词所有格表示 “所属关系”，不同场景需选择不同形式，核心区分 “有生命 / 无生命” 及 “共同拥有 / 各自拥有”。 所有格 适用场景 构成规则 示例 ’s 所有格 有生命的人 / 物；时间、距离、国家等名词 单数：词尾加 “’s”；复数：以 s 结尾加 “’”，不以 s 结尾加 “’s” Tom’s book；teachers’ office；today’s newspaper 共同拥有：最后一个名词加 “’s” Mike and John’s room（两人共有的房间） Lily and Lucy’s mother is a doctor. 各自拥有：每个名词加 “’s” Tom’s and Mary’s bags（两人各自的包） Jack’s and Mike’s bikes are both blue. of 所有格 无生命的名词；部分有生命的名词 名词 A + of + 名词 B（表 “B 的 A”） the window of the house；the name of the girl 双重所有格 表 “其中之一” 或 “部分所属” 名词 + of + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 a friend of my father’s（我爸爸的一个朋友）；a book of mine（我的一本书） 注意事项： 1. ’s 所有格的省略：表 “店铺、住宅、诊所” 等场所时，所有格后可省略名词（如：the barber’s=the barber’s shop 理发店）。 2. 数词 - 名词复合修饰：带连字符的 “数词 - 名词” 作定语时，名词需用单数（如：a 3-day holiday 三天的假期，不可写成 3-days）。 3. 避免重复：双重所有格中 “of” 已表所属，不可再用 “the” 修饰（错误：a friend of the my father’s；正确：a friend of my father’s）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．He found two (pot), each wrapped in newspaper. 【答案】pots 【详解】考查名词。句意：他发现了两个罐子，每个都用报纸包着。分析句子可知，“found”为动词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“pot”意为“罐子”，为可数名词，“two”后接其复数形式“pots”。故填pots。 2．A large number of (church) fell into ruin after the revolution. 【答案】churches 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：革命之后，大量的教堂沦为废墟。“church”（教堂）是可数名词，“a large number of”（大量的）后接可数名词复数形式 。“churches”在句中作主语，表示众多教堂。故填churches。 3．They use the camels for carrying water, food, (tent) and something else. 【答案】tents 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们用骆驼驮水、食物、帐篷和其他东西。“tent”为可数名词，空处与water、food并列作carrying的宾语，表示泛指，用tent的复数形式tents。故填tents。 4．She wasn’t tall enough to reach those (branch). 【答案】branches 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：她不够高，够不着那些树枝。根据空格前的指示代词“those”可知，空格处需要填名词复数形式作reach的宾语。branch的复数形式是branches。故填branches。 5．It is said that (dinosaur) were living 200 million years ago. 【答案】dinosaurs 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：据说恐龙生活两亿年前。分析句子结构可知，dinosaur为that从句中的主语，根据空后从句中的谓语动词were可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填dinosaurs。 6．Now, if it is all stories, I believe we are the (narrator). 【答案】narrators 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：现在，如果这一切都是故事，我相信我们就是叙述者。空处作表语，表示“叙述者”用名词narrator，结合主语we可知，表语应用复数形式。故填narrators。 7．Why does the professor mention a conversation between two (servant)? 【答案】servants 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：教授为什么提到两个仆人之间的对话？根据空前的数词“two (两个)”可知，此处应用可数名词servant的复数形式servants，意为“仆人”。故填servants。 8．That is why there is a (say): better to prevent than cure. 【答案】saying 【详解】考查名词。句意：这就是为什么有这样一句谚语：预防胜于治疗。空前“a”为不定冠词，作名词的限定词，因此所填应是名词。“say”的其名词形式“saying”有“谚语，格言”含义，符合语境表达；“a saying”在there be句式中作主语。故填saying。 9．One of his most popular (scene) was of a storm. 【答案】scenes 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：他最受欢迎的场景之一是一场暴风雨（的画面）。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……之一”，因此这里应填名词复数。“scene”，可数名词，意为“景象，场景，画面”，其复数形式为“scenes”。故填scenes。 10．It is wrong to misuse our natural (resource). 【答案】resources 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：滥用自然资源是错误的。此处数量大于一用复数形式。故填resources。 11． (pattern) of language learning and language use are complex. 【答案】Patterns 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：语言学习和语言使用的模式是复杂的。pattern(模式)为可数名词，其前没有表示数量的限定词，且这里表示泛指，应用名词复数patterns，作主语。位于句首应大写首字母。故填Patterns。 12．What is worse, she got a serious head (injure) in the accident. 【答案】injury 【详解】考查名词。句意：更糟糕的是，她在这次事故中头部受了严重的伤。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入名词作宾语；injury，表“伤害”，为可数名词，且由空前a可知，此空应用单数形式，符合语境。故填injury。 13．One of the first (crop) that I grew when we came here was wheat. 【答案】crops 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们刚来这儿时，我种的第一批作物之一是小麦。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，所以空处应用crop“庄稼，作物”的复数形式crops。故填crops。 14．Then came those magic (moment) in the rose garden. 【答案】moments 【详解】考查名词。句意：玫瑰园里那些神奇的时刻来了。分析句子可知，“magic”为形容词，空格处应用名词，作主语，“moment”意为“时刻”，为可数名词，“those”后接可数名词复数“moments”。故填moments。 15．The house has all the modern (convenient). 【答案】conveniences 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这座房子拥有所有现代化便利设施。根据空前的定冠词the和形容词modern可知，空处需要用名词，convenient的名词为convenience；结合句意可知，convenience在句中指“便利的设施”，是可数名词，由all可知应用复数形式。故填conveniences。 二、完成句子 1. You need . 你需要帮助。 【答案】help 【详解】考查名词。根据句意，此处表示“帮助”为help，作need的宾语。故填help。 2. Have you ask yourself why people often have in English? 你有没有问过自己为什么人们经常在学习英语上有困难？ 【答案】 trouble/difficulty learning 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。“在……有困难”应该用固定搭配have trouble/difficulty in doing something表示；“学习”用动词learn，在介词in后应该用动名词形式learning。故填①trouble/difficulty②learning。 3. We are trying to make . 我们正努力使我们的国家更美。 【答案】our country more beautiful 【详解】考查名词和形容词比较级。根据中英文提示，这里表示“使我们的国家更美”，应用make sth.+adj.结构，形容词在句中作宾补。“我们的国家”可表示为our country，在句中作宾语；beautiful意为“美丽的”，其比较级为more beautiful。故答案为our country more beautiful。 4. 这个青少年通过不断的努力和成就获得了信心。 The gained through his consistent efforts and achievements. 【答案】 teenager confidence 【详解】考查名词。分析句子结构，第一个空白处在句中做主语，应使用名词，根据汉语提示，表示“青少年”含义的名词为：teenager，根据下文“through his consistent efforts and achievements(通过他不断的努力和成就)”可知本句说的是这个青少年的情况，可推理出第一个空白处应填名词单数，故第一个空填teenager；第二个空白处在句中做宾语，应使用名词，根据汉语提示，表示“信心”含义的名词为：confidence，该词为不可数名词，故第二个空填confidence。故填teenager；confidence。 5. The fascinating landscape of this city is sure to be         your eyes. 这座城市迷人的景色一定会让你大饱眼福。 【答案】 a feast for 【详解】考查固定短语。be a feast for one’s eyes是固定短语，意为“大饱眼福”，符合题意。故填①a；②feast；③for。 6. 学生应该学习如何应对压力。 → Students should learn how to cope with . 【答案】stress 【详解】考查名词。“压力”为“stress”，作宾语。故填stress。 7. Tom is because he never tells lies. 汤姆是一个诚实的男孩，因为他从不说谎。 【答案】an honest boy 【详解】考查形容词、名词。表示“男孩”用名词boy，作表语；表示“诚实的”用形容词honest，作前置定语，修饰名词boy。此处表示泛指“一个诚实的男孩”，且honest是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an honest boy。 8. At present, has about 6,800 languages. 目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。 【答案】the world 【详解】考查冠词及名词。“世界”译为world，为独一无二的事物，其前需加定冠词the，构成固定搭配 the world“世界”，作主语。故填the world。 9. In less than one minute, a large city lay in . 不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据句意，“成为废墟”需用固定短语in ruins表示，其中ruins为名词复数形式，意为“废墟”作宾语。故填ruins。 10. Water, food and were hard to get. 水、食物和电很难得到。 【答案】electricity 【详解】考查名词。根据句意，此处表示“电”，需用名词electricity作主语，与“Water, food”并列，electricity为不可数名词。故填electricity。 11. A summary should be around one third the of the original text. 摘要应该是原文长度的三分之一。 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。“长度”为“length”，作宾语。故填length。 12. He said he had to before the examination. 他说他得在考试前复习历史。 【答案】brush up on his history 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“复习、温习”可使用动词短语brush up on，且在had to后，需用动词brush的原形。表示“历史”用名词history，这里指主语“他”要复习的历史知识，因此可在history前加his。故填brush up on his history。 13. 人们越来越关注环境保护。（concern） There is growing environmental protection. 【答案】 concern for/about/over/with 【详解】考查名词和介词。表示“对……的担忧”用concern for/about/over/with，其中名词concern在there be句型中作主语。故填concern；for/about/over/with。 14. 他在新设计上做得更仔细了。 He worked much more carefully on the new 【答案】design 【详解】考查名词。所填词在形容词new之后，要用名词作介词on的宾语。design“设计”在句中为可数名词，此处特指新的设计，应用单数形式。故填design。 15. 这种设备可以在现场将垃圾转化为清洁能源。（turn） The device can clean energy right on site. 【答案】 turn waste into 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“将……转化为”用代词短语turn…into，情态动词后用动词原形；表示“垃圾”用名词waste，不可数，作宾语。故填turn；waste；into。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Today was another enlightening day at my new American school. Back in China, lunchtime is a 1 hour. We eat, talk, and most importantly, take a short nap (小睡) to 2 for the afternoon. This relaxing routine of our midday break allowed for a 3 escape from the day’s demands. But here? It’s like a 4 against the clock. The bell rang, and everyone 5 to the cafeteria. I followed, naively (天真地) thinking I’d have 6 time to eat and perhaps even close my eyes for a moment. However, I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. Where did the time go? And the nap? Forget about it. There’s no 7 for that comfort here. In China, we have these cozy mats in the classroom for our post-lunch rest. But in America, the 8 of napping in school seems as 9 to them as the absence of a nap is to me. At first, I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes. I 10 that brief break we get in China. But then I noticed something. Even without the nap, my classmates were hardly tired. Perhaps they’re used to this fast schedule, or maybe they 11 on pure youthful energy. Who knows? I’m beginning to 12 that life here is simply faster. People eat 13 , converse rapidly, and shift swiftly. It’s a(n) 14   with the life style back in China, but perhaps it’s not harmful, just another 15 of life. 1. A．cherished B．productive C．fixed D．secure 2. A．fight B．recharge C．depress D．evaluate 3. A．narrow B．secret C．desperate D．peaceful 4. A．march B．test C．race D．game 5. A．paraded B．wandered C．leapt D．rushed 6. A．logical B．sufficient C．limited D．solid 7. A．excuse B．initiative C．category D．access 8. A．concept B．application C．competence D．knowledge 9. A．scary B．odd C．awkward D．shallow 10. A．replaced B．engaged C．missed D．exposed 11. A．operate B．insist C．concentrate D．reflect 12. A．consider B．anticipate C．grasp D．imagine 13. A．regularly B．hurriedly C．properly D．literally 14. A．agreement B．interaction C．contrary D．contrast 15. A．manner B．circumstance C．fault D．challenge 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要对比了中国和美国学校不同的生活方式，在中国，午餐时间是一段珍贵的时光，可以吃东西，聊天，最重要的是，打个小盹，为下午充电。但是美国学校没有这样的传统，一切都很匆忙，和时间赛跑。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国，午餐时间是一段珍贵的时光。A. cherished珍贵的；B. productive多产的；C. fixed固定的；D. secure稳固的。根据后文“This relaxing routine of our midday break”可知，中国午餐时间可以放松，是珍贵的时光。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们吃东西，聊天，最重要的是，打个小盹，为下午充电。A. fight战斗；B. recharge充电；C. depress使沮丧；D. evaluate评价。根据上文“take a short nap to”以及常识，打盹是为了给下午充电。故选B。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种午休的放松习惯让我们可以平静地逃离一天的工作。A. narrow狭窄的；B. secret秘密的；C. desperate绝望的；D. peaceful和平的。根据后文“escape from the day’s demands”可知，午休的放松习惯让我们可以平静地逃离一天的工作。故选D。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就像是在和时间赛跑。A. march行军；B. test测试；C. race比赛；D. game游戏。根据后文“I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. (下一个铃响之前，我几乎没来得及吃完三明治)”可知，美国的时间很紧张，就像是在和时间赛跑。故选C。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下课铃响了，每个人都冲向自助餐厅。A. paraded游行；B. wandered徘徊；C. leapt跳跃；D. rushed急忙。上文提到和时间赛跑，所以每个人都很匆忙，下课铃响了，每个人都冲向自助餐厅。故选D。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我跟在后面，天真地以为我有足够的时间吃东西，甚至可能闭上眼睛一会儿。A. logical逻辑的；B. sufficient充足的；C. limited有限的；D. solid固体的。根据后文“However, I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. Where did the time go?(然而，下一个铃响之前，我几乎没来得及吃完我的三明治。时间都去哪儿了？)”可知，作者天真地以为自己还有足够的时间吃东西，故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里没有那种舒适。A. excuse借口；B. initiative倡议；C. category种类；D. access入口。根据上文“And the nap? Forget about it.(午睡？别想了)”可知，没有午睡的舒适，no access for表示“无法获得，无法得到”。故选D。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在美国，在学校里打盹的概念对他们来说就像对我来说没有打盹一样奇怪。A. concept概念；B. application申请；C. competence能力；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“of napping in school”此处指中国在学校里午睡的概念，故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在美国，在学校里打盹的概念对他们来说就像对我来说没有打盹一样奇怪。A. scary可怕的；B. odd奇怪的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. shallow浅的。根据上文可知，作者是中国人，习惯了午睡，但是美国学校没有这样的传统，所以在美国，在学校里打盹的概念对他们来说就像对作者来说没有打盹一样奇怪。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想念了我们在中国的短暂休息。A. replaced代替；B. engaged参与；C. missed想念；D. exposed接触。根据上文“At first, I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes.(起初，我在下午的课上感到很困)”可知，作者没有午睡下午上课感到困，所以想念在中国的短暂休息。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们已经习惯了这种快节奏的日程安排，或者他们纯粹是靠年轻的精力来运作的。A. operate操作；B. insist坚持；C. concentrate集中；D. reflect反思。根据后文“on pure youthful energy”指依靠年轻的精力来运作。故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白这里的生活就是快得多。A. consider考虑；B. anticipate预期；C. grasp明白，抓住；D. imagine想象。根据后文“that life here is simply faster”可知，作者开始明白这里的生活就是快得多。故选C。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们吃得匆忙，交谈得迅速，移动得迅速。A. regularly定期地；B. hurriedly匆忙地；C. properly合适地；D. literally字面上。根据后文“converse rapidly, and shift swiftly”可知，这里一切都很匆忙，故选B。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与中国的生活方式形成了鲜明的对比，但也许这没有害处，只是另一种生活方式。A. agreement协议；B. interaction互动；C. contrary相反的事实；D. contrast差异。根据后文“with the life style back in China”可知，这里匆忙的生活方式，和中国放松的生活方式形成了对比，故选D。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与中国的生活方式形成了鲜明的对比，但也许这没有害处，只是另一种生活方式。A. manner礼貌，方式；B. circumstance环境；C. fault错误；D. challenge挑战。呼应上文“with the life style back in China”这里快节奏的生活方式，也只是另一种生活方式而已。故选A。 Passage 2 British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot. They 1 3,263 kilometres, a remarkable achievement at any time. Their 2 to complete this adventure came from their father, William Lindesay, who 3 along the Wall decades ago and attracted a great deal of media attention. Born in 1956 in Liverpool, William became 4 about the Wall later in his life. In 1987, he made the 5 in China by hiking the Wall. He has committed over 30 years to the protection of the structure, and has 6 10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences. His action and books influenced his two sons, who now share his 7 in the Wall. In 2016, the Lindesay brothers flew drones (无人机) at many 8 along the Wall and edited video works on the 9 of the Wall, hoping to keep it safe from damage. Not 10 with merely documenting parts of the Wall, the young brothers 11 wanted to find a new way to experience the structure and finally they 12 hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps. The brothers’ trip was 13 than they had imagined. They met many difficulties. But 14 the great wonder was life-changing, which gave them a better 15 of the structure and the history behind it. 1. A．challenged B．covered C．measured D．expanded 2. A．desire B．tendency C．ability D．agreement 3. A．continued B．jogged C．journeyed D．researched 4. A．anxious B．particular C．serious D．enthusiastic 5. A．headlines B．changes C．connection D．difference 6. A．purchased B．recommended C．reviewed D．authored 7. A．pride B．success C．interest D．faith 8. A．buildings B．sections C．stages D．villages 9. A．preservation B．tour C．condition D．feature 10. A．familiar B．satisfied C．careful D．busy 11. A．gradually B．occasionally C．desperately D．blindly 12. A．dreamed of B．carried on C．learned of D．decided on 13. A．tougher B．funner C．greater D．shorter 14. A．evaluating B．exploring C．repairing D．recording 15. A．memory B．assessment C．impression D．understanding 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国兄弟詹姆斯和托马斯受父亲的影响步行穿越中国长城的经历。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们走了3,263公里，这在任何时候都是一项了不起的成就。A. challenged挑战；B. covered行走；C. measured测量；D. expanded扩展。根据下文“3,263 kilometres”可知，此处表示他们行走了多远的距离，故选B项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们完成这次冒险的愿望来自他们的父亲威廉·林德赛，他几十年前沿着长城旅行，吸引了大量的媒体关注。A. desire愿望；B. tendency倾向；C. ability能力；D. agreement同意。根据下文“to complete this adventure”可知，他们完成这次冒险是他们的愿望，故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. continued继续；B. jogged慢跑；C. journeyed旅行；D. researched研究。根据下文“by hiking the Wall”可知，他们的父亲曾沿着长城旅行，故选C项。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威廉于1956年出生于利物浦，晚年对长城充满热情。A. anxious焦虑的；B. particular独特的；C. serious严重的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据下文“He has committed over 30 years to the protection of the structure, and has___6___ 10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences”可知，30多年来，他一直致力于保护这座建筑，并根据自己的知识和经验博写了10本关于长城的书籍。由此可知，威廉对长城产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选D项。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1987年，他因攀登长城而成为中国的头条新闻。A. headlines头条新闻；B. changes改变；C. connection连接；D. difference不同。根据上文“William Lindesay, who___3___ along the Wall decades ago and attracted a great deal of media attention”可知，威廉沿着长城慢跑，吸引了大量的媒体关注，这成为中国的头条新闻。故选A项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他致力于保护该结构已有30多年，并根据自己的知识和经验撰写了10本关于长城的书籍。A. purchased购买；B. recommended推荐；C. reviewed复习；D. authored编写。根据下文“10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences.”可知30多年来，他一直致力于保护这座建筑，并根据自己的知识和经验撰写了10本关于长城的书籍。故选D项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的行动和书籍影响了他的两个儿子，他们现在和他一样对长城兴趣。A. pride骄傲；B. success成功；C. interest兴趣；D. faith信念。根据上文“British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot”可知，英国兄弟詹姆斯和托马斯花了几个月的时间徒步穿越中国的长城，说明兄弟二人和父亲都对长城非常感兴趣，故选C项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年，林德赛兄弟在长城沿线的许多路段飞行无人机，并编辑了关于保护长城的视频作品，希望保护长城免受损坏。A. buildings建筑物；B. sections部分；C. stages阶段；D. villages村庄。根据下文“Not ___10__ with merely documenting parts of the Wall”可知，年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，他们在长城沿线的许多地方用无人机拍摄，故选B项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. preservation保护；B. tour旅行；C. condition条件；D. feature特征。根据下文“hoping to keep it safe from damage.”可知，林赛兄弟这样做的目的是保护长城。故选A项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，他们迫切地想找到一种新的方式来体验这种结构，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。A. familiar熟悉的；B. satisfied满意的；C. careful小心的；D. busy繁忙的。根据下文“the young brothers___11___wanted to find a new way to experience the structure and finally they___12___hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps”可知，他们真心地想找到一种新的方式来体验这种结构，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。说明年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，故选B项。 11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. gradually逐渐地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. desperately迫切地；D. blindly盲目地。根据上文“Not ___10_with merely documenting parts of the Wall”以及空后“wanted to find a new way to experience the structure”可知，他们迫切地想沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城，故选C项。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：年轻的兄弟们不满足于仅仅记录长城的一部分，他们真心地想找到一种新的方式来体验这种结构，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。A. dreamed of梦想；B. carried on继续；C. learned of了解；D. decided on决定。根据空后“hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps”可知，最后他们决定沿着他们父亲的足迹徒步旅行长城。故选D项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：兄弟俩的旅程比他们想象的要艰难。A. tougher更艰难的；B. funner更有趣的；C. greater更好的；D. shorter更短的。根据下文“They met many difficulties.”可知，他们遇到了许多困难。说明兄弟俩的旅行比他们想象的要艰难，故选A项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是探索这个伟大的奇迹改变了他们的生活，让他们更好地理解了它背后的结构和历史。A. evaluating评估；B. exploring探索；C. repairing修理；D. recording记录。根据上文“British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot”可知，兄弟俩花了几个月的时间徒步穿越中国的长城，这是对长城的探索，故选B项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是探索这个伟大的奇迹改变了他们的生活，让他们更好地理解了它背后的结构和历史。A. memory记忆；B. assessment评估；C. impression印象；D. understanding理解。根据空后“of the structure and the history behind it”可知，是探索这个伟大的奇迹改变了他们的生活，让他们更好地理解了它背后的结构和历史，故选D项。 Passage 3 Growing up in Indonesia, I was surrounded by rich traditions and a sense of belonging. But when my family moved to Denmark, everything changed. The cold sky seemed to 1 the confusion and self-doubt that settled in my heart. I felt like a(n) 2 in this new land. In school, I 3 to make friends. My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart. I tried to hide my Indonesian 4 , hoping to get along with my Danish classmates. But the more I tried, the 5 I felt. I began to hate myself for not being Danish enough. One day, during a particularly difficult period, I had a(n) 6 . I was sitting in the park at the time, feeling very 7 about myself, when I met an elderly woman who struck up a 8 . She listened to my story and then said to me, “You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.” Her words stayed with me. I began to 9 my Indonesian roots, sharing stories and traditions with others. I learned to appreciate the unique mix of 10 that made me who I was. Slowly, I started to see myself in a new 11 . It wasn’t an overnight 12 , but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was. I realized that my 13 were not weaknesses but strengths. By accepting my true self, I 14 my confidence. And by doing so, I discovered that respect and acceptance from others followed 15 . 1. A．overlook B．approach C．mirror D．prevent 2. A．agent B．outsider C．volunteer D．consultant 3. A．refused B．promised C．agreed D．struggled 4. A．customs B．virtues C．roots D．festivals 5. A．weaker B．lonelier C．calmer D．wiser 6. A．breakthrough B．assumption C．emergency D．conflict 7. A．content B．awkward C．innocent D．bad 8. A．campaign B．lecture C．conversation D．ceremony 9. A．remember B．accept C．abandon D．criticize 10. A．cultures B．lessons C．suggestions D．meanings 11. A．school B．explanation C．society D．light 12. A．transformation B．vision C．routine D．shelter 13. A．opinions B．differences C．mistakes D．disadvantages 14. A．reduced B．lacked C．understood D．regained 15. A．deliberately B．temporarily C．naturally D．systematically 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了主人公从印度尼西亚搬到丹麦后，经历了文化冲击和自我怀疑。她因自己的口音、外貌和背景而难以融入新环境，甚至试图隐藏自己的印尼文化根源。直到遇到一位智慧老人点醒她“自尊才能赢得尊重”，她才学会接纳自己的双重文化身份，并最终找回自信。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那寒冷的天空似乎映照出了我内心深处的困惑与自我怀疑。A. overlook忽略，不考虑；B. approach接近，靠近；C. mirror反射，映照；D. prevent阻止，妨碍。分析句意和语境可知，主语“The cold sky(寒冷的天空)”正是对“我”初来丹麦的心境“the confusion and self-doubt that settled in my heart(在我心中弥漫的困惑和自我怀疑)”的映照，即，天空映衬了内心状态。故选C项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这片新的土地上，我感觉自己像个局外人。A. agent代理，特工；B. outsider局外人，外来者；C. volunteer志愿者；D. consultant顾问。根据后文“in this new land(在这片新大陆上)”的“新土地”指代丹麦这个陌生的国家，同时结合下段内容“My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart.( 我的口音、我的外貌以及我的背景使我与众不同。)”可推知，“我”因文化差异而产生的疏离感，虽然生活在这里了，但自己像个局外人。故选B项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，我很难交到朋友。A. refused拒绝；B. promised答应，许诺；C. agreed同意；D. struggled挣扎，努力。根据后文“My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart.(我的口音、我的外貌以及我的背景使我与众不同。)”可推知，“我”因口音和背景差异而面临的交朋友的困难。“struggle to do”意为“挣扎着做某事”。故选D项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图掩盖自己印尼根源，希望能与我的丹麦同学友好相处。A. customs习俗，风俗；B. virtues美德，优点；C. roots根源；D. festivals节日。与后文“my Indonesian roots(我的印尼根源)”相呼应，这里也应是“roots”，指根源文化或身份背景。故选C项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我越是努力尝试，就越感到孤独。A. weaker较弱的；B. lonelier更孤单的；C. calmer更冷静的；D. wiser更明智的。根据前文“hoping to get along with my Danish classmates(希望能与我的丹麦同学友好相处)”可推知，作者在努力和同学友好相处，想交朋友，而句中的“But(但是)”表达转折，由此推知，作者没有交到朋友，更孤单了。故选B项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，在一个特别艰难的时期，我终于取得了突破。A. breakthrough突破，重大进展；B. assumption假定，假设；C. emergency突发事件，紧急情况；D. conflict争执，矛盾。根据后文“She listened to my story and then said to me, ‘You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.’(她听了我的讲述之后对我说：“如果你连自己都不先尊重好自己，就无法赢得他人的尊重。”)”可知，老妇人告诉了“我”一个道理，而后文“…but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was(但渐渐地，我学会了欣然接受真实的自己)”提及作者学会了接受并爱真实的自己，由此推知，遇到老妇人成为转折点和突破（breakthrough）。故选A项。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时我正坐在公园里，心情非常糟糕，这时我遇到了一位老妇人，于是我们开始交谈起来。A. content满足的，满意的；B. awkward令人尴尬的，使人难堪的；C. innocent天真的，幼稚的；D. bad不好的，令人不悦的。根据前文“One day, during a particularly difficult period(有一天，在一个特别艰难的时期里)” 可知，“我”处于艰难时期，感觉很不好。故选D项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我正坐在公园里，心情非常糟糕，这时我遇到了一位老妇人，于是我们开始交谈起来。A. campaign（有计划的）活动，运动；B. lecture讲座，讲课；C. conversation对话，交谈；D. ceremony仪式，典礼。根据后文“She listened to my story and then said to me(她听了我的讲述，然后对我说)”可知，他们两个进行了交谈。“strike up a conversation”是固定搭配，指发起谈话。故选C项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始接纳自己印尼根源，并与他人分享自己的故事和传统。A. remember记得，记住；B. accept接受，接纳；C. abandon遗弃；D. criticize批判，批评。根据后文“sharing stories and traditions with others(与他人分享故事和传统)”可知，“我”开始分享与自己文化有关的故事和传统，由此推知，“我”开始接纳自己。故选B项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会了欣赏独特的文化融合，这种融合造就了我。A. cultures文化；B. lessons课程，教训；C. suggestions建议； D. meanings意思，含义。根据语境可推知，“the unique mix(这种独特的融合)”应是指“我”处于丹麦，但又是在印尼长大，这是印度尼西亚和丹麦文化的融合。故选A项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我开始以全新的视角看待自己了。A. school学校；B. explanation解释，说明；C. society社会；D. light光，角度。根据前文“I learned to appreciate the unique mix…(我学会了欣赏这种独特的融合……)”可知，“我”开始欣赏自己，用一种新的视觉角度看待自己。“in a new light”是固定短语，意为“以新视角”。故选D项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并非是一蹴而就的转变，但渐渐地，我学会了欣然接受真实的自己。A. transformation（彻底或重大的）改观，变化，转变；B. vision眼力，远见；C. routine常规，惯例；D. shelter居所，庇护。根据后文“but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was(但渐渐地，我学会了欣然接纳真实的自己)”可知，“我”是逐渐学会欣然接纳自己的，这不是一夜之间的转变。故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，我的与众不同之处并非弱点，而是优点。A. opinions观点，看法；B. differences区别，不同；C. mistakes错误，过失；D. disadvantages缺点，不足。根据前文“My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart.(我的口音、我的外貌以及我的背景使我与众不同。)”以及“I began to hate myself for not being Danish enough.(我开始讨厌自己不够像丹麦人。)”可知，“我”的出身，文化背景等与当地丹麦人的不同之处曾被“我”看作为弱点。故选B项。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过接受真实的自我，我重新找回了自信。A. reduced减少，降低；B. lacked缺少，缺乏；C. understood理解，认识；D. regained重新获得，恢复。根据前文“I realized that my ____13 ___ were not weaknesses but strengths. By accepting my true self…(我意识到，我的与众不同之处并非弱点，而是优点。通过接纳真实的自我……)”可推知，“我”意识到自己不同其实是优点，那么接纳自己就使自己重拾了信心。故选D项。 15. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，我发现他人的尊重与接纳自然而然地就随之而来。A. deliberately故意地；B. temporarily暂时地，临时地；C. naturally自然而然地；D. systematically系统地，有条理地。根据前文老妇人的话“You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.(如果你不先尊重自己，就无法赢得他人的尊重。)”可推知，当“我”开始接纳，尊重自己，那么其他人也会自然而然地的尊重“我”。故选C项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 People don’t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time with friends or read 1 book. This “coffee shop culture” is highly popular in the UK. There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. Most coffee shops have a relaxed atmosphere (气氛).People go with friends or family to talk and relax after going 2 (shop). Also, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places 3 (read) in peace, or to sit and write. In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist (存在), or, at least, 4 (be) still very new. Famous   5 its coffee I imagined that even the 6 (small) Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are not as common as I had expected. The ones that do exist are very different from those in the HK. They are places where you go, have a quick drink and then leave at once. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoy a   7 (peace) moment. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, clearly, silly. Every time I go alone with a book, some customers look at me   8 ( strange). This may be the culture only in Pasto, 9 is a beautiful place; other Colombian   10 (city) perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture. 【答案】 1. a 2. shopping. 3. to read 4. is 5. for 6. smallest 7. peaceful 8. strangely 9. which 10. cities 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国、哥伦比亚和香港等几个地区不同的咖啡馆文化。 1. 考查冠词。句意：人们去咖啡店并不总是为了喝一杯，而是为了和朋友共度时光或读一本书。泛指“一本书”，用不定冠词修饰。且book首字母的发音为辅音因素。故填a。 2. 考查固定短语。句意：在购物后，人们会和朋友或家人一起去聊天、放松一下。go shopping购物，为固定短语。故填shopping。 3. 考查不定式。句意：咖啡店是安静阅读或静坐写作的好地方。place后一般接不定式作定语，表示“ ……的地方”。故填to read。 4. 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：然而，在哥伦比亚，咖啡馆文化并不真正存在，或者，至少，它仍然是非常新的。句中or连接并列的成分；根据前半句does not really exist可知，句子是叙述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子主语the coffee shop culture是单数意义，be动词应用is。 故填is。 5. 考查介词。句意：（哥伦比亚）以咖啡闻名，我想像，即使是哥伦比亚最小的村庄也会有咖啡店。be famous for因……而出名。符合句意。故填for。 6. 考查最高级。句意：（哥伦比亚）以咖啡闻名，我想像，即使是哥伦比亚最小的村庄也会有咖啡店。根据句意和the可知，表示最小的。故填smallest。 7. 考查形容词。句意：没有人会花一个下午的时间享受宁静的时刻。形容词peaceful作定语，修饰名词。故填peaceful。 8. 考查副词。句意：每次我独自带着一本书去，其他顾客都会奇怪地看着我。副词strangely作状语修饰动词。故填strangely。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：这可能只是美丽的帕斯托的文化；哥伦比亚其他城市的咖啡店文化可能更发达。先行词为Pasto ，关系词作非限制性定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 10. 考查名词。句意：这可能只是美丽的帕斯托的文化；哥伦比亚其他城市的咖啡店文化可能更发达。city为可数名词，且有other修饰，用复数形式。故填cities。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A group of researchers and scientists from home and abroad are working together 1 (record) and collect digital images of the cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, in an effort to promote 2 (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 3 (produce) since the international project started in 1994. The Mogao Caves, as 4 key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history, have long been a meeting point for different cultures. The caves are as international as they were at the time 5 people travelled the Silk Road. The group hopes to promote even 6 (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of 7 (protect) historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher working 8 the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage 9 (be) very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other 10 (country) is very important for international communication and understanding.” 【答案】 1. to record 2. appreciation 3. have been produced 4. a 5. when 6. wider 7. protecting 8. on 9. is 10. countries 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了莫高窟文物数字图像采集工作的进程、历史重要性以及采集来的数字图像的用途。 1. 考查不定式。句意：一群来自国内外的研究人员和科学家正在共同努力，记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像，以促进对中国古代文化遗产的欣赏。空格处单词表达科学家们一起努力工作的目的，所以使用不定式作目的状语。故填to record。 2. 考查名词。句意：一群来自国内外的研究人员和科学家正在共同努力，记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像，以促进对中国古代文化遗产的欣赏。动词promote后应用名词appreciation作宾语。故填appreciation。 3. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：自从1994年这个国际项目开始以来，已经拍摄了近50万张高质量的数码照片。由since可知，这句话应使用现在完成时。主语digital photographs与produce之间是被动关系，所以应使用被动语态。且主语是复数形式，故填have been produced。 4. 考查冠词。句意：莫高窟作为中国古代丝绸之路上的重要一站，长期以来一直是不同文化的交汇点。泛指“一站”，用不定冠词修饰，且key首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：这些洞穴与人们沿着丝绸之路旅行时一样具有国际性。先行词为the time，在定语从句中作时间状语，关系副词为when。故填when。 6. 考查形容词比较级。句意：通过在网上分享这些数字影像，这个小组的成员希望提高世界各地的人们对中国历史、文化、传统更广泛的兴趣。空格位于名词前，应用形容词形式。even修饰形容词的比较级，故填wider。 7. 考查动名词。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们关于保护历史文化遗产的重要性，以便后代理解和欣赏。介词of后接动名词作宾语。故填protecting。 8. 考查介词。句意：正如一位参与该项目的研究人员所解释的那样，“欣赏自己的文化遗产对于了解自己非常重要”work on“从事于”符合句意。故填on。 9. 考查主谓一致。句意：同上。陈述事实，为一般现在时。动名词做主语，谓语用单数，be动词用is。故填is。 10. 考查名词。句意：欣赏其他国家的文化遗产对国际交流和理解非常重要。country为可数名词，且有other修饰，表示不止一个，用复数形式。故填countries。 Passage 3 Every culture has its own way to show friendship. On 1 islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first 2 (settle) on the islands long ago, aloha has a very special meaning: to be with happiness. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is one of the 3 ( important ) signs of friendship . It is called lokahi in the Hawaiian language,which means oneness(和谐)with all people. 4 (enjoy)the land,you should not be selfish. The land is 5 everyone who lives on it. Today many different peoples call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place 6 people make one big community from many smaller 7 ( community ) . Each person gives kokua ( help ) to other people so that all feel stronger. It is believed that the islands can be a paradise(天堂)when people live peacefully. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people 8 (ask) to solve them with understanding. So when the people of Hawaii talk about family, they are 9 (actual) talking about all those 10 (live)on the islands. 【答案】 1. the 2. settled 3. most important 4. To enjoy/Enjoying 5. for 6. where 7. communities 8. are asked 9. actually 10. living 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了夏威夷岛上居民之间和谐友爱的相处方式。 1. 考查冠词。句意：在夏威夷群岛上，友谊是“阿罗哈精神”的一部分。此处特指“夏威夷群岛”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 2. 考查时态。句意为：在很久以前第一批在岛上定居的夏威夷人的语言中，aloha有一个非常特殊的含义：与幸福同在。设空处为who引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，根据从句的时间状语long ago可知，该从句应用一般过去时。故填settled。 3. 考查最高级。句意：这是友谊最重要的标志之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数为常用结构，意为“最……的……之一”。故设空处应用最高级形式，在前面加most。故填most important。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：要享受土地，你不应该自私。分析句子结构结构可知enjoy与you之间为逻辑上的主动关系，此处可用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了享受这个岛(上的生活)”；也可用现在分词形式作时间状语，表示“当你享受这个岛(上的生活)的时候”。故填To enjoy/Enjoying。 5. 考查介词。句意：这地是给一切住在其上的人的。此处表示“这片土地是为了生活在岛上的人的”，应用介词for。故填for。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，夏威夷是一个由许多小社区组成一个大社区的地方。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a place,关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。 7. 考查名词的是数。句意：事实上，夏威夷是一个由许多小社区组成一个大社区的地方。community为可数名词，其前有many修饰，应用复数形式。故填communities。 8. 考查时态语态。句意：当问题发生时，要求人们用理解来解决问题。本文主体时态为一般现在时，客观介绍夏威夷的情况，因此，此处也应用一般现在时；people与ask之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are asked。 9. 考查副词。句意：所以当夏威夷人谈论家庭时，他们实际上是指所有生活在岛上的人。设空处修饰动词短语 talking about应用副词actually。故填actually。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以当夏威夷人谈论家庭时，他们实际上是指所有生活在岛上的人。分析句子结构可知，_____(live) on the islands在句中作定语，修饰代词those指代“住在岛上的人”，且live与those之间为逻辑上的主动关系，设空处应用现在分词形式。故填living。 5 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$春季高考·必胜 第6讲 名词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、名词的分类：按属性及可数性划分 名词根据 “专有属性” 和 “可数性” 可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词进一步细分为可数名词（个体、集体）和不可数名词（物质、抽象），需明确不同类别名词的语法特征。 一级 二级 三级 核心特征 示例 专有名词 —— —— 表特定人 / 物 / 机构，首字母大写，无复数 Guangzhou, John, the Great Wall 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表独立个体，有单复数形式 desk, book, teacher 集体名词 表一群人 / 物的集合，可表单数（整体）或复数（成员） family（家庭 / 家人）, team（团队 / 队员） 不可数名词 物质名词 表无法分割的实物，无复数，谓语用单数 water, air, rice, bread 抽象名词 表品质 / 状态 / 情感等抽象概念，无复数 love, peace, health, homework 注意事项： 1. 集体名词的数：强调 “整体” 时视为单数（The family is happy.），强调 “成员” 时视为复数（The family are watching TV.）。 2. 不可数名词的 “隐性复数”：不可数名词无形式变化，表 “多种类” 时可加 “s”（如：tea→teas 多种茶，fish→fishes 多种鱼）。 3. 专有名词的特殊性：含普通名词的专有名词需加定冠词 the（如：the Summer Palace），纯专有名词（人名、地名）一般不加 the（如：Beijing）。 二、可数名词复数：规则与不规则变化 可数名词复数形式分为规则变化（按词尾规律变形）和不规则变化（需特殊记忆），掌握变形规则是正确使用名词的基础。 （1）规则变化表 词尾特征 变形规则 示例 一般情况 直接加 “s” map→maps, book→books 以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾 加 “es” bus→buses, watch→watches, dish→dishes 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 “es” baby→babies, country→countries 以 “元音 + y” 结尾 直接加 “s” day→days, monkey→monkeys 以 f/fe 结尾 变 f/fe 为 v 加 “es” wife→wives, knife→knives, shelf→shelves 以 o 结尾 有生命加 “es”，无生命加 “s” hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes；piano→pianos, photo→photos （2）不规则变化表 变形 规则说明 示例 元音变化 a→e，oo→ee man→men, woman→women；tooth→teeth, foot→feet 词尾加 “ren” 特殊名词后加 “ren” child→children, ox→oxen 单复数同形 形式不变，需结合语境判断数 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese “国人” 特殊变化 中日不变，英法变（man→men），其余加 “s” Japanese→Japanese；Englishman→Englishmen；American→Americans, German→Germans 注意事项： 1. 特殊 “o” 结尾词：“hero, tomato, potato, mango” 需加 “es”（可记口诀 “英雄爱吃西红柿、土豆和芒果”），其余 “o” 结尾词（如 radio, zoo）加 “s”。 2. 复合名词复数：“man/woman + 名词” 构成的复合词，两者均变复数（如：man teacher→men teachers）；其他复合词只变后一个名词（如：book store→book stores）。 3. 易混淆单复数同形词：“means（方法）、series（系列）” 单复数同形，不可误加 “s”。 三、名词所有格：’s 所有格、of 所有格及双重所有格 名词所有格表示 “所属关系”，不同场景需选择不同形式，核心区分 “有生命 / 无生命” 及 “共同拥有 / 各自拥有”。 所有格 适用场景 构成规则 示例 ’s 所有格 有生命的人 / 物；时间、距离、国家等名词 单数：词尾加 “’s”；复数：以 s 结尾加 “’”，不以 s 结尾加 “’s” Tom’s book；teachers’ office；today’s newspaper 共同拥有：最后一个名词加 “’s” Mike and John’s room（两人共有的房间） Lily and Lucy’s mother is a doctor. 各自拥有：每个名词加 “’s” Tom’s and Mary’s bags（两人各自的包） Jack’s and Mike’s bikes are both blue. of 所有格 无生命的名词；部分有生命的名词 名词 A + of + 名词 B（表 “B 的 A”） the window of the house；the name of the girl 双重所有格 表 “其中之一” 或 “部分所属” 名词 + of + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 a friend of my father’s（我爸爸的一个朋友）；a book of mine（我的一本书） 注意事项： 1. ’s 所有格的省略：表 “店铺、住宅、诊所” 等场所时，所有格后可省略名词（如：the barber’s=the barber’s shop 理发店）。 2. 数词 - 名词复合修饰：带连字符的 “数词 - 名词” 作定语时，名词需用单数（如：a 3-day holiday 三天的假期，不可写成 3-days）。 3. 避免重复：双重所有格中 “of” 已表所属，不可再用 “the” 修饰（错误：a friend of the my father’s；正确：a friend of my father’s）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．He found two (pot), each wrapped in newspaper. 2．A large number of (church) fell into ruin after the revolution. 3．They use the camels for carrying water, food, (tent) and something else. 4．She wasn’t tall enough to reach those (branch). 5．It is said that (dinosaur) were living 200 million years ago. 6．Now, if it is all stories, I believe we are the (narrator). 7．Why does the professor mention a conversation between two (servant)? 8．That is why there is a (say): better to prevent than cure. 9．One of his most popular (scene) was of a storm. 10．It is wrong to misuse our natural (resource). 11． (pattern) of language learning and language use are complex. 12．What is worse, she got a serious head (injure) in the accident. 13．One of the first (crop) that I grew when we came here was wheat. 14．Then came those magic (moment) in the rose garden. 15．The house has all the modern (convenient). 二、完成句子 1. You need . 你需要帮助。 2. Have you ask yourself why people often have in English? 你有没有问过自己为什么人们经常在学习英语上有困难？ 3. We are trying to make . 我们正努力使我们的国家更美。 4. 这个青少年通过不断的努力和成就获得了信心。 The gained through his consistent efforts and achievements. 5. The fascinating landscape of this city is sure to be         your eyes. 这座城市迷人的景色一定会让你大饱眼福。 6. 学生应该学习如何应对压力。 → Students should learn how to cope with . 7. Tom is because he never tells lies. 汤姆是一个诚实的男孩，因为他从不说谎。 8. At present, has about 6,800 languages. 目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。 9. In less than one minute, a large city lay in . 不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。 10. Water, food and were hard to get. 水、食物和电很难得到。 11. A summary should be around one third the of the original text. 摘要应该是原文长度的三分之一。 12. He said he had to before the examination. 他说他得在考试前复习历史。 13. 人们越来越关注环境保护。（concern） There is growing environmental protection. 14. 他在新设计上做得更仔细了。 He worked much more carefully on the new 15. 这种设备可以在现场将垃圾转化为清洁能源。（turn） The device can clean energy right on site. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Today was another enlightening day at my new American school. Back in China, lunchtime is a 1 hour. We eat, talk, and most importantly, take a short nap (小睡) to 2 for the afternoon. This relaxing routine of our midday break allowed for a 3 escape from the day’s demands. But here? It’s like a 4 against the clock. The bell rang, and everyone 5 to the cafeteria. I followed, naively (天真地) thinking I’d have 6 time to eat and perhaps even close my eyes for a moment. However, I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. Where did the time go? And the nap? Forget about it. There’s no 7 for that comfort here. In China, we have these cozy mats in the classroom for our post-lunch rest. But in America, the 8 of napping in school seems as 9 to them as the absence of a nap is to me. At first, I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes. I 10 that brief break we get in China. But then I noticed something. Even without the nap, my classmates were hardly tired. Perhaps they’re used to this fast schedule, or maybe they 11 on pure youthful energy. Who knows? I’m beginning to 12 that life here is simply faster. People eat 13 , converse rapidly, and shift swiftly. It’s a(n) 14   with the life style back in China, but perhaps it’s not harmful, just another 15 of life. 1. A．cherished B．productive C．fixed D．secure 2. A．fight B．recharge C．depress D．evaluate 3. A．narrow B．secret C．desperate D．peaceful 4. A．march B．test C．race D．game 5. A．paraded B．wandered C．leapt D．rushed 6. A．logical B．sufficient C．limited D．solid 7. A．excuse B．initiative C．category D．access 8. A．concept B．application C．competence D．knowledge 9. A．scary B．odd C．awkward D．shallow 10. A．replaced B．engaged C．missed D．exposed 11. A．operate B．insist C．concentrate D．reflect 12. A．consider B．anticipate C．grasp D．imagine 13. A．regularly B．hurriedly C．properly D．literally 14. A．agreement B．interaction C．contrary D．contrast 15. A．manner B．circumstance C．fault D．challenge Passage 2 British brothers James and Thomas Lindesay have spent months traveling across the Great Wall of China on foot. They 1 3,263 kilometres, a remarkable achievement at any time. Their 2 to complete this adventure came from their father, William Lindesay, who 3 along the Wall decades ago and attracted a great deal of media attention. Born in 1956 in Liverpool, William became 4 about the Wall later in his life. In 1987, he made the 5 in China by hiking the Wall. He has committed over 30 years to the protection of the structure, and has 6 10 books on the Wall based on his knowledge and experiences. His action and books influenced his two sons, who now share his 7 in the Wall. In 2016, the Lindesay brothers flew drones (无人机) at many 8 along the Wall and edited video works on the 9 of the Wall, hoping to keep it safe from damage. Not 10 with merely documenting parts of the Wall, the young brothers 11 wanted to find a new way to experience the structure and finally they 12 hiking its length, following in their father’s footsteps. The brothers’ trip was 13 than they had imagined. They met many difficulties. But 14 the great wonder was life-changing, which gave them a better 15 of the structure and the history behind it. 1. A．challenged B．covered C．measured D．expanded 2. A．desire B．tendency C．ability D．agreement 3. A．continued B．jogged C．journeyed D．researched 4. A．anxious B．particular C．serious D．enthusiastic 5. A．headlines B．changes C．connection D．difference 6. A．purchased B．recommended C．reviewed D．authored 7. A．pride B．success C．interest D．faith 8. A．buildings B．sections C．stages D．villages 9. A．preservation B．tour C．condition D．feature 10. A．familiar B．satisfied C．careful D．busy 11. A．gradually B．occasionally C．desperately D．blindly 12. A．dreamed of B．carried on C．learned of D．decided on 13. A．tougher B．funner C．greater D．shorter 14. A．evaluating B．exploring C．repairing D．recording 15. A．memory B．assessment C．impression D．understanding Passage 3 Growing up in Indonesia, I was surrounded by rich traditions and a sense of belonging. But when my family moved to Denmark, everything changed. The cold sky seemed to 1 the confusion and self-doubt that settled in my heart. I felt like a(n) 2 in this new land. In school, I 3 to make friends. My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart. I tried to hide my Indonesian 4 , hoping to get along with my Danish classmates. But the more I tried, the 5 I felt. I began to hate myself for not being Danish enough. One day, during a particularly difficult period, I had a(n) 6 . I was sitting in the park at the time, feeling very 7 about myself, when I met an elderly woman who struck up a 8 . She listened to my story and then said to me, “You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.” Her words stayed with me. I began to 9 my Indonesian roots, sharing stories and traditions with others. I learned to appreciate the unique mix of 10 that made me who I was. Slowly, I started to see myself in a new 11 . It wasn’t an overnight 12 , but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was. I realized that my 13 were not weaknesses but strengths. By accepting my true self, I 14 my confidence. And by doing so, I discovered that respect and acceptance from others followed 15 . 1. A．overlook B．approach C．mirror D．prevent 2. A．agent B．outsider C．volunteer D．consultant 3. A．refused B．promised C．agreed D．struggled 4. A．customs B．virtues C．roots D．festivals 5. A．weaker B．lonelier C．calmer D．wiser 6. A．breakthrough B．assumption C．emergency D．conflict 7. A．content B．awkward C．innocent D．bad 8. A．campaign B．lecture C．conversation D．ceremony 9. A．remember B．accept C．abandon D．criticize 10. A．cultures B．lessons C．suggestions D．meanings 11. A．school B．explanation C．society D．light 12. A．transformation B．vision C．routine D．shelter 13. A．opinions B．differences C．mistakes D．disadvantages 14. A．reduced B．lacked C．understood D．regained 15. A．deliberately B．temporarily C．naturally D．systematically 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 People don’t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time with friends or read 1 book. This “coffee shop culture” is highly popular in the UK. There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. Most coffee shops have a relaxed atmosphere (气氛).People go with friends or family to talk and relax after going 2 (shop). Also, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places 3 (read) in peace, or to sit and write. In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist (存在), or, at least, 4 (be) still very new. Famous   5 its coffee I imagined that even the 6 (small) Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are not as common as I had expected. The ones that do exist are very different from those in the HK. They are places where you go, have a quick drink and then leave at once. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoy a   7 (peace) moment. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, clearly, silly. Every time I go alone with a book, some customers look at me   8 ( strange). This may be the culture only in Pasto, 9 is a beautiful place; other Colombian   10 (city) perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture. Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A group of researchers and scientists from home and abroad are working together 1 (record) and collect digital images of the cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, in an effort to promote 2 (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 3 (produce) since the international project started in 1994. The Mogao Caves, as 4 key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history, have long been a meeting point for different cultures. The caves are as international as they were at the time 5 people travelled the Silk Road. The group hopes to promote even 6 (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of 7 (protect) historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher working 8 the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage 9 (be) very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other 10 (country) is very important for international communication and understanding.” Passage 3 Every culture has its own way to show friendship. On 1 islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first 2 (settle) on the islands long ago, aloha has a very special meaning: to be with happiness. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is one of the 3 ( important ) signs of friendship . It is called lokahi in the Hawaiian language,which means oneness(和谐)with all people. 4 (enjoy)the land,you should not be selfish. The land is 5 everyone who lives on it. Today many different peoples call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place 6 people make one big community from many smaller 7 ( community ) . Each person gives kokua ( help ) to other people so that all feel stronger. It is believed that the islands can be a paradise(天堂)when people live peacefully. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people 8 (ask) to solve them with understanding. So when the people of Hawaii talk about family, they are 9 (actual) talking about all those 10 (live)on the islands. 4 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$