专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） National Geographic has been publishing the best maps for over a century. It also provides global travelers with the perfect combination of detail and view in a highly functional travel tool. Explore the map titles below and get the maps you need for the trip of a lifetime. 3302: Iceland Map $9.95 In addition to a clearly marked road network with distances and destinations for major roads, the expertly researched map delivers plenty of content not found in traditional road maps. An exact index (罗列) will help you arrive at your destination quickly. The perfect mapping of remote roads will help you explore safely after field testing by our professional team. 3117: Alaska Map $14.95 Alaska is such a vast land that it is beyond imagination. It’s known for its dramatic, diverse geographic features of wide-open spaces, mountains, and forests, with a wealth of wildlife and many small towns. Alaska’s most famous hotspots, like Denali, Anchorage, the Inside Passage. Klondike Cold Rush National Historical Park, and many others, are clearly marked on the map. 3324: Croatia Map $12.49 Called “the treasure of the Adriatie Sea”, Croatia’s medieval (中世纪的) cities and greenish-blue seas make this small Mediterranean country big on adventure. Start your adventure at the waterfalls of Plitvice Lakes, Visit the two most beautiful rivers in Europe, the Zrmanja and Krupa, or take your little boat to the Elafiti islands in the Adriatic Sea. 3205: Kenya Map $ 14.95 Scenic routes, four-wheel-drive tracks, and other tracks are shown for those seeking to explore remote regions. National parks and World Heritage sites are clearly indicated so travelers can explore Kenya’s natural and historical attractions. One of the best parts of the map is traveling aids such as the locations of airports, railways, petrol stations, park entrances, and border crossings, taking the guesswork out of travel around the country. 1．What makes Iceland Map different from the traditional ones? A．Classical travel route design. B．The locals’ practical travel advice. C．Reliable guidance on remote roads. D．Timely updated popular attractions. 2．Which map best suits people enjoying water scenery? A．Iceland Map. B．Alaska Map. C．Croatia Map. D．Kenya Map. 3．What’s the best thing about Kenya Map? A．Attractive scenic routes. B．Special road trip routes. C．Vivid landscape description. D．Convenient traveling aids. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东德州·期中） Are you a logical thinker, or would you say that you’re more free-spirited and artistic? If you’re the former, somebody’s probably told you at some point that you’re a left-brained person, and if you’re the latter, right-brained. The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant (主导的) is widespread in popular psychology. The idea that there are right-brained and left-brained people is a myth. Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, there’s no reason to believe these differences can be explained by the dominance of one half of the brain over the other half. Recent research using brain imaging technology hasn’t found any evidence of right or left dominance. Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a profoundly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained person or a left-brained person? If there’s no evidence for the myth of right-brained and left-brained people, why do so many people believe it? Perhaps it just makes intuitive (直觉的) sense that people’s brains would be dominant on one side or the other just as their hands, feet, or eyes are. It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite that allows us to sort ourselves into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual characteristics. When people are offered some descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptions of their own personalities, they tend to accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are positive. The “insights” that it generates are often flattering. After all, who would reject a description of themselves as “artistic and creative” or “rational and analytical”? The myth is popular, in the end, because it gives us a “scientific” way to talk about our favorite subject — ourselves. 1．What does the first paragraph say about brain dominance? A．It’s a recent discovery. B．It’s a uncertain analysis. C．It’s a common belief. D．It’s a contradictory theory. 2．Why does the author mention math in paragraph 2? A．To advocate further study. B．To prove his point on the issue. C．To emphasize its complexity. D．To show his gift as a mathematician. 3．What does the underlined word “flattering” mean in paragraph 3? A．Puzzling. B．Accurate. C．Ridiculous. D．Pleasing. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Science Behind Personality Types B．The Role of Creativity in Mathematics C．The Influence of Brain Dominance on Behavior D．The Myth of Left-Brained and Right-Brained People Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） For the first time, neuroscientists have established a connection between changes in our visual perception (视觉感知) and the rhythm (节奏) of our steps while we’re walking. Researchers studied 45 subjects walking in a virtual environment along a 10-meter path. During each 9-second walk, subjects responded to visual inputs. Eye and head movements, as well as walking information, were tracked. “The study shows that the brain processes vision in a rhythmic manner, rising and falling in response to rhythm with our steps. When swinging from one step to the next, visual perception is good and reactions are fast. During the footfall, however, our vision is not as sharp and reactions are slow. Lead author Dr Davidson said, “We are consciously aware of a smooth stream of vision but this is deceptive. Compare it with a duck swimming on a pond. Beneath the smooth motion on the surface there is a lot of cycling activity.” For the mismatch, the current view is that the brain is a predictive machine that actively predicts what ought to be there and fills in the missing details It is unclear why our brain’s perceptual processes are so closely related to walking. Professor Alais said, “One possible explanation is that vision becomes secondary to movement control while your foot is grounded and the next step is planned. Once you are in the swing stage between footfalls, the brain switches back to prioritizing (优先处理) the sensing of the world, creating an ongoing perceptual rhythm that harmonizes with your step rate.” Dr Davidson said, “An obvious question is whether the connection is more evident in the elderly given difficulty with balance as we age. The findings also raise the exciting possibility that we could develop cheap and easy medical tests using VR headsets, or use this information to develop tests for the early stage of muscular disorders or some mental illnesses, which can be shown in abnormal walking.” He said it could also be applied to further research in sports science to better decision-making and reaction times in athletes. 1．What happens to a walking man according to the study? A．The head moves with the steps. B．The brain works best during the footfall. C．The level of vision experiences changes. D．The eyes’ information processing is limited. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “deceptive” in paragraph 3? A．Effortless. B．Unreliable. C．Inspiring. D．Changeable. 3．What does Professor Alais’s explanation highlight? A．The narrow range of human focus. B．The cooperation among body parts. C．The different tasks of the human senses. D．The adaptive nature of brain processing. 4．Which findings will Dr Davidson agree with? A．They help improve athletes’ recovery. B．They need to be tested on a larger scale. C．They may fail to apply to elderly people. D．They may drive progress in various areas. 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山师大附中·期中） The rise of the robots has raised the possibility of a future where there is simply less work for humans to do. To tired office workers, a world where we all have a bit more leisure time sounds rather nice. Yet what really matters is how work will be distributed (分配) across the workforce. The recent past shows there is no reason to believe it will be evenly (均衡地) spread. The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid-19th century to 32 hours in 2009. But averages hide a lot. While trends among women have been stable, there have been big shifts among men. Males in well-paid full-time employment are now working slightly longer hours on average than two decades ago. Meanwhile, men in full-time employment at the bottom of the wage ladder are working much less. On top of that, the number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased sharply. Twenty years ago, one in 20 men with low hourly wages worked part-time; today it is one in five. Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low-paid. In better-paying jobs, part-time men are still fairly rare. Gender roles within families might tend to be similar too. Low-paid men may be choosing to shoulder more childcare responsibilities so their partners can return to work. Yet it is clear that the distribution of work will matter to people. Britain has both overemployment and underemployment problems: official data show 3.4 million people in Britain want to work more hours while 3.2 million want to work few hours for less pay. The underemployed are likely to be waiters or cleaners. The overemployed are most likely to be doctors or chief executives. This indicates an economy where demand and supply of skills are out of sync. Nobody knows for sure how the next wave of automation will shake up demand for different skills. Perhaps doctors will gain the free time they desire. Others might find themselves in greater demand. It seems likely that in the future — as now — there will be too much work for some, and too little for others. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Humans will rid all tiring work soon. B．Future work time will be distributed evenly. C．The averages may not indicate fewer working hours. D．The average working hours in the UK has increased steadily. 2．What does the analysis by Institute for Fiscal Studies show? A．Low-paid men are to blame for the low employment. B．Part-time men have increased only among the low-paid. C．More well-paid men are choosing to work part-time. D．Part-time men rarely shoulder childcare responsibilities. 3．What do the underlined words “out of sync” mean in paragraph 5? A．Insignificant. B．Unconnected. C．Undoubted. D．Imbalanced. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．More low-paid men work part-time. B．Robots has caused smaller amount of human labor. C．Better workforce training systems will be built worldwide. D．Robots contribute to uneven distribution across the workforce. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·潍坊青州·期中） Not long ago, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (多动症) was thought to affect only school-aged boys — the naughty ones who could not sit still in class and were always getting into trouble. Today the number of ADHD diagnosis (诊断) is rising fast in all age groups. At the moment, ADHD is treated as something you either have or you don’t, which is a binary approach to diagnosis. It has two consequences. The first is that treating everyone as if they are ill fills up health-care systems. The second consequence occurs when ADHD is treated as a disorder that needs fixing. This leads to a terrible waste of human potential. Forcing yourself to fit in with the “normal” is tiring and can cause anxiety and depression. The binary view of ADHD is no longer supported by science. Researchers have realized that there is no such thing as the “ADHD brain”. For most people with ADHD, the symptoms (症状) are mild enough to disappear when their environment plays to their strengths. In Portsmouth, teachers have been trained to evaluate a child’s neurodiversity (神经多样性) characteristics that include speech, energy levels, attention and adaptability. The goal is to find where children need support and where they have strengths, without diagnosing them with anything in particular. Organizing lessons to mix sitting, standing and working in groups is one way to make things easier for pupils with ADHD． Greater understanding of neurodiversity would reduce bullying in schools and help managers grasp that neurodiversity people are often specialists, rather than generalists. They may be bad in large meetings or noisy classrooms, but exceptional at things like multitasking and repetitive activities that require attention to detail. Using their talents wisely means leaving what they cannot do well to others. A culture that respects difference and takes an enlightened view of the rules will help people achieve more and get more out of life. That, rather than more medical appointments, is the best way to help the growing numbers lining up for ADHD diagnosis. 1．What does the author think of “the binary approach”? A．Extreme. B．Effective. C．Rare. D．Advanced. 2．Why does the author mention the practice in Portsmouth? A．To advocate teamwork. B．To stress teachers’ role. C．To prove no “ADHD brain”. D．To introduce a way to assess ADHD． 3．In which condition might people with ADHD perform well? A．Attending a large meeting. B．Helping teachers manage class. C．Having a class in a noisy classroom. D．Taking notes while watching a video. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．People with ADHD should accept themselves. B．ADHD people should get more medical treatment. C．People should stop treating ADHD as a disorder. D．People with ADHD should strictly obey social rules. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东菏泽·期中） Virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) was just an idea in the past but now it is becoming more and more a reality. Researchers have predictions that show virtual reality will make a great difference to our society. In the same way that the smartphone changed our lives, virtual reality may be set to do the same. Virtual reality changes how we view technology. Until now technology has always been something that we have viewed but never been truly immersed in (沉浸其中). Virtual reality has the power to change that. There will come a time when we sit on a VR chair or step inside a VR room, put on a VR device (设备), and enter a totally different world. The technology is largely available already, so with further advances taking place we could be about to enter entirely different worlds. Today the obvious application of virtual reality is gaming but there are many more applications as well. In business, virtual reality could be used to improve communications. Many companies have to pay a lot for sending their team to different places. As worldwide business continues, it is increasingly important for teams in different areas of the world to work together. Although the video meeting solutions have been a success, they are just not as good as the real thing. Virtual reality can offer an experience as good as the real thing without any of the expense of travel. While the virtual reality technology is still being developed we are not far away from a truly immersive experience. Within the next ten years, a solution will be in place, which will be so believable that people will be unable to tell the difference between it and reality. In time the cost will reduce as well, making it possible to have a VR experience in every home and business. 1．Why is the smartphone mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To show the popularity of virtual reality. B．To praise the development of virtual reality. C．To state people’s anxieties in terms of virtual reality. D．To explain the influence of virtual reality on people’s lives. 2．In which way is virtual reality technology different from the traditional technology? A．It reduces the need for the communication. B．It can provide an immersive experience. C．It is applied to gaming and business. D．It is more convenient to operate. 3．What does the underlined word “expense” mean in the third paragraph? A．Tiredness. B．Schedule. C．Stress. D．Cost. 4．What can we expect of the virtual reality technology? A．It will help reduce technology costs B．It will take people away from reality. C．It will be widely used in people’s lives. D．It will take the place of other technologies. 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东德州·期中） Today, trees face a serious threat from human activity. Over the past 300 years, 1.5 billion hectares of forest have been lost, resulting in the loss of biodiversity, desertification, and increased flood risks. Deforestation is also linked to a higher likelihood of disease outbreaks due to increased contact between humans and animals. In his book Treewilding, ecologist Jake Robinson explores how to best protect and restore forests. He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. Robinson advocates for a more informed approach to forest restoration. Regulators must understand the complex connections between trees, people, animals, and even microorganisms. For instance, native people often rely on forests for farming and raising livestock. Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. Robinson highlights several forest restoration projects. The Great Green Wall project aims to grow a line of trees across the Sahara Desert to prevent desert expansion and improve local livelihoods. Another project, Western Australia’s Gondwana Link, seeks to reconnect broken forest areas to protect endangered species. These projects emphasize the importance of understanding local ecosystems and investing in the long-term care of young trees. Robinson concludes that natural regeneration — allowing forests to heal themselves — is one of the best methods of restoration. He compares it to a phoenix (凤凰) rising from its ashes, pointing out that a forest can regenerate from its own leftovers. His descriptions and thought-provoking questions add depth to his narrative. He explores how to understand the environment’s fundamental state and examines how animals contribute to forest regeneration. His balanced perspective encourages researchers to develop more effective methods for forest restoration. 1．What does Robinson argue in his book Treewilding? A．Planting trees can pose risks to ecosystems. B．Deforestation has led to a complete biodiversity loss. C．Forests can only be restored via human intervention. D．Planting more trees is the best way to fight deforestation. 2．What does monoculture refer to based on the text? A．A natural process of forest growth. B．A method for restoring ecosystems. C．A practice that enhances forest health. D．A phenomenon harmful to biodiversity. 3．Why does Robinson emphasize the role of communities in tree-planting projects? A．To ensure the projects are cost-effective. B．To make tree-planting projects more digital. C．To protect communities from unjust displacement. D．To encourage modern technology in restoration efforts. 4．Which is the best approach for forest restoration according to Robinson? A．Planting diverse species of trees. B．Encouraging natural regeneration. C．Promoting extensive artificial planting. D．Helping animals tackle forest’s leftovers. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·济宁曲阜·期中） The tomato leafminer moth (飞蛾) originates from Peru and is common throughout South America. However, it has spread through Europe since 2007 and has become one of the largest pests in Mediterranean regions, threatening food supplies. Experts around the world are currently struggling with new ways to battle the moth, but it has developed resistance to pesticides (杀虫剂), leaving farmers helpless to stop the damage. A new study from the University of Portsmouth has shown that the answer may lie in the tropical tent web spider. Scientists carried out laboratory tests and found that the spiders banded together to form webs that easily caught the flying insects, which they then ate. Dr Lena Grinsted, the lead author of the study, said, “The tropical tent web spiders operate in large groups and can create giant joined-up webs capable of catching insects in the air. This could potentially lead to a reduction of reliance on chemical pesticides, resulting in less pollution in soils, waterways and food chains in the future.” Crop damage is also caused by the larvae (幼虫), which directly attack the tomato fruit, making the crop ugly and thus unmarketable. Larvae live inside the leaf until they begin the process of turning into a moth, making them difficult to control. However, scientists expect that targeting the adult moth population will reduce the number of eggs being laid. In addition, the spiders build the biggest webs during the summer, which can benefit the tomato planting and growing season in May and June. The researchers said the study would “open doors for the use of group-living spiders to control agricultural pests” but warned that more work was needed to check the spiders did not change the ecology of regions. Dr Grinsted added, “Future studies are needed to investigate whether the spiders may negatively impact crop pollination (授粉) by also catching bees and other key pollinators.” 1．Why is it difficult to get rid of the moth according to paragraph 1? A．It is large in size. B．It is drug-resistant. C．It spreads too quickly. D．It threatens food supplies. 2．What did the study find about the tropical tent web spider? A．It can catch and eat flying insects in large groups. B．It can create giant webs that are impossible to break. C．It can reduce soil, waterway, and food chain pollution. D．It can control the number of eggs laid by the moth. 3．What does Dr. Grinsted suggest for future research on the tropical tent web spider? A．Investigating its impact on crop pollination. B．Finding more ways to use it to control pests. C．Studying its behavior in different seasons. D．Checking its ability to catch flying insects. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Moths: The Biggest Threat to Crops B．Spiders: The Insect-Catching Lovers C．Moths: A Headache for Modern Agriculture D．Spiders: An Eco-friendly Alternative to Drugs Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） Insects cause billions of dollars of damage to crops every year, driving farmers to apply pesticides on an industrial scale, at huge expense and often with unwelcome ecological side effects. They take this, carpet-bombing approach because they lack information about where and when it is best to hit pests, and nobody wants to use too little pesticide and thus risk losing crops. Technologists at FarmSense, a firm in Riverside, California, hope to change that. The established approach to detecting insect pests, moths in particular, is to employ pheromone-baited (以外激索为诱饵的) sticky traps. Pheromones are chemicals which animals use to communicate — and especially to attract members of the opposite sex. An appropriately baited sticky trap gives a fair idea of the number and type of pests around, but not with sufficient detail for the accurate application of pest control measures. FarmSense’s researchers believe they can do better. The company’s device, FlightSensor, has been in full-scale tests on farms since 2020 and is about to be made generally available. It does, not trap insects. Rather, it detects them with a laser as they fly by. The developers’ finding was that the shadows of passing wings produce the same signal as the sound of the wing beats recorded by a microphone. For the first group of targets the results are impressive. Navel orangeworm moths, in particular, are a common pest of almond and pistachio trees both important to Californian agriculture. FlightSensor can identify them accurately mare than 99% of the time. And the device is still improving its capability, and adding new species as it gets more data. Sometimes it can distinguish insects which, to a human eye, look identical. Farmsense’s approach work, better than microphones for recording, wing beats because the insects under investigation are quiet and the sound they send out is thus easily lost in background noise. They are easily detectable by laser, though. And while sticky traps are at least a solution for large moths, the FarmSense sensor picks up extremely small moths. From farm to lab, then, identifying insects with FlightSensot may soon be all the rage on farms. 1．What is the problem with the carpet bombing approach? A．It has very little effect. B．It takes too much time. C．It’s weather dependent. D．It’s costly and damaging. 2．How does FlightSensor work? A．It uses light for insect analysis. B．It detects chemicals from insects. C．It works by recording wing beats. D．It traps insects by giving out sound. 3．What can we say about navel orangeworm moths? A．They are hardly under control at present. B．They are a threat to Californian agriculture. C．They are clever enough to avoid FlightSensor. D．They are a new species discovered in California. 4．What does the underlined part “all the rage” in the last paragraph mean? A．Well protected. B．Quickly removed. C．Widely adopted. D．Closely checked. 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东菏泽·期中） Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn’t reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 1．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A．It is good. B．It is simple. C．It is popular. D．It is creative. 2．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Care. B．Hope. C．Humor. D．Silence. 3．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By spending more time with their teens. B．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D．By expressing agreement on what whatever ever their teens say. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Education. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东日照·期中） In the field of Chinese outdoor sports, the traditional dividing factors like gender and age have lost their significance. The charm of the outdoor experience goes beyond these boundaries and attracts people from all walks of life. Whether they are young urban professionals or retirees, more and more people are getting out of the city and into nature. Chen Yu, a tech enthusiast who leads outdoor sports groups, enjoys activities like hiking and trail running. Lao Yan, a 68-year-old cycling enthusiast, has tried water sports like windsurfing. Meanwhile, Yue Ying, a mother and finance professional, has found relief in nature with her family. With significant growth in social media engagement, outdoor activities are becoming a part of the everyday lives of more people. Hiking, cycling, camping, fishing, surfing, skiing and other outdoor activities have become the new way of life for many people. Chen, who used to be afraid of outdoor sports, now values outdoor sports because they can relax the body and mind. He says, “The moment you step out of your door, you become a part of the outdoor culture community.” Chinese women are also increasingly engaging in outdoor sports, challenging traditional norms (规范). Families, making up 38.3% of outdoor sports participants, use outdoor activities as a new parenting approach. Yue says, “When you’re on a mountain without cellphone signals, you can put work matters aside, disconnect from the real world and just focus on the road ahead.” During outdoor activities, she seldom takes out her phone but rather engages in playing with her children. The appeal of outdoor sports is to get away from urban disorders, helping the development of physical and mental health. As more individuals seek relief in nature, the outdoor culture community continues to grow, bridging various social groups. 1．Why does the author mention the three persons in paragraph 2? A．To highlight their love for nature. B．To illustrate various outdoor activities. C．To stress the importance of outdoor sports. D．To evidence the popularity of outdoor sports. 2．What do we know about Chen Yu? A．He recognizes the benefits of outdoor sports. B．He coaches outdoor sports groups. C．He promotes sports through social media. D．He is an expert at outdoor sports. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Yue prefers to stay indoors with her phone. B．Outdoor sports better family bonding and engagement. C．Traditional norms discourage women from outdoor sports. D．Families make up the majority of outdoor sports participants. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The charm of outdoor sports B．The origin of outdoor sports C．The development of outdoor sports D．The significance of outdoor sports Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东名校联盟·期中） Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis (光合作用) and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcelis, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high­-then-­low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcelis indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the single-­plant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcelis. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1．What is a disadvantage of vertical farming? A．Cost­-effective. B．Labor-­intensive. C．Energy­-consuming. D．Technically-challenging. 2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 3．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They output more under dynamic lighting. D．They react similarly to varying light patterns. 4．What may Marcelis agree with? A．There are still some limitations in the research. B．The new program helps save on electricity bills. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东菏泽·期中） Do you have that one piece of technology that changes your life for the better? The technology that helped change my life is the camera. Photography is using photos to create art to make something beautiful to create a story. The camera was used to capture moments in history. When it was first invented in the 1800s, Joseph Nic éphore Ni é pce was the first person to take photos to capture the world’s beauty. The camera shows a different view of the world to me by showing the true colors of when and how there will always be the good and bad in the world. It is important to me, because it helps bring back the history of the past. Next thing is that back then the camera helped show art by using photos to create feelings of nostalgia (怀旧) and purpose. If we had no photography then there would be less knowledge about the history of the past. When I was a young girl, my family would take pictures to record the memories whether they were the good or bad. In our family, valuable photos are considered a treasure passed down from one generation to the next. My strong love for photography was from my uncle who was a photographer and I loved looking at his pictures. Later, I take pictures to show a meaning through the photos to follow in his footsteps. We are on a timeline, and photos can help freeze moments on the timeline. Today people are using photos to create a timeline for their future by putting them in a photo album(相册) or posting them on social media, which can help them remember what happened in the past. 1．How did the camera influence the author? A．She developed strong interest in technology. B．She began to express her feelings to others. C．She learned something about the past. D．She passed different views to others. 2．What made the author become interested in taking pictures? A．Her uncle’s influence. B．Her wish to remember good memories C．Her interest in creating art. D．Her dream of becoming a photography 3．Why do people post photos online according to the text? A．To share their daily lives. B．To record moments in life. C．To plan for the future. D．To make photo albums. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．How the camera changed my life B．What I have learned from my uncle C．What pictures can bring to people D．How photography influences history 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山师大附中·期中） As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater. UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into lively green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. Rooftop Green is designed to be adaptable, serving small households as well as large commercial buildings. By developing otherwise unused rooftop space, it provides a practical solution to the problem of urban food deserts. The system is remarkably easy to maintain and promises a constant supply of organic vegetables and herbs. The technology behind Rooftop Green includes smart sensors and an automatic watering system. The latter improves plant growth with minimal water use. Connected to a mobile app, the sensors give users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times. The app ensures that even green-hand gardeners can successfully plant their crops with confidence. By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated with food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity. Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for responsible citizens. UrbanSprout employees integrate the company’s eco-friendly values in their daily routines. They actively participate in community gardening and conservation projects, promoting sustainability within and beyond the workplace. “Our goal is to develop a culture that values green living,” explained an UrbanSprout representative. Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation. It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living. For those looking to make a positive environmental impact, it offers an accessible and impactful way to engage with sustainability. 1．What is the main purpose of Rooftop Green? A．To generate profits through commercial farming. B．To provide fresh produce by rooftop gardening. C．To conduct scientific research on plant growth. D．To provide decorations for urban buildings. 2．What’s the function of smart sensors? A．Decreasing the need for watering. B．Speeding up the growth of plants. C．Observing the gardening process. D．Building confidence of beginners. 3．What does Rooftop Green advocate? A．The change of workplace culture. B．A green and long-lasting city life. C．The total reliance on technologies. D．A trend towards independent living. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Role of Technology in Urban Gardening B．Enhancing Urban Biodiversity with Sensors C．Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts D．Innovations in Agricultural Technology Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·潍坊青州·期中） Common house cats possess the ability to associate human words with images without instructions, a new research conducted by animal scientists at Azabu University in Japan has revealed. This discovery, published in the journal Scientific Reports, throws new light on cats’ cognitive abilities and their potential for understanding human language. The team designed an experiment to test cats’ ability to form picture-word associations. The study involved 31 adult house cats and applied a methodology similar to those used in baby language development research. In the experiment, cats were shown short videos paired with nonsensical words (“keraru” and “parumo”).These videos were played repeatedly until the cats looked away. After a break, the same videos were shown, but with the spoken words disordered. The results were striking: cats demonstrated longer viewing duration and pupil (瞳孔) expansion when the word-image pairings were switched, indicating puzzlement and a search for explanation. This behavior suggests that the cats had formed associations between the spoken words and the images they saw, even without any training. “It is noteworthy that cats made the picture-word relation after only brief exposure,” the researchers said. “Most cats habituated to the stimulus (刺激物) pairing after four trials, which means they received only nine-second exposures in two trials for each picture-word pair.” By comparison, trials involving human babies used at least four 20-second trials for a picture-word pair. It’s not clear why cats are able to form these associations so quickly and more work is needed to examine the question from both biological and developmental perspectives. The impacts of domestication on cats need to be investigated too, the researchers said. This is particularly crucial, as the research also indicated that cats might find it easier to form associations between objects and human speech rather than electronic sounds. 1．What is the new discovery about house cats? A．They can be trained to please human. B．They can read human’s facial expressions. C．They can link words to images without tips. D．They can understand complex human language. 2．What was cats’ reaction to the disordered words? A．Confused. B．Fascinated. C．Calm. D．Indifferent. 3．How does the cats’ learning process compare to that of human babies? A．The processes are similar in speed. B．Cats learn faster than human babies. C．Cats take longer to form associations. D．Human babies learn with shorter exposure. 4．What could be the key focus for future study? A．The biological development of cats. B．The effects of domestication on cats. C．The cat’s talent for identifying objects. D．The cats’ preference for electronic sounds. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·济宁曲阜·期中） Schmidt’s interest in pain started quite unexpectedly when he was studying for his Ph. D．at the University of Georgia. As a chemist, he was eager to find exciting projects related to insects in the field of chemistry. One day, a harvester ant stung him, leading him on a path to discover the science behind venom (毒液) and pain. To understand more, Schmidt collected venom from hundreds of ants and compared it with venom from other ants. He tested many different types of ants, allowing them to sting him, and then rated his pain on a scale of one to four. Over the course of 35 years, he was stung by 150 different species of insects. In 1983, he created the Schmidt Index, which ranks the pain of stings from 78 insects on a scale from one (mild) to four (severe). The honey bee was given a rating of two because most people could relate to the feeling of a bee sting. “The good news is that there aren’t many insects with a rating of four,” said Schmidt. “Out of the 80 or so insects I’ve studied, only three have a four rating.” Schmidt’s list was not just for fun; it was a tool to help understand why some insects need to cause pain. Solitary (独居的) insects, which live alone, tend to have a less painful sting than those that live in complex colonies. Many insects sting to protect their colonies, which may include helpless eggs, young insects, and workers. Since solitary insects have little to defend, their stings are usually less painful. From this, Schmidt believed that stings helped insects get more food, which in turn helped them build social structures. For Schmidt, pain is a valuable guide. “Pain is an amazing feeling,” he said. “I see it as the body’s way of keeping us safe.” It warns us that something might be wrong or that damage is happening or could happen. But pain itself is not damage; it’s just a warning. “If all the insects on Earth disappeared, life would soon become impossible,” Schmidt added. 1．What can we learn about Schmidt from the first paragraph? A．He was fascinated by bees since he was little. B．He finally became a chemist after doing his research. C．He found his project by coincidence. D．His childhood experience set him off on his academic research. 2．Why does the writer mention honey bee in paragraph 2? A．To give an example of his scale. B．To explore why causing pain is more necessary. C．To rate his severe pain. D．To tell us what a bee sting feels like. 3．What do you know about sting according to Schmidt’s research? A．Solitary insect stings are severer. B．Most insects can cause severe pain. C．Insects sting because they have to protect a colony. D．Stings are necessary for insects to survive and develop. 4．Why is pain amazing according to Schmidt? A．People like to feel pain sometimes. B．Pain warns us of potential danger. C．Severe pain is a great way of keeping people out of trouble. D．Pain causes damage. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） National Geographic has been publishing the best maps for over a century. It also provides global travelers with the perfect combination of detail and view in a highly functional travel tool. Explore the map titles below and get the maps you need for the trip of a lifetime.3302: Iceland Map $9.95 In addition to a clearly marked road network with distances and destinations for major roads, the expertly researched map delivers plenty of content not found in traditional road maps. An exact index (罗列) will help you arrive at your destination quickly. The perfect mapping of remote roads will help you explore safely after field testing by our professional team.3117: Alaska Map $14.95 Alaska is such a vast land that it is beyond imagination. It’s known for its dramatic, diverse geographic features of wide-open spaces, mountains, and forests, with a wealth of wildlife and many small towns. Alaska’s most famous hotspots, like Denali, Anchorage, the Inside Passage. Klondike Cold Rush National Historical Park, and many others, are clearly marked on the map.3324: Croatia Map $12.49 Called “the treasure of the Adriatie Sea”, Croatia’s medieval (中世纪的) cities and greenish-blue seas make this small Mediterranean country big on adventure. Start your adventure at the waterfalls of Plitvice Lakes, Visit the two most beautiful rivers in Europe, the Zrmanja and Krupa, or take your little boat to the Elafiti islands in the Adriatic Sea.3205: Kenya Map $ 14.95 Scenic routes, four-wheel-drive tracks, and other tracks are shown for those seeking to explore remote regions. National parks and World Heritage sites are clearly indicated so travelers can explore Kenya’s natural and historical attractions. One of the best parts of the map is traveling aids such as the locations of airports, railways, petrol stations, park entrances, and border crossings, taking the guesswork out of travel around the country. 1．What makes Iceland Map different from the traditional ones? A．Classical travel route design. B．The locals’ practical travel advice. C．Reliable guidance on remote roads. D．Timely updated popular attractions. 2．Which map best suits people enjoying water scenery? A．Iceland Map. B．Alaska Map. C．Croatia Map. D．Kenya Map. 3．What’s the best thing about Kenya Map? A．Attractive scenic routes. B．Special road trip routes. C．Vivid landscape description. D．Convenient traveling aids. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家地理出版社出版的四款地图，分别针对冰岛、阿拉斯加、克罗地亚和肯尼亚这四个旅游目的地，提供了详细的地理信息、旅游景点标注和旅游辅助功能等，旨在帮助旅行者更好地规划和享受旅行。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“The perfect mapping of remote roads will help you explore safely after field testing by our professional team.(经过我们专业团队的实地测试后，对偏远道路的完美测绘将帮助您安全探索)”可知，冰岛地图与传统地图的不同之处在于它为偏远道路提供了可靠的指引。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段对克罗地亚地图的介绍“Called “the treasure of the Adriatie Sea”, Croatia’s medieval (中世纪的) cities and greenish-blue seas make this small Mediterranean country big on adventure.(克罗地亚被称为“亚德里亚海的宝藏”，它的中世纪城市和蓝绿色的海洋让这个地中海小国充满了冒险精神)”以及“Start your adventure at the waterfalls of Plitvice Lakes, Visit the two most beautiful rivers in Europe, the Zrmanja and Krupa, or take your little boat to the Elafiti islands in the Adriatic Sea.(从普利特维采湖群的水瀑开始你的冒险之旅，参观欧洲两条最美丽的河流——兹马尼亚河和克鲁帕河，或者乘着小船去亚德里亚海的埃拉菲蒂群岛)”可知，克罗地亚地图最适合喜欢水景的人。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段最后一句“One of the best parts of the map is traveling aids such as the locations of airports, railways, petrol stations, park entrances, and border crossings, taking the guesswork out of travel around the country.(地图最好的部分之一是旅行辅助工具，如机场、铁路、加油站、公园入口和边境口岸的位置，让你无需猜测就能在该国各地旅行)”可知，肯尼亚地图最好的部分是它提供了方便的旅行辅助工具。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东德州·期中） Are you a logical thinker, or would you say that you’re more free-spirited and artistic? If you’re the former, somebody’s probably told you at some point that you’re a left-brained person, and if you’re the latter, right-brained. The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant (主导的) is widespread in popular psychology. The idea that there are right-brained and left-brained people is a myth. Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, there’s no reason to believe these differences can be explained by the dominance of one half of the brain over the other half. Recent research using brain imaging technology hasn’t found any evidence of right or left dominance. Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a profoundly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained person or a left-brained person? If there’s no evidence for the myth of right-brained and left-brained people, why do so many people believe it? Perhaps it just makes intuitive (直觉的) sense that people’s brains would be dominant on one side or the other just as their hands, feet, or eyes are. It may also have something to do with our seemingly unlimited appetite that allows us to sort ourselves into “types” based on our emotional and intellectual characteristics. When people are offered some descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptions of their own personalities, they tend to accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are positive. The “insights” that it generates are often flattering. After all, who would reject a description of themselves as “artistic and creative” or “rational and analytical”? The myth is popular, in the end, because it gives us a “scientific” way to talk about our favorite subject — ourselves. 1．What does the first paragraph say about brain dominance? A．It’s a recent discovery. B．It’s a uncertain analysis. C．It’s a common belief. D．It’s a contradictory theory. 2．Why does the author mention math in paragraph 2? A．To advocate further study. B．To prove his point on the issue. C．To emphasize its complexity. D．To show his gift as a mathematician. 3．What does the underlined word “flattering” mean in paragraph 3? A．Puzzling. B．Accurate. C．Ridiculous. D．Pleasing. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Science Behind Personality Types B．The Role of Creativity in Mathematics C．The Influence of Brain Dominance on Behavior D．The Myth of Left-Brained and Right-Brained People 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于左右脑对于人的支配表达了自己的看法，作者认为虽然我们显然都有不同的性格和天赋，但没有理由相信这些差异可以用大脑的一半比另一半占主导地位来解释。这个神话之所以流行，是因为它给了我们一种“科学”的方式来谈论我们最喜欢的话题——我们自己。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ The idea that the right half of the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical half and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is dominant (主导的) is widespread in popular psychology.(大脑的右半部分是创造性的，左半部分是分析性的，我们的个人特征是由哪一半占主导地位决定的，这种观点在大众心理学中很普遍)”可知，第一段主要说明了大脑支配是一个普遍的信念。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, there’s no reason to believe these differences can be explained by the dominance of one half of the brain over the other half. Recent research using brain imaging technology hasn’t found any evidence of right or left dominance. Math, for example, requires logical thought and, thus, is generally said to be connected with the left brain. But mathematics involves a profoundly creative effort in addition to being a logical one. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained person or a left-brained person?(虽然我们显然都有不同的性格和天赋，但没有理由相信这些差异可以用大脑的一半比另一半占主导地位来解释。最近使用脑成像技术的研究没有发现任何右脑或左脑占优势的证据。例如，数学需要逻辑思维，因此通常被认为与左脑有关。但数学除了逻辑之外，还涉及深刻的创造性努力。那么，天才数学家是右脑人还是左脑人呢？)”可知，作者在第二段提到数学是为了证明他在这个问题上的观点——我们的差异不能用大脑的一半比另一半占主导地位来解释。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When people are offered some descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptions of their own personalities, they tend to accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are positive.(当人们被提供一些描述他们个性的描述性陈述时，他们倾向于认为这些陈述是有意义的和真实的，尤其是如果这些陈述是积极的)”以及后文“After all, who would reject a description of themselves as “artistic and creative” or “rational and analytical”?(毕竟，谁会拒绝把自己描述为“艺术和创造性”或“理性和分析”呢)”可知，当这些陈述是积极的，人们倾向于认为这些陈述是有意义的和真实的，所以由此产生的“洞悉”是令人高兴的。故划线词意思是“令人高兴的”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“The idea that there are right-brained and left-brained people is a myth.(右脑人和左脑人之分的想法是一个神话)”可知，文章主要说明了作者对于左右脑对于人的支配表达了自己的看法，作者认为虽然我们显然都有不同的性格和天赋，但没有理由相信这些差异可以用大脑的一半比另一半占主导地位来解释。这个神话之所以流行，是因为它给了我们一种“科学”的方式来谈论我们最喜欢的话题——我们自己。由此可知，D选项“左脑和右脑人的秘密”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） For the first time, neuroscientists have established a connection between changes in our visual perception (视觉感知) and the rhythm (节奏) of our steps while we’re walking. Researchers studied 45 subjects walking in a virtual environment along a 10-meter path. During each 9-second walk, subjects responded to visual inputs. Eye and head movements, as well as walking information, were tracked. “The study shows that the brain processes vision in a rhythmic manner, rising and falling in response to rhythm with our steps. When swinging from one step to the next, visual perception is good and reactions are fast. During the footfall, however, our vision is not as sharp and reactions are slow. Lead author Dr Davidson said, “We are consciously aware of a smooth stream of vision but this is deceptive. Compare it with a duck swimming on a pond. Beneath the smooth motion on the surface there is a lot of cycling activity.” For the mismatch, the current view is that the brain is a predictive machine that actively predicts what ought to be there and fills in the missing details It is unclear why our brain’s perceptual processes are so closely related to walking. Professor Alais said, “One possible explanation is that vision becomes secondary to movement control while your foot is grounded and the next step is planned. Once you are in the swing stage between footfalls, the brain switches back to prioritizing (优先处理) the sensing of the world, creating an ongoing perceptual rhythm that harmonizes with your step rate.” Dr Davidson said, “An obvious question is whether the connection is more evident in the elderly given difficulty with balance as we age. The findings also raise the exciting possibility that we could develop cheap and easy medical tests using VR headsets, or use this information to develop tests for the early stage of muscular disorders or some mental illnesses, which can be shown in abnormal walking.” He said it could also be applied to further research in sports science to better decision-making and reaction times in athletes. 1．What happens to a walking man according to the study? A．The head moves with the steps. B．The brain works best during the footfall. C．The level of vision experiences changes. D．The eyes’ information processing is limited. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “deceptive” in paragraph 3? A．Effortless. B．Unreliable. C．Inspiring. D．Changeable. 3．What does Professor Alais’s explanation highlight? A．The narrow range of human focus. B．The cooperation among body parts. C．The different tasks of the human senses. D．The adaptive nature of brain processing. 4．Which findings will Dr Davidson agree with? A．They help improve athletes’ recovery. B．They need to be tested on a larger scale. C．They may fail to apply to elderly people. D．They may drive progress in various areas. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了神经科学家首次发现，我们通常的感知变化与我们走路时的步子节奏之间的联系。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For the first time, neuroscientists have established a connection between changes in our visual perception (视觉感知) and the rhythm (节奏) of our steps while we’re walking.( 神经科学家首次在我们走路时的视觉感知变化和步伐节奏之间建立了联系。)”可知，根据这项研究，走路的人视觉水平经历着变化。故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“We are consciously aware of a smooth stream of vision…(我们有意识地意识到流畅的视觉流……)”及but以及下文“Compare it with a duck swimming on a pond. Beneath the smooth motion on the surface there is a lot of cycling activity.( 把它比作在池塘里游泳的鸭子。在表面光滑的运动之下，有很多周期性活动。)”由此可知，我们有意识地意识到流畅的视觉流，但这是骗人的。划线单词deceptive为“欺骗性的”意思，和B选项Unreliable“不可靠的”意思一致。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Professor Alais said, “One possible explanation is that vision becomes secondary to movement control while your foot is grounded and the next step is planned. Once you are in the swing stage between footfalls, the brain switches back to prioritizing (优先处理) the sensing of the world, creating an ongoing perceptual rhythm that harmonizes with your step rate.”(艾莱斯教授说：“一种可能的解释是，当你的脚站稳了，下一步就计划好了，视觉变得次于运动控制。一旦你处于脚步之间的摇摆阶段，大脑就会切换回对世界的感知，创造出一种与你的步伐速度相协调的持续感知节奏。”)”可推知，艾莱斯教授的解释强调了大脑处理的自适应特性。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The findings also raise the exciting possibility that we could develop cheap and easy medical tests using VR headsets, or use this information to develop tests for the early stage of muscular disorders or some mental illnesses, which can be shown in abnormal walking.” He said it could also be applied to further research in sports science to better decision-making and reaction times in athletes.( “这些发现还提出了一种令人兴奋的可能性，即我们可以使用VR耳机开发廉价而简单的医学测试，或者利用这些信息开发针对早期肌肉疾病或一些精神疾病的测试，这些疾病可以在异常行走中表现出来。”他说，它还可以应用于体育科学的进一步研究，以提高运动员的决策和反应时间。)”可推知，戴维森博士认为这些发现可能会推动各个领域的进步。故选D项。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山师大附中·期中） The rise of the robots has raised the possibility of a future where there is simply less work for humans to do. To tired office workers, a world where we all have a bit more leisure time sounds rather nice. Yet what really matters is how work will be distributed (分配) across the workforce. The recent past shows there is no reason to believe it will be evenly (均衡地) spread. The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid-19th century to 32 hours in 2009. But averages hide a lot. While trends among women have been stable, there have been big shifts among men. Males in well-paid full-time employment are now working slightly longer hours on average than two decades ago. Meanwhile, men in full-time employment at the bottom of the wage ladder are working much less. On top of that, the number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased sharply. Twenty years ago, one in 20 men with low hourly wages worked part-time; today it is one in five. Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low-paid. In better-paying jobs, part-time men are still fairly rare. Gender roles within families might tend to be similar too. Low-paid men may be choosing to shoulder more childcare responsibilities so their partners can return to work. Yet it is clear that the distribution of work will matter to people. Britain has both overemployment and underemployment problems: official data show 3.4 million people in Britain want to work more hours while 3.2 million want to work few hours for less pay. The underemployed are likely to be waiters or cleaners. The overemployed are most likely to be doctors or chief executives. This indicates an economy where demand and supply of skills are out of sync. Nobody knows for sure how the next wave of automation will shake up demand for different skills. Perhaps doctors will gain the free time they desire. Others might find themselves in greater demand. It seems likely that in the future — as now — there will be too much work for some, and too little for others. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Humans will rid all tiring work soon. B．Future work time will be distributed evenly. C．The averages may not indicate fewer working hours. D．The average working hours in the UK has increased steadily. 2．What does the analysis by Institute for Fiscal Studies show? A．Low-paid men are to blame for the low employment. B．Part-time men have increased only among the low-paid. C．More well-paid men are choosing to work part-time. D．Part-time men rarely shoulder childcare responsibilities. 3．What do the underlined words “out of sync” mean in paragraph 5? A．Insignificant. B．Unconnected. C．Undoubted. D．Imbalanced. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．More low-paid men work part-time. B．Robots has caused smaller amount of human labor. C．Better workforce training systems will be built worldwide. D．Robots contribute to uneven distribution across the workforce. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了机器人技术的发展对人类工作分配的影响，指出未来可能出现的工作不均衡分布现象。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid-19th century to 32 hours in 2009. But averages hide a lot. (在英国，平均每周工作时间从19世纪中期的59小时稳步下降到2009年的32小时。但是平均数隐藏了很多东西)”可知，平均每周工作时间未能真实反映工作时长情况。由此可知，平均值可能并不意味着工作时间减少。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“On top of that, the number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased sharply. Twenty years ago, one in 20 men with low hourly wages worked part-time; today it is one in five. Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low-paid. (最重要的是，从事兼职工作的低收入男性数量急剧增加。20年前，每20个工资较低的男性中就有一个从事兼职工作；如今，这一比例为五分之一。英国财政研究所的分析显示，这种现象只发生在低收入人群中)”可知，该分析表明兼职男性人数增加只出现在低薪人群中。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“Britain has both overemployment and underemployment problems: official data show 3.4 million people in Britain want to work more hours while 3.2 million want to work few hours for less pay. The underemployed are likely to be waiters or cleaners. The overemployed are most likely to be doctors or chief executives. (英国同时存在着就业过度和就业不足的问题：官方数据显示，英国有340万人希望增加工作时间，320万人希望少工作几小时，少拿工资。未充分就业的人很可能是服务员或清洁工。就业过度的人最有可能是医生或首席执行官)”提到英国存在就业过度和就业不足的问题，两大人群对工作时间的期望截然相反。画线词所在句是对上文进行总结，这说明技能的需求和供给是不平衡的，画线词意思应该是“不同步，不平衡”，与D项“Imbalanced (不平衡的)”意思相符。A. Insignificant不重要的；B. Unconnected无关联的；C. Undoubted毫无疑问的。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Yet what really matters is how work will be distributed (分配) across the workforce. (然而，真正重要的是工作将如何在劳动力中分配)”、第二段中“The recent past shows there is no reason to believe it will be evenly (均衡地) spread. (最近的历史表明，没有理由相信它会均匀分布)”和最后一段中“It seems likely that in the future — as now — there will be too much work for some, and too little for others. (很可能在未来——就像现在一样——一些人的工作太多，而另一些人的工作太少)”可知，文章开篇提到机器人兴起引发对未来人类工作及工作分配的思考，接着通过英国工作周时长变化、不同收入男性工作情况、就业过度和不足等现象，说明工作分配不均衡，最后指出未来自动化浪潮下工作分配仍将不均衡。因此，整体围绕机器人导致劳动力工作分配不均衡展开。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·潍坊青州·期中） Not long ago, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (多动症) was thought to affect only school-aged boys — the naughty ones who could not sit still in class and were always getting into trouble. Today the number of ADHD diagnosis (诊断) is rising fast in all age groups. At the moment, ADHD is treated as something you either have or you don’t, which is a binary approach to diagnosis. It has two consequences. The first is that treating everyone as if they are ill fills up health-care systems. The second consequence occurs when ADHD is treated as a disorder that needs fixing. This leads to a terrible waste of human potential. Forcing yourself to fit in with the “normal” is tiring and can cause anxiety and depression. The binary view of ADHD is no longer supported by science. Researchers have realized that there is no such thing as the “ADHD brain”. For most people with ADHD, the symptoms (症状) are mild enough to disappear when their environment plays to their strengths. In Portsmouth, teachers have been trained to evaluate a child’s neurodiversity (神经多样性) characteristics that include speech, energy levels, attention and adaptability. The goal is to find where children need support and where they have strengths, without diagnosing them with anything in particular. Organizing lessons to mix sitting, standing and working in groups is one way to make things easier for pupils with ADHD． Greater understanding of neurodiversity would reduce bullying in schools and help managers grasp that neurodiversity people are often specialists, rather than generalists. They may be bad in large meetings or noisy classrooms, but exceptional at things like multitasking and repetitive activities that require attention to detail. Using their talents wisely means leaving what they cannot do well to others. A culture that respects difference and takes an enlightened view of the rules will help people achieve more and get more out of life. That, rather than more medical appointments, is the best way to help the growing numbers lining up for ADHD diagnosis. 1．What does the author think of “the binary approach”? A．Extreme. B．Effective. C．Rare. D．Advanced. 2．Why does the author mention the practice in Portsmouth? A．To advocate teamwork. B．To stress teachers’ role. C．To prove no “ADHD brain”. D．To introduce a way to assess ADHD． 3．In which condition might people with ADHD perform well? A．Attending a large meeting. B．Helping teachers manage class. C．Having a class in a noisy classroom. D．Taking notes while watching a video. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．People with ADHD should accept themselves. B．ADHD people should get more medical treatment. C．People should stop treating ADHD as a disorder. D．People with ADHD should strictly obey social rules. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了多动症（ADHD）的诊断和治疗方法的变化。过去认为多动症主要影响学龄男童，但现在各年龄段的多动症诊断数量都在快速增长。文章指出，目前对多动症采取的是二元论的诊断方法，但这会导致医疗资源浪费和人才潜力浪费。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“At the moment, ADHD is treated as something you either have or you don’t, which is a binary approach to diagnosis. It has two consequences. The first is that treating everyone as if they are ill fills up health-care systems. The second consequence occurs when ADHD is treated as a disorder that needs fixing. This leads to a terrible waste of human potential. Forcing yourself to fit in with the “normal” is tiring and can cause anxiety and depression.(目前，ADHD被视为要么有要么没有，这是一种二元诊断方法。它有两个后果。首先，把每个人都当作病人来对待，塞满了医疗保健系统。当ADHD被当作一种需要治疗的疾病来治疗时，第二个后果就出现了。这导致了对人类潜能的严重浪费。强迫自己适应“正常”是很累的，还会导致焦虑和抑郁)”可知，作者认为“二元方法”极端。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers have realized that there is no such thing as the “ADHD brain”.(研究人员已经意识到，不存在所谓的“多动症大脑”)”以及第四段“In Portsmouth, teachers have been trained to evaluate a child’s neurodiversity (神经多样性) characteristics that include speech, energy levels, attention and adaptability. The goal is to find where children need support and where they have strengths, without diagnosing them with anything in particular. Organizing lessons to mix sitting, standing and working in groups is one way to make things easier for pupils with ADHD.(在朴茨茅斯，教师们接受了评估儿童神经多样性特征的培训，包括语言、精力水平、注意力和适应能力。目的是发现孩子们哪里需要支持，哪里有优势，而不是诊断他们有什么特别的问题。组织课程，将坐、站和工作组合在一起，是让患有多动症的学生更容易学习的一种方法)”可知，作者提到朴茨茅斯的这种做法是为了证明没有“多动症大脑”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They may be bad in large meetings or noisy classrooms, but exceptional at things like multitasking and repetitive activities that require attention to detail. Using their talents wisely means leaving what they cannot do well to others.(他们可能在大型会议或嘈杂的教室里表现不佳，但在多任务处理和需要注意细节的重复活动方面表现出色。明智地运用他们的才能意味着把他们做不好的事情留给别人)”可知，ADHD患者在边看视频边做笔记下表现良好。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A culture that respects difference and takes an enlightened view of the rules will help people achieve more and get more out of life. That, rather than more medical appointments, is the best way to help the growing numbers lining up for ADHD diagnosis.(一种尊重差异并对规则持开明态度的文化将帮助人们取得更多成就，并从生活中获得更多收获。这，而不是更多的医疗预约，是帮助越来越多的人排队等待ADHD诊断的最好方法)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示了人们应该停止将注意力缺陷多动症视为一种疾病。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东菏泽·期中） Virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) was just an idea in the past but now it is becoming more and more a reality. Researchers have predictions that show virtual reality will make a great difference to our society. In the same way that the smartphone changed our lives, virtual reality may be set to do the same. Virtual reality changes how we view technology. Until now technology has always been something that we have viewed but never been truly immersed in (沉浸其中). Virtual reality has the power to change that. There will come a time when we sit on a VR chair or step inside a VR room, put on a VR device (设备), and enter a totally different world. The technology is largely available already, so with further advances taking place we could be about to enter entirely different worlds. Today the obvious application of virtual reality is gaming but there are many more applications as well. In business, virtual reality could be used to improve communications. Many companies have to pay a lot for sending their team to different places. As worldwide business continues, it is increasingly important for teams in different areas of the world to work together. Although the video meeting solutions have been a success, they are just not as good as the real thing. Virtual reality can offer an experience as good as the real thing without any of the expense of travel. While the virtual reality technology is still being developed we are not far away from a truly immersive experience. Within the next ten years, a solution will be in place, which will be so believable that people will be unable to tell the difference between it and reality. In time the cost will reduce as well, making it possible to have a VR experience in every home and business. 1．Why is the smartphone mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To show the popularity of virtual reality. B．To praise the development of virtual reality. C．To state people’s anxieties in terms of virtual reality. D．To explain the influence of virtual reality on people’s lives. 2．In which way is virtual reality technology different from the traditional technology? A．It reduces the need for the communication. B．It can provide an immersive experience. C．It is applied to gaming and business. D．It is more convenient to operate. 3．What does the underlined word “expense” mean in the third paragraph? A．Tiredness. B．Schedule. C．Stress. D．Cost. 4．What can we expect of the virtual reality technology? A．It will help reduce technology costs B．It will take people away from reality. C．It will be widely used in people’s lives. D．It will take the place of other technologies. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了虚拟现实技术的现状及其对未来社会可能产生的影响，与过去的技术以及当前的应用进行对比，并展望其未来的发展及应用。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchers have predictions that show virtual reality will make a great difference to our society. In the same way that the smartphone changed our lives, virtual reality may be set to do the same. (研究人员预测虚拟现实将对我们的社会带来巨大变化。正如智能手机改变了我们的生活，虚拟现实可能将同样做到这一点)”可以推知，此处提到智能手机是为了说明虚拟现实对人类生活的影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Until now technology has always been something that we have viewed but never been truly immersed in. Virtual reality has the power to change that. (直到现在，技术一直是我们所看到的东西，但从未真正沉浸其中。虚拟现实有力量改变这一点)”可以推知，虚拟现实技术不同于传统技术的地方在于它可以提供沉浸式体验。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Virtual reality can offer an experience as good as the real thing (虚拟现实可以提供与真实事物一样好的体验)”可知，虚拟现实没有任何旅行的费用。所以“expense”结合上下文可知指的是旅行中的开销，所以“expense”是“费用、成本”的意思。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In time the cost will reduce as well, making it possible to have a VR experience in every home and business. (随着时间的推移，成本也将降低，使每个家庭和企业都可以获得VR体验)可以推知，虚拟现实技术将在未来被广泛应用于人们的生活。故选C。 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东德州·期中） Today, trees face a serious threat from human activity. Over the past 300 years, 1.5 billion hectares of forest have been lost, resulting in the loss of biodiversity, desertification, and increased flood risks. Deforestation is also linked to a higher likelihood of disease outbreaks due to increased contact between humans and animals. In his book Treewilding, ecologist Jake Robinson explores how to best protect and restore forests. He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. Robinson advocates for a more informed approach to forest restoration. Regulators must understand the complex connections between trees, people, animals, and even microorganisms. For instance, native people often rely on forests for farming and raising livestock. Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. Robinson highlights several forest restoration projects. The Great Green Wall project aims to grow a line of trees across the Sahara Desert to prevent desert expansion and improve local livelihoods. Another project, Western Australia’s Gondwana Link, seeks to reconnect broken forest areas to protect endangered species. These projects emphasize the importance of understanding local ecosystems and investing in the long-term care of young trees. Robinson concludes that natural regeneration — allowing forests to heal themselves — is one of the best methods of restoration. He compares it to a phoenix (凤凰) rising from its ashes, pointing out that a forest can regenerate from its own leftovers. His descriptions and thought-provoking questions add depth to his narrative. He explores how to understand the environment’s fundamental state and examines how animals contribute to forest regeneration. His balanced perspective encourages researchers to develop more effective methods for forest restoration. 1．What does Robinson argue in his book Treewilding? A．Planting trees can pose risks to ecosystems. B．Deforestation has led to a complete biodiversity loss. C．Forests can only be restored via human intervention. D．Planting more trees is the best way to fight deforestation. 2．What does monoculture refer to based on the text? A．A natural process of forest growth. B．A method for restoring ecosystems. C．A practice that enhances forest health. D．A phenomenon harmful to biodiversity. 3．Why does Robinson emphasize the role of communities in tree-planting projects? A．To ensure the projects are cost-effective. B．To make tree-planting projects more digital. C．To protect communities from unjust displacement. D．To encourage modern technology in restoration efforts. 4．Which is the best approach for forest restoration according to Robinson? A．Planting diverse species of trees. B．Encouraging natural regeneration. C．Promoting extensive artificial planting. D．Helping animals tackle forest’s leftovers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生态学家杰克·罗宾逊在他的书《Treewilding》中探讨了如何最好地保护和恢复森林，介绍了他对种树的一些看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases.(尽管树木通过捕获碳有助于防止土壤退化和应对气候变化，但规划不当的植树项目可能会损害生态系统。单一栽培，即只种植一种树木，减少了生物多样性，使森林更容易遭受疾病)”可知，罗宾逊在他的书《树野》中论述了种树会给生态系统带来风险。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases.(单一栽培，即只种植一种树木，减少了生物多样性，使森林更容易遭受疾病)”可知，单一栽培指的是对生物多样性有害的现象。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly.(因此，植树项目应考虑到当地的知识和社区的需求，以避免不公平地取代它们)”可知，罗宾逊强调社区在植树计划中的作用是为了保护社区以免被不公正地取代。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Robinson concludes that natural regeneration — allowing forests to heal themselves — is one of the best methods of restoration.(罗宾逊的结论是，自然再生——让森林自我修复——是最好的恢复方法之一)”可知，鼓励自然再生是森林恢复的最佳方法。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·济宁曲阜·期中） The tomato leafminer moth (飞蛾) originates from Peru and is common throughout South America. However, it has spread through Europe since 2007 and has become one of the largest pests in Mediterranean regions, threatening food supplies. Experts around the world are currently struggling with new ways to battle the moth, but it has developed resistance to pesticides (杀虫剂), leaving farmers helpless to stop the damage. A new study from the University of Portsmouth has shown that the answer may lie in the tropical tent web spider. Scientists carried out laboratory tests and found that the spiders banded together to form webs that easily caught the flying insects, which they then ate. Dr Lena Grinsted, the lead author of the study, said, “The tropical tent web spiders operate in large groups and can create giant joined-up webs capable of catching insects in the air. This could potentially lead to a reduction of reliance on chemical pesticides, resulting in less pollution in soils, waterways and food chains in the future.” Crop damage is also caused by the larvae (幼虫), which directly attack the tomato fruit, making the crop ugly and thus unmarketable. Larvae live inside the leaf until they begin the process of turning into a moth, making them difficult to control. However, scientists expect that targeting the adult moth population will reduce the number of eggs being laid. In addition, the spiders build the biggest webs during the summer, which can benefit the tomato planting and growing season in May and June. The researchers said the study would “open doors for the use of group-living spiders to control agricultural pests” but warned that more work was needed to check the spiders did not change the ecology of regions. Dr Grinsted added, “Future studies are needed to investigate whether the spiders may negatively impact crop pollination (授粉) by also catching bees and other key pollinators.” 1．Why is it difficult to get rid of the moth according to paragraph 1? A．It is large in size. B．It is drug-resistant. C．It spreads too quickly. D．It threatens food supplies. 2．What did the study find about the tropical tent web spider? A．It can catch and eat flying insects in large groups. B．It can create giant webs that are impossible to break. C．It can reduce soil, waterway, and food chain pollution. D．It can control the number of eggs laid by the moth. 3．What does Dr. Grinsted suggest for future research on the tropical tent web spider? A．Investigating its impact on crop pollination. B．Finding more ways to use it to control pests. C．Studying its behavior in different seasons. D．Checking its ability to catch flying insects. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Moths: The Biggest Threat to Crops B．Spiders: The Insect-Catching Lovers C．Moths: A Headache for Modern Agriculture D．Spiders: An Eco-friendly Alternative to Drugs 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学研究发现采用热带帐篷蜘蛛替代杀虫剂控制害虫可能是一种重要方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Experts around the world are currently struggling with new ways to battle the moth, but it has developed resistance to pesticides (杀虫剂), leaving farmers helpless to stop the damage.(世界各地的专家目前都在努力寻找对抗这种飞蛾的新方法，但它已经对杀虫剂产生了抗药性，农民们无法阻止这种破坏)”可知，潜叶蛾对杀虫剂产生了抗药性，故很难消除，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists carried out laboratory tests and found that the spiders banded together to form webs that easily caught the flying insects, which they then ate.(科学家们进行了实验室测试，发现这些蜘蛛聚集在一起形成的网很容易捕获飞虫，然后吃掉它们)”和“The tropical tent web spiders operate in large groups and can create giant joined-up webs capable of catching insects in the air.(热带帐篷网蜘蛛成群活动，可以织出巨大的连网，能够在空中捕捉昆虫)”可知，研究发现成群的热带帐篷蜘蛛能捕捉并吃掉飞虫，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dr Grinsted added, “Future studies are needed to investigate whether the spiders may negatively impact crop pollination (授粉) by also catching bees and other key pollinators.”(Grinsted博士补充说：“未来的研究需要调查蜘蛛是否会通过捕获蜜蜂和其他关键的传粉媒介来对作物授粉产生负面影响。”)”可知，Grinsted博士建议未来研究热带帐篷蜘蛛对作物授粉的影响，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“A new study from the University of Portsmouth has shown that the answer may lie in the tropical tent web spider.(Portsmouth大学的一项新研究表明，答案可能在热带帐篷网蜘蛛身上)”和第二段中“The tropical tent web spiders operate in large groups and can create giant joined-up webs capable of catching insects in the air. This could potentially lead to a reduction of reliance on chemical pesticides, resulting in less pollution in soils, waterways and food chains in the future.(热带帐篷网蜘蛛成群活动，可以织出巨大的连网，能够在空中捕捉昆虫。这可能会减少对化学农药的依赖，从而减少未来土壤、水道和食物链的污染)”可知，本文主要讲述科学研究发现，采用热带帐篷蜘蛛替代杀虫剂控制害虫可能是一种重要方法，故D项“蜘蛛：药物的环保替代品”适合作为标题，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东临沂·期中） Insects cause billions of dollars of damage to crops every year, driving farmers to apply pesticides on an industrial scale, at huge expense and often with unwelcome ecological side effects. They take this, carpet-bombing approach because they lack information about where and when it is best to hit pests, and nobody wants to use too little pesticide and thus risk losing crops. Technologists at FarmSense, a firm in Riverside, California, hope to change that. The established approach to detecting insect pests, moths in particular, is to employ pheromone-baited (以外激索为诱饵的) sticky traps. Pheromones are chemicals which animals use to communicate — and especially to attract members of the opposite sex. An appropriately baited sticky trap gives a fair idea of the number and type of pests around, but not with sufficient detail for the accurate application of pest control measures. FarmSense’s researchers believe they can do better. The company’s device, FlightSensor, has been in full-scale tests on farms since 2020 and is about to be made generally available. It does, not trap insects. Rather, it detects them with a laser as they fly by. The developers’ finding was that the shadows of passing wings produce the same signal as the sound of the wing beats recorded by a microphone. For the first group of targets the results are impressive. Navel orangeworm moths, in particular, are a common pest of almond and pistachio trees both important to Californian agriculture. FlightSensor can identify them accurately mare than 99% of the time. And the device is still improving its capability, and adding new species as it gets more data. Sometimes it can distinguish insects which, to a human eye, look identical. Farmsense’s approach work, better than microphones for recording, wing beats because the insects under investigation are quiet and the sound they send out is thus easily lost in background noise. They are easily detectable by laser, though. And while sticky traps are at least a solution for large moths, the FarmSense sensor picks up extremely small moths. From farm to lab, then, identifying insects with FlightSensot may soon be all the rage on farms. 1．What is the problem with the carpet bombing approach? A．It has very little effect. B．It takes too much time. C．It’s weather dependent. D．It’s costly and damaging. 2．How does FlightSensor work? A．It uses light for insect analysis. B．It detects chemicals from insects. C．It works by recording wing beats. D．It traps insects by giving out sound. 3．What can we say about navel orangeworm moths? A．They are hardly under control at present. B．They are a threat to Californian agriculture. C．They are clever enough to avoid FlightSensor. D．They are a new species discovered in California. 4．What does the underlined part “all the rage” in the last paragraph mean? A．Well protected. B．Quickly removed. C．Widely adopted. D．Closely checked. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了昆虫每年给农作物造成数十亿美元的损失，迫使农民以工业规模使用杀虫剂，但杀虫剂会带来严重的副作用。FarmSense公司的研究人员开发了一种设备，可以精确地控制杀虫剂的使用量，从而减少对环境的破坏。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Insects cause billions of dollars of damage to crops every year, driving farmers to apply pesticides on an industrial scale, at huge expense and often with unwelcome ecological side effects.( 昆虫每年给农作物造成数十亿美元的损失，迫使农民以工业规模使用杀虫剂，代价巨大，而且往往带来不受欢迎的生态副作用。)”可知，地毯炸弹法成本高，破坏性高。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The company’s device, FlightSensor, has been in full-scale tests on farms since 2020 and is about to be made generally available. It does, not trap insects. Rather, it detects them with a laser as they fly by.( 该公司的设备FlightSensor自2020年以来一直在农场进行全面测试，即将全面上市。它不会诱捕昆虫。相反，当它们飞过时，它会用激光探测它们。)”可知，FlightSensor通过使用光来分析昆虫。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Navel orangeworm moths, in particular, are a common pest of almond and pistachio trees both important to Californian agriculture.( 特别是脐橙毛虫蛾，是杏仁树和开心果树的常见害虫，这两种树对加州的农业都很重要。)”可知，脐橙毛虫蛾对加州的农业构成威胁。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“And while sticky traps are at least a solution for large moths, the FarmSense sensor picks up extremely small moths.( 虽然粘捕器至少可以解决大型飞蛾的问题，但FarmSense传感器可以捕捉到非常小的飞蛾。)”以及划线短语句中“From farm to lab, then, identifying insects with FlightSensot may soon be all the rage on farms.(因此，从农场到实验室，用FlightSensot识别昆虫可能很快在农场all the rage)”可知，此处为很快就会在农场流行起来。由此可知，和C选项Widely adopted“广泛采用”意思相近。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会——生活与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东菏泽·期中） Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study. Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise. Likewise, teens reported feeling less loved on days when parents reported more conflicts than usual. More importantly, the researchers also found that parents could weaken the impact of conflicts by showing their teens warmth. In their words, on days when parents were warm, high levels of conflicts didn’t reduce how loved teens felt. To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said. “Parents often complain about the conflicts they are experiencing with their children,” said John Coffey, the study’s lead author, “but our study suggests conflicts are manageable.” The study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting daily fluctuations in feeling loved are common even in long-term relationships. How parents and teens communicate and resolve conflicts may be most important to maintaining a healthy relationship in the long term, said the researchers. “The study findings are particularly useful right now,” added Coffey, “because parents and their children are spending much time together. Finding ways to be kind and warm will help lessen potential conflicts and ensure children feel loved.” 1．What does Beata Ujvari think of the study method? A．It is good. B．It is simple. C．It is popular. D．It is creative. 2．What does the underlined word “affection” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Care. B．Hope. C．Humor. D．Silence. 3．How can parents reduce conflicts’ effect on their teens according to the text? A．By spending more time with their teens. B．By displaying emotional warmth on the same day. C．By showing understanding related to the conflicts. D．By expressing agreement on what whatever ever their teens say. 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Education. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．A 【来源】山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题（B） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段““The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.(没有参与这项研究的Beata Ujvari说：“日常方法适合为护理人员提供日常生活的实用建议。”)”可知，Beata Ujvari认为这种日常的研究方法很适合为照顾者提供日常生活的实用建议，也就是他认为这种方法很好。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子“Regardless of the general closeness of the parent-teen relationship, the researchers found that teens reported feeling more loved on days when parents reported showing more warmth in the form of affection, understanding, or praise.(研究人员发现，不管父母与青少年的关系是否亲密，当父母以affection、理解或赞美的形式表现出更多的温暖时，青少年会感到更被爱)”可知，affection与understanding和praise是并列关系，意思应该相近，而understanding和praise都是积极正面的词，推知affection应是“关爱”之意，符合语境，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“To weaken conflicts’ impact, warmth had to be shown on the same day, but the warmth and conflicts did not need to be related, the researchers said.(研究人员说，为了减弱冲突的影响，温情必须在同一天出现，但温情和冲突并不一定要联系起来)”可知，父母在同一天表现出情感上的温暖可以减少冲突对孩子的影响。故选B项 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers from the Yale Child Study Center collected 21 days of daily diaries from parents and teens from 151 families. Participating teens were in the 9th and 10th grades, and ranged from 13 to 16 years old. Slightly more female teens participated. By analyzing these diaries, the researchers could connect parents’ displays of warmth with daily fluctuations (变动) in how loved their teens were feeling. “The daily methodology is suited to providing caregivers with practical suggestions for daily life,” says Beata Ujvari, who was not involved in the study.(耶鲁儿童研究中心的研究人员从151个家庭的父母和青少年那里收集了21天的日常日记。参与调查的青少年在9年级和10年级，年龄从13岁到16岁不等。参与调查的女性青少年略多一些。通过分析这些日记，研究人员可以将父母的温暖表现与青少年每天感受到的爱的波动联系起来。没有参与这项研究的Beata Ujvari说：“日常方法适合为护理人员提供日常生活的实用建议。”)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学儿童研究中心的研究人员收集家长和青少年21天的日记，分析发现家长表达温暖与青少年感受到的被爱程度之间的日常波动有关，家长在同一天表达温暖可以减弱冲突对孩子的影响，这属于家庭教育的范畴，与生活息息相关。由此推知，本文应该出现在报纸的“生活”版块。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·山东日照·期中） In the field of Chinese outdoor sports, the traditional dividing factors like gender and age have lost their significance. The charm of the outdoor experience goes beyond these boundaries and attracts people from all walks of life. Whether they are young urban professionals or retirees, more and more people are getting out of the city and into nature. Chen Yu, a tech enthusiast who leads outdoor sports groups, enjoys activities like hiking and trail running. Lao Yan, a 68-year-old cycling enthusiast, has tried water sports like windsurfing. Meanwhile, Yue Ying, a mother and finance professional, has found relief in nature with her family. With significant growth in social media engagement, outdoor activities are becoming a part of the everyday lives of more people. Hiking, cycling, camping, fishing, surfing, skiing and other outdoor activities have become the new way of life for many people. Chen, who used to be afraid of outdoor sports, now values outdoor sports because they can relax the body and mind. He says, “The moment you step out of your door, you become a part of the outdoor culture community.” Chinese women are also increasingly engaging in outdoor sports, challenging traditional norms (规范). Families, making up 38.3% of outdoor sports participants, use outdoor activities as a new parenting approach. Yue says, “When you’re on a mountain without cellphone signals, you can put work matters aside, disconnect from the real world and just focus on the road ahead.” During outdoor activities, she seldom takes out her phone but rather engages in playing with her children. The appeal of outdoor sports is to get away from urban disorders, helping the development of physical and mental health. As more individuals seek relief in nature, the outdoor culture community continues to grow, bridging various social groups. 1．Why does the author mention the three persons in paragraph 2? A．To highlight their love for nature. B．To illustrate various outdoor activities. C．To stress the importance of outdoor sports. D．To evidence the popularity of outdoor sports. 2．What do we know about Chen Yu? A．He recognizes the benefits of outdoor sports. B．He coaches outdoor sports groups. C．He promotes sports through social media. D．He is an expert at outdoor sports. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Yue prefers to stay indoors with her phone. B．Outdoor sports better family bonding and engagement. C．Traditional norms discourage women from outdoor sports. D．Families make up the majority of outdoor sports participants. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The charm of outdoor sports B．The origin of outdoor sports C．The development of outdoor sports D．The significance of outdoor sports 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国户外运动的发展和现状，强调了户外运动对不同人群（包括不同年龄、性别、职业的人）的吸引力，以及户外运动对社会文化和人们生活方式的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Whether they are young urban professionals or retirees, more and more people are getting out of the city and into nature. Chen Yu, a tech enthusiast who leads outdoor sports groups, enjoys activities like hiking and trail running. Lao Yan, a 68-year-old cycling enthusiast, has tried water sports like windsurfing. Meanwhile, Yue Ying, a mother and finance professional, has found relief in nature with her family.(无论是年轻的城市专业人士还是退休人员，越来越多的人正在走出城市，走进自然。陈宇是一位科技爱好者，他带领户外运动团体，喜欢徒步和越野跑。68岁的骑行爱好者老严尝试过风帆等水上运动。与此同时，身为母亲和财务专业人士的岳英也和家人一起在自然中找到了放松)”及第三段“With significant growth in social media engagement, outdoor activities are becoming a part of the everyday lives of more people.(随着社交媒体参与度的显著增长，户外活动正在成为更多人日常生活的一部分)”可推知，作者提到陈宇、老严和岳英这三个人，是为了通过他们的个人经历来展示户外运动在中国的普及程度，以及它如何吸引了不同年龄、职业和背景的人。这三个人的故事是户外运动广泛受欢迎的具体例证。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Chen, who used to be afraid of outdoor sports, now values outdoor sports because they can relax the body and mind.(陈宇，过去害怕户外运动，现在却珍视户外运动，因为它们可以放松身心)”可知，我们知道陈宇曾经害怕户外运动，但现在他认识到了户外运动的益处，特别是它们对身心健康的积极影响。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Families, making up 38.3% of outdoor sports participants, use outdoor activities as a new parenting approach.(家庭占户外运动参与者的38.3%，他们将户外活动作为一种新的育儿方式)”可知，第四段提到家庭是户外运动的重要参与者，并且他们利用户外活动作为一种新的育儿方式。由此推知，户外运动有助于增强家庭纽带和促进家庭成员之间的互动。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The charm of the outdoor experience goes beyond these boundaries and attracts people from all walks of life.(户外体验的魅力超越了这些界限，吸引着各行各业的人们)”和下文描述可知，整篇文章都在讲述户外运动的魅力，包括它如何吸引不同的人群、对身心健康的益处以及它如何成为人们生活的一部分。由此可知，“户外运动的魅力”适合作本最佳标题，能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·山东名校联盟·期中） Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use. Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis (光合作用) and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity. This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms’ electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcelis, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report — a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry. But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high­-then-­low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting. While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcelis indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the single-­plant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcelis. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world. 1．What is a disadvantage of vertical farming? A．Cost­-effective. B．Labor-­intensive. C．Energy­-consuming. D．Technically-challenging. 2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity? A．Variations in power costs. B．Growth stages of the crops. C．Outdoor lighting conditions. D．Changing electricity supplies. 3．What did researchers find about indoor crops? A．They grow better under fixed lighting. B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight. C．They output more under dynamic lighting. D．They react similarly to varying light patterns. 4．What may Marcelis agree with? A．There are still some limitations in the research. B．The new program helps save on electricity bills. C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future. D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了垂直农业的相关信息，包括其优缺点、开发智能照明计算机程序以解决能源成本问题，以及室内作物对不同照明条件的反应研究结果。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. (在可控的人造光下，在室内成排种植作物可以比传统的户外农场每平方英尺生产更多的食物，同时使用更少的土地和水。但这种垂直农业技术也是需要密集且昂贵的能源。)”可知，垂直农业的一个缺点是很耗能的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段“The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.(计算机程序根据不断变化的电力成本每小时调整生长灯的强度)”可知，电力成本的变化影响生长光强度的调整。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段“But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting? Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-­then-­low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.(但是，室内作物在动态照明下如何生长良好呢？Marcelis和他的同事们测试了绿叶蔬菜对每小时变化的光线模式的反应。植物暴露在不同的光照强度下：一组植物在高强度和低强度的光照间隔下生长，而另一组植物则享受更明亮的早晨和更暗淡的下午。有趣的是，这两种条件都导致叶子和成熟重量与标准固定光照下生长的叶子和成熟体重相似)”可知，研究人员发现，室内作物在不同的光线模式下反应相似。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.(他还警告说，不要指望动态照明能为垂直农业带来立竿见影的好处。在垂直农业能够帮助养活世界之前，其他关键问题仍有待解决)”可推知，这项研究仍然存在一些局限性，还有关键问题仍有待解决。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山东菏泽·期中） Do you have that one piece of technology that changes your life for the better? The technology that helped change my life is the camera. Photography is using photos to create art to make something beautiful to create a story. The camera was used to capture moments in history. When it was first invented in the 1800s, Joseph Nic éphore Ni é pce was the first person to take photos to capture the world’s beauty. The camera shows a different view of the world to me by showing the true colors of when and how there will always be the good and bad in the world. It is important to me, because it helps bring back the history of the past. Next thing is that back then the camera helped show art by using photos to create feelings of nostalgia (怀旧) and purpose. If we had no photography then there would be less knowledge about the history of the past. When I was a young girl, my family would take pictures to record the memories whether they were the good or bad. In our family, valuable photos are considered a treasure passed down from one generation to the next. My strong love for photography was from my uncle who was a photographer and I loved looking at his pictures. Later, I take pictures to show a meaning through the photos to follow in his footsteps. We are on a timeline, and photos can help freeze moments on the timeline. Today people are using photos to create a timeline for their future by putting them in a photo album(相册) or posting them on social media, which can help them remember what happened in the past. 1．How did the camera influence the author? A．She developed strong interest in technology. B．She began to express her feelings to others. C．She learned something about the past. D．She passed different views to others. 2．What made the author become interested in taking pictures? A．Her uncle’s influence. B．Her wish to remember good memories C．Her interest in creating art. D．Her dream of becoming a photography 3．Why do people post photos online according to the text? A．To share their daily lives. B．To record moments in life. C．To plan for the future. D．To make photo albums. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．How the camera changed my life B．What I have learned from my uncle C．What pictures can bring to people D．How photography influences history 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了相机对作者生活的改变——让作者可以记录生活，帮助作者对过去生活的了解。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is important to me, because it helps bring back the history of the past. Next thing is that back then the camera helped show art by using photos to create feelings of nostalgia (怀旧) and purpose. If we had no photography then there would be less knowledge about the history of the past.(相机对我来说很重要，因为它有助于回忆过去的历史。接下来是，那时相机通过使用照片来创造怀旧感觉和目的感来帮助展示艺术。如果我们没有摄影，那么对过去的历史的了解就会减少。)”可知，相机能帮助作者了解到过去的事情。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“My strong love for photography was from my uncle who was a photographer and I loved looking at his pictures.(我对摄影的强烈热爱来自于我的叔叔，他是一名摄影师，我喜欢看他的照片。)”可知，作者的叔叔对作者的影响使得作者对拍照感兴趣。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Today people are using photos to create a timeline for their future by putting them in a photo album(相册) or posting them on social media, which can help them remember what happened in the past.(今天，人们利用照片为他们的未来创建一个时间表，把他们放在一个相册或在社交媒体上分享，这可以帮助他们记住过去发生的事情。)”可知，人们把照片发布在网上是为了记录生活中的一些时刻，帮助他们记住过去发生的事情。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Do you have that one piece of technology that changes your life for the better? The technology that helped change my life is the camera.(你有没有一项技术让你的生活变得更好？帮助改变我生活的技术是相机。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了相机是如何影响作者生活的。故A项“相机如何改变了我的生活”符合文章标题，故选A。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·山师大附中·期中） As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater. UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into lively green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. Rooftop Green is designed to be adaptable, serving small households as well as large commercial buildings. By developing otherwise unused rooftop space, it provides a practical solution to the problem of urban food deserts. The system is remarkably easy to maintain and promises a constant supply of organic vegetables and herbs. The technology behind Rooftop Green includes smart sensors and an automatic watering system. The latter improves plant growth with minimal water use. Connected to a mobile app, the sensors give users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times. The app ensures that even green-hand gardeners can successfully plant their crops with confidence. By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated with food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity. Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for responsible citizens. UrbanSprout employees integrate the company’s eco-friendly values in their daily routines. They actively participate in community gardening and conservation projects, promoting sustainability within and beyond the workplace. “Our goal is to develop a culture that values green living,” explained an UrbanSprout representative. Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation. It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living. For those looking to make a positive environmental impact, it offers an accessible and impactful way to engage with sustainability. 1．What is the main purpose of Rooftop Green? A．To generate profits through commercial farming. B．To provide fresh produce by rooftop gardening. C．To conduct scientific research on plant growth. D．To provide decorations for urban buildings. 2．What’s the function of smart sensors? A．Decreasing the need for watering. B．Speeding up the growth of plants. C．Observing the gardening process. D．Building confidence of beginners. 3．What does Rooftop Green advocate? A．The change of workplace culture. B．A green and long-lasting city life. C．The total reliance on technologies. D．A trend towards independent living. 4．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Role of Technology in Urban Gardening B．Enhancing Urban Biodiversity with Sensors C．Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts D．Innovations in Agricultural Technology 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了UrbanSprout公司推出的Rooftop Green系统，该系统通过利用屋顶空间，为城市食物沙漠问题提供了解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into lively green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. (UrbanSprout是一家创新型公司，它推出了Rooftop Green花园系统，将城市屋顶转变为充满活力的绿色空间，直接为城市居民提供新鲜农产品。)” 可知，Rooftop Green是一个将城市屋顶变成绿色空间，直接为城市居民提供新鲜农产品的花园系统，所以其主要目的是通过屋顶园艺提供新鲜农产品，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Connected to a mobile app, the sensors give users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times. (这些传感器与移动应用程序相连，可以让用户了解植物的健康状况、生长阶段和适当的收获时间。)” 可知，智能传感器能让用户了解植物健康、生长阶段和适当的收获时间，也就是可以观察园艺过程，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated with food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity. Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for responsible citizens. (通过在城市地区创造绿色绿洲，Rooftop Green不仅减少了与食品运输相关的碳足迹，还增强了城市生物多样性。此外，它减少了对化肥的依赖，使其成为负责任的公民的环保选择。)”和最后一段“Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation. It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living. (Rooftop Green不仅仅是一项农业创新。这是更广泛的可持续城市生活运动的一部分。)” 可推断，Rooftop Green 倡导的是一种绿色且可持续的城市生活，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater. UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into lively green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents. (随着城市的不断发展，对高效和可持续粮食生产的需求从未像现在这样强烈。UrbanSprout是一家创新型公司，它推出了Rooftop Green花园系统，将城市屋顶转变为充满活力的绿色空间，直接为城市居民提供新鲜农产品。)” 可知文章主要介绍了UrbanSprout公司推出的Rooftop Green系统，该系统通过利用屋顶空间，为城市食物沙漠问题提供了解决方案，所以C选项“城市食物沙漠的屋顶解决方案”符合文章大意，适合作标题，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·潍坊青州·期中） Common house cats possess the ability to associate human words with images without instructions, a new research conducted by animal scientists at Azabu University in Japan has revealed. This discovery, published in the journal Scientific Reports, throws new light on cats’ cognitive abilities and their potential for understanding human language. The team designed an experiment to test cats’ ability to form picture-word associations. The study involved 31 adult house cats and applied a methodology similar to those used in baby language development research. In the experiment, cats were shown short videos paired with nonsensical words (“keraru” and “parumo”).These videos were played repeatedly until the cats looked away. After a break, the same videos were shown, but with the spoken words disordered. The results were striking: cats demonstrated longer viewing duration and pupil (瞳孔) expansion when the word-image pairings were switched, indicating puzzlement and a search for explanation. This behavior suggests that the cats had formed associations between the spoken words and the images they saw, even without any training. “It is noteworthy that cats made the picture-word relation after only brief exposure,” the researchers said. “Most cats habituated to the stimulus (刺激物) pairing after four trials, which means they received only nine-second exposures in two trials for each picture-word pair.” By comparison, trials involving human babies used at least four 20-second trials for a picture-word pair. It’s not clear why cats are able to form these associations so quickly and more work is needed to examine the question from both biological and developmental perspectives. The impacts of domestication on cats need to be investigated too, the researchers said. This is particularly crucial, as the research also indicated that cats might find it easier to form associations between objects and human speech rather than electronic sounds. 1．What is the new discovery about house cats? A．They can be trained to please human. B．They can read human’s facial expressions. C．They can link words to images without tips. D．They can understand complex human language. 2．What was cats’ reaction to the disordered words? A．Confused. B．Fascinated. C．Calm. D．Indifferent. 3．How does the cats’ learning process compare to that of human babies? A．The processes are similar in speed. B．Cats learn faster than human babies. C．Cats take longer to form associations. D．Human babies learn with shorter exposure. 4．What could be the key focus for future study? A．The biological development of cats. B．The effects of domestication on cats. C．The cat’s talent for identifying objects. D．The cats’ preference for electronic sounds. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了日本Azabu大学动物科学家的一项新研究，揭示了家猫无需指导就能将人类的语言与图像联系起来的能力，并对此进行了实验验证和结果分析。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Common house cats possess the ability to associate human words with images without instructions, a new research conducted by animal scientists at Azabu University in Japan has revealed.(日本麻布大学的动物科学家进行的一项新研究显示，普通的家猫能够在没有指示的情况下将人类的文字与图像联系起来)”可知，关于家猫的新发现是它们可以在没有提示的情况下连接文字和图片。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The results were striking: cats demonstrated longer viewing duration and pupil (瞳孔) expansion when the word-image pairings were switched, indicating puzzlement and a search for explanation.(结果令人震惊：当单词-图像配对互换时，猫表现出更长的观看时间和瞳孔扩张，表明它们感到困惑，并在寻找解释)”可知，猫对无序词语的反应是困惑。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Most cats habituated to the stimulus (刺激物) pairing after four trials, which means they received only nine-second exposures in two trials for each picture-word pair.” By comparison, trials involving human babies used at least four 20-second trials for a picture-word pair.(“经过四次试验后，大多数猫都习惯了刺激配对，这意味着它们在两次试验中只接受了9秒的图片-文字配对。”相比之下，涉及人类婴儿的试验至少使用了4次20秒的图片-单词对试验)”可知，猫的学习过程与人类婴儿的学习过程相比，猫比人类婴儿学得快。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s not clear why cats are able to form these associations so quickly and more work is needed to examine the question from both biological and developmental perspectives. The impacts of domestication on cats need to be investigated too, the researchers said.(目前尚不清楚为什么猫能够如此迅速地形成这些联系，需要从生物学和发育的角度来研究这个问题。研究人员说，驯化对猫的影响也需要调查)”可知，未来研究的重点是驯化对猫的影响。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·济宁曲阜·期中） Schmidt’s interest in pain started quite unexpectedly when he was studying for his Ph. D．at the University of Georgia. As a chemist, he was eager to find exciting projects related to insects in the field of chemistry. One day, a harvester ant stung him, leading him on a path to discover the science behind venom (毒液) and pain. To understand more, Schmidt collected venom from hundreds of ants and compared it with venom from other ants. He tested many different types of ants, allowing them to sting him, and then rated his pain on a scale of one to four. Over the course of 35 years, he was stung by 150 different species of insects. In 1983, he created the Schmidt Index, which ranks the pain of stings from 78 insects on a scale from one (mild) to four (severe). The honey bee was given a rating of two because most people could relate to the feeling of a bee sting. “The good news is that there aren’t many insects with a rating of four,” said Schmidt. “Out of the 80 or so insects I’ve studied, only three have a four rating.” Schmidt’s list was not just for fun; it was a tool to help understand why some insects need to cause pain. Solitary (独居的) insects, which live alone, tend to have a less painful sting than those that live in complex colonies. Many insects sting to protect their colonies, which may include helpless eggs, young insects, and workers. Since solitary insects have little to defend, their stings are usually less painful. From this, Schmidt believed that stings helped insects get more food, which in turn helped them build social structures. For Schmidt, pain is a valuable guide. “Pain is an amazing feeling,” he said. “I see it as the body’s way of keeping us safe.” It warns us that something might be wrong or that damage is happening or could happen. But pain itself is not damage; it’s just a warning. “If all the insects on Earth disappeared, life would soon become impossible,” Schmidt added. 1．What can we learn about Schmidt from the first paragraph? A．He was fascinated by bees since he was little. B．He finally became a chemist after doing his research. C．He found his project by coincidence. D．His childhood experience set him off on his academic research. 2．Why does the writer mention honey bee in paragraph 2? A．To give an example of his scale. B．To explore why causing pain is more necessary. C．To rate his severe pain. D．To tell us what a bee sting feels like. 3．What do you know about sting according to Schmidt’s research? A．Solitary insect stings are severer. B．Most insects can cause severe pain. C．Insects sting because they have to protect a colony. D．Stings are necessary for insects to survive and develop. 4．Why is pain amazing according to Schmidt? A．People like to feel pain sometimes. B．Pain warns us of potential danger. C．Severe pain is a great way of keeping people out of trouble. D．Pain causes damage. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述化学家Schmidt探索毒液和疼痛背后的相关研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“One day, a harvester ant stung him, leading him on a path to discover the science behind venom (毒液) and pain.(一天，一只收获蚁蜇了他，带领他踏上了探索毒液和疼痛背后的科学之路)”可知，Schmidt是在偶然的机会下踏上了探索毒液和疼痛背后的科学之路，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Over the course of 35 years, he was stung by 150 different species of insects. In 1983, he created the Schmidt Index, which ranks the pain of stings from 78 insects on a scale from one (mild) to four (severe). The honey bee was given a rating of two because most people could relate to the feeling of a bee sting.(在35年的时间里，他被150种不同的昆虫蜇伤。1983年，他创建了施密特指数，将78种昆虫蜇伤的疼痛按1（轻微）到4（严重）进行排名。蜜蜂被打了2分，因为大多数人都能体会到蜜蜂蜇人的感觉)”可知，Schmidt被150种不同的昆虫蜇伤，并将78种昆虫蜇伤的疼痛进行排名，后文提到被蜜蜂蜇伤的疼痛指数是为了对他的研究范围进行举例，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Many insects sting to protect their colonies, which may include helpless eggs, young insects, and workers. Since solitary insects have little to defend, their stings are usually less painful. From this, Schmidt believed that stings helped insects get more food, which in turn helped them build social structures.(许多昆虫蜇人是为了保护它们的种群，其中可能包括无助的卵、幼虫和工虫。因为独居的昆虫没有什么需要保护的，所以它们的叮咬通常不那么痛。由此，Schmidt认为，叮咬可以帮助昆虫获得更多的食物，从而帮助它们建立社会结构)”可知，从Schmidt的研究中我们可以推知，叮咬是昆虫生存和发展所必需的，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““I see it as the body’s way of keeping us safe.” It warns us that something might be wrong or that damage is happening or could happen.(“我认为这是身体保护我们安全的方式。”它警告我们可能出了问题，或者损害正在发生或可能发生)”可知，Schmidt认为疼痛令人惊奇是因为它提醒我们注意潜在的危险，故选B。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$