热点话题14 自然灾害与减灾防护（话题阅读精练）英语高二通用版

热点话题14 自然灾害与减灾防护 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 5 Revealing nature 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 6 Nurturing nature 外研版选择性必修二 Unit 6 Survival 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 讲述了一个地区在遭到飓风的袭击后，植树所起的作用的重要性。 Passage 2 阅读理解 印度南部村庄Rayanpet面临的气候变化对农业的影响以及农民和农业研究机构采取的应对措施。 Passage 3 阅读理解 介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。 Passage 4 阅读理解 介绍了常见的四种自然灾害。 Passage 5 阅读理解 气旋Jasper对昆士兰州北部造成的破坏和救援情况。 Passage 6 阅读理解 介绍了山体滑坡和泥石流造成的死亡人数比火山、野火和龙卷风更多，但是科学家对它们的关注和研究却很少，作者呼吁科学家重视对山体滑坡和泥石流的研究。 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “自然灾害与减灾防护”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自然” 主题范畴下的 “灾害防范” 子话题。这一主题引导学生认识各类自然灾害，如地震（earthquake）、飓风（hurricane）、洪水（flood）、干旱（drought）等的特点、形成原因及带来的影响，同时学习在面对这些自然灾害时如何进行有效的减灾防护措施，包括灾难来临时的自救与互救方法、提前预防的策略等。通过对这一主题的学习，有助于学生增强对自然环境的敬畏之心，提升应对灾害的能力，培养在困境中保持冷静和积极应对的态度，并且能够用英语准确地表达相关的信息和观点，提高语言运用能力以及跨文化交流中关于灾害话题的沟通能力。 句子积累 描述自然灾害发生 A terrible earthquake hit /struck the area yesterday, causing great damage. 昨天一场可怕的地震袭击了该地区，造成了巨大破坏。 The hurricane is approaching the coast, with strong winds and heavy rain. 飓风正带着狂风暴雨逼近海岸。 Floods have occurred frequently in this region in recent years due to climate change. 由于气候变化，近年来该地区频繁发生洪水。 说明灾害影响 The earthquake left thousands of people homeless and many injured. 地震使成千上万的人无家可归，许多人受伤。 The drought has led to a serious shortage of water and a reduction in crop yields. 干旱导致了严重的水资源短缺和农作物减产。 The typhoon's strong winds swept away many houses and trees, resulting in huge economic losses. 台风的强风刮走了许多房屋和树木，造成了巨大的经济损失。 表达防灾减灾措施 We should raise people's awareness of disaster prevention to reduce the impact of natural disasters. 我们应该提高人们的防灾意识以减少自然灾害的影响。 It's necessary to conduct regular evacuation drills so that people know what to do in case of an emergency. 进行定期的疏散演练很有必要，以便人们在紧急情况下知道该怎么做。 The government has taken a series of preventive measures, such as building flood - control dams and strengthening earthquake - resistant construction. 政府已经采取了一系列预防措施，如修建防洪大坝和加强抗震建筑。 关于灾后恢复 After the disaster, the local government immediately organized efforts to help the survivors rebuild their homes. 灾难过后，当地政府立即组织力量帮助幸存者重建家园。 With the help of the whole society, the area affected by the flood gradually recovered and returned to normal life. 在全社会的帮助下，受洪水影响的地区逐渐恢复并回归正常生活。 必备词块 自然灾害类 natural disaster 自然灾害 earthquake 地震 hurricane /typhoon 飓风 / 台风 tornado 龙卷风 flood 洪水 drought 干旱 tsunami 海啸 volcanic eruption 火山爆发 landslide 泥石流 thunderstorm 雷暴 灾害影响相关 cause damage /destruction 造成破坏 economic loss 经济损失 human casualties 人员伤亡 destroy homes /buildings 摧毁房屋 / 建筑物 cut off electricity /water supply 切断电力 / 供水 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 防灾减灾措施类 take preventive measures 采取预防措施 make an emergency plan 制定应急计划 raise awareness of disaster prevention 提高防灾意识 conduct evacuation drills 进行疏散演练 provide disaster relief 提供救灾援助 supply emergency supplies 供应应急物资 first aid kit 急救箱 灾后恢复类 rebuild /reconstruct 重建 recover from the disaster 从灾难中恢复 help the survivors 帮助幸存者 restore normal life 恢复正常生活 实战演练 Passage 1 At the start of hurricane season, we’re reminded of the power natural disasters can produce. Before the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said the U.S. would see 12 to 17 named storms. They predicted the season would be “near-normal” compared with the “above-normal” 2022 season that resulted in 14 storms that formed into eight hurricanes. According to NOAA, at least three of those hurricanes caused at least $1 billion in damage, along with other natural disasters. Given the huge damage following a hurricane, trees are — understandably — not the first focus. But once important needs are addressed and communities are ready to rebuild, replanting is often a key part. Planting trees helps people affected by a hurricane create a connection with the effort to rebuild. It can make them feel like they are personally contributing to recovery, leading to a sense of community pride. I’ve seen it first-hand. When homeowners in disaster-stricken areas come to Arbor Day Foundation tree plantings, they expect to get their hands dirty, filled with hope and excitement. It could be that they are just big fans of trees. But I think the enthusiasm is more about what replanting represents. These trees are infusing (注入) life back into places that have been marked by loss. At the Arbor Day Foundation, we work with local partners who know when a community is ready to replant its lost trees after a hurricane. When the time is right, we help get them what they need to plant trees. Planting trees is also about protecting the community from the next disaster. Trees can help slow the strong winds of a hurricane and reduce the effects of flooding. When planted in the right place, they can redirect water away from homes and other buildings. In some ways, trees can be a guard against the dangerous blows Mother Nature brings. Though hurricanes try to damage everything in their path — including our spirits — trees show us that we still have the strength to stand tall. 1．What can we know about hurricanes according to NOAA? A．Giving them names is hard. B．They can lead to huge damage. C．They are weaker year by year. D．Predicting them rightly is impossible. 2．How can planting tress influence people hit by a hurricane? A．People show respect to nature. B．People can make a lot of money. C．People build a closer relationship. D．People pay more attention to themselves. 3．What does the author do at the Arbor Day Foundation? A．Help those wanting to do replanting. B．Save lives from a natural disaster. C．Predict the coming hurricane season. D．Rebuild homes and other buildings. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Hurricane Season Is Stressful B．Replanting Needs Collective Efforts C．Natural Disasters Are Very Powerful D．Planting Trees Is Key After Hurricanes Passage 2 Unpredictable rains and increasing heat are making life more difficult for the people of Rayanpet, a village in southern India. The conditions are also damaging the rice crops grown there. P. Reddy started farming on his family’s land 16 years ago. His family used to know when it would rain and for how long, which meant they used to know when to plant. However, it has become so unpredictable, for sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes there is no rain at all. To overcome it, agricultural research organizations in India have been working for years to engineer rice seeds that can survive in a changing climate and produce more grain with less water. For the past five years, Reddy has been experimenting with new kinds of rice across part of his 10-hectare field. He also grows some of the older kinds because there is a demand for them. He hopes that people will use these tougher seeds in a few years. India is one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of wheat and rice. India has nearly 120 million farmers, most of whom have less than two hectares of land. Unpredictable rainfall, rising temperatures and increased pest problems all threaten their ability to grow food. Besides, the dangers to rice include saltier groundwater, heavy rainfall over short periods, long periods of drought and increasing nighttime temperatures. Some farmers are turning to methods of natural farming to deal with climate change, which leads to a fall in the yields. India is also urging the use of climate-adaptable seeds that result in better yields. Now, in Rayanpet village, Reddy is preparing to plant rice seeds for the winter season in a few weeks. “It is good to keep trying new seeds, as after some time all of them will have some issues or the other,” Reddy said. “If the government can ensure we get good prices for our crops after harvest, I think that would help farmers like us a great deal.” 1．Why has P. Reddy been experimenting with new kinds of rice? A．To meet the demand for rice. B．To adapt to the change of climate. C．To overcome the lack of water. D．To replace and supplement the old variety. 2．Which of the following threatens farming in India? A．Long periods of heavy rainfall. B．Unpredictable nighttime temperatures. C．Rising demand for killing pests. D．Increasing salt content in groundwater. 3．What’s Reddy’s expectation? A．Farming on his family’s land. B．New seeds becoming popular worldwide. C．Farmers getting good reward for their crops. D．Getting government’s support for his experiment. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．An advertisement. B．A feature story. C．A science report. D．A book review. Passage 3 Typhoons and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon: tropical cyclones (热带气旋). However, they go by different names depending on where they occur. Typhoons develop in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. They most commonly occur from late June to December. Developed in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Oceans, they are called hurricanes, which most commonly occur between June and November. When winds blow into warm seawater, a lot of warm, moist air evaporates (蒸发) and rises rapidly, while colder air moves in below. This creates pressure, causing the winds to move very quickly. The more warm air and moisture there is, the more intense (猛烈的) the winds. When the winds move faster than 119 kilometers per hour, a typhoon is formed. If a typhoon hits 241 kilometers per hour, then it becomes a super typhoon, according to National Geographic magazine. The center of a typhoon is called the “eye”. This is right in the middle of a typhoon and is peaceful. In the “eye”, the wind does not move so fast. Around the “eye” is the wall of clouds. This is where the strongest winds and hardest rains are found. The rain bands are the outer part of a typhoon that spins with it. It can be found as far as a few hundred kilometers from the “eye”. Typhoons do bring water to people, but they also can be very dangerous. They blow away houses and cars, and even kill people. For example, tropical storm Megi hit the Philippines in April, 2022. More than 220 people died from landslides and flooding caused by the typhoon, Xinhua reported. China is also one of the countries most affected by typhoons. The peak time for typhoons’ landing is from July to September, according to China Meteorological Administration. On average, China’s coastal residents face 10 typhoon landings each year, CGTN reported. 1．What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about typhoons and hurricanes? A．When they occur. B．The damage they cause. C．Where they develop. D．The differences between them. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The effect of pressure. B．The formation of a typhoon. C．The cause of intense winds. D．The evaporation of warm seawater. 3．What can happen in the “eye” of a typhoon? A．It stays calm. B．It rains heavily. C．The rain bands spin. D．The wind moves fastest. 4．What does the writer say about typhoons? A．Typhoons only affect China. B．Typhoons just bring profits to people. C．Typhoons sometimes can be deadly disasters. D．Typhoon can be prevented if we make full preparations. Passage 4 Natural Disasters Big waves, huge eruptions and ice-cold winds-these are just a few things that happen naturally and can quickly turn into a disaster! Understanding these disasters can help us stay safe and prepared. Let’s explore some of these natural disasters! Volcanic Eruption Think about a mountain with an opening at the top through which hot molten (熔化的) rock, gas, steam, and ash burst (爆发). That’s a volcanic eruption! People living close to volcanoes must always be prepared in case of an eruption. This is so they can get away and stay safe from hot lava running down it. Volcanic eruptions can also help to make new land if it happens under the sea. Tsunami Have you ever been to the beach and seen really big waves? Now think about those waves being up to 20 times bigger-that is how big tsunami’s waves can be! These waves are caused by an earthquake that happens under the sea. They are very fast and strong and can wash people and buildings away. Blizzards A blizzard is a weather event that includes low temperatures, strong winds and heavy snowfall. These weather conditions result in car accidents and people on foot can get lost. Additionally, these colder temperatures put people at risk of frostbite or hypothermia. Droughts When it does not rain for a very very long time, it can cause a drought. In some areas, the soil becomes very dry and even the plants do not have water. This is bad because all living things like plants, people and animals need water to live. Nature is full of interesting things, and learning about them means we can be prepared if we find ourselves in one of them. 1．What is a volcanic eruption? A．A mountain covered in deep snow. B．A burst of lava from a mountain. C．An earthquake happening under the sea. D．A land newly formed by molten rocks. 2．What can we learn about blizzards? A．They wash people and buildings away. B．They cause damaging droughts. C．They make it hard for people to go around. D．They involve dramatically big waves. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce. B．To comment. C．To debate. D．To record. Passage 5 A rescue has been carried out and flood warnings are in place in Far North Queensland as Cyclone (气旋) Jasper caused widespread damage and flooding. Rescue workers were called to Mossman, a town near Port Douglas, at about 12: 40 am, where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation (疏散) centre in the local library. Around 40, 000 homes and businesses lost power, and the Captain Cook Highway was cut between Cairns and Port Douglas. Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical (热带的) low on Thursday, it was a wild night, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. Senior Meteorologist Laura Boekel said, “This event is not over. We have seen about half a meter of rainfall in the last 24 hours across Far North Queensland. ” The Bureau of Meteorology warned of rising river levels in the Mossman River, which could reach levels similar to the floods in January 2019. Areas around Wujal Wujal, Cape Tribulation, and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone, and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected. A weather warning remained in place across Far North Queensland. People from Cooktown to Port Douglas were overnight warned to prepare for possible flooding. People in the storm’s path were being warned not to be fooled by the calm conditions inside the cyclone’s 70 km-wide eye, which was expected to take hours to cross over some areas. “The eye is really big,” Boekel said on Wednesday night. “There’s a period of calm conditions in the eye itself. But you can’t pick that time period. Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass. ” The cyclone was producing wind speeds of 140 km/h, with centre wind speeds of 100 km/h. 1．Why were rescue workers called to Mossman? A．A storm leveled the local library. B．Some cars broke down on the road. C．People were stuck in the flood. D．A flood was expected to come soon. 2．What can we learn about Far North Queensland according to the text? A．It was hard hit by the storm. B．It never saw a strong wind like this. C．It badly needs a growth industry. D．It is well known for its highways. 3．What is Boekel’s suggestion for the people in the affected areas? A．Keep safe until the storm completely passes. B．Have fun by taking part in outdoor activities. C．Stay up with family members in the library. D．Report the wind speeds in a timely manner. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A magazine. B．A newspaper. C．A guide book. D．A science report. Passage 6 Between 1998 and 2017, landslides and mudslides affected nearly five million people worldwide and took the lives of more than 18,000. In contrast, wildfires and volcanic activity killed 2,400. In the U.S. alone, slides kill 25 to 50 people every year. Yet we don’t hear very much about dangerous slides. Tornadoes, volcanoes, wildfires and hurricanes get more attention. They get more scientific attention, too. The U.S. Geological Survey has a landslide research program, but most universities don’t. American research universities generally avoid training students to do this type of work. One reason for this lack of research is money. U.S. federal funds for biomedical research rose to more than $25 billion a year between 1990 and 2000 and have stayed high. On the other hand, funding for everything else—physics, environmental sciences, other life sciences, mathematics and even computer science — has remained mostly flat (没有变化的). Environmental science regularly has received less than $5 billion a year. Another problem is that slides are hard to study. The basic idea is simple: A hillside becomes weak when the force of gravity (地心力) becomes stronger than the forces holding it together. But because rocks and soils are highly changeable, telling when a particular hill will give way is almost impossible. It’s hard to publish unclear results, so scientists may choose other research topics that seem more promising. Scientists also like to accept things they find interesting, and slides appear to fall short. Many researchers think of their work as a kind of detective story, where “interesting” means understanding a hidden process. But slides aren’t hidden. They happen quite clearly on the surface, and the processes are in some ways obvious. I don’t blame scientists for wanting to study things they find fascinating. A lot of good work has been driven by mystery (神秘事物). But researchers have to find a way to balance love of mystery with a need to solve pressing problems such as the slippery ground under our feet. 1．What do we know about landslides and mudslides? A．They are too simple for universities to study. B．They draw more attention time and time again. C．They cost the U. S. government too much money. D．They killed more people than wildfires and volcanoes. 2．Which of the following has received the most money from the U.S. government? A．Biochemical research. B．Computer science. C．Environmental science. D．Physics and maths. 3．What does the underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Slide research is just like a detective story. B．Slide research doesn’t seem to last a long time. C．Slides are interesting enough to be researched for long. D．Slides don’t seem to be interesting enough to scientists. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Dangerous Ground Under Our Feet B．The Disasters That Kill the Most People C．The Hidden Force Lying Under the Ground D．The Disasters Scientists Pay Little Attention to 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题14 自然灾害与减灾防护 教材相关主题 教材 单元 主题 人教版选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 5 Revealing nature 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 6 Nurturing nature 外研版选择性必修二 Unit 6 Survival 话题阅读精练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 讲述了一个地区在遭到飓风的袭击后，植树所起的作用的重要性。 Passage 2 阅读理解 印度南部村庄Rayanpet面临的气候变化对农业的影响以及农民和农业研究机构采取的应对措施。 Passage 3 阅读理解 介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。 Passage 4 阅读理解 介绍了常见的四种自然灾害。 Passage 5 阅读理解 气旋Jasper对昆士兰州北部造成的破坏和救援情况。 Passage 6 阅读理解 介绍了山体滑坡和泥石流造成的死亡人数比火山、野火和龙卷风更多，但是科学家对它们的关注和研究却很少，作者呼吁科学家重视对山体滑坡和泥石流的研究。 主题简析素材积累 本专题的主题语境为 “自然灾害与减灾防护”，该主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自然” 主题范畴下的 “灾害防范” 子话题。这一主题引导学生认识各类自然灾害，如地震（earthquake）、飓风（hurricane）、洪水（flood）、干旱（drought）等的特点、形成原因及带来的影响，同时学习在面对这些自然灾害时如何进行有效的减灾防护措施，包括灾难来临时的自救与互救方法、提前预防的策略等。通过对这一主题的学习，有助于学生增强对自然环境的敬畏之心，提升应对灾害的能力，培养在困境中保持冷静和积极应对的态度，并且能够用英语准确地表达相关的信息和观点，提高语言运用能力以及跨文化交流中关于灾害话题的沟通能力。 句子积累 描述自然灾害发生 A terrible earthquake hit /struck the area yesterday, causing great damage. 昨天一场可怕的地震袭击了该地区，造成了巨大破坏。 The hurricane is approaching the coast, with strong winds and heavy rain. 飓风正带着狂风暴雨逼近海岸。 Floods have occurred frequently in this region in recent years due to climate change. 由于气候变化，近年来该地区频繁发生洪水。 说明灾害影响 The earthquake left thousands of people homeless and many injured. 地震使成千上万的人无家可归，许多人受伤。 The drought has led to a serious shortage of water and a reduction in crop yields. 干旱导致了严重的水资源短缺和农作物减产。 The typhoon's strong winds swept away many houses and trees, resulting in huge economic losses. 台风的强风刮走了许多房屋和树木，造成了巨大的经济损失。 表达防灾减灾措施 We should raise people's awareness of disaster prevention to reduce the impact of natural disasters. 我们应该提高人们的防灾意识以减少自然灾害的影响。 It's necessary to conduct regular evacuation drills so that people know what to do in case of an emergency. 进行定期的疏散演练很有必要，以便人们在紧急情况下知道该怎么做。 The government has taken a series of preventive measures, such as building flood - control dams and strengthening earthquake - resistant construction. 政府已经采取了一系列预防措施，如修建防洪大坝和加强抗震建筑。 关于灾后恢复 After the disaster, the local government immediately organized efforts to help the survivors rebuild their homes. 灾难过后，当地政府立即组织力量帮助幸存者重建家园。 With the help of the whole society, the area affected by the flood gradually recovered and returned to normal life. 在全社会的帮助下，受洪水影响的地区逐渐恢复并回归正常生活。 必备词块 自然灾害类 natural disaster 自然灾害 earthquake 地震 hurricane /typhoon 飓风 / 台风 tornado 龙卷风 flood 洪水 drought 干旱 tsunami 海啸 volcanic eruption 火山爆发 landslide 泥石流 thunderstorm 雷暴 灾害影响相关 cause damage /destruction 造成破坏 economic loss 经济损失 human casualties 人员伤亡 destroy homes /buildings 摧毁房屋 / 建筑物 cut off electricity /water supply 切断电力 / 供水 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 防灾减灾措施类 take preventive measures 采取预防措施 make an emergency plan 制定应急计划 raise awareness of disaster prevention 提高防灾意识 conduct evacuation drills 进行疏散演练 provide disaster relief 提供救灾援助 supply emergency supplies 供应应急物资 first aid kit 急救箱 灾后恢复类 rebuild /reconstruct 重建 recover from the disaster 从灾难中恢复 help the survivors 帮助幸存者 restore normal life 恢复正常生活 实战演练 Passage 1 At the start of hurricane season, we’re reminded of the power natural disasters can produce. Before the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said the U.S. would see 12 to 17 named storms. They predicted the season would be “near-normal” compared with the “above-normal” 2022 season that resulted in 14 storms that formed into eight hurricanes. According to NOAA, at least three of those hurricanes caused at least $1 billion in damage, along with other natural disasters. Given the huge damage following a hurricane, trees are — understandably — not the first focus. But once important needs are addressed and communities are ready to rebuild, replanting is often a key part. Planting trees helps people affected by a hurricane create a connection with the effort to rebuild. It can make them feel like they are personally contributing to recovery, leading to a sense of community pride. I’ve seen it first-hand. When homeowners in disaster-stricken areas come to Arbor Day Foundation tree plantings, they expect to get their hands dirty, filled with hope and excitement. It could be that they are just big fans of trees. But I think the enthusiasm is more about what replanting represents. These trees are infusing (注入) life back into places that have been marked by loss. At the Arbor Day Foundation, we work with local partners who know when a community is ready to replant its lost trees after a hurricane. When the time is right, we help get them what they need to plant trees. Planting trees is also about protecting the community from the next disaster. Trees can help slow the strong winds of a hurricane and reduce the effects of flooding. When planted in the right place, they can redirect water away from homes and other buildings. In some ways, trees can be a guard against the dangerous blows Mother Nature brings. Though hurricanes try to damage everything in their path — including our spirits — trees show us that we still have the strength to stand tall. 1．What can we know about hurricanes according to NOAA? A．Giving them names is hard. B．They can lead to huge damage. C．They are weaker year by year. D．Predicting them rightly is impossible. 2．How can planting tress influence people hit by a hurricane? A．People show respect to nature. B．People can make a lot of money. C．People build a closer relationship. D．People pay more attention to themselves. 3．What does the author do at the Arbor Day Foundation? A．Help those wanting to do replanting. B．Save lives from a natural disaster. C．Predict the coming hurricane season. D．Rebuild homes and other buildings. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Hurricane Season Is Stressful B．Replanting Needs Collective Efforts C．Natural Disasters Are Very Powerful D．Planting Trees Is Key After Hurricanes 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个地区在遭到飓风的袭击后，植树所起的作用的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to NOAA, at least three of those hurricanes caused at least $1 billion in damage, along with other natural disasters.(根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据，这些飓风中至少有三次造成了至少10亿美元的损失，以及其他自然灾害。)”可知，根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据，飓风能够导致巨大的破坏和损失。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Planting trees helps people affected by a hurricane create a connection with the effort to rebuild. It can make them feel like they are personally contributing to recovery, leading to a sense of community pride.(植树可以帮助受飓风影响的人们与重建的努力建立联系。这会让他们觉得自己为恢复做出了贡献，从而产生一种社区自豪感)”可知，植树会让人们因为重建工作而建立更紧密的联系。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“At the Arbor Day Foundation, we work with local partners who know when a community is ready to replant its lost trees after a hurricane. When the time is right, we help get them what they need to plant trees.(在植树节基金会，我们与当地的合作伙伴合作，他们知道一个社区何时准备在飓风过后重新种植失去的树木。时机成熟时，我们会帮助他们获得种树所需的东西)”可知，作者在植树节基金会帮助那些准备重新植树的人。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But once important needs are addressed and communities are ready to rebuild, replanting is often a key part.(但是，一旦重要的需求得到解决，社区准备好重建，重新种植往往是一个关键部分)”和最后一段“Though hurricanes try to damage everything in their path — including our spirits — trees show us that we still have the strength to stand tall.(虽然飓风试图摧毁沿途的一切，包括我们的精神，但树木告诉我们，我们仍然有力量屹立不倒)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了飓风过后植树的重要性。由此可知，Planting Trees Is Key After Hurricanes(飓风过后植树是关键)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 2 Unpredictable rains and increasing heat are making life more difficult for the people of Rayanpet, a village in southern India. The conditions are also damaging the rice crops grown there. P. Reddy started farming on his family’s land 16 years ago. His family used to know when it would rain and for how long, which meant they used to know when to plant. However, it has become so unpredictable, for sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes there is no rain at all. To overcome it, agricultural research organizations in India have been working for years to engineer rice seeds that can survive in a changing climate and produce more grain with less water. For the past five years, Reddy has been experimenting with new kinds of rice across part of his 10-hectare field. He also grows some of the older kinds because there is a demand for them. He hopes that people will use these tougher seeds in a few years. India is one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of wheat and rice. India has nearly 120 million farmers, most of whom have less than two hectares of land. Unpredictable rainfall, rising temperatures and increased pest problems all threaten their ability to grow food. Besides, the dangers to rice include saltier groundwater, heavy rainfall over short periods, long periods of drought and increasing nighttime temperatures. Some farmers are turning to methods of natural farming to deal with climate change, which leads to a fall in the yields. India is also urging the use of climate-adaptable seeds that result in better yields. Now, in Rayanpet village, Reddy is preparing to plant rice seeds for the winter season in a few weeks. “It is good to keep trying new seeds, as after some time all of them will have some issues or the other,” Reddy said. “If the government can ensure we get good prices for our crops after harvest, I think that would help farmers like us a great deal.” 1．Why has P. Reddy been experimenting with new kinds of rice? A．To meet the demand for rice. B．To adapt to the change of climate. C．To overcome the lack of water. D．To replace and supplement the old variety. 2．Which of the following threatens farming in India? A．Long periods of heavy rainfall. B．Unpredictable nighttime temperatures. C．Rising demand for killing pests. D．Increasing salt content in groundwater. 3．What’s Reddy’s expectation? A．Farming on his family’s land. B．New seeds becoming popular worldwide. C．Farmers getting good reward for their crops. D．Getting government’s support for his experiment. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．An advertisement. B．A feature story. C．A science report. D．A book review. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了印度南部村庄Rayanpet面临的气候变化对农业的影响以及农民和农业研究机构采取的应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To overcome it, agricultural research organizations in India have been working for years to engineer rice seeds that can survive in a changing climate and produce more grain with less water. For the past five years, Reddy has been experimenting with new kinds of rice across part of his 10-hectare field.(为了克服这一问题，印度的农业研究机构多年来一直在培育能够在气候变化中存活、用更少的水生产更多粮食的水稻种子。在过去的五年里，Reddy一直在他10公顷土地的一部分上试验新品种的水稻)”可知，P. Reddy试验新品种水稻是为了适应气候变化。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Besides, the dangers to rice include saltier groundwater, heavy rainfall over short periods, long periods of drought and increasing nighttime temperatures.(此外，水稻面临的危险包括地下水含盐量增加、短时间内的暴雨、长时间的干旱以及夜间气温升高)”可知，地下水中盐分含量增加威胁着印度的农业。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Reddy的话“If the government can ensure we get good prices for our crops after harvest, I think that would help farmers like us a great deal.(如果政府能确保我们收获后庄稼能卖个好价钱，我认为这对像我们这样的农民会有很大帮助)”可知，Reddy期望农民的庄稼能获得好的回报。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Unpredictable rains and increasing heat are making life more difficult for the people of Rayanpet, a village in southern India. The conditions are also damaging the rice crops grown there.(不可预测的降雨和不断升高的气温让印度南部村庄Rayanpet的人们生活更加艰难。这种情况也正在破坏那里种植的水稻作物)”和第三段中“To overcome it, agricultural research organizations in India have been working for years to engineer rice seeds that can survive in a changing climate and produce more grain with less water. For the past five years, Reddy has been experimenting with new kinds of rice across part of his 10-hectare field.(为了克服这一问题，印度的农业研究机构多年来一直在培育能够在气候变化中存活、用更少的水生产更多粮食的水稻种子。在过去的五年里，Reddy一直在他10公顷土地的一部分上试验新品种的水稻)”可知，文章详细介绍了印度农民面临的气候变化带来的挑战，特别关注了农业研究机构和Reddy在适应气候变化方面的经验和努力，这种写作风格是典型的专题故事(A feature story)。故选B项。 Passage 3 Typhoons and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon: tropical cyclones (热带气旋). However, they go by different names depending on where they occur. Typhoons develop in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. They most commonly occur from late June to December. Developed in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Oceans, they are called hurricanes, which most commonly occur between June and November. When winds blow into warm seawater, a lot of warm, moist air evaporates (蒸发) and rises rapidly, while colder air moves in below. This creates pressure, causing the winds to move very quickly. The more warm air and moisture there is, the more intense (猛烈的) the winds. When the winds move faster than 119 kilometers per hour, a typhoon is formed. If a typhoon hits 241 kilometers per hour, then it becomes a super typhoon, according to National Geographic magazine. The center of a typhoon is called the “eye”. This is right in the middle of a typhoon and is peaceful. In the “eye”, the wind does not move so fast. Around the “eye” is the wall of clouds. This is where the strongest winds and hardest rains are found. The rain bands are the outer part of a typhoon that spins with it. It can be found as far as a few hundred kilometers from the “eye”. Typhoons do bring water to people, but they also can be very dangerous. They blow away houses and cars, and even kill people. For example, tropical storm Megi hit the Philippines in April, 2022. More than 220 people died from landslides and flooding caused by the typhoon, Xinhua reported. China is also one of the countries most affected by typhoons. The peak time for typhoons’ landing is from July to September, according to China Meteorological Administration. On average, China’s coastal residents face 10 typhoon landings each year, CGTN reported. 1．What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about typhoons and hurricanes? A．When they occur. B．The damage they cause. C．Where they develop. D．The differences between them. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The effect of pressure. B．The formation of a typhoon. C．The cause of intense winds. D．The evaporation of warm seawater. 3．What can happen in the “eye” of a typhoon? A．It stays calm. B．It rains heavily. C．The rain bands spin. D．The wind moves fastest. 4．What does the writer say about typhoons? A．Typhoons only affect China. B．Typhoons just bring profits to people. C．Typhoons sometimes can be deadly disasters. D．Typhoon can be prevented if we make full preparations. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了台风的形成以及造成的危害。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Typhoons and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon: tropical cyclones (热带气旋). However, they go by different names depending on where they occur.(台风和飓风是同一种天气现象：热带气旋。然而，它们有不同的名称，这取决于它们发生的地方)”和第二段“Typhoons develop in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. They most commonly occur from late June to December. Developed in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Oceans, they are called hurricanes, which most commonly occur between June and November.(台风在太平洋西北部形成。它们最常发生在6月下旬至12月。形成于北大西洋和东北太平洋，被称为飓风，通常发生在6月至11月之间)”可知，前两段主要介绍台风和飓风本质相同，但名称不同取决于发生区域（台风在西北太平洋，飓风在北大西洋和东北太平洋），并提到时间差异。因此，主要讨论两者的差异，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“When winds blow into warm seawater, a lot of warm, moist air evaporates (蒸发) and rises rapidly, while colder air moves in below. This creates pressure, causing the winds to move very quickly. The more warm air and moisture there is, the more intense (猛烈的) the winds. When the winds move faster than 119 kilometers per hour, a typhoon is formed.(当风吹进温暖的海水时，大量温暖潮湿的空气蒸发并迅速上升，而冷空气则在下面移动。这就产生了压力，导致风移动得非常快。温暖的空气和湿气越多，风就越猛烈。当风速超过每小时119公里时，就形成了台风)”可知，我们可以从第三段了解台风是如何形成的，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The center of a typhoon is called the “eye”. This is right in the middle of a typhoon and is peaceful. In the “eye”, the wind does not move so fast.(台风的中心称为“风眼”。这是在台风中心，是和平的。在“风眼”中，风的移动速度没有那么快)”可知，在“风眼”中相对平静，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Typhoons do bring water to people, but they also can be very dangerous. They blow away houses and cars, and even kill people.(台风确实给人们带来了水，但它们也可能非常危险。它们吹走房屋和汽车，甚至杀死人)”可知，台风有时是致命的灾难，故选C。 Passage 4 Natural Disasters Big waves, huge eruptions and ice-cold winds-these are just a few things that happen naturally and can quickly turn into a disaster! Understanding these disasters can help us stay safe and prepared. Let’s explore some of these natural disasters! Volcanic Eruption Think about a mountain with an opening at the top through which hot molten (熔化的) rock, gas, steam, and ash burst (爆发). That’s a volcanic eruption! People living close to volcanoes must always be prepared in case of an eruption. This is so they can get away and stay safe from hot lava running down it. Volcanic eruptions can also help to make new land if it happens under the sea. Tsunami Have you ever been to the beach and seen really big waves? Now think about those waves being up to 20 times bigger-that is how big tsunami’s waves can be! These waves are caused by an earthquake that happens under the sea. They are very fast and strong and can wash people and buildings away. Blizzards A blizzard is a weather event that includes low temperatures, strong winds and heavy snowfall. These weather conditions result in car accidents and people on foot can get lost. Additionally, these colder temperatures put people at risk of frostbite or hypothermia. Droughts When it does not rain for a very very long time, it can cause a drought. In some areas, the soil becomes very dry and even the plants do not have water. This is bad because all living things like plants, people and animals need water to live. Nature is full of interesting things, and learning about them means we can be prepared if we find ourselves in one of them. 1．What is a volcanic eruption? A．A mountain covered in deep snow. B．A burst of lava from a mountain. C．An earthquake happening under the sea. D．A land newly formed by molten rocks. 2．What can we learn about blizzards? A．They wash people and buildings away. B．They cause damaging droughts. C．They make it hard for people to go around. D．They involve dramatically big waves. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce. B．To comment. C．To debate. D．To record. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了常见的四种自然灾害。 1．细节理解题。根据Volcanic Eruption部分中“Think about a mountain with an opening at the top through which hot molten (熔化的) rock, gas, steam, and ash burst (爆发). That’s a volcanic eruption!(想象一座山的顶部有一个开口，灼热的熔岩、气体、蒸汽和灰烬可以从中喷发出来。那是火山喷发！)”可知，火山喷发就是岩浆从山里喷发出来。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Blizzards部分中“These weather conditions result in car accidents and people on foot can get lost.(这样的天气状况会导致车祸，步行的人也会迷路。)”可知，暴风雪会使得人们出行困难。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Big waves, huge eruptions and ice-cold winds-these are just a few things that happen naturally and can quickly turn into a disaster! Understanding these disasters can help us stay safe and prepared. Let’s explore some of these natural disasters!(巨浪，巨大的火山喷发和冰冷的风——这些只是自然发生的一些事情，很快就会变成一场灾难！了解这些灾难可以帮助我们保持安全并做好准备。让我们来探索一下这些自然灾害吧！)”可知，本文旨在向学生介绍自然灾害，让学生对灾害所有了解。故选A。 Passage 5 A rescue has been carried out and flood warnings are in place in Far North Queensland as Cyclone (气旋) Jasper caused widespread damage and flooding. Rescue workers were called to Mossman, a town near Port Douglas, at about 12: 40 am, where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation (疏散) centre in the local library. Around 40, 000 homes and businesses lost power, and the Captain Cook Highway was cut between Cairns and Port Douglas. Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical (热带的) low on Thursday, it was a wild night, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. Senior Meteorologist Laura Boekel said, “This event is not over. We have seen about half a meter of rainfall in the last 24 hours across Far North Queensland. ” The Bureau of Meteorology warned of rising river levels in the Mossman River, which could reach levels similar to the floods in January 2019. Areas around Wujal Wujal, Cape Tribulation, and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone, and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected. A weather warning remained in place across Far North Queensland. People from Cooktown to Port Douglas were overnight warned to prepare for possible flooding. People in the storm’s path were being warned not to be fooled by the calm conditions inside the cyclone’s 70 km-wide eye, which was expected to take hours to cross over some areas. “The eye is really big,” Boekel said on Wednesday night. “There’s a period of calm conditions in the eye itself. But you can’t pick that time period. Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass. ” The cyclone was producing wind speeds of 140 km/h, with centre wind speeds of 100 km/h. 1．Why were rescue workers called to Mossman? A．A storm leveled the local library. B．Some cars broke down on the road. C．People were stuck in the flood. D．A flood was expected to come soon. 2．What can we learn about Far North Queensland according to the text? A．It was hard hit by the storm. B．It never saw a strong wind like this. C．It badly needs a growth industry. D．It is well known for its highways. 3．What is Boekel’s suggestion for the people in the affected areas? A．Keep safe until the storm completely passes. B．Have fun by taking part in outdoor activities. C．Stay up with family members in the library. D．Report the wind speeds in a timely manner. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A magazine. B．A newspaper. C．A guide book. D．A science report. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了气旋Jasper对昆士兰州北部造成的破坏和救援情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rescue workers were called to Mossman, a town near Port Douglas, at about 12: 40 am, where 18 people had to be moved to safety due to dangerous flooding and then were taken to an evacuation (疏散) centre in the local library.(救援人员在凌晨12点40分左右被叫到道格拉斯港附近的Mossman镇，由于危险的洪水，18人必须被转移到安全地带，随后被带到当地图书馆的疏散中心)”可知，由于危险的洪水，有人需要被转移到安全地带，然后被带到当地图书馆的一个疏散中心。因此，救援人员被叫到Mossman镇是因为人们被困在洪水中。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although Cyclone Jasper was downgraded to a tropical(热带的) low on Thursday, it was a wild night, bringing heavy rain and strong winds.(尽管气旋“贾斯珀”在周四已减弱为热带低气压，但那仍是狂风暴雨的一晚，带来了强降雨和大风天气)”以及第四段中“Areas around Wujal Wujal, Cape Tribulation, and Port Douglas faced the worst of the cyclone, and nearby communities like Palm Cove and Cairns were also affected.(乌贾尔乌贾尔、苦难角和道格拉斯港周边地区遭受了这场气旋的最严重影响，而像棕榈湾和凯恩斯这样的附近社区也受到了波及)”可知，Wujal Wujal、Cape Tribulation和Port Douglas周边地区是遭受气旋袭击最严重的地区，附近的Palm Cove和Cairns等社区也受到了影响。由此可知，Far North Queensland受到了风暴的严重袭击。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Please stay in a safe place and wait for the whole system to pass.(请待在安全的地方，等待整个风暴系统过去)”可知，Boekel建议受影响地区的人们待在一个安全的地方，等待整个风暴系统过去。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A rescue has been carried out and flood warnings are in place in Far North Queensland as Cyclone (气旋) Jasper caused widespread damage and flooding.(由于气旋“贾斯珀”造成了大面积的破坏和洪水灾害，澳大利亚昆士兰州远北地区已展开了救援行动，同时发布了洪水预警)”可知，文章主要讲述了气旋贾斯珀给昆士兰北部带来的影响，包括人员被困、救援行动、天气情况以及对人们的警告等，这种报道具有时效性和新闻性，符合报纸的特点。故选B。 Passage 6 Between 1998 and 2017, landslides and mudslides affected nearly five million people worldwide and took the lives of more than 18,000. In contrast, wildfires and volcanic activity killed 2,400. In the U.S. alone, slides kill 25 to 50 people every year. Yet we don’t hear very much about dangerous slides. Tornadoes, volcanoes, wildfires and hurricanes get more attention. They get more scientific attention, too. The U.S. Geological Survey has a landslide research program, but most universities don’t. American research universities generally avoid training students to do this type of work. One reason for this lack of research is money. U.S. federal funds for biomedical research rose to more than $25 billion a year between 1990 and 2000 and have stayed high. On the other hand, funding for everything else—physics, environmental sciences, other life sciences, mathematics and even computer science — has remained mostly flat (没有变化的). Environmental science regularly has received less than $5 billion a year. Another problem is that slides are hard to study. The basic idea is simple: A hillside becomes weak when the force of gravity (地心力) becomes stronger than the forces holding it together. But because rocks and soils are highly changeable, telling when a particular hill will give way is almost impossible. It’s hard to publish unclear results, so scientists may choose other research topics that seem more promising. Scientists also like to accept things they find interesting, and slides appear to fall short. Many researchers think of their work as a kind of detective story, where “interesting” means understanding a hidden process. But slides aren’t hidden. They happen quite clearly on the surface, and the processes are in some ways obvious. I don’t blame scientists for wanting to study things they find fascinating. A lot of good work has been driven by mystery (神秘事物). But researchers have to find a way to balance love of mystery with a need to solve pressing problems such as the slippery ground under our feet. 1．What do we know about landslides and mudslides? A．They are too simple for universities to study. B．They draw more attention time and time again. C．They cost the U. S. government too much money. D．They killed more people than wildfires and volcanoes. 2．Which of the following has received the most money from the U.S. government? A．Biochemical research. B．Computer science. C．Environmental science. D．Physics and maths. 3．What does the underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Slide research is just like a detective story. B．Slide research doesn’t seem to last a long time. C．Slides are interesting enough to be researched for long. D．Slides don’t seem to be interesting enough to scientists. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Dangerous Ground Under Our Feet B．The Disasters That Kill the Most People C．The Hidden Force Lying Under the Ground D．The Disasters Scientists Pay Little Attention to 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了山体滑坡和泥石流造成的死亡人数比火山、野火和龙卷风更多，但是科学家对它们的关注和研究却很少，作者呼吁科学家重视对山体滑坡和泥石流的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Between 1998 and 117, landslides and mudslides affected nearly five million people worldwide and took the lives of more than 18,000. In contrast, wildfires and volcanic activity killed 2,400.(1998年至117年期间，全球近500万人受到山体滑坡和泥石流的影响，1.8万多人丧生。相比之下，野火和火山活动导致2400人死亡)”可知，在 1998年到117年间，山体滑坡和泥石流导致的死亡人数比野火和火山活动导致的死亡人数更多。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“U.S. federal funds for biomedical research rose to more than $25 billion a year between 1990 and 2000 and have stayed high. On the other hand, funding for everything else — physics, environmental sciences, other life sciences, mathematics and even computer science — has remained mostly flat (没有变化的). Environmental science regularly has received less than $5 billion a year. (从1990年到2000年，美国用于生物医学研究的联邦基金每年增加到250多亿美元，并一直保持在高位。另一方面，其他学科——物理学、环境科学、其他生命科学、数学甚至计算机科学——的资助基本保持不变。环境科学每年得到的资助通常不到50亿美元)”可知，美国政府对生物医学研究的投入最多，超过每年250亿美元，而其他领域投入基本没有变化，环境科学每年投入不到50 亿美元。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Many researchers think of their work as a kind of detective story, where “interesting” means understanding a hidden process. But slides aren’t hidden. They happen quite clearly on the surface, and the processes are in some ways obvious.(许多研究人员认为他们的工作是一种侦探小说，其中“有趣”意味着理解一个隐藏的过程。但是幻灯片并不是隐藏的。它们在表面上发生得很清楚，而且过程在某些方面是显而易见的)”可知，许多研究人员认为他们的工作像侦探故事，有趣意味着理解一个隐藏的过程，而山体滑坡不是隐藏的，发生得很明显，所以山体滑坡对科学家来说似乎不够有趣，“fall short”在这里表示“未达到（期望）；不足”。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“But researchers have to find a way to balance love of mystery with a need to solve pressing problems such as the slippery ground under our feet.( 但研究人员必须找到一种方法来平衡对神秘的热爱和解决紧迫问题的需要，比如我们脚下的滑坡)”可知，文章主要讲述了山体滑坡和泥石流造成了很多人的伤亡，然而却没有得到足够的关注和研究，包括资金投入少、研究困难以及科学家认为其不够有趣等原因，最后呼吁研究人员要平衡对神秘事物的热爱和解决像滑坡这类紧迫问题的需求。由此可知，A 选项 “The Dangerous Ground Under Our Feet(我们脚下危险的土地)”既体现了滑坡这类地质灾害的危险性，又能涵盖文章主要内容，适合作本文标题。故选A项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$