精品解析：北京市清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

高23级试卷 英语 2025.08 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并将答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Sweat began to form on my forehead. I opened my mouth but only shot out a staccato (断断续续的声音) of “Buh-buh, buh-buh, b-bonjour”. My heart sank. As I ___1___ through my French presentation, I could feel my classmates’ eyes destroying any ___2___ of my confidence. Word by word, I stumbled onward. It was a new low. A few days later, I heard that school was to bring back the Poinsettia campaign during Christmas. The gift-giving and promotion activities during the festival had always been my favourite. Moreover, the campaign was a tradition that had ___3___ a few years earlier. Yet it involved public speeches at the school auditorium. I was caught in a mental struggle for days before my brother ___4___ me to have a try. The night before the conference, I spent hours practicing. Whenever I got stuck on a word, I changed it to an easier one. By the time I had finished, my throat ached. But I created a stutter(结巴)-friendly speech that would last long enough. The whole conference has faded in my memory. All I remember is walking to the stage on ___5___ legs. My stutter felt ready to mercilessly embarrass me in front of the entire school. I took a deep breath and got ready for the word staccatos to shoot out. But the strangest thing happened—I spoke ___6___. Word after word flowed off my tongue, and a moment later, the audience’s applause rang in the air. After this experience, life continued as normal, but the ___7___ I had undergone was apparent. Rather than avoiding anything that involved public speaking, I started to live more ___8___ and even take leadership roles. My confidence boomed. Finally, I was selected as student president. Looking back, I am amazed at the amount of change that can happen in a year. Having been caught up in a terrible ___9___ where my stutter ate away my confidence, I needed the Poinsettia Campaign to break out of it. While my stutter still strikes now and then, I no longer allow it to affect me. What happens now if I stutter? A moment of _____10_____, but that’s it. 1. A. saw B. pulled C. struggled D. walked 2. A. signs B. remains C. parts D. tracks 3. A. broken out B. run out C. died out D. turned out 4. A. convinced B. contacted C. invited D. reminded 5. A. strong B. shaky C. steady D. still 6. A. fluently B. awkwardly C. repeatedly D. loudly 7. A. change B. difficulty C. horror D. test 8. A. carefully B. secretly C. freely D. actively 9. A. mistake B. rush C. conflict D. cycle 10. A. regret B. anger C. sorrow D. embarrassment 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Rapa Nui, widely ____11____ (know) as Easter Island, is a Chilean territory in the Pacific Ocean. The island is home ____12____ a French-born artist. The artist, Delphine Poulain, was born in Paris 52 years ago and has been in love with Rapa Nui since she first visited in 1994. She smiles at the memory. “I ____13____ (ride) a horse through the beach when I first thought ‘I want to live here,’” she said. Then, Poulain worked as a professional sailor. One trip to Rapa Nui was enough to envision a future home in this tranquil land, though almost three decades passed before that dream ____14____ (come) true. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For too long, pop-science ____15____ (see) as a tool to better teach science to schoolchildren, but not adults. It is absolutely necessary to teach pop-science to children, ____16____ sense of science has a bearing on the nation’s scientific development. However, the adults’ need to study science should not be neglected. There are so many scientific developments adults will need to keep abreast of, especially during a pandemic. How do masks protect one from the virus? What other measures must one take to stay healthy? The more adults ____17____ (sharp) their scientific temper, the more attention they can pay to their children’s knowledge too. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Age is no criterion when it comes to ____18____ (change) your life. In fact, it might be just the opposite. The older we get, the more we must change. Change is ____19____ keeps us fresh and innovative. When we are young, it’s easy to experiment with different things. The older we get, the more set in our ways we become. We’ve found out what our comfort level is, and we all want to stay in it. We must fight through this. We must tell ____20____ (us) to look fear straight in the eye and take it on. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Four of the Best City Walks in Britain Edinburgh: Arthur’s Seat Why? Glorious panorama (全景) and majestic views Distance 5 miles Time 2 hours 45 mins Difficulty Difficult Start/ end Canongate, Royal mile This walk begins and ends beside one of its highlights, the Scottish parliament and Holyrood palace. Ascend into Holyrood Park, where a small detour (绕路) reveals a view of the remains of St. Anthony’s Chapel, before you reach a small plateau below the summit of Arthur’s Seat. Enjoy the panorama of the city, then take a grassy descent to Dunsapie Lake and its ducks and swans. The route goes down towards Old Church Lane and the Sheep Heid Inn, ahead of the Innocent Railway along the foot of the hill and the Innocent Railway tunnel. Climb back up to the foot of Arthur’s Seat, where Salisbury Crags offers more panoramic photo opportunities, particularly at night with Edinburgh Castle lit up below. Leeds: Rodley Canal and River Why? Waterside magic circular walk Distance 3.5 miles Time 1 hour 25 mins Difficulty Easy Start/ end Canal Road, Rodley Between the urban sprawls of Bradford and Leeds, picturesque Rodley is a waterside treat for walkers. Cows and sheep graze beside the boats on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and only the sound of invisible traffic gives away its location in one of Britain’s largest metropolitan areas. This walk leads along hidden stairways, stone bridges, narrow grass tracks between railway lines and the River Aire, and up and over dales. When the route returns to the canal, prepare for friendly warnings from cyclists’ bells. _____________________________ Greater Manchester: Sale and Mersey Water Parks Why? Assortment (融合) of natural life and city soul Distance 4.5 miles Time 2 hours 40 mins Difficulty Moderate Start/ end Priory Gardens, opposite Sale Sports Club, Dane Road, Sale This long-distance stroll, starting five miles from Manchester city centre, offers a diverse blend of urban and rural scenery. Once across the M60 motorway at the start, the route skirts past the Mersey, the Bridgewater Canal, the Chorlton Brook, and several lakes and nature reserves. Halfway through, it leads into Chorlton-cum-Hardy’s Southern Cemetery, final resting place for many of Manchester’s great and good. The flat route also passes through green open spaces and charming Manchester suburbs. Near Birmingham: Monarch’s Way, Halesowen Why? Rural escape on city boundary Distance 7 miles Time 3.5 hours Difficulty Moderate Start/ end Manor Way, Halesowen For a true countryside adventure, this trek through fields, woods and farmland with the Clent Hills looming large on the horizon is the perfect choice. It’s just eight miles from Birmingham city centre and five miles from Dudley. Leave behind the busy A56 and begin the route close to the medieval ruins of Halesowen Abbey. Follow the well-maintained Monarch’s Way from stile to stile, crossing streams and passing through pasture, copses and grasslands. The route does get muddy in places at this time of year. Check the weather before setting off, as you can be exposed to the elements quickly. 21. A common feature enjoyed by the four walks is that they all have ________. A. stone bridges B. railway lines C. urban scenery D. water scenery 22. What can we learn from this passage? A. There may be some cycling tracks along the Rodney Canal. B. The Edinburgh Castle is the highlight of the Arthur’s Seat walk. C. Exposure to the elements of an adventure is the best of Monarch’s Way. D. The greatest figures in Manchester are all buried in Southern Cemetery. 23. If you are new to Britain and want to explore as much as possible, but you don’t want to be so tired, you’d better try the route ________. A. Arthur’s Seat B. Rodney Canal and River C. Sale and Mersey Water Parks D. Monarch’s Way B It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me. But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by. When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in. So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way. Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there. I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders. When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace. 24. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning? A. She felt it hard to finish the race. B. She had no time to join in the event. C. She thought the research meaningless. D. She was reminded of her mother’s death. 25. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death? A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom. C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event. 26. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom? A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous. C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient. 27. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship C Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎). In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers warn that the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline is easy to be misunderstood. The findings do not mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright. 28. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean? A. Destroy and change nature. B. preserve the diversity of nature. C. Underestimate the benefits of nature. D. Love and protect nature. 29. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ________. A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise B. freshwater vertebrates are severely stricken C. species overexploitation by fishing is the worst D. Wildlife in biodiversity regions suffers the most 30. What is Hannah’s attitude towards LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline? A. unconcerned B. critical C. sympathetic D. doubtful 31. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The 2022 LPI is Revealed B. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework is Approaching C. Scientists achieved a Shared Interpretation of the 2022 LPI D. Actions are Needed to Save Declining Wildlife Populations D When to Trust Your Gut Humans have been practicing over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors spotted movement in the wild forest, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the capacity to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals. The question of when to trust your gut and when to test your assumptions whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist matters in the office as much as it does in the flat grassland. Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic maintenance and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to rule out instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, deliberation beats instinct. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently less tractable to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the essence of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In tricky customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script. Gut instincts can also be improved (call it “probiotic management”). Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more accurate with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were counterfeit or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be. However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is nothing but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to prioritize, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day. When to use intuition in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision-maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to hesitation. 32. What’s the function of the second paragraph? A. To clearly state the main idea of the article. B. To introduce examples to support the main idea. C. To critically include the other side of viewpoint. D. To support the main idea from the opposite perspective. 33. In which situation may people trust their gut? A. The working mechanism is perfectly organized. B. The time window for making decision is limited. C. The reasoning process matters more than emotion. D. The decision is critical to the survival of a company. 34. What can be implied from the passage? A. The ability to trust your gut matters more nowadays. B. Experience plays a vital role in cultivating gut instincts. C. Gut instincts are more advisable in screening job applicants. D. Gut instincts can be improved by owning designer products. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Going to Extremes James Kelvin recently jumped out of a plane over a mountain, and then snow boarded down it. ____35____ You might think James is crazy, but he’s one of a growing number of extreme sports fans. These sports are being invented and developed all the time. And one thing they all share is the high-risk factor. Why would anyone want to take such risks and push themselves beyond their limits? One popular theory is that extreme sports have evolved as a reaction to our increasingly safe lifestyles in the past, just staying alive and finding enough food to eat was a daily challenge but now in most developed countries, that is no longer the case. ____36____ In developing countries where life is more difficult and people’s time is dedicated to the basics of day-to-day living or simply surviving, there is no time, inclination or necessity for them. Another theory argues that extreme sports attract adrenaline junkies (爱冒险的人). ____37____ Adrenaline is a chemical released in the body as a response to stress and danger, but for some people, the feeling gives a heightened sense of being alive, a feeling they want to experience again and again. For some adventurers, reaching the same goal many times doesn’t bring the same excitement or thrill as before. For this reason, they need a big risk, a new target to reach and extreme sports are the perfect solution. ____38____ Having interviewed many extreme sports men and women, he doesn’t believe they are thrill-seekers who risk their lives for an adrenaline high, or people who find modern life too safe so feel the need to take risks. In contrast, his research shows that for participants risk-taking doesn’t come into it at all. They understand the environment, task and their own level of skill and ability—emotional, physical and psychological—so well that for them the focus is on controlling all these things and developing as individuals. ____39____ They are expressing a wish for life, not a foolish death wish—something they cannot do in their normal work roles. It seems that extreme sports participants may have been given a bad press. Whichever theory you believe, you may be able to benefit from some extreme sports. They aren’t all as dangerous as base jumping. So why not give one a go? A. Last year he tried base jumping and whitewater kayaking. B. As a result, some people feel the need to experience the thrill of risk-taking. C. However, for psychologist Eric Brymer, neither of these theories is accurate. D. Extreme sports are their way of enjoying lite to the full and being the best they can be. E. These are people who do them for the danger, because they feel a “high” when they participate. F. Not everyone enjoys the thrill of extreme sports—for some people they are a terrifying experience. G. Critics say that these foolhardy people endanger themselves and others and should therefore have to pay for their own treatment. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分) The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was: "Things are working out for your own good. Just give them some time." Those words just stirred a lot of anger in me. Then I read the story of the Chinese bamboo farmer, which gave me a different view on life. The seed of the Chinese bamboo is planted in the ground like every seed. It is watered, and fed with nutrients daily, but it shows no immediate physical response and doesn't appear to grow. The farmer continues to water and feed the seed in year one, year two, and year three. No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. The Chinese bamboo grows to its full capacity within 5 years. Despite not seeing an immediate result, the farmer had trust in what he was doing. He continued to water and feed the plant for four years, because he believed that if he played his own role and did all that a farmer was supposed to do, then he would be given his reward at the right time. That trust and patience is what kept the farmer persistently feeding his seed for four years before enjoying the reward in the end. Life is not always straightforward. Most often, it's not a matter of 5+5 =10 (Sum 1). Life can be more like 2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1 + 1=10 (Sum 2). Both sums lead to the same result, but through quite different paths and processes. To be mature is to accept that things might look rough right now but the story can still have a great ending. We might live in a microwave generation where everything seems to happen instantly; but many things still obey the laws of nature. Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. 40. What happened to the author in the final year of college? 41. How does the Chinese bamboo grow in the fourth year? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. 43. Which is your life more like, Sum 1 or Sum 2? Explain why. (about 40 words) 第二节(20分) 44. 你的英国朋友Jim所在的国际学校下周五组织学生在北京旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“中轴线徒步”或者“798艺术区游览”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1.你建议的线路； 2.你的理由； 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：北京中轴线 Beijing Central Axis 798艺术区 798 ArtDist Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高23级试卷 英语 2025.08 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并将答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Sweat began to form on my forehead. I opened my mouth but only shot out a staccato (断断续续的声音) of “Buh-buh, buh-buh, b-bonjour”. My heart sank. As I ___1___ through my French presentation, I could feel my classmates’ eyes destroying any ___2___ of my confidence. Word by word, I stumbled onward. It was a new low. A few days later, I heard that school was to bring back the Poinsettia campaign during Christmas. The gift-giving and promotion activities during the festival had always been my favourite. Moreover, the campaign was a tradition that had ___3___ a few years earlier. Yet it involved public speeches at the school auditorium. I was caught in a mental struggle for days before my brother ___4___ me to have a try. The night before the conference, I spent hours practicing. Whenever I got stuck on a word, I changed it to an easier one. By the time I had finished, my throat ached. But I created a stutter(结巴)-friendly speech that would last long enough. The whole conference has faded in my memory. All I remember is walking to the stage on ___5___ legs. My stutter felt ready to mercilessly embarrass me in front of the entire school. I took a deep breath and got ready for the word staccatos to shoot out. But the strangest thing happened—I spoke ___6___. Word after word flowed off my tongue, and a moment later, the audience’s applause rang in the air. After this experience, life continued as normal, but the ___7___ I had undergone was apparent. Rather than avoiding anything that involved public speaking, I started to live more ___8___ and even take leadership roles. My confidence boomed. Finally, I was selected as student president. Looking back, I am amazed at the amount of change that can happen in a year. Having been caught up in a terrible ___9___ where my stutter ate away my confidence, I needed the Poinsettia Campaign to break out of it. While my stutter still strikes now and then, I no longer allow it to affect me. What happens now if I stutter? A moment of _____10_____, but that’s it. 1. A. saw B. pulled C. struggled D. walked 2. A. signs B. remains C. parts D. tracks 3. A. broken out B. run out C. died out D. turned out 4. A. convinced B. contacted C. invited D. reminded 5. A. strong B. shaky C. steady D. still 6. A. fluently B. awkwardly C. repeatedly D. loudly 7. A. change B. difficulty C. horror D. test 8. A. carefully B. secretly C. freely D. actively 9. A. mistake B. rush C. conflict D. cycle 10. A. regret B. anger C. sorrow D. embarrassment 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者因口吃在法语展示中受挫，后借圣诞活动克服恐惧，重拾自信并实现成长的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我艰难地完成法语展示时，我能感觉到同学们的目光正在摧毁我仅存的一点自信。A. saw看见；B. pulled拉；C. struggled艰难地做；D. walked走。根据上文“I opened my mouth but only shot out a staccato (断断续续的声音) of “Buh-buh, buh-buh, b-bonjour”.”及下文“Word by word, I stumbled onward”可知，作者口吃严重，展示过程很艰难。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我艰难地完成法语展示时，我能感觉到同学们的目光正在摧毁我仅存的一点自信。A. signs迹象；B. remains剩余部分，残骸；C. parts部分；D. tracks轨迹。根据下文的“Word by word, I stumbled onward.”可知，口吃的窘迫状态让作者跌跌撞撞地继续着，由此可推断，此处指的是同学们的目光让作者仅有的一点自信也消失了，符合语境。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，这项活动是几年前就已经消失的传统。A. broken out爆发；B. run out用完；C. died out消失；D. turned out结果是。根据上文“school was to bring back the Promsition campaign”可知，它曾消失过，“died out”符合语境。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我陷入了几天的思想斗争，直到我哥哥说服我试一试。A. convinced说服；B. contacted联系；C. invited邀请；D. reminded提醒。根据上文的“I was caught in a mental struggle”及下文的“to have a try”可知，哥哥是说服了纠结的作者。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只记得我迈着颤抖的双腿走向舞台。A. strong强壮的；B. shaky颤抖的；C. steady稳定的；D. still静止的。根据下文“My stutter felt ready to mercilessly embarrass me”可知，作者因担心口吃尴尬而紧张，双腿会颤抖。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但最奇怪的事情发生了——我说话很流利。A. fluently流利地；B. awkwardly尴尬地；C. repeatedly重复地；D. loudly大声地。根据上文的“But”及后文“Word after word flowed off my tongue”可知，作者此次没有口吃，说话很流利，“fluently”与前文的口吃形成对比。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次经历之后，生活依旧，但我所经历的变化是显而易见的。A. change变化；B. difficulty困难；C. horror恐惧；D. test测试。根据下文“Rather than avoiding anything that involved public speaking, I started to live more ___8___ and even take leadership roles.”可知，作者在经历后发生了明显变化。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不再回避任何涉及公开演讲的事情，反而开始更积极地生活，甚至担任起领导职务。A. carefully仔细地；B. secretly秘密地；C. freely自由地；D. actively积极地。根据上文的“Rather than avoiding anything that involved public speaking”及下文的“take leadership roles”可知，作者变得积极主动。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾陷入一个可怕的循环，口吃吞噬了我的自信，我需要Poinsettia Campaign来打破它。A. mistake错误；B. rush匆忙；C. conflict冲突；D. cycle循环。根据下文“where my stutter ate away my confidence”可知，口吃导致自信缺失，由此可知，此处指的是可能形成恶性循环，“cycle”符合语境，指“口吃—缺自信”的循环。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：会有一瞬间的尴尬，但仅此而已。A. regret后悔；B. anger愤怒；C. sorrow悲伤；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“My stutter felt ready to mercilessly embarrass me”可知，口吃曾让作者尴尬，但现在作者已释怀，只偶尔有瞬间尴尬，“embarrassment”呼应前文。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Rapa Nui, widely ____11____ (know) as Easter Island, is a Chilean territory in the Pacific Ocean. The island is home ____12____ a French-born artist. The artist, Delphine Poulain, was born in Paris 52 years ago and has been in love with Rapa Nui since she first visited in 1994. She smiles at the memory. “I ____13____ (ride) a horse through the beach when I first thought ‘I want to live here,’” she said. Then, Poulain worked as a professional sailor. One trip to Rapa Nui was enough to envision a future home in this tranquil land, though almost three decades passed before that dream ____14____ (come) true. 【答案】11. known 12. to 13. was riding 14. came 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍复活节岛（拉帕努伊岛）及法国出生的艺术家德尔菲娜·普兰在该岛的生活愿景与经历。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：拉帕努伊岛，常被称为复活节岛，是太平洋上的智利领土。该句中已有谓语动词is，且无连词，此处为非谓语动词，Rapa Nui与know为被动关系，用过去分词known作后置定语。故填known。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：这座岛上住着一位法国出生的艺术家。此处为固定搭配“be home to”，意为“是……的家园/所在地”符合句意，所以用介词to。故填to。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：“我当时正骑马穿过海滩，就在那一刻，我第一次萌生了‘我想住在这里’的念头，”她说。此处为固定句型“be doing…when…”意为“当一件事经发生时，另一件事情发生”，结合when引导的从句中的谓语动词thought可知，此处使用过去进行时，主语为第一人称，谓语动词用was riding。故填was riding。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：虽然过了将近30年这个梦想才实现，但一次拉帕努伊岛之行就足以让她憧憬在这片宁静的土地上拥有一个未来的家。此处为谓语动词，结合上文的谓语动词passed可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为came。故填came。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For too long, pop-science ____15____ (see) as a tool to better teach science to schoolchildren, but not adults. It is absolutely necessary to teach pop-science to children, ____16____ sense of science has a bearing on the nation’s scientific development. However, the adults’ need to study science should not be neglected. There are so many scientific developments adults will need to keep abreast of, especially during a pandemic. How do masks protect one from the virus? What other measures must one take to stay healthy? The more adults ____17____ (sharp) their scientific temper, the more attention they can pay to their children’s knowledge too. 【答案】15. has been seen 16. whose 17. sharpen 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述科普不应仅面向儿童，成年人也需学习科普以跟上科学发展。 【15题详解】 考查动词语态和时态。句意：长期以来，科普一直被视为向学龄儿童而非成年人更好地传授科学知识的工具。此处为谓语动词，根据“For too long”可知，用现在完成时；且pop-science与see为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语pop-science为不可数名词，所以谓语动词为has been seen。故填has been seen。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：向儿童传授科普知识是绝对必要的，他们的科学意识关系到国家的科学发展。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为children，在从句中作定语，与空后的sense of science为所属关系，用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：成年人的科学素养越高，他们也能越多地关注孩子的知识学习。此处为谓语动词，描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语the more adults为复数，所以用sharp的动词原形sharpen意为“提高、增强”。故填sharpen。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Age is no criterion when it comes to ____18____ (change) your life. In fact, it might be just the opposite. The older we get, the more we must change. Change is ____19____ keeps us fresh and innovative. When we are young, it’s easy to experiment with different things. The older we get, the more set in our ways we become. We’ve found out what our comfort level is, and we all want to stay in it. We must fight through this. We must tell ____20____ (us) to look fear straight in the eye and take it on. 【答案】18. changing 19. what 20. ourselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述年龄并非改变生活的标准，人越年长越需改变以保持活力。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：谈到改变生活，年龄并非评判标准。此处为固定搭配“when it comes to doing sth.”，意为“当谈及做某事时”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式，所以用changing。故填changing。 【19题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：改变是让我们保持鲜活与创新的事物。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“让我们保持鲜活与创新的事物”，用连接代词what。故填what。 【20题详解】 考查代词。句意：我们必须告诉自己要直视恐惧并勇敢面对它。此处主语和宾语指同一群体“我们”，用we的反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Four of the Best City Walks in Britain Edinburgh: Arthur’s Seat Why? Glorious panorama (全景) and majestic views Distance 5 miles Time 2 hours 45 mins Difficulty Difficult Start/ end Canongate, Royal mile This walk begins and ends beside one of its highlights, the Scottish parliament and Holyrood palace. Ascend into Holyrood Park, where a small detour (绕路) reveals a view of the remains of St. Anthony’s Chapel, before you reach a small plateau below the summit of Arthur’s Seat. Enjoy the panorama of the city, then take a grassy descent to Dunsapie Lake and its ducks and swans. The route goes down towards Old Church Lane and the Sheep Heid Inn, ahead of the Innocent Railway along the foot of the hill and the Innocent Railway tunnel. Climb back up to the foot of Arthur’s Seat, where Salisbury Crags offers more panoramic photo opportunities, particularly at night with Edinburgh Castle lit up below. Leeds: Rodley Canal and River Why? Waterside magic circular walk Distance 3.5 miles Time 1 hour 25 mins Difficulty Easy Start/ end Canal Road, Rodley Between the urban sprawls of Bradford and Leeds, picturesque Rodley is a waterside treat for walkers. Cows and sheep graze beside the boats on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and only the sound of invisible traffic gives away its location in one of Britain’s largest metropolitan areas. This walk leads along hidden stairways, stone bridges, narrow grass tracks between railway lines and the River Aire, and up and over dales. When the route returns to the canal, prepare for friendly warnings from cyclists’ bells. _____________________________ Greater Manchester: Sale and Mersey Water Parks Why? Assortment (融合) of natural life and city soul Distance 4.5 miles Time 2 hours 40 mins Difficulty Moderate Start/ end Priory Gardens, opposite Sale Sports Club, Dane Road, Sale This long-distance stroll, starting five miles from Manchester city centre, offers a diverse blend of urban and rural scenery. Once across the M60 motorway at the start, the route skirts past the Mersey, the Bridgewater Canal, the Chorlton Brook, and several lakes and nature reserves. Halfway through, it leads into Chorlton-cum-Hardy’s Southern Cemetery, final resting place for many of Manchester’s great and good. The flat route also passes through green open spaces and charming Manchester suburbs. Near Birmingham: Monarch’s Way, Halesowen Why? Rural escape on city boundary Distance 7 miles Time 3.5 hours Difficulty Moderate Start/ end Manor Way, Halesowen For a true countryside adventure, this trek through fields, woods and farmland with the Clent Hills looming large on the horizon is the perfect choice. It’s just eight miles from Birmingham city centre and five miles from Dudley. Leave behind the busy A56 and begin the route close to the medieval ruins of Halesowen Abbey. Follow the well-maintained Monarch’s Way from stile to stile, crossing streams and passing through pasture, copses and grasslands. The route does get muddy in places at this time of year. Check the weather before setting off, as you can be exposed to the elements quickly. 21. A common feature enjoyed by the four walks is that they all have ________. A. stone bridges B. railway lines C. urban scenery D. water scenery 22. What can we learn from this passage? A. There may be some cycling tracks along the Rodney Canal. B. The Edinburgh Castle is the highlight of the Arthur’s Seat walk. C. Exposure to the elements of an adventure is the best of Monarch’s Way. D. The greatest figures in Manchester are all buried in Southern Cemetery. 23. If you are new to Britain and want to explore as much as possible, but you don’t want to be so tired, you’d better try the route ________. A. Arthur’s Seat B. Rodney Canal and River C. Sale and Mersey Water Parks D. Monarch’s Way 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍英国四条最佳城市徒步路线，包括爱丁堡亚瑟王座、利兹罗德利运河与河流等路线的特色、距离、时长及难度等信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Edinburgh: Arthur’s Seat部分中的“Enjoy the panorama of the city, then take a grassy descent to Dunsapie Lake and its ducks and swans. (饱览城市全景后，再沿着长满青草的坡道下行，前往邓萨皮湖，观赏湖边的鸭群与天鹅。)”、根据Leeds: Rodley Canal and River部分中的“Cows and sheep graze beside the boats on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and only the sound of invisible traffic gives away its location in one of Britain’s largest metropolitan areas. (利兹-利物浦运河边，牛羊在船只旁吃草，唯有远处隐约的车流声，才让人察觉这里地处英国最大的都市区之一。)”、根据Greater Manchester: Sale and Mersey Water Parks部分中的“Once across the M60 motorway at the start, the route skirts past the Mersey, the Bridgewater Canal, the Chorlton Brook, and several lakes and nature reserves. (出发后一旦穿过 M60 高速公路，这条路线便会蜿蜒经过默西河、布里奇沃特运河、乔尔顿溪，以及几处湖泊与自然保护区。)”、以及Near Birmingham: Monarch’s Way, Halesowen部分中的“Follow the well-maintained Monarch’s Way from stile to stile, crossing streams and passing through pasture, copses and grasslands. (沿着维护良好的“君主步道”，从一道梯栏走向另一道梯栏，途中会跨过溪流，穿过牧场、小灌木丛与草原。)”可知，四条徒步路线均包含水景。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Leeds: Rodley Canal and River部分中的“When the route returns to the canal, prepare for friendly warnings from cyclists’ bells.(当路线回到运河边时，要做好听到骑行者友好的车铃声提示的准备。)”可知，罗德利运河沿线可能有自行车道，所以会有骑行者经过并发出铃声。故选A项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Edinburgh: Arthur’s Seat部分的“Distance 5 miles Time 2 hours 45 mins Difficulty Difficult(距离 5 英里 耗时2小时45分钟 难度：困难)”、Leeds: Rodley Canal and River部分中的“Distance 3.5 miles Time 1 hour 25 mins Difficulty Easy(距离3.5英里 耗时1小时25分钟 难度：简单)”、Greater Manchester: Sale and Mersey Water Parks部分中的“Distance 4.5 miles Time 2 hours 40 mins Difficulty Moderate(距离4.5英里 耗时2小时40分钟 难度：中等)”、Near Birmingham: Monarch’s Way, Halesowen部分中的“Distance 7 miles Time 3.5 hours Difficulty Moderate(距离7英里 耗时3.5小时 难度：中等)”可知，Leeds: Rodley Canal and River路线难度最低、耗时最短，适合初次到英国且不想太累，又想探索的人。故选B项。 B It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me. But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by. When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in. So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way. Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there. I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders. When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace. 24. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning? A. She felt it hard to finish the race. B. She had no time to join in the event. C. She thought the research meaningless. D. She was reminded of her mother’s death. 25. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death? A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom. C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event. 26. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom? A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous. C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient. 27. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.”（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“She was the type who never got defeated. ”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句“I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.”（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选C项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句“As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.”（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。 C Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), reveals that studied populations of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have seen an average decline of 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previous predictions. The LPI tracked global biodiversity between 1970 and 2018, based on the monitoring of 31,821 populations of 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overexploitation by hunting, fishing or poaching (偷猎). In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL. He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on “meaningful, well measurable targets and goals”. “We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity, in order for us to see a meaningful action,” says Freeman. But some researchers warn that the LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline is easy to be misunderstood. The findings do not mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators. “All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright. 28. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean? A. Destroy and change nature. B. preserve the diversity of nature. C. Underestimate the benefits of nature. D. Love and protect nature. 29. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show ________. A. the number of Amazon dolphins is on the rise B. freshwater vertebrates are severely stricken C. species overexploitation by fishing is the worst D. Wildlife in biodiversity regions suffers the most 30. What is Hannah’s attitude towards LPI’s use of a headline figure of decline? A. unconcerned B. critical C. sympathetic D. doubtful 31. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. The 2022 LPI is Revealed B. The COP15 Biodiversity Framework is Approaching C. Scientists achieved a Shared Interpretation of the 2022 LPI D. Actions are Needed to Save Declining Wildlife Populations 【答案】28. B 29. B 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2022年地球生命力指数显示全球野生动物种群大幅下降，分析受影响群体、原因，提及相关峰会及对指数的不同看法，呼吁采取行动拯救自然。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen. “We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. (世界自然基金会的马克·赖特表示，物种减少的程度具有破坏性，且持续恶化。他说：“我们没有看到任何真正积极的迹象表明，我们正开始扭转自然界（物种减少）的趋势。”)”可知，前文强调物种减少恶化，“积极迹象”应指向改善这一状况，即保护自然多样性。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations, with monitored populations showing an average decline of 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazon pink river dolphin, for example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its population between 1994 and 2016. (淡水脊椎动物是受影响最严重的种群之一，自1970年以来，被监测的种群数量平均下降了83%。例如，1994年至2016年间，亚马逊粉红河豚的数量下降了65%。)”可知，作者以亚马逊粉红河豚为例，是为具体说明淡水脊椎动物种群数量大幅下降，即它们受到严重冲击。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The findings do not mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data. (这些研究结果并不意味着全球所有物种或种群都在减少。事实上，约有一半的种群呈现稳定或增长趋势，另一半则呈下降趋势。“我认为看待这一问题更恰当、更有效的方式是聚焦特定物种或种群，” 来自Our World in Data的汉娜・里奇表示。)”可知，汉娜指出该指数的总体数据易误解，并提出更优的看待方式，态度带有批判性。故选B项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines, according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world. (根据新数据，全球野生动物种群正面临大幅下降，这促使环保人士呼吁采取紧急行动拯救自然界。)”以及第二段分析种群下降情况与原因、第三段提及COP15峰会旨在制定目标保护生物多样性、第四段对指数的不同解读可知，文章核心是围绕野生动物种群下降展开，呼吁采取行动拯救，“需要采取行动拯救不断减少的野生动物种群”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 D When to Trust Your Gut Humans have been practicing over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors spotted movement in the wild forest, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the capacity to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals. The question of when to trust your gut and when to test your assumptions whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist matters in the office as much as it does in the flat grassland. Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic maintenance and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to rule out instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, deliberation beats instinct. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently less tractable to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the essence of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In tricky customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script. Gut instincts can also be improved (call it “probiotic management”). Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more accurate with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were counterfeit or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be. However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is nothing but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to prioritize, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day. When to use intuition in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision-maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to hesitation. 32. What’s the function of the second paragraph? A. To clearly state the main idea of the article. B. To introduce examples to support the main idea. C. To critically include the other side of viewpoint. D. To support the main idea from the opposite perspective. 33. In which situation may people trust their gut? A. The working mechanism is perfectly organized. B. The time window for making decision is limited. C. The reasoning process matters more than emotion. D. The decision is critical to the survival of a company. 34. What can be implied from the passage? A. The ability to trust your gut matters more nowadays. B. Experience plays a vital role in cultivating gut instincts. C. Gut instincts are more advisable in screening job applicants. D. Gut instincts can be improved by owning designer products. 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨在工作场合中何时该相信直觉、何时该理性分析，分析了审慎思考与直觉决策各自的适用场景及直觉的提升方式。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic maintenance and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to rule out instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, deliberation beats instinct. (审慎思考是管理良好的工作场所的特征。战略维护和预算讨论建立在多轮会议、备忘录、公式和演示的基础上。流程设计得越来越能排除本能反应。从求职者的盲筛到使用“红队”技术剖析公司计划，审慎思考都优于本能。)”可知，第二段通过列举工作中战略维护、预算讨论、求职者盲筛等例子，支撑“审慎思考在工作场合中很重要”这一观点，因此本段的功能是“从对立角度（相对于后文的‘直觉’）支持主旨。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. (然而，采用快速思考的真正原因是它确实很快。凭直觉做决定往往是顺利度过一天的唯一方法。)”可知，直觉决策的优势在于速度快，由此可推知，当决策的时间窗口有限（需要快速做决定）时，人们可能会相信直觉。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more accurate with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were counterfeit or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be. (大量研究表明，直觉会随着经验的积累而变得更准确。在2012年进行的一项著名实验中，志愿者被要求判断一组名牌手袋是假货还是正品。一些人被要求凭直觉判断，另一些人则被要求深思熟虑后再做决定。对于那些拥有至少三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉的效果更好；事实上，它比分析更有效。你越专业，你的直觉往往就越好。)”可知，实验表明有相关经验（拥有名牌手袋）的人直觉更准确，且“越专业直觉越好”，由此可推断，经验在培养直觉方面起着至关重要的作用。故选B项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Going to Extremes James Kelvin recently jumped out of a plane over a mountain, and then snow boarded down it. ____35____ You might think James is crazy, but he’s one of a growing number of extreme sports fans. These sports are being invented and developed all the time. And one thing they all share is the high-risk factor. Why would anyone want to take such risks and push themselves beyond their limits? One popular theory is that extreme sports have evolved as a reaction to our increasingly safe lifestyles in the past, just staying alive and finding enough food to eat was a daily challenge but now in most developed countries, that is no longer the case. ____36____ In developing countries where life is more difficult and people’s time is dedicated to the basics of day-to-day living or simply surviving, there is no time, inclination or necessity for them. Another theory argues that extreme sports attract adrenaline junkies (爱冒险的人). ____37____ Adrenaline is a chemical released in the body as a response to stress and danger, but for some people, the feeling gives a heightened sense of being alive, a feeling they want to experience again and again. For some adventurers, reaching the same goal many times doesn’t bring the same excitement or thrill as before. For this reason, they need a big risk, a new target to reach and extreme sports are the perfect solution. ____38____ Having interviewed many extreme sports men and women, he doesn’t believe they are thrill-seekers who risk their lives for an adrenaline high, or people who find modern life too safe so feel the need to take risks. In contrast, his research shows that for participants risk-taking doesn’t come into it at all. They understand the environment, task and their own level of skill and ability—emotional, physical and psychological—so well that for them the focus is on controlling all these things and developing as individuals. ____39____ They are expressing a wish for life, not a foolish death wish—something they cannot do in their normal work roles. It seems that extreme sports participants may have been given a bad press. Whichever theory you believe, you may be able to benefit from some extreme sports. They aren’t all as dangerous as base jumping. So why not give one a go? A. Last year he tried base jumping and whitewater kayaking. B. As a result, some people feel the need to experience the thrill of risk-taking. C. However, for psychologist Eric Brymer, neither of these theories is accurate. D. Extreme sports are their way of enjoying lite to the full and being the best they can be. E. These are people who do them for the danger, because they feel a “high” when they participate. F. Not everyone enjoys the thrill of extreme sports—for some people they are a terrifying experience. G. Critics say that these foolhardy people endanger themselves and others and should therefore have to pay for their own treatment. 【答案】35. A 36. B 37. E 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕极限运动展开，介绍了极限运动的高风险特点，并探讨了人们参与极限运动的不同原因，还提及心理学家对极限运动参与者的研究观点。 【35题详解】 根据空前的“James Kelvin recently jumped out of a plane over a mountain, and then snow boarded down it. (詹姆斯·开尔文最近从一座山上的飞机上跳了下来，然后滑雪下山。)”可知，此空应继续列举詹姆斯参与的其他极限运动，体现他对极限运动的热衷。A选项“Last year he tried base jumping and whitewater kayaking. (去年他尝试了定点跳伞和激流皮划艇。)”中的“he”指代James Kelvin，补充了他参与的其他极限运动，符合语境。故选A项。 【36题详解】 根据空前的“One popular theory is that extreme sports have evolved as a reaction to our increasingly safe lifestyles in the past, just staying alive and finding enough food to eat was a daily challenge but now in most developed countries, that is no longer the case. (一种流行的理论认为，极限运动是对我们过去日益安全的生活方式的一种反应，在过去，仅仅是生存和找到足够的食物就是一项日常挑战，但现在在大多数发达国家，情况已不再如此。)”可知，此空应说明生活变安全后，一些人产生的需求。B选项“As a result, some people feel the need to experience the thrill of risk-taking. (因此，一些人觉得有必要体验冒险带来的刺激。)”中的“As a result”承接前文生活方式的变化，符合语境。故选B项。 【37题详解】 根据空前的“Another theory argues that extreme sports attract adrenaline junkies (爱冒险的人). (另一种理论认为，极限运动吸引着爱冒险的人。)”以及空后的“Adrenaline is a chemical released in the body as a response to stress and danger, but for some people, the feeling gives a heightened sense of being alive, a feeling they want to experience again and again. (肾上腺素是身体在应对压力和危险时释放的一种化学物质，但对一些人来说，这种感觉能增强活着的感觉，一种他们想反复体验的感觉。)”可知，此空应解释爱冒险的人参与极限运动的原因。E选项“These are people who do them for the danger, because they feel a “high” when they participate. (这些人是为了危险而做这些事，因为他们参与时会感到兴奋。)”中的“These”指代前文的“adrenaline junkies”，且与空后对肾上腺素作用的描述相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 【38题详解】 根据空后的“Having interviewed many extreme sports men and women, he doesn’t believe they are thrill-seekers who risk their lives for an adrenaline high, or people who find modern life too safe so feel the need to take risks. In contrast, his research shows that for participants risk-taking doesn’t come into it at all. (在采访了许多极限运动爱好者后，他认为这些人并不是为了追求肾上腺素飙升而冒生命危险的刺激寻求者，也不是那些觉得现代生活太安全而需要冒险的人。相反，他的研究表明，对于参与者来说，冒险根本不是关键。)”可知，此空应引出一位心理学家的观点，且该观点与前文提到的两种理论不同。C选项“However, for psychologist Eric Brymer, neither of these theories is accurate. (然而，心理学家埃里克·布赖默认为，这两种理论都不准确。)”中的“neither of these theories”指代前文提到的两种理论，“psychologist Eric Brymer”与空后“he”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 【39题详解】 根据空前的“They understand the environment, task and their own level of skill and ability — emotional, physical and psychological — so well that for them the focus is on controlling all these things and developing as individuals. (他们非常了解环境、任务以及自己的技能和能力水平——情感、身体和心理方面——因此对他们来说，重点在于控制所有这些因素并实现个人成长。)”以及空后的“They are expressing a wish for life, not a foolish death wish—something they cannot do in their normal work roles. (他们表达的是对生活的渴望，而不是愚蠢的求死愿望——这是他们在正常工作中无法做到的。)”可知，此空应说明极限运动对参与者的意义。D选项“Extreme sports are their way of enjoying life to the full and being the best they can be. (极限运动是他们充分享受生活、做到最好的方式。)”承接前文参与者关注个人成长的内容，且与空后对生活渴望的表述相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分) The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was: "Things are working out for your own good. Just give them some time." Those words just stirred a lot of anger in me. Then I read the story of the Chinese bamboo farmer, which gave me a different view on life. The seed of the Chinese bamboo is planted in the ground like every seed. It is watered, and fed with nutrients daily, but it shows no immediate physical response and doesn't appear to grow. The farmer continues to water and feed the seed in year one, year two, and year three. No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. The Chinese bamboo grows to its full capacity within 5 years. Despite not seeing an immediate result, the farmer had trust in what he was doing. He continued to water and feed the plant for four years, because he believed that if he played his own role and did all that a farmer was supposed to do, then he would be given his reward at the right time. That trust and patience is what kept the farmer persistently feeding his seed for four years before enjoying the reward in the end. Life is not always straightforward. Most often, it's not a matter of 5+5 =10 (Sum 1). Life can be more like 2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1 + 1=10 (Sum 2). Both sums lead to the same result, but through quite different paths and processes. To be mature is to accept that things might look rough right now but the story can still have a great ending. We might live in a microwave generation where everything seems to happen instantly; but many things still obey the laws of nature. Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. 40. What happened to the author in the final year of college? 41. How does the Chinese bamboo grow in the fourth year? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. 43. Which is your life more like, Sum 1 or Sum 2? Explain why. (about 40 words) 【答案】40. The author's government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn. 41. The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks. 42. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing. 43. Sum 2. My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I got an A in the final exam in senior 3. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。在大学最后一年作者的政府奖学金被取消了，这让他很生气，但是在读了一篇中国竹农的故事后，作者明白了生活并不是一帆风顺的，通常情况下，做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was(当我的政府奖学金在大学最后一年被取消时，我最不想听到的就是)”可知，在大学最后一年作者的政府奖学金被取消了。故答案为The author's government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句“No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. (直到第四年，种子终于破土而出时，才开始生长。然后，仅仅5个星期，它就长到了90英尺高)”可知，在第四年种子最终破土而出，竹子在5个星期后长到了90英尺高。故答案为The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks.。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. (做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻)”可知，并不是只要耐心地等待就好了，还要做你应该做的事，耐心等待，相信事情会解决的。所以“simply wait patiently for the great ending to come”处错误，答案为(1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing. 【43题详解】 考查开放性回答。根据最后一段最后一句“Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. (做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻)”可知，生活不是一蹴而就，而是通过一点一点的努力，耐心的等待和坚定的信念来达到目标，所以答案最好是回答你的生活像Sum 2一样，并按照最后一段最后一句来解释原因，可以通过举出生活中的具体例子来体现。故答案为Sum 2. My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I got an A in the final exam in senior 3. 第二节(20分) 44. 你的英国朋友Jim所在的国际学校下周五组织学生在北京旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“中轴线徒步”或者“798艺术区游览”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1.你建议的线路； 2.你的理由； 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：北京中轴线 Beijing Central Axis 798艺术区 798 ArtDist Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m so excited to hear about your school trip to Beijing! I highly recommend choosing the “Beijing Central Axis” walking tour. This route offers a wonderful journey through China’s rich history and traditional architecture, stretching from the Bell Tower all the way to Tiananmen Square. Walking along the axis, you’ll experience the grandeur of ancient Chinese urban planning and culture firsthand. While 798 ArtDist is modern and creative, the Central Axis better showcases Beijing’s identity as a historic capital. It’s both educational and inspiring — perfect for international students. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Jim回信，针对其学校北京旅行的两条线路“中轴线徒步”或“798艺术区游览”给出建议，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 丰富的：rich→abundant 宏伟：grandeur→magnificence 展示：showcase→display 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This route offers a wonderful journey through China’s rich history and traditional architecture, stretching from the Bell Tower all the way to Tiananmen Square. 拓展句：This route, which stretches from the Bell Tower all the way to Tiananmen Square, offers a wonderful journey through China’s rich history and traditional architecture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Walking along the axis, you’ll experience the grandeur of ancient Chinese urban planning and culture firsthand.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】While 798 ArtDist is modern and creative, the Central Axis better showcases Beijing’s identity as a historic capital.（运用while引导的让步状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $