第5讲 冠词-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第5讲 冠词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、不定冠词 a/an：用法、区分及固定搭配 不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词，表 “某一个”“某一类” 或泛指职业等，核心需掌握 a/an 的区分规则及特殊用法场景。 类别 具体规则 / 用法 示例 核心含义 1. 泛指人 / 物中的 “某一个” 2. 泛指一类人 / 物 3. 表示 “每一”（相当于 every） 4. 使抽象 / 物质名词具体化 He is a doctor.（表职业） A dog is a loyal animal.（表一类） twice a week（表每一） It’s a pleasure to meet you.（具体化） a/an 区分 1. a + 辅音音素开头的单词 2. an + 元音音素开头的单词 3. 特殊：“U” 开头表 “辅音音素” 用 a；“h” 不发音用 an a tree, a useful book an apple, an hour a university, an honest boy 固定短语 需搭配 a/an 的常见短语 have a good time, in a hurry, a pair of 注意事项： 1. 音素而非字母判断：a/an 的选择取决于单词发音的首个音素，而非字母（如 “hour” 以 “h” 开头但不发音，用 an）。 2. 不可修饰复数 / 不可数名词：不定冠词仅用于单数可数名词前（错误：a books；正确：a book）。 3. 特殊 “U” 开头单词：“usual, European, useful” 等单词中 “U” 发 /juː/（辅音音素），需用 a（可通过口诀 “平常的我穿上欧洲的校服去上有用的大学，学了一个单元” 记忆）。 二、定冠词 the：核心用法及场景分类 定冠词 the 表 “特指”，可用于第二次提及、独一无二的事物、专有名词等场景，需结合语境判断 “特指” 范围。 用法场景 说明 示例 特指相关 1. 第二次提到的人 / 物 2. 双方都知道的人 / 物 3. 有修饰语的特指人 / 物 I have a cat. The cat is black. Turn down the radio.（双方知晓） The girl in red is my sister. 固定类别 1. 世界独一无二的事物 2. 序数词 / 最高级前 3. 方位名词前 4. 西方乐器前 The sun, the moon The first day, the best student in the east play the piano 专有名词相关 1. 江河 / 山脉 / 建筑等专有名词 2. 姓氏复数前（表一家人） The Yellow River, the Great Wall The Smiths（史密斯一家） 注意事项： 1. 不可滥用 “特指”：泛指一类人 / 物时不用 the（错误：The dogs are cute；正确：Dogs are cute）。 2. 学科 / 语言前不用 the：如 “learn English”“study maths”（符合零冠词用法）。 3. 固定短语中的 the 不可省略：如 “in the morning”“by the way”，需与零冠词短语区分（如 “by bus” 无 the）。 三、零冠词：适用场景及常见搭配 零冠词即不使用冠词，常用于泛指不可数名词、学科、三餐、球类等场景，需注意与冠词用法的对比区分。 适用场景 说明 示例 名词限定相关 名词前已有 this/that/my/your 等限定词时 This book is mine.（不用 the/a） His pen is red. 泛指相关 1. 泛指不可数名词 2. 泛指复数名词 3. 学科、语言名词 Rice is a staple food. Students should study hard. We learn Chinese and physics. 固定搭配 1. 三餐、球类运动前 2. 季节、节日、星期前 3. 交通方式短语 have breakfast, play football in summer, on Sunday by bus, on foot 注意事项： 1. 特指不可数名词需用 the：泛指时用零冠词，特指时加 the（如 “Water is important.”（泛指）；“The water in the glass is cold.”（特指））。 2. 节日前的例外：含 “Festival” 的节日前可加 the（如 “the Spring Festival”），不含的直接用零冠词（如 “Teachers' Day”）。 3. 球类与乐器的区别：球类运动前用零冠词（play basketball），西方乐器前需加 the（play the violin），不可混淆。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．The teacher always tells us amazing story before class. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：老师总是在课前给我们讲一个精彩的故事。本空泛指“一个精彩的故事”，且amazing以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．After work in the coming holiday, I will enjoy adventure camp in the mountain. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在即将到来的假期下班后，我将在山里参加一个探险营。camp为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处需要一个冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个探险营”为泛指意义，“adventure”是以元音音素开头的单词，因此应用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．No sugar, butter or cheese for me, please. I’m going on diet now. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：请不要给我糖、黄油或奶酪。我现在正在节食。根据句意可知，此处表示“节食”，应用固定短语go on a diet，其中diet为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且diet的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．He represented himself as employee in order to get the files. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：为了得到这些文件，他自称是一名员工。空格处修饰可数名词单数employee，且employee是以元音音素开头的单词，因此需用不定冠词an表示“一名”。故填an。 5．When the theater caught fire, there was panic. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：剧院着火时，人们惊慌失措。此处泛指“一阵恐慌，恐慌局面”，且panic以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．This job offers me real challenge. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：这份工作给了我一个真正的挑战。分析句子可知，设空处应填冠词修饰可数名词单数challenge，此处表示泛指“一个挑战”，且real是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a，符合语境。故填a。 7．Because it means you’ve made difference. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：因为这意味着你已经产生了影响。make a difference是固定短语，意为“有影响；起作用”，其中difference是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，所以前面需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 8．I can make bet with you that you must pass the exam. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我可以和你打赌，你一定能通过考试。make a bet为固定搭配，意为“打赌”。故填a。 9．That is, we smile because we’re happy, but also to extent we can make ourselves happier by smiling. 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：也就是说，我们微笑是因为我们快乐，但在某种程度上，我们也可以通过微笑让自己更快乐。to an extent是固定短语，意为“在某种程度上”，其中extent为可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰，符合“说明微笑对提升快乐感存在一定作用”的语境。故填an。 10．As result, there were very few textbooks for the students to use. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：因此，供学生使用的教科书很少。as a result意为“因此”，为固定搭配。故填a。 11．You should try to combine exercise with healthy diet. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：你应该尝试把运动和健康饮食结合起来。diet在此处为可数名词，意为“日常饮食”，且healthy是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a修饰限定，来泛指“一种健康的饮食”。故填a。 12．At first, Jordan was only replacement in the Bulls. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：起初，乔丹只是在公牛队的替补球员而已。此处replacement为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 13．Nothing can take place of real love and family togetherness. 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：没有什么能取代真正的爱和家庭团聚。take the place of“代替……”是固定短语。故填the。 14．It was relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：能和别人谈论这件事，真是一种解脱。空白处后面有名词relief，表示“一种解脱”，表泛指，且relief 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词 a 修饰。故填 a。 二、完成句子 1. 他在电影中扮演一个硬汉的形象。 He plays the image of in the film. 【答案】 a tough guy 【详解】考查形容词和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“一个硬汉”，是a tough guy，故填a，tough，guy。 2. 他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。(shock) His death was to us all. 【答案】a great shock 【详解】考查名词和形容词。表示“大的”应用形容词great；表示“震惊”应用名词shock；分析句子结构和意思可知，shock是可数名词，前面用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，“一个”的意思，great的第一个音素是辅音音素，前面用a。故填a great shock。 3. 我感觉到很不愉快，因为她对我们说了谎。 I’ve got as she lied to us. 【答案】a horrible feeling 【详解】考查形容词和名词。空处表示“感到很不愉快”，“感觉”使用名词feeling作宾语，“很不愉快”使用形容词horrible作定语，修饰名词feeling，feeling为可数名词，表示泛指，其前用不定冠词修饰，horrible以辅音音素开头，故填a horrible feeling。 4. Tom is because he never tells lies. 汤姆是一个诚实的男孩，因为他从不说谎。 【答案】an honest boy 【详解】考查形容词、名词。表示“男孩”用名词boy，作表语；表示“诚实的”用形容词honest，作前置定语，修饰名词boy。此处表示泛指“一个诚实的男孩”，且honest是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an honest boy。 5. At present, has about 6,800 languages. 目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。 【答案】the world 【详解】考查冠词及名词。“世界”译为world，为独一无二的事物，其前需加定冠词the，构成固定搭配 the world“世界”，作主语。故填the world。 6. 周末我一般比平时晚起床一个小时。 On weekends I usually get up hour than usual. 【答案】 an later 【详解】考查冠词和副词的比较级。hour为可数名词，根据句意这里指泛指“一个小时”，hour元音开头，故第一个空要填an修饰hour。late意为“迟，晚”符合句意，根据than可知这里要用其比较级，故第二空填later。故填①an②later。 7. The captain of the team ought to set for all the teammates. 队长应该为所有队员树立榜样。 【答案】 an example 【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“榜样”，由前面的set可知，空格处是固定短语set an example，意为“树立榜样”，因此空格处是an example，故填an，example。 8. 这就是会让雇主们印象深刻的热情类型。 That’s the sort of passion that will make impression on employers. 【答案】an 【详解】考查固定搭配。“让某人印象深刻”为固定搭配make an impression on sb.，故填an。 9. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 It’s well-known that China is . 【答案】a developing country 【详解】考查冠词和名词短语。根据句意可知，表示“一个”可用不定冠词a表泛指；表示“发展中国家”可用名词短语developing country；故答案为a developing country。 10. 大卫在他的同学中是一个优秀的学生。 David is among his classmates. 【答案】 an outstanding student 【详解】考查形容词和名词。表示“优秀的”应用形容词outstanding，修饰名词student，主语为David，故应用不定冠词，且outstanding是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填①an；②outstanding；③student。 11. 明天他要去看望在车祸中受伤的学生们。 He will go to see the students tomorrow. 【答案】injured in the car accident 【详解】考查非谓语动词、介词、冠词、名词。分析句子结构可知，本空为定语，修饰名词students。表示“伤害”用动词injure，与名词students为动宾关系，故用过去分词injured作定语，表示被动。表示“在……之中”用in。表示“说话人与听者已知的事情”用定冠词the。表示“车祸”用car accident。表示“在车祸中”用in the car accident，其中the car accident作介词in的宾语。故填injured in the car accident。 12. The guards outside the tent exchanged at his approach. 看到他靠近，帐篷外的守卫们忧心忡忡地交换了一下眼神。 【答案】an anxious look 【详解】考查冠词、形容词和名词。根据汉语提示可知，名词look作宾语，表示一个眼神用单数形式，“忧心忡忡”翻译为anxious，作定语，其首字母的发音为元音音素，不定冠词为an。故填an anxious look。 13. I prefer the design to the . 比起后者的设计方案，我更喜欢前者的。 【答案】 former latter 【详解】考查名词。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“后者”和“前者”，都为固定词组，the former意为“前者”，the latter意为“后者”。故填①former，②latter。 14. 随着时间的推移，你会发现自己逐渐成长为一个全面发展的人。 In time you will find yourself . 【答案】a well-rounded individual 【详解】考查冠词、形容词、名词。表示“全面发展的”用形容词well-rounded，作前置定语，修饰名词“个人”。表示“个人”用名词individual，作宾补。此处泛指“一个全面发展的人”，且well-rounded以辅音音素开头，well-rounded前应用不定冠词a。故填a well-rounded individual。 15. were sitting at table when I got to their house. 当我到达格林家时，他们一家人正在吃饭。 【答案】The Greens 【详解】考查名词、冠词。表示“一家人”或“某家的人”时，常用“the+姓氏的复数形式”来表示。表示“格林一家人”用the Greens，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。故填The Greens。 30．She is as a teacher. 她是一名成功的教师。 【答案】a success 【详解】考查冠词、名词。表示“成功的人”用success，作表语。此处为泛指“一名成功的教师”，且success以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a success。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 In Lulea, a city in northern Sweden, the sun only shines around three hours a day in the winter months. People tend to 1 warm at home and that can be very lonely. To help 2 winter loneliness, the local government is asking everyone to just say 3 to each other. Asa Koski, a city official, 4 the idea. She wants the city to be a friendlier, and less lonely place for the 5 . “We don’t just want that our city is going to grow as a city itself; we want it to be a 6 , safe and friendly city as well where there’s 7 , leisure activities and sport.” Koski told The Guardian. She added that being seen and 8 by strangers makes you feel like you belong. “The research shows that it has a great 9 on health and often an effect on wanting to help each other,” Koski said. The new campaign is a simple way to 10 lonely people, but for a country known for people being reserved, it is a very big 11 . To encourage people to say “hi”, the proposal is now being 12 on buses, in schools, and even in workshops. 13 , more and more people are becoming to realize the importance of greeting. These connections make people feel more 14 and safe in their communities, reduce the problem of loneliness, and make 15 with neighbors less likely. 1. A．turn B．start C．stay D．become 2. A．fight B．challenge C．find D．survive 3. A．yes B．goodbye C．sorry D．hello 4. A．kept up with B．came up with C．caught up with D．put up with 5. A．families B．travelers C．citizens D．officials 6. A．pleasant B．crowded C．rich D．quiet 7. A．nature B．knowledge C．literature D．culture 8. A．visited B．greeted C．helped D．encouraged 9. A．decision B．burden C．influence D．impression 10. A．connect B．recognize C．introduce D．remember 11. A．tool B．method C．fact D．step 12. A．proved B．advertised C．recorded D．believed 13. A．Similarly B．Obviously C．Gradually D．Generally 14. A．recognized B．realized C．confirmed D．supported 15. A．performance B．adventure C．failure D．trouble 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了瑞典北部城市Lulea为减少冬季孤独感而发起的相互问候活动。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们倾向于待在家里保暖，这可能会非常孤独。A. turn转动；B. start开始；C. stay停留；D. become成为。根据上文“the sun only shines around three hours a day in the winter months”以及后文的“warm at home”和“that can be very lonely”可知，人们喜欢待在家里保暖，这会导致孤独。stay at home意为“待在家里”，符合语境。故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助对抗冬季的孤独，当地政府要求每个人都要互相问好。A. fight对抗，与……作斗争；B. challenge挑战；C. find发现；D. survive幸存。根据后文的“winter loneliness, the local government is asking everyone to just say 3 to each other.”以及“She wants the city to be a friendlier, and less lonely place...”可知，当地政府是为了对抗冬季的孤独而采取行动的。故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助对抗冬季的孤独，当地政府要求每个人都要互相问好。A. yes是的；B. goodbye再见；C. sorry抱歉；D. hello你好。根据前文的“To help 2 winter loneliness, the local government is asking everyone to just say”和后文的“to each other”可知，为了帮助对抗冬季的孤独，当地政府是要求人们互相问好。say hello to sb意为“向某人问好”，符合语境。故选D。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Asa Koski，一位城市官员，提出了这个想法。A. kept up with跟上；B. came up with提出；C. caught up with追上；D. put up with忍受。根据后文的“the idea”可知，Asa Koski是提出这个想法的人。故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她希望这个城市对市民来说是一个更友好、更少孤独的地方。A. families家庭；B. travelers旅行者；C. citizens市民；D. officials官员。根据前文的“the local government”和“a city official”、“She wants the city to be a friendlier, and less lonely place for the”可知，Asa Koski是希望这个城市对市民们来说更好。故选C。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不仅希望我们的城市本身会发展；我们还希望它是一个愉快、安全和友好的城市，那里有文化、休闲活动和体育。A. pleasant令人愉快的，宜人的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. rich富有的；D. quiet安静的。根据前文的“She wants the city to be a friendlier, and less lonely place”和后文的“safe and friendly city”可知，Asa Koski是希望这个城市是令人愉快的城市。故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不仅希望我们的城市本身会发展；我们还希望它是一个愉快、安全和友好的城市，那里有文化、休闲活动和体育。A. nature自然；B. knowledge知识；C. literature文学；D. culture文化。根据后文的“leisure activities and sport”可知，空处与后文并列，列举城市应具备的多种特质，这里这个城市里有文化、休闲活动等。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，被陌生人看到和问候会让你觉得自己属于这里。A. visited拜访；B. greeted问候；C. helped帮助；D. encouraged鼓励。根据前文的“the local government is asking everyone to just say 3 to each other.”和后文的“by strangers makes you feel like you belong”可知，当地政府要求每个人都要互相问好，这里是在说被陌生人看到和问候，让人觉得自己属于这里。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Koski说：“研究表明，这对健康有很大的影响，而且往往会影响人们互相帮助。”A. decision决定；B. burden负担；C. influence影响；D. impression印象。根据后文的“on health and often an effect on wanting to help each other”可知，此处指这种问候对健康有很大的影响。influence on意为“对……有影响”，符合语境。故选C。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项新运动是连接孤独者的一个简单方法，但对于一个以人们保守而闻名的国家来说，这是一个非常大的步骤。A. connect连接，把……联系起来；B. recognize认识，承认；C. introduce介绍；D. remember记得。根据前文的“To help 2 winter loneliness, the local government is asking everyone to just say 3 to each other.”和后文的“lonely people”、“These connections make people feel more”可知，互相问好这项新运动是为了连接孤独者的。故选A。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项新运动是连接孤独者的一个简单方法，但对于一个以人们保守而闻名的国家来说，这是一个非常大的一步。A. tool工具；B. method方法；C. fact事实；D. step步骤，步。根据前文的“The new campaign is a simple way to 10 lonely people, but for a country known for people being reserved, it is a very big”可知，虽然这个方法很简单，但对于保守的国家来说，这是迈出一大步。故选D。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了鼓励人们说“你好”，该提案现在正在公共汽车上、学校里，甚至在工作坊里被宣传。A. proved证明；B. advertised宣传；C. recorded记录；D. believed相信。根据前文的“To encourage people to say “hi”, the proposal is now being”和后文的“on buses, in schools, and even in workshops”可知，为了鼓励人们说“你好”，这个提案是在各种地方被宣传的。故选B。 13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：逐渐地，越来越多的人开始意识到问候的重要性。A. Similarly相似地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Generally一般地，通常。根据后文的“more and more people are becoming to realize the importance of greeting”可知，此处指越来越多的人意识到问候的重要性，这种认识是逐渐形成的。故选C。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些联系让人们在自己的社区里感到更加被认可和安全，减少了孤独的问题，并减少了与邻居发生麻烦的可能性。A. recognized认可，承认；B. realized意识到；C. confirmed确认；D. supported支持。根据前文的“She added that being seen and 8 by strangers makes you feel like you belong.”和后文的“safe in their communities”可知，这些联系是让人们感受到归属感，感觉被认可和安全。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些联系让人们在自己的社区里感到更加被认可和安全，减少了孤独的问题，并减少了与邻居发生麻烦的可能性。A. performance表现；B. adventure冒险；C. failure失败；D. trouble麻烦。根据前文的“These connections make people feel more 14 and safe in their communities, reduce the problem of loneliness, and make”和后文的“with neighbors less likely”可知，这些联系让人们相处更融洽，这里是在说减少了与邻居发生麻烦的可能性。故选D。 Passage 2 As a freshman in high school, I faced a lot of problems while learning English. It was a major 1 for me, and my progress was slow. 2 , I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning. My 3 towards English was not positive, and it seemed like a very difficult task. One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and 4 my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face. She sat with me and provided 5 suggestions on how to learn English. She 6 the importance of having the right attitude and determination, which she said were key 7 in solving the difficulties. She 8 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more 9 . With her help, my English skills began to improve 10 . I learned that my attitude was an important 11 that could help me make progress. This experience taught me that with the right 12 , any difficulty can be solved. It proves the saying, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 13 . I’ve come to understand that every 14 is a chance to grow, and with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be 15 . 1. A．process B．adventure C．struggle D．difference 2. A．Politely B．Actually C．Equally D．Likely 3. A．choice B．design C．credit D．attitude 4. A．referred to B．turned to C．checked out D．worked out 5. A．annoying B．confident C．specific D．confusing 6. A．impressed B．stressed C．admired D．organized 7. A．effects B．documents C．affairs D．factors 8. A．recommended B．commented C．contacted D．regarded 9. A．useful B．traditional C．interesting D．calm 10. A．creatively B．rapidly C．softly D．carefully 11. A．program B．destination C．project D．point 12. A．clues B．means C．summaries D．demands 13. A．journey B．source C．quality D．symbol 14. A．strategy B．aid C．challenge D．situation 15. A．competed B．preserved C．hosted D．achieved 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中英语学习的困难和进步过程。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一场巨大的挣扎，我的进步很慢。A. process过程；B. adventure冒险；C. struggle挣扎，努力；D. difference不同。根据上文“As a freshman in high school, I faced a lot of problems while learning English”可知，作者学习英语时面临很多问题，以及进步缓慢，所以这是一场巨大的“挣扎”。故选C。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我经常被语言学习的起起落落打败。A. Politely礼貌地；B. Actually实际上；C. Equally平等地；D. Likely可能地。根据下文“I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning”可知，下文是对现实的客观描述，这里需要一个表示事实或实际情况的副词，用Actually“实际上”。故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对英语的态度不积极，这似乎是一项非常困难的任务。A. choice选择；B. design设计；C. credit信用；D. attitude态度。根据下文提到的“my attitude was an important 11 that could help me make progress”可知，这里指的是作者对英语的态度。故选D。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，我的英语老师注意到我的问题，把我的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型。A. referred to提到，涉及；B. turned to转向；C. checked out核实，检查；D. worked out解决，计算出。根据上文“One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and”和下文“my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face”可知，英语老师注意到作者的问题，把作者的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型。故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她坐下来，给我提供了关于如何学习英语的具体建议。A. annoying令人恼怒的；B. confident自信的；C. specific具体的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据下文“suggestions on how to learn English”可知，英语老师给出建议，可知这些建议是“具体的”学习英语的建议。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她强调了拥有正确态度和决心的重要性，她说这是解决困难的关键因素。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. stressed强调；C. admired钦佩；D. organized组织。根据下文“the importance of having the right attitude and determination”可知，这里表示老师“强调”了正确态度和决心的重要性。故选B。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. effects影响；B. documents文件；C. affairs事务；D. factors因素。根据上文“having the right attitude and determination”和下文“in solving the difficulties”可知，这里表示正确态度和决心是解决困难的关键“因素”。故选D。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向我推荐了经典的方法，比如记词汇日记，把新单词和我最喜欢的电影中的角色联系起来。A. recommended推荐；B. commented评论；C. contacted联系；D. regarded认为。根据下文“classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies.”可知，这里表示老师给作者推荐了学习方法。故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使学习过程变得更加有趣。A. useful有用的；B. traditional传统的；C. interesting有趣的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“She 　8　 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more”可知，这些方法使学习过程变得更加“有趣”。故选C。 10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在她的帮助下，我的英语技能开始迅速提高。A. creatively创造性地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. softly柔软地；D. carefully仔细地。根据上文“With her help, my English skills began to improve”可知，在老师帮助下，作者的英语技能开始“迅速”提高。故选B。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的态度是一个重要的点，可以帮助我取得进步。A. program程序；B. destination目的地；C. project项目；D. point要点，重点。根据下文“that could help me make progress”可知，这里表示作者意识到态度是一个重要的“要点”或“重点”，因为可以帮助作者取得进步。故选D。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历告诉我，只要有正确的方法，任何困难都可以解决。A. clues线索；B. means方法；C. summaries总结；D. demands要求。根据上文“She  　8　 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more”和下文“any difficulty can be solved”可知，老师给作者提供学习方法，可知这里表示只要有正确的“方法”，困难就可以解决。故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我看到我最初的困难只是学习旅程的一部分。A. journey旅程；B. source来源；C. quality质量；D. symbol象征。根据上文“Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning”可知，这里表示困难只是学习“旅程”的一部分。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，每一个挑战都是成长的机会，只要努力，就没有什么不能实现的。A. strategy策略；B. aid帮助；C. challenge挑战；D. situation情况。根据下文“is a chance to grow”，以及上文“Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning”提到的困难是学习旅程的一部分可知，这里表示“挑战”是成长的机会。故选C。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. competed竞争；B. preserved保护；C. hosted主办；D. achieved实现。根据上文“with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be”可知，这里表示只要努力，就没有什么不能“实现”的。故选D。 Passage 3 Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies often treat the 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, and certainly not with 8 . People from Latin American countries, 9 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in conversation, it may look like a Latino is 10 a Norwegian all around the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 11 — which the Latino will in return regard as 12 . Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 13 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 14 . But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 15 . 1. A．sharper B．louder C．harder D．further 2. A．sounds B．opinions C．feelings D．messages 3. A．assist B．receive C．discover D．mean 4. A．immediate B．various C．important D．difficult 5. A．well B．far C．much D．long 6. A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 7. A．profit B．distance C．effect D．image 8. A．strangers B．partners C．neighbors D．enemies 9. A．in other words B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means 10. A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 11. A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．coming out 12. A．weakness B．rudeness C．friendliness D．coldness 13. A．talk B．explore C．laugh D．think 14. A．curiosity B．eagerness C．misunderstanding D．tension 15. A．noticed B．treated C．concerned D．satisfied 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了肢体语言在人际交往和跨文化交流中的重要性，不同文化背景下肢体语言的差异可能导致误解，并提出遵循 “己所不欲，勿施于人” 这一黄金法则来避免误解。 1. 考查副词比较级词义辨析。句意：它比言语更有说服力。A. sharper更准时地；B. louder更大声地（此处表示更有说服力）；C. harder更努力地；D. further更进一步。根据前文“Body language is the quietest, most powerful language of all!”可知，肢体语言是最强大的语言，所以它比言语更能表达意思，即更有说服力，故选B。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据专家说，我们的身体发出的信息比我们意识到的要多。A. sounds声音；B. opinions观点；C. feelings感觉；D. messages信息。根据上文“Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all!”可知，身体语言传递的是信息，故选D。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，非语言交流约占我们真正想表达内容的 50%。A. assist帮助；B. receive接收；C. discover发现；D. mean意味着，想表达。根据“non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really ”可知，这里指我们真正想表达的内容，故选D。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们试图进行跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。A. immediate立即的；B. various各种各样的；C. important重要的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“when we attempt to communicate across cultures.”可知，在跨文化交流中，肢体语言很重要，故选C。 5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，所谓的肢体语言是我们自身如此重要的一部分，以至于它常常不被注意到。A. well好；B. far远；C. much非常，很大程度上；D. long长久。根据下文“a part of us”可知，肢体语言是我们自身如此重要的一部分。so much a part of 表示 “是…… 如此重要的一部分”，故选C。 6. 考查短语及副词辨析。句意：例如，不同的社会往往对人与人之间的距离有不同的看法。A. For example例如；B. Thus因此；C. However然而；D. In short总之。根据下文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends”可知，这里是举例说明肢体语言导致误解，故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，不同的社会往往对人与人之间的距离有不同的看法。A. profit利润；B. distance距离；C. effect影响；D. image形象。根据后文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, and certainly not with... People from Latin American countries, ..., touch each other quite a lot.”提到北欧人和拉丁美洲人对身体接触的不同态度，即对人与人之间距离的看法不同，故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：北欧人通常不喜欢与朋友有身体接触，当然更不喜欢与陌生人有身体接触。A. strangers陌生人；B. partners伙伴；C. neighbors邻居；D. enemies敌人。根据前文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends”可知，北欧人不喜欢和朋友有身体接触，更不喜欢和陌生人，故选A。 9. 考查短语辨析。句意：另一方面，拉丁美洲国家的人相互之间接触较多。A. in other words换句话说；B. on the other hand另一方面；C. in a similar way以类似的方式；D. by all means务必。这里与北欧人情况对比，用 on the other hand，故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在交谈中，可能看起来一个拉丁美洲人在房间里一直跟着一个挪威人。A. disturbing打扰；B. helping帮助；C. guiding引导；D. following跟随。根据下文“The Latino, trying to express friendship”可知，因为拉丁美洲人想靠近表示友好，而挪威人不喜欢身体接触，因此躲避，所以像拉丁美洲人在跟着挪威人，故选D。 11. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：挪威人很可能会把这视为鲁莽，会一直往后退 —— 而拉丁美洲人反过来会认为这是冷漠。A. stepping forward向前走；B. going on继续；C. backing away后退；D. coming out出现在公众视野。根据上文“The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness”可知，挪威人不喜欢靠近，所以会后退，故选C。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：挪威人很可能会把这视为鲁莽，会一直往后退 —— 而拉丁美洲人反过来会认为这是冷漠。A. weakness弱点；B. rudeness粗鲁；C. friendliness友好；D. coldness冷漠。根据“ The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 11 ”可知，友好的拉丁美洲人会觉得挪威人的后退是冷漠，故选D。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，当人们交谈时，很多事情在发生。A. talk交谈；B. explore探索；C. laugh笑；D. think思考。根据上文“when we attempt to communicate across cultures.”可知，文章主要讲交谈中的肢体语言，故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当双方来自不同文化时，很有可能产生误解。A. curiosity好奇；B. eagerness渴望；C. misunderstanding误解；D. tension紧张。根据前文“when parties are from different cultures”可知，不同文化背景下肢体语言差异易导致误解，故选C。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但无论情况如何，最好的建议是遵循黄金法则：己所不欲，勿施于人。A. noticed注意到；B. treated对待；C. concerned关心；D. satisfied使满意。根据前文“treat others”可知，这里指像你希望被对待的方式那样去对待别人，故选B。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first foreign language I studied was French, and I learned it at a secondary school between the 1 (age) of 11 and 18. It was a subject I had to study for the first three years and I 2 (choose) to continue studying it afterwards. I enjoyed it, and found it 3 (interest) and I was quite good at it. Outside class I practised listening to the French language radio and reading French books. Before going to university, I spent three months working on 4 farm in Southern France. This helped me become pretty fluent 5 French and acquire a rich farming-related vocabulary. My French has also been helpful on holiday in Morocco and Portugal. French 6 (use) as a second language in Morocco and there are other countries 7 quite a few people speak French. In September I joined a couple of French conversation groups in Bangor and I have been going to them ever since. It has been of great 8 (significant) in leading to my improvement in spoken French. Now I can still speak French 9 (fluent) and can also read it well, but my 10 (write) French is not so good. 【答案】 1. ages 2. chose 3. interesting 4. a 5. in 6. is used 7. where 8. significance 9. fluently 10. written 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己学习法语的经历。 1. 考查名词复数。句意：我学的第一门外语是法语，11到18岁在中学期间学习了这门语言。固定搭配between the ages of...and...意为“在…… 到…… 岁之间”，age为可数名词，因范围涉及11到18岁多个年龄，故用复数形式ages。故填ages。 2. 考查时态。句意：初中前三年，法语是我的必修课，之后我选择继续学习它。根据It was a subject I had to study for the first three years可知，这是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填chose。 3. 考查形容词。句意：我很喜欢法语，觉得它很有趣，而且我学得还不错。此处用形容词作宾语补足语，修饰宾语it，指物，所以用-ing形式形容词。故填interesting。 4. 考查冠词。句意：上大学前，我在法国南部的一个农场工作了三个月。此处泛指“一个农场”，farm是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 5. 考查介词。句意：这让我的法语变得相当流利，还掌握了大量与农业相关的词汇。固定搭配be fluent in...，意为“在…… 方面流利”。故填in。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：法语在摩洛哥被用作第二语言，而且在其他一些国家，也有不少人说法语。陈述客观事实，时态是一般现在时，主语French和谓语use之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填is used。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：法语在摩洛哥被用作第二语言，而且在其他一些国家，也有不少人说法语。空处引导定语从句，先行词countries，在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 8. 考查名词。句意：这对我提升法语口语起到了非常重要的作用。be of great significance为固定搭配，意为“非常重要”，significance是不可数名词。故填significance。 9. 考查副词。句意：现在我仍然能流利地说法语，阅读能力也不错，但我的法语写作水平就没那么好了。此处要用副词修饰动词speak。故填fluently。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在我仍然能流利地说法语，阅读能力也不错，但我的法语写作水平就没那么好了。空处需填非谓语动词，作定语，修饰名词French，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填written。 Passage 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are currently over 3,000 languages in the world on the edge of extinction. And languages and dialects are dying at 1 alarming rate. According to National Geographic, one language disappears from the earth every 14 days, and few leave any recognizable marks. The least spoken languages in the world tend to be spoken only by a few elders of small 2 (community). Because 3 (learn) a dying language rarely attracts people who try to secure their place in a global economy, younger generations aren’t typically learning these languages from their parents or grandparents. Most of these 4 (danger) languages also lack (缺乏) a proper and advanced writing system, 5 (make) their preservation an even bigger challenge. In the face of this alarming and horrible loss, institutions and projects are trying to save the languages 6 are left. The Endangered Languages Documentation Programme set up in 2002 aims 7 (preserve) languages threatened by extinction. It serves 8 a global effort to fund individual projects developed by scholars and provide training around the world to help prepare the methods 9 (require) for research work. The purpose of documenting languages is to 10 (significant) mitigate (改善) the issue of the gradual disappearance of languages. 【答案】 1. an 2. communities 3. learning 4. endangered 5. making 6. that/which 7. to preserve 8. as 9. required 10. significantly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球语言灭绝的严峻现状及保护濒危语言的努力与挑战。 1. 考查冠词。句意：语言和方言正在以惊人的速度消亡。rate为可数名词，此处表泛指，表示一种惊人的速度，alarming是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an，at an alarming rate意为“以惊人的速度”。故填an。 2. 考查名词复数。句意：世界上使用人数最少的语言往往只被一些小社区的少数老人使用。community为可数名词，根据空前的a few可知，此处应用复数形式。故填communities。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为学习一门濒临灭绝的语言很少能吸引那些试图在全球经济中占据一席之地的人，所以年轻一代通常不会从他们的父母或祖父母那里学习这些语言。空处作主语，表示“学习”这一抽象行为，应用动名词形式learning。故填learning。 4. 考查形容词。句意：这些濒危语言中的大多数也缺乏一个适当和先进的书写系统，这使得它们的保护成为一个更大的挑战。空处修饰名词languages，空处应填形容词endangered作定语，表示“濒危的”。故填endangered。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些濒危语言中的大多数也缺乏一个适当和先进的书写系统，这使得它们的保护成为一个更大的挑战。句中已有谓语动词lack，且空处与谓语之间没有连词，所以空处应用非谓语动词，make与上文句子之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式making作结果状语。故填making。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：面对这种令人震惊和可怕的损失，各种机构和项目正在努力拯救剩下的语言。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词languages，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2002年设立的欧洲濒危语言记录项目旨在保护那些受到灭绝威胁的语言。aim to do sth.表示“旨在做某事”，所以空处应用不定式形式to preserve作宾语。故填to preserve。 8. 考查介词。句意：它的作用是为学者们开发的个人项目提供资金，并在世界各地提供培训，以帮助准备研究工作所需的方法，这是一项全球性的努力。serve as表示“作为，充当”，所以空处应用介词as。故填as。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的作用是为学者们开发的个人项目提供资金，并在世界各地提供培训，以帮助准备研究工作所需的方法，这是一项全球性的努力。空处为非谓语动词作定语修饰methods，require与methods之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式required作后置定语。故填required。 10. 考查副词。句意：记录语言的目的是显著地改善语言逐渐消失的问题。根据空后mitigate可知，空处应填副词significantly作状语，修饰动词mitigate。故填significantly。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We use body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions 1 other people besides words. Body language varies from culture to culture. It is important 2 (use) body language in a way that is 3 (suit) for the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact 4 (be) a way to display interest in some countries. In other countries, eye contact is not always approved of. The gesture for “OK” has different 5 (meaning) in different cultures. It means money in Japan and zero in France, but it is considered impolite in Brazil and Germany. The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, 6 (shake) one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By 7 (compare), the gestures have the opposite meaning in Bulgaria and southern Albania. There are also differences in 8 we touch each other, how close we stand to someone and how we act when we meet or part. Some gestures seem to have 9 same meaning everywhere, like the gesture for sleep and the gesture for showing “I am full”. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling which can help us 10 (great) in many ways. 【答案】 1. with 2. to use 3. suitable 4. is 5. meanings 6. shaking 7. comparison 8. how 9. the 10. greatly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了不同文化中肢体语言含义的差异及相同之处 。 1. 考查介词。句意：除了语言之外，我们在与他人互动时还会使用肢体语言来表达我们的想法和观点。interactions with sb.“与某人的互动”，为固定搭配。故填with。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一种适合你所处文化的方式中使用肢体语言是很重要的。It is+adj.+to do sth.“做某事是……的”为固定句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，故空处应用不定式形式。故填to use。 3. 考查形容词。句意：在一种适合你所处文化的方式中使用肢体语言是很重要的。根据空前is和空后for可知，空处应用形容词suitable“合适的”作表语，be suitable for“适合于”。故填suitable。 4. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，在一些国家，眼神交流是一种表示感兴趣的方式。句子描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语making eye contact为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 5. 考查名词。句意：“OK”的手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。meaning“含义”为可数名词，根据空前different可知，空处应用其复数形式。故填meanings。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。空处在句中作主语，应用动词的动名词形式。故填shaking。 7. 考查名词。句意：相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这些手势的含义是相反的。空处作介词by的宾语，应用名词comparison“比较”，by comparison“相比之下”。故填comparison。 8. 考查宾语从句。句意：我们在如何触碰彼此、站得离某人有多近以及见面或分别时的行为方式上也存在差异。空处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how引导，意为“如何”。故填how。 9. 考查冠词。句意：有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的意思，比如睡觉的手势和表示“我吃饱了”的手势。根据空后same可知，空处应用定冠词the，the same“相同的”为固定搭配。故填the。 10. 考查副词。句意：也许最好的例子是微笑，它可以在很多方面极大地帮助我们。空处修饰动词help应用副词greatly“极大地”作状语。故填greatly。 9 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$春季高考·必胜 第5讲 冠词 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、不定冠词 a/an：用法、区分及固定搭配 不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词，表 “某一个”“某一类” 或泛指职业等，核心需掌握 a/an 的区分规则及特殊用法场景。 类别 具体规则 / 用法 示例 核心含义 1. 泛指人 / 物中的 “某一个” 2. 泛指一类人 / 物 3. 表示 “每一”（相当于 every） 4. 使抽象 / 物质名词具体化 He is a doctor.（表职业） A dog is a loyal animal.（表一类） twice a week（表每一） It’s a pleasure to meet you.（具体化） a/an 区分 1. a + 辅音音素开头的单词 2. an + 元音音素开头的单词 3. 特殊：“U” 开头表 “辅音音素” 用 a；“h” 不发音用 an a tree, a useful book an apple, an hour a university, an honest boy 固定短语 需搭配 a/an 的常见短语 have a good time, in a hurry, a pair of 注意事项： 1. 音素而非字母判断：a/an 的选择取决于单词发音的首个音素，而非字母（如 “hour” 以 “h” 开头但不发音，用 an）。 2. 不可修饰复数 / 不可数名词：不定冠词仅用于单数可数名词前（错误：a books；正确：a book）。 3. 特殊 “U” 开头单词：“usual, European, useful” 等单词中 “U” 发 /juː/（辅音音素），需用 a（可通过口诀 “平常的我穿上欧洲的校服去上有用的大学，学了一个单元” 记忆）。 二、定冠词 the：核心用法及场景分类 定冠词 the 表 “特指”，可用于第二次提及、独一无二的事物、专有名词等场景，需结合语境判断 “特指” 范围。 用法场景 说明 示例 特指相关 1. 第二次提到的人 / 物 2. 双方都知道的人 / 物 3. 有修饰语的特指人 / 物 I have a cat. The cat is black. Turn down the radio.（双方知晓） The girl in red is my sister. 固定类别 1. 世界独一无二的事物 2. 序数词 / 最高级前 3. 方位名词前 4. 西方乐器前 The sun, the moon The first day, the best student in the east play the piano 专有名词相关 1. 江河 / 山脉 / 建筑等专有名词 2. 姓氏复数前（表一家人） The Yellow River, the Great Wall The Smiths（史密斯一家） 注意事项： 1. 不可滥用 “特指”：泛指一类人 / 物时不用 the（错误：The dogs are cute；正确：Dogs are cute）。 2. 学科 / 语言前不用 the：如 “learn English”“study maths”（符合零冠词用法）。 3. 固定短语中的 the 不可省略：如 “in the morning”“by the way”，需与零冠词短语区分（如 “by bus” 无 the）。 三、零冠词：适用场景及常见搭配 零冠词即不使用冠词，常用于泛指不可数名词、学科、三餐、球类等场景，需注意与冠词用法的对比区分。 适用场景 说明 示例 名词限定相关 名词前已有 this/that/my/your 等限定词时 This book is mine.（不用 the/a） His pen is red. 泛指相关 1. 泛指不可数名词 2. 泛指复数名词 3. 学科、语言名词 Rice is a staple food. Students should study hard. We learn Chinese and physics. 固定搭配 1. 三餐、球类运动前 2. 季节、节日、星期前 3. 交通方式短语 have breakfast, play football in summer, on Sunday by bus, on foot 注意事项： 1. 特指不可数名词需用 the：泛指时用零冠词，特指时加 the（如 “Water is important.”（泛指）；“The water in the glass is cold.”（特指））。 2. 节日前的例外：含 “Festival” 的节日前可加 the（如 “the Spring Festival”），不含的直接用零冠词（如 “Teachers' Day”）。 3. 球类与乐器的区别：球类运动前用零冠词（play basketball），西方乐器前需加 the（play the violin），不可混淆。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．The teacher always tells us amazing story before class. 2．After work in the coming holiday, I will enjoy adventure camp in the mountain. 3．No sugar, butter or cheese for me, please. I’m going on diet now. 4．He represented himself as employee in order to get the files. 5．When the theater caught fire, there was panic. 6．This job offers me real challenge. 7．Because it means you’ve made difference. 8．I can make bet with you that you must pass the exam. 9．That is, we smile because we’re happy, but also to extent we can make ourselves happier by smiling. 10．As result, there were very few textbooks for the students to use. 11．You should try to combine exercise with healthy diet. 12．At first, Jordan was only replacement in the Bulls. 13．Nothing can take place of real love and family togetherness. 14．It was relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 二、完成句子 1. 他在电影中扮演一个硬汉的形象。 He plays the image of in the film. 2. 他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。(shock) His death was to us all. 3. 我感觉到很不愉快，因为她对我们说了谎。 I’ve got as she lied to us. 4. Tom is because he never tells lies. 汤姆是一个诚实的男孩，因为他从不说谎。 5. At present, has about 6,800 languages. 目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。 6. 周末我一般比平时晚起床一个小时。 On weekends I usually get up hour than usual. 7. The captain of the team ought to set for all the teammates. 队长应该为所有队员树立榜样。 8. 这就是会让雇主们印象深刻的热情类型。 That’s the sort of passion that will make impression on employers. 9. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 It’s well-known that China is . 10. 大卫在他的同学中是一个优秀的学生。 David is among his classmates. 11. 明天他要去看望在车祸中受伤的学生们。 He will go to see the students tomorrow. 12. The guards outside the tent exchanged at his approach. 看到他靠近，帐篷外的守卫们忧心忡忡地交换了一下眼神。 13. I prefer the design to the . 比起后者的设计方案，我更喜欢前者的。 14. 随着时间的推移，你会发现自己逐渐成长为一个全面发展的人。 In time you will find yourself . 15. were sitting at table when I got to their house. 当我到达格林家时，他们一家人正在吃饭。 30．She is as a teacher. 她是一名成功的教师。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 In Lulea, a city in northern Sweden, the sun only shines around three hours a day in the winter months. People tend to 1 warm at home and that can be very lonely. To help 2 winter loneliness, the local government is asking everyone to just say 3 to each other. Asa Koski, a city official, 4 the idea. She wants the city to be a friendlier, and less lonely place for the 5 . “We don’t just want that our city is going to grow as a city itself; we want it to be a 6 , safe and friendly city as well where there’s 7 , leisure activities and sport.” Koski told The Guardian. She added that being seen and 8 by strangers makes you feel like you belong. “The research shows that it has a great 9 on health and often an effect on wanting to help each other,” Koski said. The new campaign is a simple way to 10 lonely people, but for a country known for people being reserved, it is a very big 11 . To encourage people to say “hi”, the proposal is now being 12 on buses, in schools, and even in workshops. 13 , more and more people are becoming to realize the importance of greeting. These connections make people feel more 14 and safe in their communities, reduce the problem of loneliness, and make 15 with neighbors less likely. 1. A．turn B．start C．stay D．become 2. A．fight B．challenge C．find D．survive 3. A．yes B．goodbye C．sorry D．hello 4. A．kept up with B．came up with C．caught up with D．put up with 5. A．families B．travelers C．citizens D．officials 6. A．pleasant B．crowded C．rich D．quiet 7. A．nature B．knowledge C．literature D．culture 8. A．visited B．greeted C．helped D．encouraged 9. A．decision B．burden C．influence D．impression 10. A．connect B．recognize C．introduce D．remember 11. A．tool B．method C．fact D．step 12. A．proved B．advertised C．recorded D．believed 13. A．Similarly B．Obviously C．Gradually D．Generally 14. A．recognized B．realized C．confirmed D．supported 15. A．performance B．adventure C．failure D．trouble Passage 2 As a freshman in high school, I faced a lot of problems while learning English. It was a major 1 for me, and my progress was slow. 2 , I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning. My 3 towards English was not positive, and it seemed like a very difficult task. One day, my English teacher noticed my problems and 4 my situation as a common type of challenges that many students face. She sat with me and provided 5 suggestions on how to learn English. She 6 the importance of having the right attitude and determination, which she said were key 7 in solving the difficulties. She 8 classic methods to me, like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies. It made the learning process more 9 . With her help, my English skills began to improve 10 . I learned that my attitude was an important 11 that could help me make progress. This experience taught me that with the right 12 , any difficulty can be solved. It proves the saying, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Now, when I look back, I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 13 . I’ve come to understand that every 14 is a chance to grow, and with hard work, there’s nothing that can’t be 15 . 1. A．process B．adventure C．struggle D．difference 2. A．Politely B．Actually C．Equally D．Likely 3. A．choice B．design C．credit D．attitude 4. A．referred to B．turned to C．checked out D．worked out 5. A．annoying B．confident C．specific D．confusing 6. A．impressed B．stressed C．admired D．organized 7. A．effects B．documents C．affairs D．factors 8. A．recommended B．commented C．contacted D．regarded 9. A．useful B．traditional C．interesting D．calm 10. A．creatively B．rapidly C．softly D．carefully 11. A．program B．destination C．project D．point 12. A．clues B．means C．summaries D．demands 13. A．journey B．source C．quality D．symbol 14. A．strategy B．aid C．challenge D．situation 15. A．competed B．preserved C．hosted D．achieved Passage 3 Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies often treat the 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, and certainly not with 8 . People from Latin American countries, 9 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in conversation, it may look like a Latino is 10 a Norwegian all around the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 11 — which the Latino will in return regard as 12 . Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 13 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 14 . But whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 15 . 1. A．sharper B．louder C．harder D．further 2. A．sounds B．opinions C．feelings D．messages 3. A．assist B．receive C．discover D．mean 4. A．immediate B．various C．important D．difficult 5. A．well B．far C．much D．long 6. A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 7. A．profit B．distance C．effect D．image 8. A．strangers B．partners C．neighbors D．enemies 9. A．in other words B．on the other hand C．in a similar way D．by all means 10. A．disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following 11. A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．coming out 12. A．weakness B．rudeness C．friendliness D．coldness 13. A．talk B．explore C．laugh D．think 14. A．curiosity B．eagerness C．misunderstanding D．tension 15. A．noticed B．treated C．concerned D．satisfied 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first foreign language I studied was French, and I learned it at a secondary school between the 1 (age) of 11 and 18. It was a subject I had to study for the first three years and I 2 (choose) to continue studying it afterwards. I enjoyed it, and found it 3 (interest) and I was quite good at it. Outside class I practised listening to the French language radio and reading French books. Before going to university, I spent three months working on 4 farm in Southern France. This helped me become pretty fluent 5 French and acquire a rich farming-related vocabulary. My French has also been helpful on holiday in Morocco and Portugal. French 6 (use) as a second language in Morocco and there are other countries 7 quite a few people speak French. In September I joined a couple of French conversation groups in Bangor and I have been going to them ever since. It has been of great 8 (significant) in leading to my improvement in spoken French. Now I can still speak French 9 (fluent) and can also read it well, but my 10 (write) French is not so good. Passage 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are currently over 3,000 languages in the world on the edge of extinction. And languages and dialects are dying at 1 alarming rate. According to National Geographic, one language disappears from the earth every 14 days, and few leave any recognizable marks. The least spoken languages in the world tend to be spoken only by a few elders of small 2 (community). Because 3 (learn) a dying language rarely attracts people who try to secure their place in a global economy, younger generations aren’t typically learning these languages from their parents or grandparents. Most of these 4 (danger) languages also lack (缺乏) a proper and advanced writing system, 5 (make) their preservation an even bigger challenge. In the face of this alarming and horrible loss, institutions and projects are trying to save the languages 6 are left. The Endangered Languages Documentation Programme set up in 2002 aims 7 (preserve) languages threatened by extinction. It serves 8 a global effort to fund individual projects developed by scholars and provide training around the world to help prepare the methods 9 (require) for research work. The purpose of documenting languages is to 10 (significant) mitigate (改善) the issue of the gradual disappearance of languages. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We use body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions 1 other people besides words. Body language varies from culture to culture. It is important 2 (use) body language in a way that is 3 (suit) for the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact 4 (be) a way to display interest in some countries. In other countries, eye contact is not always approved of. The gesture for “OK” has different 5 (meaning) in different cultures. It means money in Japan and zero in France, but it is considered impolite in Brazil and Germany. The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, 6 (shake) one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By 7 (compare), the gestures have the opposite meaning in Bulgaria and southern Albania. There are also differences in 8 we touch each other, how close we stand to someone and how we act when we meet or part. Some gestures seem to have 9 same meaning everywhere, like the gesture for sleep and the gesture for showing “I am full”. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling which can help us 10 (great) in many ways. 3 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$