第4讲 现在完成时&过去完成时-【春季高考必胜】2026年小高考英语总复习 满分冲刺（广东省专用）

春季高考·必胜 第4讲 现在完成时&过去完成时 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、现在完成时：核心结构、标志词及句型转换 现在完成时表示 “过去动作对现在的影响” 或 “动作从过去延续至现在”，核心结构为 “主语 + have/has + 过去分词”，需结合标志词判断时态适用场景。 核心要素 具体内容 示例 结构规则 三单主语（he/she/it）用 “has”，非三单用 “have”，后接动词过去分词 She has finished her homework. They have lived here for 5 years. 关键标志词 1. 影响类：already（肯定）、yet（疑问 / 否定）、just、ever 2. 延续类：for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 过去时句子 3. 总结类：so far、in the past few years、it is the first time that... I have already eaten breakfast. He has lived here since 2018. So far, we have learned 1000 words. 句型转换 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 否定：She hasn’t finished homework. 疑问：Has she finished homework? 特殊：What have you done? 注意事项： 1. 过去分词变化：规则动词与过去式一致（work→worked），不规则动词需特殊记忆（go→gone、eat→eaten）。 2. “already” 与 “yet” 区别：“already” 用于肯定句（句中 / 句末），“yet” 用于否定句和疑问句（句末）。 3. 延续性动词限制：与 “for/since” 连用时，需用延续性动词（如错误：He has left for 2 hours. 正确：He has been away for 2 hours.）。 二、现在完成时易混短语辨析（have been to/have gone to/have been in） 三者均与 “地点” 相关，但语义和用法差异显著，需根据 “人是否在某地” 及 “动作是否延续” 选择。 短语类型 语义特征 适用场景 示例 have/has been to 去过某地（人已返回，表经历） 与 “次数、just、already” 等搭配，不与时间段连用 She has been to Beijing twice.（她去过北京两次，现已返回） have/has gone to 去了某地（人在途中或已到达，未返回） 强调 “人不在说话现场”，不与时间段连用 He has gone to the library.（他去了图书馆，目前不在这） have/has been in 一直在某地（动作从过去延续至现在） 与 “for/since” 等时间段连用 We have been in Guangzhou for 3 years.（我们在广州住了 3 年，至今仍在） 注意事项： 1. 不可混淆使用：“have been to/have gone to” 均不可与时间段连用，若表 “在某地停留多久”，必须用 “have been in”。 2. 小地点搭配：“have been in” 后接小地点时，可用 “at” 替换 “in”（如：She has been at the shop for an hour.）。 三、过去完成时：用法、标志词及时态区分 过去完成时表示 “过去某动作之前已完成的动作”（即 “过去的过去”），核心结构为 “主语 + had + 过去分词”，常与明确的过去时间标志或从句搭配。 核心要素 具体内容 示例 用法场景 1. 有 “过去的过去” 时间标志（by/before + 过去时间点） 2. 宾语从句中（主句为一般过去时，从句动作先于主句） 3. 时间状语从句中（before/after 引导，动作有先后） By 9 o’clock last night, I had finished my work. He said he had seen the film. After he had eaten, he went out. 关键标志词 by the end of + 过去时间、before + 过去时句子、when/after 引导的过去时从句 By the end of 2022, they had built 10 schools. When I arrived, she had left. 与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时：表 “过去某个时间的动作” 过去完成时：表 “过去某个动作之前的动作” He ate breakfast at 7 a.m.（7 点吃早餐，一般过去时） He said he had eaten breakfast.（他说他已经吃过早餐了，“吃” 在 “说” 之前，过去完成时） 注意事项： 1. 时态呼应：宾语从句中，若主句为一般过去时，且从句动作先于主句，从句必须用过去完成时（如错误：He said he saw the film. 正确：He said he had seen the film.）。 2. 简化情况：若 before/after 引导的从句动作与主句动作紧密相连，可均用一般过去时（如：After he closed the door, he left.）。 3. 不可滥用：无 “过去的过去” 语境时，不可随意使用过去完成时（如错误：Yesterday I had visited my grandma. 正确：Yesterday I visited my grandma.）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. As soon as we (get) to the station, the train (leave)． 2. I still hadn’t (wind) my watch so I didn’t know the time. 3. A large group had (gather) outside to see them off. 4．She was astonished; this was the first time she (hear) of such things. 5．What Annie (do) by the time she was twenty? 6．Sue Read said that she (see) ten Oscar movies so far. 7．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam. 8．Dr. Yuan Longping (struggle) for the past five decades to help farmers. 9．This is one of the best novels that (appear) since 2000. 10．She is really tired out for he (complete) so much housework without having a rest. 11．300 graduates have (apply) for this position. 12．Life has (improve) and returned to normal. 13．These encouraging words have (carry) me through difficult times. 14．The number of students （reduce） from40 to 35. 15．He (earn) a lot of money this month. 二、完成句子 1. The football match before he arrived. 在他到达之前，足球赛已经开始了。 2. The young worker has . 这位年轻的工人成了一名作家。 3. 他已想出一个解决这个问题的好办法。 He to settle the problem. 4. 公司对多样性的鼓励导致了一个更加包容的工作场所环境。 The company’s encouragement of has in a more inclusive workplace environment. 5. 由于在生活中经历了许多困难，他看起来比实际年龄要老。(go through) Since he a lot of hardship in life, he looks older than his real age. 6. 这个男孩已经下定决心参加校足球队的选拔了吗？ Has the boy the school football team? 7. 我国已建立数个自然保护区来保护大熊猫。 To save giant pandas, our government has some nature reserves. 8. I thought of yours to solve the problem. 我还未想起比你的更好的方法解决此问题。(not... more) 9. It wasn’t as big . 它没有我想象的那么大。 10. 当我终于写完文章时，获胜的念头已经被写作的乐趣所取代。 When I finally finished the essay, the thought of winning had to the enjoyment of writing. 11. 数周以来，失业的威胁一直笼罩着她，直到她最终在另一家公司找到了新职位。 The threat of losing her job had her for weeks, until she ended up landing a new job in a different company. 12. He said he three times. 他说他已经去过长城3次了。 13. 但就连他们中的一部分人也表示， 家人曾力劝他们不要到日本旅游。(persuade) But even some of those said their families had in Japan. 14. She her homework the phone rang suddenly. 她刚做完作业，这时电话突然响了。 15. 他们刚把行李箱打包好，这时就收到了旅行延期的通知。 They just their suitcases they received the notice of the trip delay. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Having an emergency plan and actually carrying it out are two entirely different things. People may have all the 1 in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up (僵住) when it actually 2 . All that information and preparation would have been for 3 . 9-year-old Branson Baker did not 4 but instead quickly acted and saved his parents’ lives when their truck 5 during a tornado. The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 6 in the truck. Thankfully, Branson was able to get out of the damaged truck. Instead of remaining frozen in 7 , the little guy started a mile-long walk to get help. Eventually, Branson returned to the 8 with help for his mother and father. Branson’s father, Wayne, said that his son 9 in a way that other children of his age or adults wouldn’t have. “Branson 10 action really quick,” Wayne said. “For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very 11 . Not many adults would have done what he did.” Wayne 12 that he could not be more proud of a son that could accept a 13 in that circumstance. Branson is 14 a hero, putting aside his fears and anxiety to save lives. We could really depend on someone who is as brave and calm if 15 were to come. 1. A．consideration B．knowledge C．appreciation D．expectation 2. A．disappears B．exists C．forms D．strikes 3. A．none B．nothing C．something D．everything 4. A．break down B．calm down C．look out D．reach out 5. A．slid B．survived C．crashed D．restarted 6. A．attacked B．locked C．lost D．stuck 7. A．peace B．patience C．fear D．surprise 8. A．tornado B．scene C．operation D．building 9. A．acted B．illustrated C．marched D．proceeded 10. A．dropped B．changed C．controlled D．took 11. A．courageous B．professional C．creative D．graceful 12. A．demanded B．explained C．insisted D．added 13. A．contribution B．challenge C．proposal D．protest 14. A．obviously B．luckily C．legally D．traditionally 15. A．aid B．chances C．disasters D．revival Passage 2 The ground trembled (颤动) violently, and screams filled the air. As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area, my heart pounding with a mix of fear and a sense of 1 . When I arrived, the scene was one of completely chaos. Buildings lay in ruins, and people were 2 searching for their loved ones. I saw a man crazily 3 with his bare hands, his face covered with dirt and tears. I 4 him and asked, “Can I help? Do you know if anyone is still 5 ?” He looked up at me, his eyes filled with despair, and said, “My wife and kids are in there.” Without 6 , I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾). Hours passed, and our 7 didn’t pay off. But just when we were about to give up hope, we heard a weak 8 . “Listen!” I shouted. “There’s someone alive!” We 9 our efforts, and finally, we found a little girl, left in a corner, 10 but alive. The man lifted her up in his arms and 11 with joy. “Thank you,” he said to me. “You gave me back my daughter.” As I continued to report on the disaster, I witnessed 12 acts of kindness. I also found a ray of 13 . In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 14 . When I asked her why, she smiled and said, “In the darkest of times, a little 15 can go a long way.” 1. A．entertainment B．duty C．safety D．belonging 2. A．sufficiently B．impatiently C．hopelessly D．carelessly 3. A．conducting B．clapping C．digging D．waving 4. A．approached B．found C．comforted D．awakened 5. A．surrounded B．ignored C．crashed D．trapped 6. A．hesitation B．confirmation C．warning D．regret 7. A．effort B．attention C．contribution D．adventure 8. A．voice B．noise C．silence D．footstep 9. A．reconsidered B．redoubled C．rearranged D．replaced 10. A．injured B．absorbed C．lost D．deadly 11. A．jumped B．cried C．laughed D．shocked 12. A．thoughtless B．harmless C．fruitless D．countless 13. A．hope B．joy C．cheer D．comfort 14. A．soldiers B．volunteers C．survivors D．journalists 15. A．connection B．warmth C．reunion D．relief Passage 3 Last summer, my friends and I were super excited for a camping trip in a remote forest. We 1 a weekend full of fun and exploration, imagining ourselves hiking through the 2 , telling stories around the campfire at night. Little did we know, a nightmare was about to 3 . On the second day, while we were cooking lunch by the campfire, a strange, sharp 4 suddenly hit my nose. Looking up, we saw thick black smoke rising in the distance. To our horror, a wildfire was 5 towards us at top speed! 6 set in and we quickly stuffed important things into our backpacks. But when we tried to call for help, our phones had no 7 . Thankfully, we remembered the emergency plan we had learned before, and we 8 towards a small stream nearby. The flowing water provided some protection from the approaching 9 . As the fire got closer, the heat was intense, and the sound of crackling trees was 10 . Finally, after what felt like forever, the 11 arrived. They worked really hard and managed to 12 the fire, leading us to safety. Now, each time I 13 for a trip, my hands pause on the first-aid kit nestled in the side pocket. Checking supplies isn’t a 14 bother — it’s a silent nod to my past self by the stream. Those burnt hiking boots still sit under my bed, a sharp 15 of how fast joy can turn to fear. 1. A．pictured B．promised C．applauded D．recalled 2. A．continent B．fields C．woods D．plain 3. A．disappear B．repeat C．escape D．strike 4. A．sound B．taste C．smell D．touch 5. A．racing B．walking C．crawling D．flowing 6. A．Anger B．Panic C．Calm D．Joy 7. A．battery B．signal C．message D．function 8. A．wandered B．drove C．swam D．headed 9. A．rescue B．animals C．flames D．landslide 10. A．terrifying B．thrilling C．fascinating D．amusing 11. A．doctors B．hikers C．volunteers D．firefighters 12. A．put on B．put out C．put off D．put up 13. A．pack B．arrange C．gather D．organize 14. A．stress-related B．well-meant C．tiresome D．bittersweet 15. A．reward B．surprise C．souvenir D．reminder 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chongqing—Since August 21, thousands of firefighters, armed police, and volunteers have been fighting the wildfire in Beibei, as the forest of Jinyun Mountain was burning for the 1 (five) day. Due to the 2 (extreme) hot weather in recent days, Chongqing 3 (fight) several forest fires around the mountains, 4 have drawn global attention. Most of the sites have announced 5 (success) fire suppression (压制). Still, the fire is in a severe state. Even though the road to the fire site 6 (block) due to safety concerns, warmhearted volunteers, mostly young people, still flooded in 7 (offer) help. On the scene, the volunteer leaders used loudspeakers to organize volunteers to carry and move 8 (supply), mainly water and ice. Liu Zhongliang, 24 years old, came with a veteran (退伍军人) organization of more than ten members. 9 group was waiting at the campsite at the foot of the mountain for a call for assistance. “We are a community,” said Liu. “Let’s get together 10 try to solve this problem.” Passage 2 A powerful magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck southwestern Haiti on Saturday, 1.___________ (kill) at least 304 people and injuring at least 1,800 others as buildings tumbled into rubble. Prime Minister Ariel Henry said he was rushing aid to areas 2.___________ towns were destroyed and hospitals overwhelmed with incoming 3.___________ (patient). By the time Henry made his first public statement, rescue teams 4.___________ (already arrive) at the hardest-hit regions. The epicenter of the quake was about 125 kilometers west of the capital of Port-au-Prince, and widespread damage 5.___________ (report) in the poorest nations as a tropical storm also bore down. Haiti’s civil protection agency said on Twitter that the death toll stood at 304, most in the country’s south. Rescue workers and bystanders were able to pull many people to 6.___________ (safe) from the rubble. The agency said 7.___________ (injure) people were still being delivered to hospitals. Henry declared a one-month state of emergency for the whole country and said he would not ask for international help 8.___________ the extent of the damages was known. He said some towns were almost 9.___________ (complete) destroyed and the government had people in the 10.___________ (coast) town of Les Cayes to help plan and coordinate (协调) the response. Passage 3 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells (水井) rose and 1.___________ ( fall). Deep cracks appeared in the well walls. Chickens and even pigs 2.___________ ( be ) too nervous to eat and fish jumped out of the water. Dogs refused to go inside the buildings. By the time the quake hit at 3:42 a.m., many villagers 3.___________ (notice) these unusual signs but hadn’t taken them seriously. In a moment, the city lay in ruins. A huge crack cut across houses, roads, 4.___________ waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. More than 400,000 5.___________ (person) were killed or badly injured in the quake. As 6.___________ result, thousands of children were left without parents. Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again, which made more buildings fall down. People found water, food, and electricity hard 7.___________ (get) and wondered how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. 8.___________ (luck), 150,000 soldiers and more than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Water and food 9.___________ (bring) into the city by train, truck, and plane. Besides, workers built shelters for survivors (幸存者) 10.___________ homes had been destroyed. Slowly, Tangshan started to recover and breathe again. 4 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$春季高考·必胜 第4讲 现在完成时&过去完成时 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、现在完成时：核心结构、标志词及句型转换 现在完成时表示 “过去动作对现在的影响” 或 “动作从过去延续至现在”，核心结构为 “主语 + have/has + 过去分词”，需结合标志词判断时态适用场景。 核心要素 具体内容 示例 结构规则 三单主语（he/she/it）用 “has”，非三单用 “have”，后接动词过去分词 She has finished her homework. They have lived here for 5 years. 关键标志词 1. 影响类：already（肯定）、yet（疑问 / 否定）、just、ever 2. 延续类：for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 过去时句子 3. 总结类：so far、in the past few years、it is the first time that... I have already eaten breakfast. He has lived here since 2018. So far, we have learned 1000 words. 句型转换 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 否定：She hasn’t finished homework. 疑问：Has she finished homework? 特殊：What have you done? 注意事项： 1. 过去分词变化：规则动词与过去式一致（work→worked），不规则动词需特殊记忆（go→gone、eat→eaten）。 2. “already” 与 “yet” 区别：“already” 用于肯定句（句中 / 句末），“yet” 用于否定句和疑问句（句末）。 3. 延续性动词限制：与 “for/since” 连用时，需用延续性动词（如错误：He has left for 2 hours. 正确：He has been away for 2 hours.）。 二、现在完成时易混短语辨析（have been to/have gone to/have been in） 三者均与 “地点” 相关，但语义和用法差异显著，需根据 “人是否在某地” 及 “动作是否延续” 选择。 短语类型 语义特征 适用场景 示例 have/has been to 去过某地（人已返回，表经历） 与 “次数、just、already” 等搭配，不与时间段连用 She has been to Beijing twice.（她去过北京两次，现已返回） have/has gone to 去了某地（人在途中或已到达，未返回） 强调 “人不在说话现场”，不与时间段连用 He has gone to the library.（他去了图书馆，目前不在这） have/has been in 一直在某地（动作从过去延续至现在） 与 “for/since” 等时间段连用 We have been in Guangzhou for 3 years.（我们在广州住了 3 年，至今仍在） 注意事项： 1. 不可混淆使用：“have been to/have gone to” 均不可与时间段连用，若表 “在某地停留多久”，必须用 “have been in”。 2. 小地点搭配：“have been in” 后接小地点时，可用 “at” 替换 “in”（如：She has been at the shop for an hour.）。 三、过去完成时：用法、标志词及时态区分 过去完成时表示 “过去某动作之前已完成的动作”（即 “过去的过去”），核心结构为 “主语 + had + 过去分词”，常与明确的过去时间标志或从句搭配。 核心要素 具体内容 示例 用法场景 1. 有 “过去的过去” 时间标志（by/before + 过去时间点） 2. 宾语从句中（主句为一般过去时，从句动作先于主句） 3. 时间状语从句中（before/after 引导，动作有先后） By 9 o’clock last night, I had finished my work. He said he had seen the film. After he had eaten, he went out. 关键标志词 by the end of + 过去时间、before + 过去时句子、when/after 引导的过去时从句 By the end of 2022, they had built 10 schools. When I arrived, she had left. 与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时：表 “过去某个时间的动作” 过去完成时：表 “过去某个动作之前的动作” He ate breakfast at 7 a.m.（7 点吃早餐，一般过去时） He said he had eaten breakfast.（他说他已经吃过早餐了，“吃” 在 “说” 之前，过去完成时） 注意事项： 1. 时态呼应：宾语从句中，若主句为一般过去时，且从句动作先于主句，从句必须用过去完成时（如错误：He said he saw the film. 正确：He said he had seen the film.）。 2. 简化情况：若 before/after 引导的从句动作与主句动作紧密相连，可均用一般过去时（如：After he closed the door, he left.）。 3. 不可滥用：无 “过去的过去” 语境时，不可随意使用过去完成时（如错误：Yesterday I had visited my grandma. 正确：Yesterday I visited my grandma.）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. As soon as we (get) to the station, the train (leave)． 【答案】 got had left 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们一到车站，火车已经开走了。get to“到达”。第一空为As soon as引导的时间状语从句的谓语，从句描述的是过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用动词get的过去式got。leave“离开”。第二空为主句谓语，表示在过去时间点“到车站”之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had left。故填①got；②had left。 2. I still hadn’t (wind) my watch so I didn’t know the time. 【答案】wound 【详解】考查时态。句意：我还没有给手表上发条，所以还不知道时间。根据上文hadn’t可知为过去完成时，故填wound。 3. A large group had (gather) outside to see them off. 【答案】gathered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一大群人已经聚集在外面为他们送行。根据空前“had”可知，此处需用过去分词构成过去完成时，gather的过去分词形式为gathered。故填 gathered。 4．She was astonished; this was the first time she (hear) of such things. 【答案】had heard 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她很惊讶；这是她第一次听说这样的事情。根据“this was the first time”可知，此处是固定句型“this was the first time+从句”。该句型中从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，表示“到过去某个时间为止第一次做某事”。hear的过去分词为heard。故填had heard。 5．What Annie (do) by the time she was twenty? 【答案】 had 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到安妮二十岁时，她做了些什么?“by the time + 一般过去时的从句”，表示“到……时候为止”，主句常用过去完成时：had + 过去分词，“do”的过去分词是“done”，特殊疑问句中将助动词had提到主语之前。故填had；done。 6．Sue Read said that she (see) ten Oscar movies so far. 【答案】had seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：Sue Read说到目前为止她已经看了十部奥斯卡电影。so far意为“到目前为止”，由said可知，时间的截止点是过去，因此空格处的时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had seen。故填had seen。 7．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam. 【答案】had expected 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本期望能准时到达，但却遇上了交通堵塞。根据“but I was caught in the traffic jam (但我遇上了交通堵塞)”可知，“遇上堵车”用的是一般过去时，因此是过去发生的动作。“期望准时到达”是发生在“遇上堵车”之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时（had+过去分词）来体现动作的先后顺序。had expected to表示“本期望……，但结果并非如此”。故填had expected。 8．Dr. Yuan Longping (struggle) for the past five decades to help farmers. 【答案】has struggled 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的五十年里，袁隆平博士一直在努力帮助农民。根据时间状语for the past five decades（在过去的五十年里），表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语Dr. Yuan Longping是第三人称单数，所以用has struggled。故填has struggled。 9．This is one of the best novels that (appear) since 2000. 【答案】have appeared 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是2000年以来出现的最好的小说之一。根据语境和时间状语since 2000可判断从句应用现在完成时, that指代先行词novels，表示复数含义，助动词应用have。故填have appeared。 10．She is really tired out for he (complete) so much housework without having a rest. 【答案】has completed 【详解】考查动词时态。 句意：她真的很累，因为他不休息就完成了这么多家务。for引导原因状语从句，空处作从句谓语，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has completed。 11．300 graduates have (apply) for this position. 【答案】applied 【详解】考查时态。句意：已经有300个毕业生申请了这个职位。句子强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时；空处应填apply的过去分词applied和have构成现在完成时。故填applied。 12．Life has (improve) and returned to normal. 【答案】improved 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：生活已经改善并恢复正常了。根据空前助动词has以及句意可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has + 过去分词，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，improve是动词，意为“改善，提高”，空处需用其过去分词形式improved与has构成现在完成时。故填improved。 13．These encouraging words have (carry) me through difficult times. 【答案】carried 【详解】考查时态。句意：这些鼓舞人心的话语帮助我度过了困难时期。表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，本空用carry“支撑”的过去分词carried，与空前的have构成现在完成时。故填carried。 14．The number of students （reduce） from40 to 35. 【答案】has been reduced 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：学生人数从 40 人减少到 35 人。“the number of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时；且 “the number of students” 与 “reduce” 之间存在被动关系，即 “人数被减少”，因此需用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为 “has been + 过去分词”。“reduce” 的过去分词为 “reduced”。故答案为 has been reduced。 15．He (earn) a lot of money this month. 【答案】has earned 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他这个月赚了不少钱。earn为动词，表示“赚得”，作谓语；根据时间状语this month可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时，主语是He，谓语为单数。故填has earned。 二、完成句子 1. The football match before he arrived. 在他到达之前，足球赛已经开始了。 【答案】had begun 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“开始”应用动词 begin，结合语境“在他到达之前，足球赛已经开始了”，arrived是过去的动作，“足球赛开始”发生在“到达”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，begin的过去分词为begun。故填had begun。 2. The young worker has . 这位年轻的工人成了一名作家。 【答案】turned a writer 【详解】考查现在完成时和名词。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“成了一名作家”。turn意为“成为”，为系动词，后接名词作表语，writer意为“作家”，为可数名词。“一名作家”可译为“a writer”。此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，空前已有助动词has，所以turn用过去分词。故填turned a writer。 3. 他已想出一个解决这个问题的好办法。 He to settle the problem. 【答案】has come up with a good way 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“已想出一个好办法”，应用动词短语come up with，表示“想出，提出”的意思；此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，“一个好方法”应用a good way，名词短语作介词with的宾语。故填has come up with a good way。 4. 公司对多样性的鼓励导致了一个更加包容的工作场所环境。 The company’s encouragement of has in a more inclusive workplace environment. 【答案】 diversity resulted 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。第一空“多样性”用名词diversity，作介词of的宾语，所以第一空为diversity；第二空表示“导致”用固定短语result in，结合has可知，此处用过去分词resulted。故填①diversity②resulted。 5. 由于在生活中经历了许多困难，他看起来比实际年龄要老。(go through) Since he a lot of hardship in life, he looks older than his real age. 【答案】 has gone through 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“经历”译为“go through”，为固定短语，根据语境可知，“经历困难”这一动作从过去开始，持续到现在，对现在造成了影响，即看起来比实际年龄老，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，go的过去分词为gone。故填①has；②gone；③through。 6. 这个男孩已经下定决心参加校足球队的选拔了吗？ Has the boy the school football team? 【答案】made up his mind to participate in the selection of 【详解】考查动词短语。make up one’s mind to do sth“下决心做某事”，主语是the boy，此处用形容词性物主代词his代指“他的”，participate in“参加”，the selection of“……的选拔”，根据“has”可知，此处用现在完成时。故填made up his mind to participate in the selection of。 7. 我国已建立数个自然保护区来保护大熊猫。 To save giant pandas, our government has some nature reserves. 【答案】set up 【详解】考查动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“建立”，对应的动词短语为set up。由空前的“has”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，set的过去分词为set。故填set up。 8. I thought of yours to solve the problem. 我还未想起比你的更好的方法解决此问题。(not... more) 【答案】 haven’t a better way than 【详解】考查时态和比较级。表示到目前为止还没有发生“想起” 这个动作，强调对现在的影响。用现在完成时。主语为I，谓语为haven’t hought of。“a... way”表示 “一种…… 方法” ，“更好的”使用“better”， 是 “good” 的比较级，“比”使用介词“than”， 用于比较级引出比较对象，即 “比你的更好的方法”，在句中作 “thought of” 的宾语。故填haven’t ；a better way than。 9. It wasn’t as big . 它没有我想象的那么大。 【答案】as I had expected 【详解】考查比较状语从句。句意：它没有我想象的那么大。表示“不如……那么……”时，结构为“not as/so + 形容词/副词 + as...”。根据句子结构，表示“我想象的”，这个动作发生在谓语动词wasn’t 之前，应该使用过去完成时，应用as I had imagined，构成not as...as引出的比较状语从句，符合句意。故填as I had imagined。 10. 当我终于写完文章时，获胜的念头已经被写作的乐趣所取代。 When I finally finished the essay, the thought of winning had to the enjoyment of writing. 【答案】 given way 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“被……所取代”应用介词短语give way to，结合“had”可知，空处需填过去分词构成过去完成时。故填①given；②way。 11. 数周以来，失业的威胁一直笼罩着她，直到她最终在另一家公司找到了新职位。 The threat of losing her job had her for weeks, until she ended up landing a new job in a different company. 【答案】 hung over 【详解】考查动词短语。根据所给中文句子和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“笼罩”，此处用动词短语：hang over意为“悬浮在……之上”，根据空前的had可知，用过去完成时，空处应填过去分词形式。故填①hung，②over。 12. He said he three times. 他说他已经去过长城3次了。 【答案】had been to the Great Wall 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。根据汉语意思可知，表示“长城”可用名词短语the Great Wall；表示“已经去过某地”可用完成时态have been to+地点，再根据上文的said可知，本句时态用过去完成时。故答案为had been to the Great Wall。 13. 但就连他们中的一部分人也表示， 家人曾力劝他们不要到日本旅游。(persuade) But even some of those said their families had in Japan. 【答案】tried to persuade them not to travel 【详解】考查短语和时态。“劝某人不要做某事”为persuade sb. not to do sth；“旅游”为“travel”；“力劝”即尽力劝说，用try to do sth.，这里“劝说”这个动作发生在“said”之前，“力劝”就用过去完成时，结构为“had + 过去分词”，try的过去分词是tried，故填tried to persuade them not to travel。 14. She her homework the phone rang suddenly. 她刚做完作业，这时电话突然响了。 【答案】 had just finished when 【详解】考查固定句型及动词时态。根据句意，此处表示“刚做完……这时……”，常用固定句型“had just done...when...”，表示一个动作刚完成，另一个动作突然发生，表示“完成”用动词finish，结合句型，第一空需用过去完成时had just finished；第二空用连词when。故填①had just finished②when。 15. 他们刚把行李箱打包好，这时就收到了旅行延期的通知。 They just their suitcases they received the notice of the trip delay. 【答案】 had packed when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“刚打包好这时……”，“刚……这时……”是固定句型had just done...when...，“打包好”是pack，其过去分词为packed。故填had，packed，when。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Having an emergency plan and actually carrying it out are two entirely different things. People may have all the 1 in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up (僵住) when it actually 2 . All that information and preparation would have been for 3 . 9-year-old Branson Baker did not 4 but instead quickly acted and saved his parents’ lives when their truck 5 during a tornado. The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 6 in the truck. Thankfully, Branson was able to get out of the damaged truck. Instead of remaining frozen in 7 , the little guy started a mile-long walk to get help. Eventually, Branson returned to the 8 with help for his mother and father. Branson’s father, Wayne, said that his son 9 in a way that other children of his age or adults wouldn’t have. “Branson 10 action really quick,” Wayne said. “For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very 11 . Not many adults would have done what he did.” Wayne 12 that he could not be more proud of a son that could accept a 13 in that circumstance. Branson is 14 a hero, putting aside his fears and anxiety to save lives. We could really depend on someone who is as brave and calm if 15 were to come. 1. A．consideration B．knowledge C．appreciation D．expectation 2. A．disappears B．exists C．forms D．strikes 3. A．none B．nothing C．something D．everything 4. A．break down B．calm down C．look out D．reach out 5. A．slid B．survived C．crashed D．restarted 6. A．attacked B．locked C．lost D．stuck 7. A．peace B．patience C．fear D．surprise 8. A．tornado B．scene C．operation D．building 9. A．acted B．illustrated C．marched D．proceeded 10. A．dropped B．changed C．controlled D．took 11. A．courageous B．professional C．creative D．graceful 12. A．demanded B．explained C．insisted D．added 13. A．contribution B．challenge C．proposal D．protest 14. A．obviously B．luckily C．legally D．traditionally 15. A．aid B．chances C．disasters D．revival 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了9岁男孩布兰森在龙卷风中勇救父母的故事。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们可能知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，但当它真正来临时还是会不知所措。A. consideration考虑；B. knowledge知识；C. appreciation欣赏；D. expectation期望。根据下文的“All that information and preparation”可知，此处表示人们知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，have knowledge about“了解”。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们可能知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，但当它真正来临时还是会不知所措。A. disappears消失；B. exists存在；C. forms形成；D. strikes袭击。根据上文“People may have all the 1 in the world about what to do during a tornado”及常识可知，此处表示当龙卷风真正“袭击/到来”时，人们还是不知所措。故选D。 3. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：所有的信息和准备都将白费。A. none一个也没有（三者及三者以上）；B. nothing没有什么；C. something某物；D. everything一切。根据上文“People may have all the 1   in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up when it actually 2 ”可知，此处表示虽然人们知道在龙卷风期间该做什么，但当它真正来临时还是会不知所措，所以所有的信息和准备都将“白费”。for nothing“徒劳，白费”。故选B。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：9岁的Branson Baker在龙卷风期间，当一家人的卡车被撞时，他没有崩溃，而是迅速采取行动，救下了父母的性命。A. break down崩溃；B. calm down冷静下来；C. look out当心；D. reach out伸出。根据下文“but instead quickly acted and saved his parents’ lives when their truck 5　 during a tornado. ”可知，此处表示9岁的Branson Baker没有像其他人一样崩溃，反而在卡车出事故时迅速行动。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：9岁的Branson Baker在龙卷风期间，当一家人的卡车被撞时，他没有崩溃，而是迅速采取行动，救下了父母的性命。A. slid滑动；B. survived幸存；C. crashed碰撞，撞车；D. restarted重新开始。根据下文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck”可知，暴风雨连根拔起一棵树，撞上了他们的卡车，即Branson Baker家的卡车被撞。故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Branson的父母受伤了，被困在卡车里。A. attacked攻击；B. locked锁；C. lost失去；D. stuck卡住，被困住。根据上文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck”及“Branson’s parents were injured”和下文“in the truck”可知，此处表示Branson的父母受伤了，被“卡住/被困住”在卡车里。故选D。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：小家伙没有因为害怕而僵住，而是开始走一英里多路去寻求帮助。A. peace和平；B. patience耐心；C. fear害怕；D. surprise惊讶。根据上文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 　6　 in the truck.”及“Instead of remaining frozen in”可知，父母受伤且被困在车里，此处表示小家伙没有因为“害怕”而僵住。故选C。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，Branson带着救援人员回到了事故现场，帮助他的父母。A. tornado龙卷风；B. scene现场；C. operation手术；D. building建筑物。根据上文“The storm uprooted a tree, which hit their truck. Branson’s parents were injured and 　6　 in the truck.”及“Branson returned to the”可知，此处表示Branson带着救援人员回到了卡车被撞的“现场”，去救援他的父母。故选B。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Branson的父亲韦恩说，他的儿子的表现不像其他同龄的孩子或成年人。A. acted行动；B. illustrated阐明；C. marched行军；D. proceeded进行。根据下文“in a way that other children of his age or adults wouldn’t have”可知，此处表示Branson的行动不像其他同龄的孩子或成年人。act in a way“以……方式行动”。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Branson行动非常快，”Wayne说。A. dropped掉落；B. changed改变；C. controlled控制；D. took拿，采取。根据下文“action really quick”可知，此处表示Branson“采取”行动非常快。take action“采取行动”。故选D。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个9岁的男孩来说，他很勇敢。A. courageous勇敢的；B. professional专业的；C. creative有创造力的；D. graceful优雅的。根据上文“Instead of remaining frozen in 　7　　, the little guy started a mile-long walk to get help.”和“For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very”可知，此处表示布兰森很“勇敢”。故选A。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Wayne补充说，他为在那种情况下能接受挑战的儿子感到非常自豪。A. demanded要求；B. explained解释；C. insisted坚持；D. added补充。根据上文“ “Branson 　10　 action really quick,” Wayne said. “For a 9-year-old boy, he’s very 　11　　. Not many adults would have done what he did.””及下文“that he could not be more proud of a son that could accept a 13　 in that circumstance.”可知，此处是Wayne对上文的话的补充，表示Wayne“补充”说。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wayne补充说，他为在那种情况下能接受挑战的儿子感到非常自豪。A. contribution贡献；B. challenge挑战；C. proposal提议；D. protest抗议。根据下文“in that circumstance”可知，此处表示Branson在那种情况下能接受“挑战”，Wayne为他感到骄傲。故选B。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Branson显然是个英雄，他放下恐惧和焦虑去救人。A. obviously显然地；B. luckily幸运地；C. legally合法地；D. traditionally传统地。根据下文“a hero”可知，Branson拯救了家人，显然Branson是个英雄。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果灾难来临，我们真的可以依靠那些勇敢而冷静的人。A. aid援助；B. chances机会；C. disasters灾难；D. revival复兴。根据上文“People may have all the 1　　　 in the world about what to do during a tornado but still freeze up (僵住) when it actually 　　　2　　　.”和“We could really depend on someone who is as brave and calm if”及下文“were to come”可知，此处表示如果“灾难”来临，我们可以依靠那些勇敢而冷静的人。故选C。 Passage 2 The ground trembled (颤动) violently, and screams filled the air. As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area, my heart pounding with a mix of fear and a sense of 1 . When I arrived, the scene was one of completely chaos. Buildings lay in ruins, and people were 2 searching for their loved ones. I saw a man crazily 3 with his bare hands, his face covered with dirt and tears. I 4 him and asked, “Can I help? Do you know if anyone is still 5 ?” He looked up at me, his eyes filled with despair, and said, “My wife and kids are in there.” Without 6 , I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾). Hours passed, and our 7 didn’t pay off. But just when we were about to give up hope, we heard a weak 8 . “Listen!” I shouted. “There’s someone alive!” We 9 our efforts, and finally, we found a little girl, left in a corner, 10 but alive. The man lifted her up in his arms and 11 with joy. “Thank you,” he said to me. “You gave me back my daughter.” As I continued to report on the disaster, I witnessed 12 acts of kindness. I also found a ray of 13 . In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the 14 . When I asked her why, she smiled and said, “In the darkest of times, a little 15 can go a long way.” 1. A．entertainment B．duty C．safety D．belonging 2. A．sufficiently B．impatiently C．hopelessly D．carelessly 3. A．conducting B．clapping C．digging D．waving 4. A．approached B．found C．comforted D．awakened 5. A．surrounded B．ignored C．crashed D．trapped 6. A．hesitation B．confirmation C．warning D．regret 7. A．effort B．attention C．contribution D．adventure 8. A．voice B．noise C．silence D．footstep 9. A．reconsidered B．redoubled C．rearranged D．replaced 10. A．injured B．absorbed C．lost D．deadly 11. A．jumped B．cried C．laughed D．shocked 12. A．thoughtless B．harmless C．fruitless D．countless 13. A．hope B．joy C．cheer D．comfort 14. A．soldiers B．volunteers C．survivors D．journalists 15. A．connection B．warmth C．reunion D．relief 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为记者在地震灾区的一次采访，包含了对灾难现场的描述以及人们之间的情感互动。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名记者，我冲向地震灾区，心中既恐惧又充满责任感。A. entertainment娱乐；B. duty责任；C. safety安全；D. belonging归属感。根据上文“As a journalist, I rushed to the earthquake-hit area”可知，作者是一名记者，前往地震灾区是出于责任感。故选B。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：建筑物沦为废墟，人们绝望地搜寻亲人。A. sufficiently充分地；B. impatiently没有耐心地；C. hopelessly绝望地；D. carelessly粗心的。根据上文“Buildings lay in ruins”可知，地震后，建筑全都沦为废墟，因此人们绝望地寻找亲人。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到一名男子徒手疯狂挖掘，脸上沾满泥土和泪水。A. conducting实施，进行；B. clapping拍手；C. digging挖掘；D. waving挥舞。根据下文“with his bare hands”可知，男子在废墟中徒手挖掘，试图救出亲人。故选C。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走近他问道：“需要帮忙吗？你知道下面还有人被困吗？”A. approached走近，接近；B. found发现；C. comforted安慰；D. awakened唤醒。根据下文“and asked, “Can I help?”可知，作者询问他是否需要帮助，因此是走近他。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. surrounded包围；B. ignored忽视；C. crashed撞车；D. trapped困住。根据下文“He looked up at me, his eyes filled with despair, and said, “My wife and kids are in there.””可知，男子回答他的妻子和孩子还在里面，因此作者询问男人是否有人被困在里面。故选D。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我毫不犹豫地加入他，一起搬开沉重的残骸。A. hesitation犹豫；B. confirmation确认；C. warning警告；D. regret遗憾。根据下文“I joined him, and together we removed the heavy debris (瓦砾).”可知，作者和男子一起搬开重的瓦砾，因此作者毫不犹豫地加入了救援。故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：数小时过去，我们的努力似乎徒劳无功。A. effort努力；B. attention注意；C. contribution贡献；D. adventure冒险。根据空后“didn’t pay off”可知，作者和男人的努力似乎没有结果。故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就在即将放弃希望时，我们听到微弱的声音。A. voice声音；B. noise噪音；C. silence沉默；D. footstep脚步声。根据下文““Listen!” I shouted. “There’s someone alive!””可知，作者让男子听，故此处指他们听到了废墟中微弱的声音。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们加倍努力，最终在角落发现一个小女孩——她受伤了，但还活着。A. reconsidered重新考虑；B. redoubled加倍；C. rearranged重新安排；D. replaced代替。根据上文““Listen!” I shouted. “There’s someone alive!””可知，作者听到了声音，知道有人还活着，所以他们加倍努力寻找。故选B。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. injured受伤的；B. absorbed沉迷的；C. lost迷路的；D. deadly致命的。根据空后的转折“but alive”推知，虽然活着，但受了伤。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：男子将她抱在怀里，喜极而泣。A. jumped跳起来；B. cried哭；C. laughed大笑；D. shocked震惊。根据下文“with joy. “Thank you,” he said to me. “You gave me back my daughter.””可知，作者和男子一起找到了他的孩子，男子很是感动，因此高兴得哭了。故选B。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在继续报道灾情的过程中，我目睹了无数善举。A. thoughtless轻率的，欠考虑的；B. harmless无伤害的；C. fruitless无结果的，徒劳的；D. countless无数的。根据上文“As I continued to report on the disaster”可知，作者在地震灾区继续报道，因此目睹了无数的善举。故选D。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也看到了一线希望。A. hope希望；B. joy高兴；C. cheer欢呼；D. comfort安慰。根据上文“As I continued to report on the disaster, I witnessed ____12____ acts of kindness.”和本句also可知，作者看到了无数的善举，同时也看到了一线希望。故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个小避难所里，我遇到了一位老妇人，她正在为幸存者织围巾。A. soldiers士兵；B. volunteers志愿者；C. survivors幸存者；D. journalists记者。根据下文“When I asked her why, she smiled and said, “In the darkest of times, a little ____15____ can go a long way.”可知，老妇人说在最黑暗的时刻，一点温暖也能传递很远，对遭遇了地震的幸存者来说，这是最黑暗的时刻，所以老妇人是在为幸存者织围巾。故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我问她为何这样做时，她微笑着说：“在最黑暗的时刻，一点温暖也能传递很远。”A. connection联系；B. warmth温暖；C. reunion重聚；D. relief放松。根据上文“In a small shelter, I met an elderly woman who was knitting (编织) scarves for the ____14____.”可知，老妇人在为幸存者织围巾，给他们带来温暖。故选B。 Passage 3 Last summer, my friends and I were super excited for a camping trip in a remote forest. We 1 a weekend full of fun and exploration, imagining ourselves hiking through the 2 , telling stories around the campfire at night. Little did we know, a nightmare was about to 3 . On the second day, while we were cooking lunch by the campfire, a strange, sharp 4 suddenly hit my nose. Looking up, we saw thick black smoke rising in the distance. To our horror, a wildfire was 5 towards us at top speed! 6 set in and we quickly stuffed important things into our backpacks. But when we tried to call for help, our phones had no 7 . Thankfully, we remembered the emergency plan we had learned before, and we 8 towards a small stream nearby. The flowing water provided some protection from the approaching 9 . As the fire got closer, the heat was intense, and the sound of crackling trees was 10 . Finally, after what felt like forever, the 11 arrived. They worked really hard and managed to 12 the fire, leading us to safety. Now, each time I 13 for a trip, my hands pause on the first-aid kit nestled in the side pocket. Checking supplies isn’t a 14 bother — it’s a silent nod to my past self by the stream. Those burnt hiking boots still sit under my bed, a sharp 15 of how fast joy can turn to fear. 1. A．pictured B．promised C．applauded D．recalled 2. A．continent B．fields C．woods D．plain 3. A．disappear B．repeat C．escape D．strike 4. A．sound B．taste C．smell D．touch 5. A．racing B．walking C．crawling D．flowing 6. A．Anger B．Panic C．Calm D．Joy 7. A．battery B．signal C．message D．function 8. A．wandered B．drove C．swam D．headed 9. A．rescue B．animals C．flames D．landslide 10. A．terrifying B．thrilling C．fascinating D．amusing 11. A．doctors B．hikers C．volunteers D．firefighters 12. A．put on B．put out C．put off D．put up 13. A．pack B．arrange C．gather D．organize 14. A．stress-related B．well-meant C．tiresome D．bittersweet 15. A．reward B．surprise C．souvenir D．reminder 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和朋友在偏远森林露营时遭遇森林火灾，在困境中他们依靠应急知识等待救援，最终获救，此次经历也让作者对准备应急物品有了深刻认识。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想象着一个充满乐趣和探索的周末，想象着自己在树林中徒步旅行，晚上围着篝火讲故事。A. pictured想象；B. promised承诺；C. applauded鼓掌；D. recalled回忆。根据下文“imagining ourselves hiking through...”可知，此处指在脑海中想象周末的露营情景，picture有“想象”之意，符合语境。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们想象着一个充满乐趣和探索的周末，想象着自己在树林中徒步旅行，晚上围着篝火讲故事。A. continent大陆；B. fields田野；C. woods树林；D. plain平原。根据上文“a camping trip in a remote forest”可知，露营地点在森林，所以是在树林中徒步，woods符合语境。故选C项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道，一场噩梦即将降临。A. disappear消失；B. repeat重复；C. escape逃跑；D. strike降临，侵袭。根据下文描述的森林火灾可知，此处指噩梦（火灾）即将来临，strike有“降临，侵袭”的意思，符合语境。故选D项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我们在篝火旁做午饭时，一股奇怪的刺鼻气味突然钻进我的鼻子。A. sound声音；B. taste味道；C. smell气味；D. touch触感。根据下文“hit my nose”可知，钻进鼻子的是气味，符合语境。故选C项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我们惊恐的是，一场野火正以最快的速度向我们袭来！A. racing快速移动，疾行；B. walking步行；C. crawling爬行；D. flowing流动。根据下文“at top speed”可知，野火快速向他们袭来，race有“快速移动，疾行”之意，能形象地描述野火的迅猛，符合语境。故选A项。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐慌袭来，我们迅速把重要的东西塞进背包。A. Anger愤怒；B. Panic恐慌；C. Calm平静；D. Joy喜悦。根据上文“To our horror”以及下文迅速收拾东西可知，面对野火，他们感到恐慌，panic符合语境。故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我们试图呼救时，手机没有信号。A. battery电池；B. signal信号；C. message信息；D. function功能。根据上文“tried to call for help”以及but表示转折可知，想呼救但手机没信号，signal符合语境。故选B项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们想起了之前学过的应急预案，然后朝着附近的一条小溪走去。A. wandered徘徊；B. drove驾驶；C. swam游泳；D. headed前往，朝……行进。根据下文“towards a small stream nearby”可知，为了逃离火灾，他们朝着小溪的方向走去，head符合语境。故选D项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：流动的水为我们提供了一些保护，使我们免受逼近的火焰的伤害。A. rescue救援；B. animals动物；C. flames火焰；D. landslide山体滑坡。根据上文提到野火来袭，可知此处是免受火焰伤害，flames符合语境。故选C项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着火势越来越近，热度非常强烈，树木燃烧的噼啪声令人恐惧。A. terrifying令人恐惧的；B. thrilling令人兴奋的；C. fascinating迷人的；D. amusing有趣的。根据上文“the heat was intense, and the sound of crackling trees”可知，在森林火灾的情境下，树木燃烧的声音会让人感到恐惧，terrifying符合语境。故选A项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，仿佛过了很久，消防员来了。A. doctors医生；B. hikers徒步旅行者；C. volunteers志愿者；D. firefighters消防员。根据下文“They worked really hard and managed to...the fire”可知，来灭火的是消防员，firefighters符合语境。故选D项。 12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们非常努力，成功扑灭了大火，把我们带到了安全的地方。A. put on穿上；B. put out扑灭；C. put off推迟；D. put up张贴，搭建。根据下文“the fire”以及“leading us to safety”可知，消防员扑灭了火，put out有“扑灭”之意，符合语境。故选B项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每次我收拾行李准备旅行时，我的手都会在放在侧袋里的急救包上停留一下。A. pack收拾（行李）；B. arrange安排；C. gather聚集；D. organize组织。根据下文“for a trip”以及下文提到急救包可知，是收拾行李准备旅行，pack符合语境。故选A项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：检查物品并不是一件烦人的事——这是对溪边过去的自己的一种无声致敬。A. stress-related与压力有关的；B. well-meant善意的；C. tiresome烦人的；D. bittersweet苦乐参半的。根据下文“it’s a silent nod to my past self by the stream”可知，作者认为检查物品并非烦人的事，而是有特殊意义，tiresome符合语境。故选C项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些烧焦的徒步靴还放在我的床底下，它强烈地提醒着我快乐能多么迅速地变成恐惧。A. reward奖励；B. surprise惊喜；C. souvenir纪念品；D. reminder提醒的事物。根据下文“how fast joy can turn to fear”可知，烧焦的靴子提醒着作者那次可怕的经历，reminder符合语境。故选D项。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chongqing—Since August 21, thousands of firefighters, armed police, and volunteers have been fighting the wildfire in Beibei, as the forest of Jinyun Mountain was burning for the 1 (five) day. Due to the 2 (extreme) hot weather in recent days, Chongqing 3 (fight) several forest fires around the mountains, 4 have drawn global attention. Most of the sites have announced 5 (success) fire suppression (压制). Still, the fire is in a severe state. Even though the road to the fire site 6 (block) due to safety concerns, warmhearted volunteers, mostly young people, still flooded in 7 (offer) help. On the scene, the volunteer leaders used loudspeakers to organize volunteers to carry and move 8 (supply), mainly water and ice. Liu Zhongliang, 24 years old, came with a veteran (退伍军人) organization of more than ten members. 9 group was waiting at the campsite at the foot of the mountain for a call for assistance. “We are a community,” said Liu. “Let’s get together 10 try to solve this problem.” 【答案】 1. fifth 2. extremely 3. has fought 4. which 5. successful 6. was blocked 7. to offer 8. supplies 9. The 10. and 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了重庆在极端高温条件下成功扑灭野火。 1. 考查数词。句意：重庆消息，自8月21日以来，数千名消防员、武警和志愿者一直在与北碚区的野火进行战斗，因为缙云山的森林已经燃烧了第五天。根据从句用的是过去进行时，表示的是第五天依旧在燃烧，所以空处填序数词。故填fifth。 2. 考查副词。句意：由于近日来极端炎热的天气，重庆周边山区已发生多起森林火灾扑救，引起全球关注。分析句子结构可知，空后是形容词hot，空处应用副词作状语修饰空后形容词，extreme的副词形式是extremely。故填extremely。 3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：由于近日来极端炎热的天气，重庆周边山区已发生多起森林火灾扑救，引起全球关注。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以fight作本句谓语，根据时间状语in recent days，应该用现在完成时，主语是Chongqing，为第三人称单数。故填has fought。 4. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：由于近日来极端炎热的天气，重庆周边山区已发生多起森林火灾扑救，引起全球关注。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5. 考查形容词。句意：大部分现场都宣布成功扑灭了火灾。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词短语fire suppression，所以空处应填形容词作定语，success的形容词形式是successful。 6. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管出于安全考虑，通往火灾现场的道路被封锁，但以年轻人为主的热心志愿者仍然涌入提供帮助。分析句子结构可知，从句缺少谓语动词，所以block作从句谓语，从句主语是the road，为第三人陈单数，和从句谓语是被动关系，应该用被动语态，讲述的是过去发生的事，应该用一般现在时。故填was blocked。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管出于安全考虑，通往火灾现场的道路被封锁，但以年轻人为主的热心志愿者仍然涌入提供帮助。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语flooded in，所以offer应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是warmhearted volunteers，两者间是主动关系，此处表目的，应该用不定式形式。故填to offer。 8. 考查名词。句意：在现场，志愿者领导用扩音器组织志愿者搬运物资，主要是水和冰。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词carry and move，后应接名词，构成动宾关系，supply意为“供给之物”时，是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式。故填supplies。 9. 考查冠词。句意：这群人在山脚下的营地等待救援电话。分析句子结构可知，此处的group为上文提到的a veteran organization of more than ten members，上文提到的人或事，下文再提到时，前应加定冠词the，又位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。 10. 考查连词。句意：让我们一起努力解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，“Let’s get together”和“try to solve this problem”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 Passage 2 A powerful magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck southwestern Haiti on Saturday, 1.___________ (kill) at least 304 people and injuring at least 1,800 others as buildings tumbled into rubble. Prime Minister Ariel Henry said he was rushing aid to areas 2.___________ towns were destroyed and hospitals overwhelmed with incoming 3.___________ (patient). By the time Henry made his first public statement, rescue teams 4.___________ (already arrive) at the hardest-hit regions. The epicenter of the quake was about 125 kilometers west of the capital of Port-au-Prince, and widespread damage 5.___________ (report) in the poorest nations as a tropical storm also bore down. Haiti’s civil protection agency said on Twitter that the death toll stood at 304, most in the country’s south. Rescue workers and bystanders were able to pull many people to 6.___________ (safe) from the rubble. The agency said 7.___________ (injure) people were still being delivered to hospitals. Henry declared a one-month state of emergency for the whole country and said he would not ask for international help 8.___________ the extent of the damages was known. He said some towns were almost 9.___________ (complete) destroyed and the government had people in the 10.___________ (coast) town of Les Cayes to help plan and coordinate (协调) the response. 答案 1. killing 2. where 3. patients 4. had arrived 5. was reported 6. safety 7. injured 8. until 9. completely 10. coastal 解析 1. killing 考查非谓语动词（现在分词）。句意：周六，海地西南部发生 7.2 级强烈地震，造成至少 304 人死亡、1800 多人受伤，建筑物倒塌成瓦砾。 逻辑主语 “earthquake” 与 “kill”（造成死亡）是主动关系，现在分词作结果状语，故填 “killing”。 2. where 考查定语从句。句意：总理阿里尔・亨利表示，他正紧急向城镇被毁、医院挤满伤员的地区运送援助物资。 先行词 “areas”（地区）是地点名词，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，需用关系副词表地点，故填 “where”。 3. patients 考查名词复数。句意：总理阿里尔・亨利表示，他正紧急向城镇被毁、医院挤满伤员的地区运送援助物资。 “incoming”（进来的）后接可数名词复数表泛指，“patient” 的复数形式为 “patients”，故填 “patients”。 4. had already arrived 考查时态（过去完成时）。句意：在亨利发表首次公开声明时，救援队已经抵达受灾最严重的地区。 标志词 “By the time Henry made his first public statement”（到亨利发表声明时），“arrive”（抵达）发生在 “made”（过去时）之前，即 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时 “had + 过去分词”，“already”（已经）置于 “had” 之后，故填 “had already arrived”。 5. was reported 考查语态（一般过去时被动）。句意：地震震中位于首都太子港以西约 125 公里处，据报道，这个最贫穷的国家遭受了广泛破坏，同时一场热带风暴也正在逼近。 主语 “widespread damage”（广泛破坏）与 “report”（报道）是被动关系，结合过去时态，用一般过去时被动语态 “was reported”，故填 “was reported”。 6. safety 考查名词。句意：救援人员和旁观者从瓦砾中救出了许多人。 介词 “to” 后接名词作宾语，“safe” 的名词形式为 “safety”（安全），故填 “safety”。 7. injured 考查形容词。句意：该机构表示，受伤人员仍在被送往医院。 修饰名词 “people”（人）需用形容词，“injure” 的形容词形式为 “injured”（受伤的），故填 “injured”。 8. until 考查连词。句意：亨利宣布全国进入为期一个月的紧急状态，并表示在了解损失程度之前，不会请求国际援助。 结合句意 “直到…… 才”，用连词 “until”，故填 “until”。 9. completely 考查副词。句意：他说一些城镇几乎被完全摧毁，政府已派人在沿海城镇莱凯帮助规划和协调应对工作。 修饰动词 “destroyed”（摧毁）需用副词，“complete” 的副词形式为 “completely”（完全地），故填 “completely”。 10. coastal 考查形容词。句意：他说一些城镇几乎被完全摧毁，政府已派人在沿海城镇莱凯帮助规划和协调应对工作。 修饰名词 “town”（城镇）需用形容词，“coast” 的形容词形式为 “coastal”（沿海的），故填 “coastal”。 Passage 3 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells (水井) rose and 1.___________ ( fall). Deep cracks appeared in the well walls. Chickens and even pigs 2.___________ ( be ) too nervous to eat and fish jumped out of the water. Dogs refused to go inside the buildings. By the time the quake hit at 3:42 a.m., many villagers 3.___________ (notice) these unusual signs but hadn’t taken them seriously. In a moment, the city lay in ruins. A huge crack cut across houses, roads, 4.___________ waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. More than 400,000 5.___________ (person) were killed or badly injured in the quake. As 6.___________ result, thousands of children were left without parents. Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again, which made more buildings fall down. People found water, food, and electricity hard 7.___________ (get) and wondered how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. 8.___________ (luck), 150,000 soldiers and more than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Water and food 9.___________ (bring) into the city by train, truck, and plane. Besides, workers built shelters for survivors (幸存者) 10.___________ homes had been destroyed. Slowly, Tangshan started to recover and breathe again. 答案 1. fell 2. were 3. had noticed 4. and 5. people 6. a 7. to get 8. Luckily 9. were brought 10. whose 解析 1. fell 考查时态（一般过去时）。句意：几天来，村里水井里的水时涨时落。 全文描述过去发生的地震事件，“rose”（rise 的过去式）与 “fall” 是并列谓语，均用一般过去时，“fall” 的过去式为 “fell”，故填 “fell”。 2. were 考查时态与主谓一致。句意：鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，鱼也跳出水面。 主语 “Chickens and even pigs”（复数），结合全文过去时态，be 动词用 “were”，故填 “were”。 3. had noticed 考查时态（过去完成时）。句意：到凌晨 3 点 42 分地震发生时，许多村民已经注意到了这些异常迹象，但没有重视。 标志词 “By the time the quake hit”（到地震发生时），“notice”（注意）发生在 “hit”（过去时）之前，即 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时 “had + 过去分词”，“notice” 的过去分词为 “noticed”，故填 “had noticed”。 4. and 考查连词。句意：一条巨大的裂缝横贯房屋、道路和水道。 “houses, roads” 与 “waterways” 是并列关系，用连词 “and” 连接，故填 “and”。 5. people 考查名词复数。句意：超过 40 万人在地震中死亡或受重伤。 “person” 的复数形式为 “people”（表 “人” 时单复数同形，此处指多人，用 “people”），故填 “people”。 6. a 考查冠词。句意：结果，成千上万的孩子失去了父母。 固定搭配 “as a result”（结果），故填 “a”。 7. to get 考查非谓语动词（不定式）。句意：人们发现水、食物和电都很难获得，并不知道这场灾难会持续多久。 固定结构 “find + 宾语 + adj. + to do”（发现做某事……），用不定式作宾语补足语，故填 “to get”。 8. luckily 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，15 万名士兵和 1 万多名医护人员赶来提供医疗救助。 修饰整个句子需用副词，“luck” 的副词形式为 “luckily”（幸运地），故填 “luckily”。 9. were brought 考查语态（一般过去时被动）。句意：水和食物通过火车、卡车和飞机运进了这座城市。 主语 “Water and food” 与 “bring”（带来）是被动关系，结合过去时态，用一般过去时被动语态 “were brought”，故填 “were brought”。 10. whose 考查定语从句。句意：此外，工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。 先行词 “survivors”（幸存者），定语从句中缺定语（“…… 的家园”），用关系代词 “whose”，故填 “whose”。 6 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$